FAMILY TREE OF ALL THE DANISH MONARCHS OF THE

KINGDOM OF DENMARK
FROM HARTHACNUT, THE LEGENDARY KING, TO QUEEN MARGRETHE II

DANISH
KINGDOM m
K m
D m
D m K m D m w
m G
K m D m w w
m
U K G
K mm m m House of
D m
Gorm
K m D m w (Jelling dynasty)
V G m O H B
O m m
A
m w w
m m
R H m
G mS w H m G m
m N w m G m
D M
m
m
C D m A
m
m

Harthacnut I DANELAW
OR DANELAGH
D m m w
P m w
w w
m
of Denmark
m w ????-????
m m m m Legendary King of Denmark

EARLY
mm m m m The Danelaw (/ˈdeɪnˌlɔː/, also known as the Danelagh; Old English: Dena
lagu;[1] Danish: Danelagen) was the part of England in which the laws of
the Danes held sway and dominated those of the Anglo-Saxons. The
Q M K Danelaw contrasts with the West Saxon law and the Mercian law. The term
X O Q M is first recorded in the early 11th century as Dena lage. The areas that
m m m D m M constituted the Danelaw lie in northern and eastern England, long occupied
S ‒ K m U D

KINGDOM
by Danes and other Norsemen.
m w
C M C The Danelaw originated from the invasion of the Great Heathen Army into
C w P England in the 9th century, although the term was not used to describe a
geographic area until the 11th century. With the increase in population and
productivity in Scandinavia, Viking warriors, having sought treasure and
glory in the nearby British Isles, "proceeded to plough and support

1219 ORIGIN
D m themselves", in the words of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 876.
m m D m

CONSTITUTIONAL
H G m O O N G m m Danelaw can describe the set of legal terms and definitions created in the

DANEVIRKE
D G m m w m treaties between Alfred the Great, the king of Wessex, and Guthrum, the
m Danish warlord, written following Guthrum's defeat at the Battle of Edington
in 878.

OF THE FLAG OR DANEWORK

D w m C In 886, the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum was formalised, defining the
CE H B w boundaries of their kingdoms, with provisions for peaceful relations between

KINGDOM
H m w the English and the Vikings. The language spoken in England was affected

JELLING
m by this clash of cultures, with the emergence of Anglo-Norse dialects.
D V H D
Sw S H The Danevirke or Danework is a system of Danish fortifications in The Danelaw roughly comprised these contemporary 15 shires: Leicester,
A m V m D m m H w N w Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. This historically important linear defensive York, Nottingham, Derby, Lincoln, Essex, Cambridge, Suffolk, Norfolk,
H Sw m w earthwork across the neck of the Cimbrian peninsula was initiated by the 1 Northampton, Huntingdon, Bedford, Hertford, Middlesex, and Buckingham.

STONES
m C P D K w S G D m w H m
R m V m P m w E P m E w w m Sw C G Danes in the Nordic Iron Age about AD 650. It was later expanded multiple
W K V w m m m

ABSOLUTISM
w P O P O R
m
D V N S Em
C
E m S w H w w D w m S
times during Denmark's Viking Age and High Middle Ages. The Danevirke
was last used for military purposes in 1864 during the Second War of Thyra Gorm the Old
????
E m K V m D w w m w D m N w
G m
D
C
V
D
D
W S
m
w
M
G m w
m w Schleswig. Thorvi or Thyre b.900-c.964
m m D P O D m H w w m w O ????-????
S D m m m m m w The Danevirke consists of several walls, trenches and the Schlei Barrier. The Jelling stones are massive carved runestones from the 10th century,
m mV m VC D m w C w m w m D m A The walls stretch for 30 km, from the former Viking trade centre of Hedeby found at the town of Jelling in Denmark. The older of the two Jelling stones
N w m B w B V m D V m K V w w m P C G w m D King of Denmark c.936-c.958/64
E C C O S near Schleswig on the Baltic Sea coast in the east to the extensive was raised by King Gorm the Old in memory of his wife Thyra. The larger of

KINGDOM
V m V R D m W w w w E H O marshlands in the west of the peninsula. One of the walls (named the two stones was raised by King Gorm's son, Harald Bluetooth, in
w E V D m w A w m H K w C V w m Østervolden), between the Schlei and Eckernförde inlets, defended the memory of his parents, celebrating his conquest of Denmark and Norway,
m m m m m
m m D m m C Schwansen peninsula. and his conversion of the Danes to Christianity. The runic inscriptions on
R m H these stones are considered the best known in Denmark. In 1994, the
O U K V D m C X Dm H According to written sources, work on the Danevirke was started by the stones, in addition to the burial mounds and small church nearby, were
O w m mm H w D B A S G C X m w w E m w m
G w m D m m W m Danish King Gudfred in 808. Fearing an invasion by the Franks, who had inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as an unparalleled example
E H P A m E w V U K m P D m m conquered heathen Frisia over the previous 100 years and Old Saxony in of both pagan and Christian Nordic culture.
D w w m w m E D A w O D m w A R P m C w P E A H H V mw m
m D w B m w m D m w C C w 772 to 804, Godfred began work on an enormous structure to defend his

VIKING
G G C m H V N w D R m m realm, separating the Jutland peninsula from the northern extent of the
w m H w W D w w D m E
D m m K w w w D w Frankish empire. The Danes however, were also in conflict with the Saxons
S N W K w south of Hedeby during the Nordic Iron Age and recent archaeological
E C w w w m m K C X excavations have revealed that the Danevirke was initiated much earlier
Sw w m w w w
m D w mm w w than King Gudfred's reign, around 500 AD and probably well before that

AGE
w D m w P m D m w

CURSUM
D m S w m D w mw P S even.
B w mB A B K V m w N m D m w W S w A m V S w w m w
w D B B m K

BLUETOOTH
Sw S B S w P N S w D m S C C S w
H m w K m m m B w w K C X
H m m m G Sw m
G m S w H
m
M D
G m
C S
m
w
w
D m
C X
House

DISC CHRISTIANIZATION
D P B B E
w
D m
R
S
D m
H
N w
B B m
w m P m M C C S w The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) was the period during the Middle Ages when
Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing,
of Munsö
A D m m m C D w

TECHNOLOGY
m A A S B N w m H w conquest, and trading throughout Europe and reached North America. It
A A w m followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age. The Viking Age
E w w E B S N W w m applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia but also to any place

OF SCANDINAVIA
S C X m m w
B w m m K w C XG w w O m m m m D m significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period. The Scandinavians Harald's name is written as runic haraltr : kunuk ʀ ( ᚼᛅᚱᛅᛚᛏᚱ ᛬ ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛦ) in
m w D m m m S m m m w w m m S of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings as well as Norsemen, the Jelling stone inscription. In normalized Old Norse, this would correspond
A m H B B O Sw m C although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense. to Haraldr konungr, i.e. "Harald king". The Latinized name as given in the The Bluetooth wireless specification design was named after the
w m C m D m w w D m C X w m w m king in 1997, based on an analogy that the technology would unite
H w m D w m m D m m w medieval Danish chronicles is Haraldus Gormonis filius (Harald, Gorm's
S m A w w C C Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, son). The given name Haraldr (also Haralldr) is the equivalent of Old 2 devices the way Harald Bluetooth united the tribes of Denmark into
w C X m The Christianization of Scandinavia, as well as other Nordic countries and the Baltic
w C the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, English Hereweald, Old High German Heriwald, from hari "army" and wald- ???? Tove of countries, took place between the 8th and the 12th centuries. The realms of Denmark,
a single kingdom. The Bluetooth logo consists of a Younger Futhark
bind rune for his initials, H ( ᚼ) and B ( ᛒ).
Harald Bluetooth
wife
Sw D w Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, and the Baltic coast and along the Dnieper "rule". Harald's name is also inscribed on the so-called Curmsun disc,
Sw w
the Obotrites
4
A S M w m m m Norway and Sweden established their own Archdioceses, responsible directly to the Pope,
Sw N w m m M m X and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as rediscovered in 2014 (but part of a Viking hoard previously discovered in Gunhild ????
Gormsson in 1104, 1154 and 1164, respectively. The conversion to Christianity of the Scandinavian
Gyrid
wife
w Sw D m N w w P K Varangians. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first
Europeans to reach North America. The Norse-Gaels, Normans, Rus'
1841 in the crypt of the Groß-Weckow village church in Pomerania, close to
the Viking Age stronghold of Jomsborg), as +ARALD CVRMSVN + REX AD ????-???? wife ???? ????-???? people required more time, since it took additional efforts to establish a network of
N w
m
D
w
w C
m
w
w m A S w m m m m people, Faroese, and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies. The TANER + SCON + JVMN + CIV ALDIN, i.e. "Harald Gormson, king of ????-c.985 of Sweden churches. The Sami remained unconverted until the 18th century. Newer archaeological
research suggests there were Christians in Götaland already during the 9th century; it is
Sw w w m Vikings founded several kingdoms and earldoms in Europe: the kingdom of
the Isles (Suðreyjar), Orkney (Norðreyjar), York (Jórvík) and the Danelaw
Danes, Scania, Jumne, [in] Bishopric of Aldinburg [de]". King of Denmark 958-c.985 ????-???? further believed Christianity came from the southwest and moved towards the north.
(Danalǫg), Dublin (Dyflin), Normandy, and Kievan Rus' (Garðaríki). The King of Norway 970-c.985
C XG w The first documented appearance of Harald's nickname "Bluetooth" (as Denmark was also the first of the Scandinavian countries which was Christianized, as
N w w Sw m Norse homelands were also unified into larger kingdoms during the Viking blatan; Old Norse *blátǫnn) is in the Chronicon Roskildense (written ca. Harald Bluetooth declared this around AD 975, and raised the larger of the two Jelling
C Sw N w Age, and the short-lived North Sea Empire included large swathes of 1140), alongside the alternative nickname Clac Harald. Clac Harald appears None
Stones. The oldest still-existing church built in stone is Dalby Holy Cross Church, from
B m D m w Scandinavia and Britain. In 1021, the Vikings achieved the feat of reaching to be a conflation of Harald Bluetooth with the legendary or semi-legendary around AD 1040, located in Scania—then a part of Denmark.
N E w m North America – the date of which was not specified until a millennium later. Harald Klak, son of Halfdan. The byname is given as Blachtent and
w Ø D m explicitly glossed as "bluish or black tooth" (dens lividus vel niger) in a None
w N w D m Sw Several things drove this expansion. The Vikings were drawn by the growth chronicle of the late 12th century, Wilhelmi abbatis regum Danorum
A mw of wealthy towns and monasteries overseas and weak kingdoms. They may genealogia.[6] The traditional explanation is that Harald must have had a
m w m m A also have been pushed to leave their homeland by overpopulation, lack of conspicuous bad tooth that appeared "blue" (i.e. "black", as blár "blue"
w w m m good farmland, and political strife arising from the unification of Norway. The meant "blue-black", or "dark-coloured"). Another explanation, proposed by
w w K w R aggressive expansion of the Carolingian Empire and forced conversion of Scocozza (1997), is that he was called "blue thane" (or "dark thane") in
the neighboring Saxons to Christianity may also have been a factor. Sailing England (with Anglo-Saxon thegn corrupted to tan when the name came
innovations had allowed the Vikings to sail further and longer to begin with. back into Old Norse).
Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from primary sources
written by those the Vikings encountered, as well as archaeology,
supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas. Piast
dynasty

3
Sigrid Storråda 1157
Sweyn
1st wife
Świętosława
968-1014
Queen consort Gunhild ???? 2nd wife Forkbeard
963-1014
3
of Denmark
Queen consort
of Wenden King of Denmark c.985-1014
of Norway 968-1014 King of Norway c.985-995
Queen consort King of Norway 1000-1014
of Sweden King of the English 1013-1014
Queen consort
of England

House of
Estridsen
NORTH SEA
MARTYRDOM EMPIRE
CANONIZATION 4 5
North Sea Empire and Anglo-Scandinavian Empire are terms used by
historians to refer to the personal union of the kingdoms of England,
Denmark and Norway for most of the period between 1013 and 1042
towards the end of the Viking Age. This ephemeral Norse-ruled empire was
Because of his martyrdom and advocacy of the Church, Canute quickly
began to be considered a saint. Under the reign of Olaf, Denmark Estrid Ulf Harald II Emma Cnut Ælfgifu of
a thalassocracy, its components only connected by and dependent upon the

4
sea.
suffered from crop failure, which was seen as divine retribution for the
sacrilegious killing of Canute. Miracles were soon reported as taking
Svendsdatter Thorgilsson of Denmark of Normandy 1017 wife
the Great wife ????
Northampton
place at his grave, and his canonization was already being sought of Denmark ????-1026 c.996/8-c.1018 c.984-1052 c.990-1035 c.990-a.1036
The first king to unite all three kingdoms was Sweyn Forkbeard, king of
Denmark since 986 and of Norway since 1000, when he conquered
during the reign of Olaf. c.990/7-c.1057/73 Regent of Denmark Queen consort England in 1013. He died the following year and his realm was divided. His

FATHER
King of Denmark 1014-c.1018 King of Denmark 1018-1035 of Denmark son Cnut the Great acquired England in 1016, Denmark in 1018 and

FIRST
On 19 April 1101, persuaded by the envoys from Eric I of Denmark, Princess of Denmark Jarl of Skåne
King of England 1016-1035 Norway in 1028. He died in 1035 and his realm was again divided, but his

IMPROVING
Pope Paschal II confirmed the "cult of Canute" that had arisen, and King of Norway 1028-1035 successor in Denmark, Harthacnut, inherited England in 1040 and ruled it
King Canute IV was canonized. He was the first Dane to be canonized. until his death. At the height of his power, when Cnut ruled all three
10 July is recognised by the Catholic Church as his feast day. In kingdoms (1028–1035), he was the most powerful ruler in western Europe
Pope Gregory VII
OF KINGS
Sweden and Finland he is historically, however, partially associated

MEDIEVAL KING
after the Holy Roman Emperor.
with St. Knut's Day, which in reality was celebrated in the memory of

DENMARK
the death of his nephew, Canute Lavard. Hildebrand of
In 1300, his remains and those of his brother Benedict were interred in Sovana
Saint Canute's Cathedral, built in his honour, where his remains are on King Sweyn died at the royal estate Søderup, 10 kilometres One of the legacies of King Sweyn was a fundamental change in Danish society which
display. c.1015-1085 (6.2 mi) west of Åbenrå at the Little Belt strait. The Danish had been based on whether a person was free or a bondsman. Sweyn is often considered
He fought no major wars and spent his energy improving
the few things that lay in his purview. He is best known for The document of his donation to Lund Cathedral was the oldest
Bishop of Rome 1073-1085 chronicles inaccurately date his death to 1074, but it is
known that he received and answered letters in 1075 and
to be Denmark's last Viking king as well as the first medieval one. A strengthened church
in alliance with the land-owning noble families begin to pit their power against the royal
House
he is perhaps best known
improving and standardizing Danish coinage, and
established mints at Ribe, Viborg, Lund, and Schleswig. He
comprehensive text from Denmark, and provided broad insights into
Danish post-Viking Age society. The donation might have had the aim for the part he played in the
died in 1076. The king's body was carried to Roskilde family. The peasants were left to fend for themselves. of Munsö
Cathedral where he was interred in a pillar of the choir next
instituted public use of the Royal forests. Harald also of establishing the Danish Archdiocese of Lund according to Sweyn II Investiture Controversy, his dispute to the remains of Bishop Vilhelm (who was the actual Sweyn built a strong foundation for royal power through cooperation with the church. He House of Fairhair Salian
sought to change Danish legal customs. Harald deplored Estridsson's wishes, which was finally achieved in 1104. Canute's son with Emperor Henry IV. Sweyn person who died in 1074). Later he was called the "father
the ancient customs of trial by combat and the jernbyrd trial Carl became Count of Flanders from 1119 to 1127, ruling as Charles seems to have been able to of kings" because five of his fifteen sons became kings of
completed the final partition of Denmark into dioceses by corresponding directly with the
pope, bypassing the Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen. During his reign hundreds of small Fairhair dynasty dynasty
by ordeal of holding red-hot iron bars, and introduced a the Good. Like his father, Charles was slain in a church by rebels (in read and write, and was described Denmark. wooden churches were built throughout the kingdom; many were rebuilt in stone in the
system used by the English of calling upon honorable men Bruges, 1127), and later beatified by the Catholic church. According to 12th century. Sweyn sought to create a Nordic Archbishopric under Danish rule, a feat
to swear oaths on behalf of the parties in a trial. He Niels Lund, Lecturer in Medieval History at the University of as an especially educated He was the last Viking ruler of Denmark and an ancestor of which his son Eric I accomplished.
allegedly continued Sweyn's policy of requesting the Pope Copenhagen, Canute's abortive invasion of England "marked the end monarch by his personal friend all subsequent Danish kings. The remains of other Danish
to grant a Danish Archbishopric, but was not successful. of the Viking Age." Pope Gregory VII. kings are also entombed in Roskilde Cathedral. According Sweyn seems to have been able to read and write, and was described as an especially
to the saga, Sweyn's mother was entombed inside a pillar educated monarch by his personal friend Pope Gregory VII. He is the source of much of
across from the chapel. our current knowledge about Denmark and Sweden in the 9th and 10th centuries, having
told the story of his ancestry to historian Adam of Bremen around 1070.
8 Gyda 7 6
c.1047 of Sweden
Sweyn II Magnus Henry III Gunhilda
Concubines, might be one or might be as many as seventeen, nobody knows. 1st wife

???? ????-c.1048 1035 Harthacnut Jelling Jelling

Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Gunnhildr 1050 2nd wife Estridsson 3rd wife
Tora Queen consort Olafsson «the Black» of Denmark c.1018-1042 dynasty dynasty
Sveinsdóttir c.1019-1076 concubine Unknown Torbergsdatter
of Denmark
c.1024-1047 1016-1056 c.1020-1038
Concubine Concubine Concubine Concubine Concubine Concubine Concubine Concubine Holy Roman Empress

SAINT
????-???? ????-???? ????-???? ????-???? ????-???? ????-???? ????-???? ????-c.1060 King of Denmark 1047-1076 1025-???? King of Norway 1035-1047 Holy Roman Emperor 1046-1056 Queen Consort of the King of Denmark 1035-1042
????-???? King of Denmark 1042-1047
King of England 1042-1047
King of the Romans 1028-1056
King of Burgundy 1039-1056
Romans King of England 1040-1042

None King of Italy 1039-1056

Hardrada
dynasty CANUTE 11 1
None

1
B
U
m m
O D m
C
C
M
m
C
w
w w
PILGRIMAGE TO ERIC’S MEMORIAL Pope Paschal II
Ranierius
STONE
w O
O A
C
w
m m
K C
C
mE
C
w S K
Vw
D m

D w
w C
P P
H w
Sw
w
D
m
House
of Stenkil
TO THE HOLY LAND
King Eric announced at the Viborg assembly that he had decided to go on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. The cause, according to
Memorial stone in Borgvold, Viborg, Denmark.
c.1050-1118
Bishop of Rome 1099-1118
During the long struggle of
the papacy with the Holy Roman
Danmarks Riges Krønike, was the murder of four of his own men[clarification needed] while drunk at a feast in his own hall. emperors over investiture, Paschal
m B Despite the pleas of his subjects, he would not be deterred. Eric appointed his son, Harald Kesja, and Bishop Asser as regents. II zealously carried on the
w S C C Hildebrandine policy in favor of
w m Eric and Boedil and a large company traveled through Russia to Constantinople where he was a guest of the emperor. While papal privilege. On 19 April 1101,
there, he became ill, but took ship for Cyprus anyway. He died at Paphos, Cyprus in July 1103. The queen had him buried there.
He was the first king to go on pilgrimage after Jerusalem was conquered during the First Crusade. Queen Boedil also became ill, persuaded by the envoys from
but made it to Jerusalem where she died. She was buried at the foot of the Mount of Olives in the Valley of Josaphat. Eric I of Denmark, Pope Paschal II
Saint confirmed the "cult of Canute"
11 9 10 14 12 that had arisen, and King Canute IV
Unknown Unknown was canonized.
Olaf III Ingerid Olaf I Ingegerd Harald III Margareta Canute IV Adela Niels I Margaret Sweyn Florine Eric I
Concubine Concubine

1067 c.1067 ???? 1080 1157 ???? Concubine Concubine

of Norway of Denmark of Denmark of Norway of Denmark Hasbjörnsdatter of Denmark of Flanders of Denmark Fredkulla the Crusader of Burgundy ????-???? Unknown Concubine
of Denmark 1st wife 1157 Boedil ????-????
c.1050-1093 ????-a.1093 c.1050-1095 c.1046-c.1120 c.1040-1080 b.1076-a.1080 c.1042-1086 c.1064-1115 c.1065-1134 c.1080-1130 c.1050-1097 1083-1097 Concubine c.1060-1103 Thurgotsdatter
Queen consort Queen consort Queen consort Queen consort Queen consort Crusader
King of Norway 1067-1093 of Norway King of Denmark 1086-1095 of Denmark King of Denmark 1076-1080 of Denmark King of Denmark 1080-1086 of Denmark King of Denmark 1104-1134 of Denmark ????-???? King of Denmark 1095-1103 ????-1103

CANUTE
Earl of Jutland 1080-1095 Queen consort
of Denmark

CIVIL WAR
Rurik
CANONIZATION
None None None

6 dynasty

OF 1134 O P
C
R m E
V D m
THE 1136 BALTIC
CRUSADE OF RÜGEN
w S A
H m B m B A m
A

FAMINE IN
Hardrada
dynasty

DENMARK
O w
m A
A H D m R K
m w 14a 13 15 Malmfred
c.1116
w Magnus I Richeza Hakon Ragnhild Ragnild Harald Canute Ingeborg Eric II
1st wife
of Kiev
w the Strong 1127
of Poland Sunnivasson ????
of Denmark Magnusdotter 1248
Kesja Lavard 1116
of Kiev of Denmark Thunna c.1095-a.1137
w Concubine Queen consort
w w 1106-1134 1116-1156 ????-???? ????-???? ???-??? c.1080-1135 1096-1131 ????-???? c.1090-1137 Concubine of Denmark
S Queen consort Princess of Queen consort Duke in Southern Jutland Duchess consort
m King of Götaland or Sweden 1120-1132 of Sweden Denmark of Denmark Regent of Denmark 1103-1104 Duke of Schleswig King of Denmark 1154-1182 ????-????
m C O Co-King of Denmark 1134-1134 Anti-King of Denmark Duke in Southern Jutland 1152-1154
w m H
m C A m w None
m m w G
m
C C S G mm
D m 6
ABDICATION OF
m E

DENMARK TRIPARTITION OF
House
THE KING Hardrada
DENMARK
of Sverker

C
E
A
w
w
H
D
A
S
dynasty
ZENITH
V m w V m G w w
Sw
w
w
C
w
V m
w
E
C
m
V m
w H Sw m w G m
D V m S w K

MURDER OF CANUTE
D m m Sw
K V m w D m D m w G m H
w m m m D m m
w m
K V m S Sw w m

THE HOLY
18 16 19 17 S A R A Sw
w C
Canute V Helen Lutgard Eric III Magnus IV Christina Valdemar I Sophia Sweyn III Adela m w B R
c.1156 1143 c.1132
of Denmark of Sweden of Salzwedel of Denmark of Norway of Denmark of Denmark 1157
of Minsk of Denmark 1152
of Meissen V
m
m
m B G
O
H w
Sw
m
m
m
B C A B c.1115-1139 c.1118-1139
c.1129-1157 c.1130-??? c.1110-1152 c.1120-1146 1131-1182 ????-1198 c.1125-1157 ????-1181 G Sw m w w w
Queen consort Queen consort Queen consort Queen consort Queen consort mw w w m
King of Denmark 1146-1157 of Denmark of Denmark King of Denmark 1137-1146 King of Norway 1130-1135 of Norway King of Denmark 1154-1182 of Denmark King of Denmark 1146-1157 of Denmark
King of Norway 1137-1139 Duke in Southern Jutland 1152-1154

Wa a Dan h p e a e who

FREDERICK
None None None e ed a a hb hop o

2 Lund om 1178 un h
dea h He wa he o emo
po an and hu h a he

BARBAROSSA
o Denma and wa ad o
o K ng Va dema He wa
a e gu e n he e o a
e pan on n he Ba Sea
Portuguese Em B m C w m Eu opean a on n o e
B m C m w m
House House House of C m m m w House e a on h p w h he Ho See
C w B A m and e o m n he e a on
of Eric of Přemyslid Burgundy C C m H m D m m of Capet be ween he Chu h and
H R m Em m m he pub

21 20
Pope Urban IV
Eric X Richeza Dagmar Valdemar II Berengaria Canute VI Gertrude Ingeborg Philip Augustus II
Jacques Pantaléon
c.1195-1264
of Sweden
1219-1259
1210
of Denmark
c.1180-1220
of Bohemia
c.1186-1212
1205 1st wife
of Denmark
1170-1241
2nd wife1214
of Portugal
c.1198-1221
5 of Denmark
c.1163-1202
1177
of Bavaria
c.1152-1197
of Denmark
1174-1237
1193 2nd wife
of France
1165-1223
Bishop of Rome 1261-1264 Queen consort Queen consort Queen consort Queen consort Queen consort
King of Sweden 1252-1259 of Sweden of Denmark King of Denmark 1202-1241 of Denmark King of Denmark 1182-1202 of Denmark of France King of the Franks
He became involved in the (King of France) 1179-1223

CODE OF
affairs of Denmark. Archbishop
of Lund wanted to make the
Danish Church independent of
the Royal power. The Pope agreed None None

JUTLAND
to several items that the Queen
Margaret wanted. He issued a
House
LIST OF ALL
dispensation to alter the Danish
succession that would permit of Eric
women to inherit the Danish throne. K V m m O w m w m w
w m w m w

THE MONARCS
m D m V
Portuguese
House of 2 K V m
w
m
m wm
w
m
S
w
w D m
S

ERIC IV’S
m m w w m C w
Burgundy m V C V m V m w w Q D m R
NAME OF THE MONARCH HOUSE OR DYNASTY REGNAL DATES
1 Gorm the Old / Gorm den Gam e House of Gorm c.936-c.958 ABEL BY NAME, REGICIDE
2 Harald I Bluetooth / Hara d B åtand House of Gorm c.958-c.985 CAIN BY HIS DEEDS Matilda Abel Valdemarsen
24
Eleanor Valdemar
22
Christopher I
25
Margaret Eric IV
23
Jutta
E
O w
m
m
E
R
m H
G m

2
w w H D A S w m
E Vw A m G m 1237 1248 1248 1239 G S w
m S E of Holstein of Denmark of Portugal the Young of Denmark Sambiria of Denmark of Saxony m w G m m
3 Sweyn I Forkbeard / Svend Tveskæg House of Gorm 986-1014 A
D
w m w
D
c.1220-1288 1218-1252 c.1211-1231 c.1209-1231 1219-1259 c.1230-1282 c.1216-1250 c.1223-1267 m
m
w w
m
Queen consort Queen consort Queen consort of Queen consort
w w K E w m King of Denmark 1250-1252 King of Denmark 1252-1259 King of Denmark 1252-1259 Denmark King of Denmark 1232-1250 of Denmark S w w w
of Denmark of Denmark W K E w m G m
A m C D A K Duke of Estonia 1250-1252 Duke consort of Estonia 1252-1259 Duke consort of Estonia 1252-1259 Regent of Denmark Duke of Estonia 1232-1250
Duke of Schleswig 1232-1252 Duchess of Estonia Duke of Schleswig 1216-1232 w O w
Harald II Svendsen House of Gorm 1014-c.1018 ww E w

JUNIOR
4 m S m w m
None D m
A S w w S B C
R
Cnut the Great / Knud den Store House of Gorm 1019-1035
KING
5

ERIC V’S
E A w w A Boetius was a follower of
w m W A m
w H w D m Aristotle and Averroes. He
C wrote on logic, natural

Harthacnut / Hardeknud House of Gorm 1035-1042 philosophy, metaphysics, and

REIGN
6 Pope Boniface VIII ethics, though some of his
Benedetto Caetani House works have not survived. His
central position was that
1230-1303 of Sverre philosophy had to follow where
7 Magnus the Good / Magnus den Gode House of Fa rha r 1042-1047 Bishop of Rome 1294-1303
A K E V
K Sm
w
H w the arguments led, regardless
of their conflict with religious
The king Erick IV ordered Bishop w w P B
D m w faith. For him, philosophy was
Jens' arrest in 1294. The pope D æ D the supreme human activity,
8 Sweyn II Estridsson / Svend Estr dsen House of Estr dsen 1047-1076 immediately excommunicated the
king and put all of Denmark under
M C
m
w m
w K
and in this world only
philosophers attained wisdom.
interdict. Promising to do whatever N C D m
the pope said, King Erik humbled H w m K E
w
himself in public. Pope Boniface 26
9 Harald III the Soft / Hara d Hén House of Estr dsen 1076-1080 VIII agreed to reduce the fine by Margaret Eric I Bernhard I
w m m
80%, interdict and excommunication of Rugia c.1259
of Schleswig Sophie
2 THE KING WHO
Eric V Agnes of
5
Sophia Valdemar
4
Ingeborg Magnus VI
1319
were lifted and Archbishop Jens of Anhalt 1258
of Denmark of Denmark 1273
Brandenburg of Denmark 1260
of Sweden of Denmark 1260
of Norway
accepted another papal c.1247-1272 c.1242-1272 Bernburg
10 Canute IV the Holy / Knud den He ge House of Estr dsen 1080-1086 Duchess consort Duke of Schleswig c.1272-1308 1249-1286 c.1257-1304 1241-1286 1280-1321 1244-1287 1280-1321
assignment. c.1218-1287

MORTGAGED
Princess of Queen consort Queen consort Queen consort

FAMINE
Prince of Anhalt- Denmark King of Denmark 1259-1286 of Denmark of Sweden King of Sweden 1250-1275 of Norway King of Norway 1250-1275
Bernburg Duke consort of Estonia 1271-1286
House
11 Olaf I Hunger / O uf Hunger House of Estr dsen 1086-1095

Eric I Evergood / Er k E egod House of Estr dsen 1095-1103

DENMARK TO of Bjelbo m

V
D m

A m
w

D
m
E
C
w
m

6
THE GERMANS
12 w House
w m w m E w
w m mG m of Sverre
R w
13 Harald Kesja (ant -k ng) House of Estr dsen 1103-1104 m C
m
w
D U
m
w
w

D m m m
w m G m m
Elisabeth of Valdemar IV
14 Niels House of Estr dsen 1104-1134 Saxe-Lauenburg 1287
of Schleswig
c.1274-b.1306 c.1262-1312
Duchess consort Duke of Schleswig
14a Magnus Nielsen (co-k ng) House of Estr dsen 1134-1134
28 31 27
15 Eric II the Memorable / Er k Emune House of Estr dsen 1134-1137 Bernhard II Helene Nicholas II Richiza Birger Martha Christopher II Euphemia Eric VI Ingeborg
of Anhalt
Bernburg
1302
of Rügen
c.1270-1315
of Werle
b.1275-1316
1292
of Denmark
c.1272-1308
of Sweden
1280-1321
1302
of Denmark
1277-1341
of Denmark
1276-1332
1300
of Pomerania
1285-1330
of Denmark
1274-1319
1296
Magnusdotter
1277-1319
3
16 Eric III Lamb / Er k Lam House of Estr dsen 1137-1146 c.1260-1323 Princess of Lord of Werle Lady of Werle Queen consort Queen consort Queen consort
Prince of Anhalt- Anhalt-Bernburg King of Sweden 1290-1318 of Sweden King of Denmark 1320-1326 of Denmark King of Denmark 1286-1319 of Denmark
Bernburg King of Denmark 1329-1332 Duke of Estonia 1286-1319
Duke of Estonia 1320-1326
17 Sweyn III Grathe / Svend Grathe House of Estr dsen 1146-1157
Adelaide of Eric II
18 Canute V / Knud 5. House of Estr dsen 1146-1157
Holstein
Rendsburg
1313
of Schleswig
c.1290-1325
4 14
????-1350 Duke of Schleswig
Duchess consort

19 Valdemar I the Great / Va demar den Store House of Estr dsen 1154-1182

20 Canute VI / Knud 6. House of Estr dsen 1170-1202

Valdemar II the Victorious / Va demar Se r House of Estr dsen 1202-1241

MORTAGE
OF DENMARK
21

BLACK
30 33 29 32
22 Valdemar the Young / Va demar den Unge House of Estr dsen 1215-1231 Bernhard III Gerhard III Elizabeth m
U K C
K V
D m
m V
w w
Valdemar III Richardis Agnes Sophia Valdemar IV Helvig Eric
4
m D m m w w
of Denmark 1338
of Schwerin of Saxony 1328 of Anhalt of Werle 1417 of Holstein of Denmark 1340
of Schleswig Christoffersen 1315 of Holstein H w m w

DEATH
1314-1364 1320-1374 b.1310-1338 Bernburg ????-1339 Rendsburg 1320-1375 1320-1374 c.1307-c.1332 Rendsburg mK V m K
23 Eric IV Ploughpenny / Er k P ovpenn ng House of Estr dsen 1232-1250 Duchess consort Princess of ????-1348 Countess of c.1292-1340 Queen consort c.1300-b.1340
N w
m
mm
King of Denmark 1326-1329 Anhalt-Bernburg Prince of Anhalt- Holstein- Count of Holstein- King of Denmark 1340-1375 of Denmark King of Denmark 1321-1326 Queen consort w m m
Duke of Schleswig 1326-1329 Bernburg Rendsburg Rendsburg Duke of Estonia 1340-1346 King of Denmark 1329-1332 of Denmark
Duke of Schleswig 1330-1364 V m R w B D m
24 Abel House of Estr dsen 1250-1252 Duke of Estonia 1326-1329
Duke of Estonia 1338-1340
w C
mw
C w V m
S
D m
w w w
m
None Ø H w D mC V m

25 Christopher I / Chr stoffer 1. House of Estr dsen 1252-1259

2 w
S
E
C
H W
w
W m
K
m
w
m
K
E
w D m
A w w m
D
R
w
w
w
P
w

D m m m w % %
V m D E w w D m C w w m m
m m D m w w m m w V m m
26 Eric V Klipping / Er k K pp ng House of Estr dsen 1259-1286 m
w
H
m N
m
w
m
w

House of House A V
D m
m V
V m V m w U
Bjelbo of Bjelbo P w E S w
27 Eric VI Menved / Er k Menved House of Estr dsen 1286-1319 V
H w
m w m m w
m
P
m H w m K H S
m m H w P C m V

Christopher II / Chr stoffer 2. House of Estr dsen 1320-1326

RIKSRÅD
28 U V m m
V C m H B
V m m w H m
V
35
Eric / Er k Chr stoffersen House of Estr dsen 1321-1326
COUNCIL OF THE REALM
29 G w w m m w V m
Magnus II Catherine Henry II Ingeborg of Haakon VI Margaret I
w mm m

4 Ingeborg Henry III w H

of Brunswick 1356 of Anhalt of Holstein 1366
Mecklenburg of Norway 1359
of Denmark 1362
w B V m w
Lüneburg Bernburg Rendsburg of Denmark of Mecklenburg G m D m w
30 Valdemar III / Va demar 3. House of Estr dsen 1326-1329 R N w Sw R D E C R m 1398-1436 1340-1380 1353-1412 1347-1370 c.1337-1383
C S m m P C m c.1234-1373 c.1328-1373 c.1317-c.1384 Countess of W m V m w m
S w m M A Duchess consort Count of Holstein- Holstein- King of Norway 1343-1380 Queen regnant of Denmark 1387-1412 Duchess of Mecklenburg Duke of Mecklenburg m N C
N w C R m R w D Duke of Brunswick- Rendsburg King of Sweden 1362-1364 Queen regnant of Norway 1388-1412 m V m
N w Sw C m Lüneburg Rendsburg
Queen consort of Norway 1363-1380 S Sw w
31 Christopher II / Chr stoffer 2. House of Estr dsen 1329-1332 m m C D m m m
Queen regnant of Sweden 1389-1412
Queen consort of Sweden 1363-1364
m m m m
w m w D
32 Eric / Er k Chr stoffersen House of Estr dsen 1329-c.1331/2 C
R m
m
w
w w
m m m S w m
U
m w w m m m m
m m
Interregnum (1332-1340) A w w
m M mw w
w m m
S w w w
w w C
Pope Clement VI House of
33 Valdemar IV Atterdag / Va demar Atterdag House of Estr dsen 1340-1375 H w w
w m
w
m
æ
w
Pierre Roger Pomerania
w S m m D
m w m D w 1342-1352
34 Olaf II / O uf 2. House of B e bo 1376-1387 Bishop of Rome 1342-1352

KALMAR
m w w N m w m m m m
m w w m N w m Around 1346 Valdemar IV initiated a
crusade against Lithuania.
Franciscan chronicler Detmar von
34
Margaret I / Margrete 1. House of Estr dsen 1387-1412 w w m m Lübeck noted that Valdemar IV

UNION
35 H w m
m m
m
w m m
m traveled to Lübeck in 1346, then
Catherine Elisabeth Gerhard VI Olaf II of
m w turned to Prussia together with
of Brunswick 1391 of Holstein Denmark Maria of
w A m w Eric II of Saxony in order to fight
the Lithuanians. However, the Rendsburg Wartislaw VII Mecklenburg
36 Eric VII / Er k af Pommern House of Pomeran a 1412-1439 c.1367-a.1423 1370-1387 of Pomerania 1380
w R w D m D w crusade against the Lithuanians
Countess of c.1367-1404 K m U
K m
D N w
U C m
Sw
w
K m
Schwerin
w mm D m S w H came to nothing, instead Valdemar Holstein- Count of Holstein- King of Denmark 1376-1387 c.1398-1440
m D m S w mm w went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem Rendsburg Rendsburg King of Norway 1380-1387 S K m Sw m
Duke of Pomerania c.1363-1402
House of Pa at nate m
w w
S w m
m
w
D C w (without Papal permission). He m
m m
N w
D m Sw
w N w
Duchess of
37 Christopher III / Chr stoffer af Bayern 1440-1448 R succeeded and was made a G
Pomerania

Neumarkt Knight of the Holy Sepulchre in

honor of his accomplishment. He
N O S
w w
was censured by Pope Clement m H w
38 Christian I House of O denburg 1448-1481 VI for not getting prior approval
for such a journey. V
m
K Sw
w mm m
m
G
S m m Sw m
K m U m D w Sw
M m
39 John / Hans House of O denburg 1481-1513
House of
40 Christian II House of O denburg 1513-1523 House of House of
Plantagenet
Oldenburg Palatinate

41 Frederick I House of O denburg 1523-1533

Interregnum (1533-1534)
UNIVERSITY OF
36
Theoderic Helvig of John of Catherine Eric of Philippa
42 Christian III House of O denburg 1534-1559 of Oldenburg 1417
Schauenburg the Palatinate 1407
of Pomerania Pomerania 1406
of England
Château de Cayx c.1398-1440 1398-1436
COPENHAGEN c.1398-1440 c.1390-1426 c.1381-1459 c.1390-1426

PILGRIM OF
Count of Oldenburg Countess of Count Palatine Countess Palatine Countess Palatine
Château de Cayx is a residence of the King of Denmark 1396-1439
43 Frederick II House of O denburg 1559-1588 Danish Royal Family located in the wine
district of Cahors in southern France.
Oldenburg
C
U C
D m
w
mP S Vw m
D m
of Neumarkt of Neumarkt
King of Norway 1389-1442
King of Sweden 1396-1434
of Neumarkt

D m w R m C w D King of Sweden 1435-1436

JERUSALEM
The château was first fortified during the King of Sweden 1436-1439
fourteenth century. Since then it has been B Q D m
Duke of Pomerania-Stolp 1446-1459 None
Christian IV House of O denburg 1588-1648
SOUND
44 rebuilt and renovated several times. The
O O C D m w U
Lefrancs built the extensive wine cellars
under the château. C C w w
m P A w m
w w m m M K E w m m
The phylloxera infestation devastated the

DUES
A w K H S
45 Frederick III House of O denburg 1648-1670 vineyards during the late nineteenth
century, and the owners emigrated to Indo- m
m A
m
w
U
U
C
C
w
m
m w
m
m
C
w m
H
m A D
m
China. They did not return to Europe until Q P m mC
1955. In 1965 the family's heir, Henri Marie w w D
Jean André de Laborde de Monpezat, P K E m w S
46 Christian V House of O denburg 1670-1699 married Princess Margrethe, then heiress
presumptive to the Danish throne,
D Ø
m
w w
w B
becoming Prince Consort of Denmark after S S m K E
she succeeded to Denmark's throne. K w w S
S
47 Frederick IV House of O denburg 1699-1730 The royal couple purchased the château
and the estate in 1974. Since then they w m w
m
E w
m m
w
have renovated it extensively. According to D w m
the official website of the Danish monarchy, B w H w
the residence has become a "relaxed m w w w G m H
48 Christian VI House of O denburg 1730-1746 setting for reunions of the entire Danish
Royal Family and their French relatives". It
H
K E
H
w
H
w Q P
C
m
has been the setting for holiday photocalls 38 37
35
for the Danish Royal Family, including for
Prince Henrik's 80th birthday. Christian I Dorothea of Christopher III
Frederick V House of O denburg 1746-1766
RULING
49 1449 1445
of Denmark Brandenburg of Bavaria
PEASANT
The residence is not open to the public. A
guided tour of the gardens is available
during the summer. The château still 1426-1481 c.1430-1495 1416-1448
Duchess

DYNASTIES
produces wine. King of Denmark 1448-1481 King of Denmark 1440-1448
50 Christian VII House of O denburg 1766-1808 consort

REBELLIONS
King of Norway 1450-1481 Queen consort King of Norway 1442-1448
King of Sweden 1457-1464 of Denmark King of Sweden 1441-1448
Count of Oldenburg 1440-1450 Queen consort Count Palatine of Neumarkt 1443-1448
Count of Holstein-Rendsburg 1460-1474 of Norway
Duke of Holstein 1474-1481 None
51 Frederick VI House of O denburg 1808-1839 Duke of Schleswig 1460-1481
Queen consort
of Sweden A
O
w
w
N V w
m H R w
52 Christian VIII / Chr st an Freder ck House of O denburg 1839-1848 B
m w A
C
m
m R w
w m

House
53 Frederick VII / Freder k Car Chr st an House of O denburg 1848-1863 of Stuart

54 Christian IX House of G ücksburg 1863-1906

Frederick VIII / Chr st an Freder k
55 House of G ücksburg 1906-1912
V he m Car
HOUSE OF KNYTLINGA
39 41
Christian X / Chr st an Car Freder k Christina John Sophie of Frederick I Anna of Margaret James III
56
A bert A exander V he m
House of G ücksburg 1912-1947 of Saxony 1478
of Denmark Pomerania 1514 2nd wife
of Denmark 1st wife 1502
Brandenburg 2 of Denmark 1469
of Scotland

57
Frederick IX / Chr st an Freder k Franz
M chae Car Va demar Georg
House of G ücksburg 1947-1972
c.1461-1521
Queen consort
of Denmark
Queen consort
of Norway
1455-1513
King of Denmark 1481-1513
King of Norway 1483-1513
King of Sweden 1497-1501
1498-1568
Queen consort
of Denmark
Queen consort
of Norway
1471-1533
King of Denmark 1523-1533
King of Norway 1524-1533
Duke of Holstein 1490-1533
1487-1514
Duchess
consort
1456-1486
Queen consort
of Scotland
c.1451-1488
King of Scots 1460-1488
Duke of Rothesay 1451-1460
HOUSE OF GORM
D H K E H C D w M
Queen consort Duke of Holstein 1482-1513 Duke of Schleswig 1490-1533 A S E m m w C G w m
Margrethe II / Margrethe A exandr ne of Sweden Duke of Schleswig 1482-1513
H
O
H
m m
H
wC
S K
Sw H
H
B
C
House of G ücksburg 1972-present
6 ORDER OF THE
58 H D m H G m
Þórh dur Ingr d House U H B m m
m m D m w N w m m

ELEPHANT
of Stuart m
K
w
m
m
D m
N w U H

AD H K w D m E
A w H D m E
House O E D E D N w A C G w w N m

CIVIL
D m E K w
of Habsburg m w m
m

LEGAL REFORMS AND C C m

WAR S H m m
AD
m
w
C
w
V
m m
M
D
S w
w
w

m
w
M

m
G

C m m m O A

DOWNFALL OF CHRISTIAN II
S C m R m m
40 42 A m m S w w w
R w mm C w H m
Isabella Christian II Christian III Dorothea of
5 1
S w w m R w m P G m w w m
1514 1525 w m D m K C V
D C V N w m m m H m
of Austria of Denmark of Denmark Saxe-Lauenburg m C m
w
m
m C m m
w A
w
D m R
w
m Q M A D m E m w w m 1501-1526 1481-1559 1503-1559 1511-1571 H w
m
G M
R O m w m
w
P R m D D m S m C w w w w Queen consort Queen consort
w w w w of Denmark King of Denmark 1513-1523 King of Denmark 1534-1559 of Denmark W m C S H m m
m w w m w Queen consort King of Norway 1513-1523 King of Norway 1537-1559 Queen consort P Sw G V G mm w
w w w w of Norway King of Sweden 1520-1521 Duke of Holstein 1523-1559 of Norway m S H S m w
m w w m m m Queen consort Duke of Holstein 1513-1523 Duke of Schleswig 1523-1559 Sw m H C w w m w m
w w w of Sweden Duke of Schleswig 1513-1523 D w
R m m C C m Ø m
B C w m D m m w
6 C C M m C w m
m E
m w

HOUSE OF
H C w w Sw H w A m C W C w m
D w Sw w D m D m C D m R m C D m w
O V D w C D
H m m D m A C D m
O M V

FAIRHAIR
PATRON OF mm w
N w
H
H
H
æ w m
w
H
N w w
N w
w

SCIENCE
m w w
m m w w H G
m m w

CHRISTIAN III’S
m Y

w m
w w w

SWORD OF STATE
m E m H mm m U
C m m

NORWEGIAN
43 B

Frederick II Sophie of V
m S w U
w C w m S m of Denmark 1572 Mecklenburg
4
ISSUE
m V w B
m
w m
w w
m P
1534-1588 Güstrow m w P w
1557-1631 E
D m
m
m
King of Denmark 1559-1588 Queen consort
King of Norway 1559-1588 of Denmark
C V m m m N w Duke of Holstein 1559-1588 Queen consort
O m O m m Duke of Schleswig 1559-1588 of Norway A B
N w H m m w H m m m w
H m m
m K m R m m m
w m E H m m m
A w N w m m Was a Danish astronomer,
m — B known for his accurate and
comprehensive astronomical
W w A P D m observations. Born in Scania,

CROWN OF
O mm m m w wm which became part of Sweden
E B H w wD
m m mm m w in the next century, Tycho was
well known in his lifetime as
C N w mm m House an astronomer, astrologer, and
Gråsten Palace

CHRISTIAN IV HOUSE OF
K H w
w O A w of Stuart alchemist. He has been
described as "the first competent
Gråsten Palace is the second summer
ww E O residence of the Danish royal family. It is
m m m m w mind in modern astronomy to located in Gråsten in the Jutland region of
w A w C feel ardently the passion for southern Denmark. The main house has a

ESTRIDEN
The crown was fashioned by Dirich Fyring (1580-1603) at V H exact empirical facts". modern, all-white facade, with Venetian
Odense assisted by the Nuremberg goldsmith Corvinianus w w wA w doors opening onto sweeping, manicured
Saur during the years 1595-1596 for the coronation of w H m lawns and gravel walkways. The grounds
Christian IV. It is made of gold, enamel, table cut gemstones w A m include a huge stables court. Known for the
and pearls and weighs 2895 g. m w w C setting for holiday photocalls for the
extended Danish Royal Family and H E w D m m
descendant of Queen Ingrid. m E S m m U E
The circlet is ornamented with six sets of table cut diamonds 44 U E Sw
between two large round pearls with enameled putti on either m m m m D m m
side. Between each of these sets are star-like ornaments of Christian IV Anne Catherine Anne James I
5
m E
triangular and square table cut diamonds. On the upper rim Kirsten Munk 1615 2nd wife
of Denmark 1st wife 1597
of Brandenburg of Denmark 1597
of England
CHRISTIAN IV’S
of the circlet are six large and six small arabesque-like points.
At the center of each of the larger points is an enameled 1598-1658 R C D m w m D
allegorical figure of one of the king's ruling functions and 1577-1648 1575-1612 1574-1619 1577-1648 m G m O O m
virtues. The three points above the king's forehead and Queen consort
King of Denmark 1588-1648 of Denmark King of Scotland 1567-1625
behind each of his ears bears a "pelican in her piety." The King of Norway 1588-1648 King of England and Ireland 1603-1625

ACCOLADE SWORD
point on the right of the king's forehead bears a Queen consort
Count of Holstein-Pinneberg 1640-1640 of Norway Duke of Rothesay 1566-1567
representation of Fortitude riding a lion, while that on the left Duke of Holstein 1588-1648 Duke of Albany 1567-1567
bears the image of Justice as a woman holding a sword and Duke of Schleswig 1588-1648
a pair of scales. The point above the back of the king's neck

12
bears the traditional image of Charity as a mother suckling
A Sw w m U her child. On the inside these points are decorated with the
A O w m coats of arms of various regions of the realm. The six smaller
C V points each bears a star-like design in triangular and square House

LEX REGIA
m w
of Stuart
O w w w
m C V m
m m m m

KING’S LAW
w w w m

The King's Law (Danish: Kongeloven) or Lex Regia also called the Danish Royal Law of 1665) was the
absolutist constitution of Denmark and Norway from 1665 until 1849 and 1814, respectively. It established
complete hereditary (agnatic-cognatic primogeniture) and absolute monarchy and formalized the king's
ABSOLUTE
MONARCHY HOUSE OF
absolute power, and is regarded the most sovereign form of all the European expressions of absolutism.
Danish professor in legal history of the University of Copenhagen, Jens Chr. V. Johansen, asserts that with
Europe's least circumscribed form of absolutism, Denmark "may be considered the most absolute of all the
absolute European monarchies". It is the only formal constitution of any absolute monarchy, and has

BJELBO
therefore been the subject of considerable historical and academic attention. mm
D m w m m
The King's Law comprises 40 articles and is divided into seven main chapters. Articles 1 to 7 determine the 45 m m m m H m

AMPULLA OF
royal absolute power, and the following articles contain rules on the king's authority and guardianship, on the
Frederick III Sophie Amalie m m R

GLOBUS 6
king's accession and anointment, on the indivisibility of the kingdoms, on princes and princesses, on the
king's duty to maintain absolute monarchy, and on the succession.
of Denmark 1643 of Brunswick E
m
m
D m A
w
S m
H B Sw B w H w

1609-1670 Calenberg E H m O Sw m m Sw

FREDERICK III
In Denmark the King's Law was replaced in 1849 by the Constitution of the Kingdom of Denmark (June m H æ m N w D m
constitution), although two Articles of the King's Law is still applicable; firstly Article 21, requiring the King's 1628-1685

CRUCIGER
permission for the departure and marriage of princes and princesses. And secondly Article 25, according to King of Denmark 1648-1670 Queen consort D w wm w H m

SEPTER OF
it, princes and princesses of the blood can only be criminally persecuted on the king's orders. King of Norway 1648-1670 of Denmark w w N wm m m w w mm Sw w m
Count of Oldenburg 1667-1670 Queen consort m w m H S K G m m m
The King's Law was read aloud during the king's coronation and anointment, but not published until 1709. Duke of Holstein 1648-1670 of Norway Am w m M m m
Two original copies are currently accessible to the public; one at the Danish National Archives, and one at Duke of Schleswig 1648-1670 w m w m K R w w P m m H
The Globus cruciger symbolizes Christian world Rosenborg Castle (both in Copenhagen). The law at Rosenborg is Queen Margrethe II's private and is

FREDERICK III
Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden 1623-1629 m C U D m B w m B m w m
supremacy. It is a golden globe decorated with a stored in the treasury vault among the Danish Crown Regalia. Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden 1635-1644 w E M m B Ö S m M
band of enamel and diamonds. On top of this is A m

CASTRUM
Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen 1635-1645 m m E m m m m m m m w w
a half-circle of enamel and diamonds. It is w m m G Sw m m m
topped by a diamond-studded cross. It was w w M m w
made in Hamburg for the coronation of C R m
Frederick III in 1648. w m w C

DOLORIS
m
m m N R
m w m m D E m E E E C

CORONATION
House of m w w R B D B N w
Palatinate House E
m D
w
E
w
R
w
m
mm
m
Castrum doloris (Latin for castle of grief) is a name for the structure and Was a Danish astronomer
decorations sheltering or accompanying the catafalque or bier that signify the Zweibrücken of Stuart w m w m D

CHAIR OF DENMARK
prestige or high estate of the deceased and is a ceremony largely unchanged who, in 1676, made the first w E R B D w
since introduced at the burial of Frederick III in 1670. A castrum doloris might quantitative measurements of B E w B V D
feature an elaborate baldachin and would include candles, possibly flowers, and in the speed of light. Rømer also
most cases coats of arms, epitaphs and possibly allegorical statues. Many invented the modern
extensive castra doloris can be traced to the customs of 17th century and 18th C C R C
thermometer showing the
century or even earlier, since the funeral arrangements of Sigismund II Augustus C C D m D N w D m
temperature between two m D m
included a castrum doloris in 1570s.
fixed points, namely the
points at which water A C C m m
respectively boils and freezes. mN w w B
46

DANSKE
In scientific literature, w m m w K m
Charles XI Ulrika Eleonora Christian V Charlotte Amalie George Anne alternative spellings such as

5
C C C R C
1680 1667 1683 "Roemer", "Römer", or "Romer"
of Sweden of Denmark of Denmark of Hesse-Kassel of Denmark of Great Britain are common. w m D m N w K

LOV
1655-1697 1656-1693 1646-1699 1650-1714 1653-1708 1671-1730 C C w m w

CROWN OF HOUSE OF
Queen consort Queen consort Consort of the B G D K C V
King of Sweden 1660-1697 of Sweden King of Denmark 1670-1699 of Denmark British monarch Queen of England and Scotland 1702-1707 w
Duke of Bremen 1660-1697 King of Norway 1670-1699 Queen consort Duke of Cumberland Queen of Ireland 1702-1714
Duke of Verden 1660-1697 Count of Oldenburg 1670-1699 of Norway Queen of Great Britain 1707-1714 B C C w B S m

POMERANIA
D E D C D m m Duke of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 1681-1697 Duke of Holstein 1670-1699 Lord High Admiral 1708-1708 w w K

CRISTIAN V
D E w m m w Duke of Schleswig 1670-1699
mm w m C N w M m w

w w w
N w C

w
w m

w
E
E
G m R
D

w
C D C

House of 17 w
w
m
w
w
m A
w
w
m
m

D
H G
P m
G
m
G m G P G
m G
D
w
G w
m D m m w m w C C Palatinate m m D W w w
m D m m w w w H w C C C w w C V W D P m G m m G
w w m m m m m Zweibrücken m w m w w E P m w m K m U D m Sw
C V m m m w w C C N w G P m w B wXV w Y W w
w m m m P m w B P Sw D A C
mm w D B wX G

PLAGUE
w
m w m
w w C V
THE GREAT Was a Danish cartographer

OF 1711
m C V
w m m and explorer in the Russian

NORTHERN WAR
m w Navy. He is known as a leader
C m m of two Russian expeditions
w w w m exploring the north. The Bering

COPENHAGEN
H m Strait, the Bering Sea, Bering
m P K C m C A
A w m w O w E A H Island, the Bering Glacier,
m w S P m w 47 m Vitus Lake and the Bering
w m Sw m V D m N w Anne Sophie 1721 3rd wife
Frederick IV Louise of C Land Bridge were all named in

7 FIRE OF 1728
w C m w G N W Sw
P w Reventlow of Denmark 1st wife 1695 Mecklenburg H his honor.
w w
w
Sw
D m
mE
w
w
1693-1743 Elisabeth Helene 1703 2nd wife
1671-1730 Güstrow
C mG
w
M S
m
D M
Sw
B
P
G
V
A
mm
D m
D
N w
von Vieregg King of Denmark 1699-1730
1667-1721
Queen consort
m 1679-1704 King of Norway 1699-1730 of Denmark
C
C D m
w
Sw m m w Count of Oldenburg 1699-1730 Queen consort O m
m w Sw D H G w Duke of Holstein 1699-1730 of Norway O m %

3
w m m D m m S w H B w Duke of Schleswig 1699-1730 m m m

HOUSE OF
m H % m
O A R W D m N %

1
m K m B w M A w
w m m w C
w m w C V

PALATINATE-NEUMARKT
m w m C
A m
w w m

ORDER OF THE COMMON ANOINTING OF FREDERICK IV IN THE

m w A m w w
m m w w m
m w m O w P N m G m P N m w W G m
w w m w w E P w N m O

DANNEBORG SCHOOL SYSTEM CHAPEL OF FREDERICKSBORG PALACE

w U C
R m R G m P N m

THE QUEEN’S
m B O R m w P S mm P M w H

O D D D D P N m R m m w C
m m P m S C B w w K m D m
C VU m m m C w B G Y

CROWN
w m m m w m Sw N w
M Sm C m C w w
w W K m m B K w w m m w w
m m O E O w m W C P N m P
M w m P M N m
m m w m P N m w W W
G C mm m C w m m 48 Q C w m Q S M
w w m w D R H w E P
O w m R O
w
Christian VI Sophie Magdalene
O
m
D
w m
m
m m O
w
of Denmark
1699-1746
1721 of Brandenburg
Kulmbach 4 w
m
w w
mQ
w w w
S
m
Am w
A
m
S

ADSCRIPTION
m D m m
1700-1770 R w w V
w D King of Denmark 1730-1746 Queen consort
King of Norway 1730-1746 of Denmark
Count of Oldenburg 1730-1746 Queen consort

STAVNBÅND
Duke of Holstein 1730-1746 of Norway
Duke of Schleswig 1730-1746

C m w
m
D
m w
w
w
Fredensborg Palace
m
ww m Fredensborg Palace is a palace located on
w w m the eastern shore of Lake Esrum (Danish, Hermitage Lodge
D m C V Esrum Sø) in Fredensborg on the island of
Zealand (Sjælland) in Denmark. It is the The Eremitage Hunting Lodge is located in
w House of Danish Royal Family’s spring and autumn Dyrehaven north of Copenhagen,
residence, and is often the site of important
Hanover state visits and events in the Royal Family.
Denmark. It was built by architect Lauritz
de Thurah in Baroque style from 1734 to

HOUSE OF
It is the most used of the Royal Family’s 1736 for Christian VI of Denmark in order to
residences. host banquets during royal hunts in

A LIFESTYLE OF
Dyrehaven.

OLDENBURG
Never intended for residence, the

AGE OF
Eremitage was built as a setting for hosting
royal banquets during hunts in Dyrehaven,

DEBAUCHERY
which surrounds the building. It originally
featured a hoisting apparatus able to raise
49 the table from the basement to the dining H O G m w D m
Juliana Maria
ENLIGHTENMENT
room, allowing the king and his guests to D m G N w R Sw U K m
Frederick V Louise dine without any waiters present, or "en S w H O Q D m K N w m K
V
m w
m
w
w
m W
m
w
of Brunswick
Wolfenbüttel
1752 2nd wife
of Denmark
1749-1808
1st wife 1743
of Great Britain
1724-1751
2 ermitage" (in solitude), hence the name of
the castle. The apparatus was removed in
the late 18th century as it was causing A E m m E m w
G U K
B
m w
m m G

m K 1729-1796 Queen consort

endless mechanical problems, and no
signs of it remain. The previous building on
m m m E
m w C C O w K D m
m w w King of Denmark 1746-1766 of Denmark w E m
the site, the Hubertus Chalet, had a similar N w Sw D

ALCOHOLIC
K w R D K King of Norway 1746-1766 Queen consort m w
Count of Oldenburg 1746-1766 apparatus and was nicknamed m
D m N w m of Norway Heremitagen for the same reason. M m O w m
m w m m m Duke of Holstein 1746-1766 m
Duke of Schleswig 1746-1766 S m m w K V m Sw K
m w E V D m m Sw D m w

KING
E m w S R w
B m S m E m A m m w M D m
R D D M O mm H w S E m Sw
House of m m C m m O N w E V D m A D m S
C m m
A m m Schleswig Amalienborg Palace m S R
N w P M m
E m m w K m U H M w m
w m m w m m A N D D O
G M H E B H C S mm m m m Holstein Amalienborg Palace is the winter home of
E
w
w
R
XV
H O w m B
House of mm m
C
w
D m N w E
æ
Sonderburg the monarch, and is located in M w E m m Q A P G D m N w w
Copenhagen, Denmark. It consists of four w mm K w H H
Holstein
STRUENSEE :
w m
m
m
m R Sw w
S Y W Glücksburg identical classicizing palace façades with
rococo interiors around an octagonal
Gottorp m courtyard; in the centre of the square is a P w
monumental equestrian statue of m m M
Amalienborg's founder, King Frederik V.

CHRISTIAN VII’S
m E m
Amalienborg was originally built for four m m C C
noble families; however, when w A
Christiansborg Palace burnt down on 26 m m m mm m m
February 1794, the royal family bought the E m

PERSONNAL
palaces and moved in. Over the years

DIVORCE AND
various kings and their families have E m w
resided in the four different palaces. m m
50 Currently, the Queen herself resides in C m
Sophia Sophia Frederica Louise Christian IX's Palace and the Crown Prince

PHYSICIAN
w m m
Gustav III Frederick Christian VII Caroline Matilda Charles of in Frederik VIII's Palace. Christian VIII's

2 STRUENSEE
E m w m w
of Sweden 1766 Magdalena of Mecklenburg 1774 1766 of Denmark 1842 Palace has apartments for other members w m m w m
of Denmark Schwerin of Denmark of Denmark of Great Britain And Norway Hesse-Kassel of the royal family, whereas Christian VII's m m w
1746-1792 1753-1805 1749-1808 1751-1775 1744-1836 Palace is used for official events and to — mm K A w
S C
1746-1813 1758-1794 Regent of Denmark Queen consort 1750-1831 Prince
accommodate guests. Q W E m w S D
King of Sweden 1771-1792 Queen consort Regent of Norway King of Denmark 1766-1808 of Denmark C M Princess w
m w of Sweden King of Norway 1766-1808 w K V
w w Queen consort
Count of Oldenburg 1766-1773 of Norway P A S w
m S w E m Duke of Holstein 1766-1808 m m m m w
C H w Duke of Schleswig 1766-1808 m C
m w w

PATRON OF
S w
S w H H w m m Q M w
m K C V A m m m m C
P H m M H w S C M House o M

HOUSE OF
w A C M w S D m m

ASTRONOMY
m S w m w C V
Ho s e n C C G m
E H S

FIRST
Was a Danish physicist and
S w w w C m M B w Go orp M chemist who discovered that
W D O H G
Sorgenfri Palace
GLÜCKSBURG
electric currents create
V w w m magnetic fields, which was the
m w

TREATYOF KIEL AND SCHLESWIG WAR

Sorgenfri Palace is a royal residence of the first connection found
m H
Danish monarch located in the Lyngby- between electricity and
Taarbæk municipality in Greater magnetism. Oersted's law and H G G mH S w
Copenhagen. Originally a country seat, the oersted unit (Oe) are H S G G m H O m m
Sorgenfri Palace was built for the Danish w m D m N w Sw G G m

THE LOST OF NORWAY

named after him.

6
nobleman Count Carl Ahlefeldt in 1706. The First Schleswig War (German: Schleswig-Holsteinischer Krieg) was a military
The palace first became a royal residence conflict in southern Denmark and northern Germany rooted in the Schleswig-
in 1730 after coming into the possession of Holstein Question, contesting the issue of who should control the Duchies of Q M D m K H V N w m G C m

LAST OF THE
the Danish Royal Family. Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg. Ultimately, the Danish side proved victorious Q A M G Q S S C P W
with the diplomatic support of the great powers. B m m G
K D K P K Sw Sorgenfri was the preferred summer
N w K K w w U residence of King Christian X and his wife As the government, merchants, students, landowners and other upper class at the m m mG m w S w
52 51
4
K m G B K m Sw Queen Alexandrine. Both of Alexandrine's time spoke German, Low German was lingua franca in most of northern Europe at G m G m mD m G m

DANISH INDIA
K m D m N w
K w
children Frederik and his brother, Knud, Caroline Amalie 1815 1st wife
Christian VIII Frederick VI Marie of Louise Caroline
the time, the Germans claim it was mainly German-speaking areas, but the majority D G m S w H C C O

1
were born there. Both Knud and his wife of the people where native Danish and Frisian speaking peasants and servants. w m D C N w w m
N W
m
w
S C
U K
w
m
D m
Sw w
N w w
Caroline-Mathilde lived at Sorgenfri Palace of Augustenburg Charlotte Frederica of Denmark of Denmark 1790
Hesse-Kassel of Hesse-Kassel their languages would be systematically oppressed by the Germans over the next
100 years.
until their respective deaths in 1976 and
1995. 1796-1881 of Mecklenburg
1774 2nd wife
1786-1848 1768-1839 1767-1852 1789-1867 C K S w H
D N W D m N w m The conflict is known as the Three Years' War (Danish: Treårskrigen) in Denmark. It m w w G D
Queen consort
G
V D m
U K m K
H
m N w C
w
E
D
W w
m
B
D E Today the palace is closed to the public but Schwerin King of Denmark 1839-1848 King of Denmark 1808-1839 of Denmark
Duchess consort
Was a Danish physicist who
constitutes a major historical event in the national culture of Denmark.[citation Y
m
w S
S w H S B
the palace gardens are accessible when King of Norway 1814-1814 King of Norway 1808-1814 needed] In Germany, the war is called the Schleswig-Holstein War (German:
C X Sw Sw P m S D N w D E C m the monarch is not in residence. Countess 1758-1794 Governor-General of Norway 1813-1814 Crown Prince-Regent of Denmark-Norway 1784-1808
Queen consort made foundational Schleswig-Holsteinischer Krieg) but also as the Schleswig-Holstein Uprising M m w m D m

FATHER-IN-LAW
m w N w G D B m of Norway
Anne-Dorte, the widow of Count Christian None Duke of Holstein 1839-1848 Duke of Holstein 1808-1839 contributions to understanding (German: Schleswig-Holsteinische Erhebung).
w m w D m N w m N w of Rosenborg (a younger son of Prince B G D w m
mD m Duke of Schleswig 1839-1848 Duke of Schleswig 1808-1839 atomic structure and quantum
w D m G Knud), resided in a wing of the palace until Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg 1839-1848 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg 1814-1839 In March 1848, the German population of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg G w K V w w
E G C theory, for which he received rebelled against their duke who was also the king of Denmark. They created a m S w H S B
m m N mD m w her death .

OF EUROPE
the Nobel Prize in Physics in provisional government and army. As Holstein and Lauenburg were member states B m
H w w m N w m m 1922. Bohr was also a of the German Confederation, the Confederation supported the rebels by a federal m D S w H S G

DANISH ORDER
C w P N w w D philosopher and a promoter war (Bundeskrieg) according to its statutes. This was continued by the German
C w Sw w B C M A Central Government (of the federal state that replaced the Confederation in D O S w H m
C mm of scientific research.
Sw P m w P C 1848/49-51). Most of the German troops were delivered by Prussia. m w A H G
V A w w Sw N w w m m m H O A O D
w w The Father-in-law of Europe is a sobriquet which has been
w Sw C M K C Denmark was supported by the great powers, especially Britain and Russia. The H G w w B m m

OF FREEMASONS
S w used to refer to two European monarchs of the late 19th
S w and early 20th century: Christian IX of Denmark and duchies were close to an important Baltic seaway connecting both powers. The war R m w m R Em w G D
C w U w m w S m was interrupted in August 1848 by the armistice of Malmö but started again with a O w
O M m C Nicholas I of Montenegro, both on account of their
S C X N w N m children's marriages to foreign princes and princesses. The Danish offensive in February 1849.
w N D B G m
fact that each was a monarch of moderate or modest power
(and thus a marriage would not threaten the delicate In summer 1850, Prussia had to back down and leave the rebels to their fate. On D S w H K D m D H
D w B m The Danish Order of Freemasons (Danish: Den Danske Frimurerorden, abbr.: April 1, 1851, the Schleswig-Holstein army was disbanded. The London Protocol of G
m m m B S m w DDFO), in English also known as the Grand Lodge of Denmark, is a governing body balance of power) allowed them to marry some of their
many children to heirs of greater fortunes across the 1852 was the final settlement of the conflict. The great powers confirmed the Danish
B m m m of some Masonic Lodges in Denmark. The Danish Order of Freemasons was king to be the duke of the duchies but also declared that the duchies had to remain P C S w H S G D
O N m founded on 16 November 1858. continent. Among his descendants are Queen Margrethe II
of Denmark, King Philippe of Belgium, King Harald V of independent from Denmark proper. G w P K V
D m O D D m H m K D m C X N m

SECOND
N w w The Danish Order of Freemasons has 89 Lodges all working in accordance with the Norway, Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, Queen
B w m B Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, former King Constantine

FREDERICK VIII’S
rituals of the Swedish Rite and all requiring members be baptised in the Christian II of Greece, and King Felipe VI of Spain. P V m C w P C C w P w K
faith. The Danish Order of Freemasons has approximately 7,500 members. H M W O G
m G

SCHLESWIG WAR
Affiliated to the Danish Order of Freemasons are two Masonic organisations, both of 54 Was a Danish author. Although
which have their own Lodges and do not require members be baptised in the a prolific writer of plays, P C V D m C X m K N w
53

LEGACY Christian IX Louise

Christian faith: The Ancient Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of Denmark travelogues, novels, and N m H V N w
Louise 1850 3rd wife
Frederick VII Vilhelmine Marie (Danish: Det Danske Frimurerlaug af Gamle Frie & Antagne Murere) has 1842 poems, he is best remem-
of Denmark of Hesse-Kassel
11
approximately 1,300 members and 41 Lodges practising the rituals of the Emulation
Rasmussen of Denmark 1st wife 1828
of Denmark Rite, while the Saint John's Lodge Association (Danish: Johanneslogeforbundet af bered for his literary fairy tales. C X A
E w V
D m
U
D m
K m
D m
A
M
R A
m

1815-1874 Caroline Mariane 1841 2nd wife Gamle, Frie og Antagne Murere) has approximately 150 members and 3 Lodges 1818-1906 1817-1898 The Second Schleswig War (Danish: Krigen i 1864; German: Deutsch-Dänischer
Krieg) also sometimes known as the Dano-Prussian War or Prusso-Danish War was K C X w E m m w
V m m m m D 1808-1863 1808-1891 practising the rituals of the Schröder Rite.[citation needed] Members of the Danish Queen consort of Denmark w E
m
m
m
w
m
Countess Danner of Mecklenburg King of Denmark 1848-1863
Duchess consort Order of Freemasons, the Ancient Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of King of Denmark 1863-1906
Duke of Schleswig 1863-1864
the second military conflict over the Schleswig-Holstein Question of the nineteenth
century. The war began on 1 February 1864, when Prussian and Austrian forces
Denmark, and the Saint John's Lodge Association have mutual visiting privileges.
w m m — 1821-1876 Duke of Holstein 1848-1863 Since the Ancient Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of Denmark and the Duke of Holstein 1863-1864 crossed the border into Schleswig.[a] Denmark fought the Kingdom of Prussia and
S
C X
G
m
w w
m K D S
S
w H
w H
— m H Duchess consort Duke of Schleswig 1848-1863 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg 1863-1864 the Austrian Empire. Like the First Schleswig War (1848–1852), it was fought for
Saint John's Lodge Association only work three craft degrees, their members may control of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg, due to the succession H O
m None Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg 1848-1863 be invited to join the Danish Order of Freemasons with respect to its higher
m D m D m disputes concerning them when the Danish king died without an heir acceptable to
degrees.[citation needed] the German Confederation. The war started after the passing of the November
w H w None
D PV G w m w Constitution of 1863, which integrated the Duchy of Schleswig into the Danish
The building owned by the Danish Order of Freemasons is located on Blegdamsvej

LAST OF THE
w D None kingdom in violation of the London Protocol.
in Copenhagen's Østerbro district, Denmark. The building was designed by Danish
architect Holger Rasmussen and was built between 1 May 1923 and 12 October The war ended on 30 October 1864, with the Treaty of Vienna and Denmark's cession
1927. The cornerstone was laid on 3 June 1924 by Christian X of Denmark. The of the Duchies of Schleswig (except for the island of Ærø, which remained Danish),
building has 13,515 square metres of floor space and approximately 335 rooms. It is Holstein and Saxe-Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria.
House of

OLDENBURG
19.5 metres tall and has six main floors, two of which are below ground. The two
columns by the main entrance are 16 metres tall and weigh 72 tons each. During
Holstein the later part of the Second World War the building was occupied and was used as
Gottorp headquarters by the Schalburg Corps. House of House of
Romanov Bernadotte Hanover

55
Alexander III Dagmar George I Olga Frederick VIII Louise Alexandra Edward VII
of Russia
1845-1894
1866
of Denmark
1847-1928
of Greece
1845-1913
1867 Constantinovna
of Russia of Denmark
1843-1912
1869
of Sweden
1851-1926
2 of Denmark
1844-1925
of Great Britain
1841-1910
Empress consort 1851-1926 Queen consort of Denmark Queen consort of the

TELEGRAM
Emperor of Russia 1881-1894 of Russia King of the Hellenes 1863-1913 Queen consort of King of Denmark 1906-1912 United Kingdom and the King of the United Kingdom 1901-1910
Grand Duke of Finland 1881-1894 the Hellenes British Dominions King of the British Dominions 1901-1910
Regent of Empress consort of India Emperor of India 1901-1910
Greece

House of House of
CRISIS
In 1942, Adolf Hitler sent Christian a long telegram congratulating him on his seventy-second birthday. The king's
Holstein Glücksburg reply telegram was a mere, Spreche Meinen besten Dank aus. Chr. Rex (Giving my best thanks, King Christian).
This perceived slight, known as the Telegram Crisis, greatly outraged Hitler and he immediately recalled his
Gottorp ambassador from Copenhagen and expelled the Danish ambassador from Germany. German pressure then
Romanov resulted in the dismissal of the government led by Vilhelm Buhl and its replacement with a new cabinet led by
non-party member and veteran diplomat Erik Scavenius, whom the Germans expected to be more cooperative.
(In any event, whatever independence Denmark had been able to maintain during the first years of the
occupation ended abruptly with the German Putsch in August 1943.) After a fall with his horse on 19 October
4
1942, Christian was more or less an invalid for the rest of his reign. The role he played in creating the Easter

DENMARK IN EASTER
Crisis of 1920 greatly reduced his popularity, but his daily rides, the Telegram Crisis, and the admiring stories
spread by Danish-American circles had once again made him popular to the point of being a beloved national
symbol.
House of

CRISIS OF 1920
Saxe Coburg

WORLD WAR II and Gotha

LIEBE
The Easter Crisis (Danish: Påskekrisen) was a
During the German occupation of Denmark, Christian become a constitutional crisis in Denmark around Easter in 1920. It 56
popular symbol of resistance, particularly because of the symbolic Alexandrine Haakon VII
KING OF
was a significant event in the development of constitutional
value of the fact that he rode every day through the streets of Christian X Maud
6
monarchy in Denmark. It began with the dismissal of the
Copenhagen unaccompanied by guards. With a reign spanning two elected government by the reigning monarch, King
of Denmark 1898 of Mecklenburg of Norway 1896
of Wales
CABINET
world wars, and his role as a rallying symbol for Danish national
sentiment during the German occupation, he became one of the most
Christian X, a reserve power which was granted to him by
the Danish constitution, because he thought that 1870-1947 Schwerin (Born Carl of Denmark)
1869-1938
1870-1947

ICELAND
popular Danish monarchs of modern times. King Christian X was
known to parade through town on his horse, Jubilee.
government did not try to reclaim enough land from 1879-1952 Queen consort
Germany in Schleswig. After protests, the King agreed to King of Denmark 1912-1947 Queen consort King of Norway 1905-1957 of Norway
install a caretaker government who could hold a general King of Iceland 1918-1944 of Denmark
At the outset of World War II in September 1939, Denmark declared The Cabinet of Liebe was created, as a election, and no Danish monarch has since interfered in Queen consort
itself neutral. For most of the war, the country was a protectorate and result of Christian X's decision to dismiss the politics. of Iceland
then an occupied territory of Germany. The decision to occupy Second cabinet of Zahle, during the Easter The Kingdom of Iceland (Icelandic: Konungsríkið Ísland;
Denmark was taken in Berlin on 17 December 1939. On 9 April 1940, Crisis of 1920. The cabinet was supposed Danish: Kongeriget Island) was a sovereign and
Germany occupied Denmark in Operation Weserübung. The Danish maintain control of the country until elections

COMPROMISE
independent country with a constitutional and hereditary
government and king functioned as relatively normal in a de facto could be held. However, the dismissal of monarchy that was established by the Act of Union with
protectorate over the country until 29 August 1943, when Germany Zahle was widely unpopular and with the Denmark signed on 1 December 1918. It lasted until 17
placed Denmark under direct military occupation, which lasted until potential overthrow of the Danish crown, June 1944 when a national referendum established the House of
the Allied victory on 5 May 1945. Contrary to the situation in other Christian dismissed Liebe, installing as a Republic of Iceland in its place. Glücksburg

CABINET
countries under German occupation, most Danish institutions compromise Cabinet of Friis until elections
Personal coat of arms of the emperor. continued to function relatively normally until 1945. Both the Danish
government and king remained in the country in an uneasy
could be held later that year. Under a personal union, due to the Act of Union, the
monarch was simultaneously monarch of Denmark. The
relationship between a democratic and a totalitarian system until the Parliament of Iceland asked that Denmark represent
Signature of the A solid line represents the Danish government stepped down in a protest against German
demands to institute the death penalty for sabotage.
Iceland internationally, and day-to-day matters were
House of
The Cabinet of Friis was the government of delegated to a Danish plenipotentiary for Icelandic affairs
character, if available. continuity of the royalty link. These boxes contain the Denmark from 5 April 1920 to 5 May 1920. It
Just over 3,000 Danes died as a direct result of the occupation. A was created during the Easter Crisis of 1920
based in Reykjavík, and – after the German invasion of
Denmark in 1940 – a regent was appointed.
Bernadotte
Line arriving on top of the box name, dates of birth and further 2,000 volunteers of Free Corps Denmark and Waffen SS, of and after the Cabinet of Liebe, as a
represents a direct family relationship. death and a brief which most originated from the German minority of southern
Denmark, died fighting on the Eastern Front while 1,072 merchant
compromise until elections could be held
later that year.
TOWARDS description of the Popes sailors died in Allied service.[4] Overall, this represents a very low
THE PARENTS Count of the Kings of the Kingdom. who had important rôles mortality rate when compared to other occupied countries and most
belligerent countries. Some Danes chose to collaborate during the
into the affairs of this occupation by joining the National Socialist Workers' Party of
Link between two boxes represents an family tree. They tend to Denmark, Schalburg Corps, HIPO Corps and Peter Group (often with Marselisborg Palace
considerable overlap between the participants of the different
union, with it’s date and chronological be chronologically placed

FAROE
groups). The National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark 57
Image representing order just above it. into the family tree. participated in the 1943 Danish Folketing election, but despite
Marselisborg Palace is the summer
residence of the royal family in Aarhus.
the monarch. significant support from Germany it only received 2.1% of the votes. Frederick IX Ingrid
1
Historically, the grounds was the property
1935 of the Marselis dynasty, its namesake.
Name and dates of A resistance movement developed over the course of the war, and of Denmark of Sweden Marselisborg became a royal residence

ISLANDS
54
birth and death of most Danish Jews were rescued and sent to neutral Sweden in 1943
when German authorities ordered their internment as part of the 1899-1972 1910-2000 when Crown Prince Christian (later
Christian X) and his consort Princess
the person. Holocaust. King of Denmark 1947-1972
Queen consort of Denmark
Alexandrine were given the Palace as a
CHARACTER Christian IX Louise wedding present by the people of
1842 Denmark. As such the palace is private
of Denmark 1st wife
of Hesse-Kassel In 1948, one year into the king's reign, the Faroe Christiansborg Palace

DANISH SOCIETY
Islands obtained home rule and became a self- property of the Queen, but will remain in
1818-1906 1817-1898 A transparent character possession of all future monarchs of
Queen consort box designates either a Pope Gregory VII governing country within the Danish Realm
controlling most areas apart from military defence, Historically, Christiansborg Palace in Denmark. The royal couple used it as their
King of Denmark 1863-1906 Copenhagen, was the main residence of summer residence. The building was built
Duke of Schleswig 1863-1864
of Denmark woman or a non-dynastic Hildebrand of policing, justice, currency, and foreign affairs.
the Danish kings. But after the fire of the by the Danish architect Hack Kampmann.

CHANGES
Duke of Holstein 1863-1864
Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg 1863-1864
person. Sovana first Christiansborg Palace in 1794, the
royal family moved their residence to
The present Queen Margrethe II was given
the palace by her father, King Frederick IX
Full character box c.1015-1085 Amalienborg. However, even though the
royal family does not reside in the palace,
of Denmark in 1967.
means a monarch.
4 Line going down from the link Bishop of Rome 1073-1085 parts of Christiansborg have continued to
he is perhaps best known Frederick became king on his father's death in early 1947. During Frederick be used by the monarch for official
TOWARDS Titles and reign dates between two boxes means the for the part he played in the
IX's reign Danish society changed rapidly, the welfare state was expanded purposes and state ceremonies. It is the
and, as a consequence of the booming economy of the 1960s, women
THE CHILDREN of the character. union produced offsprings. Investiture Controversy, his dispute House of entered the labour market. The modernization brought new demands on the
site of public audiences, meetings of the
Council of State, state dinners, receptions
with Emperor Henry IV. Sweyn monarchy and Frederick's role as a constitutional monarch. In other words, and other ceremonies. Also, the Royal
Number of non-dynastic seems to have been able to
Glücksburg Denmark became a modern country, which meant new demands on the Stables which provide the ceremonial
read and write, and was described monarchy. transport by horse-drawn carriage for the
children the union as an especially educated royal family, are located here. The royal
A dotted line represents a direct produced. monarch by his personal friend
parts of the palace are open to the public
when they are not in use for official
family relationship with no royalty Pope Gregory VII. purposes.
links.

These boxes contain the

names and a brief Constantine II Anne-Marie Margrethe II
58
Henrik ACT OF
These boxes contain the description of various de Laborde
1
SUCCESSION
1964 1967
name, dates of birth and of Greece of Denmark of Denmark de Monpezat
Danish Royal Residences. 1940-Present 1946-Present 1940-Present
death and a brief They tend to be Queen consort 1934-2018
House These boxes contain the description of various chronologically placed King of the Hellenes 1964-1973 of the Hellenes Queen of Denmark 1972-Present Consort of the
As King Frederick IX and Queen Ingrid had no sons, it was
Danish monarch
These boxes contain the of Munsö names of the royal famous people. They tend into the family tree. expected that the king's younger brother, Prince Knud, would
House of name and an image of the houses coming from to be chronologically inherit the throne, in accordance with Denmark's succession
law (Royal Ordinance of 1853).
Estridsen Imperial Family Coat of outside of this tree. placed into the family
Arms. They are generally tree.
5 2
However, in 1953, an Act of Succession was passed, changing
Whether entering or the method of succession to male-preference primogeniture
placed just above their leaving it. They are Was a Danish cartographer (which allows daughters to succeed if there are no sons). This
founder or their first usually placed just above
and explorer in the Russian meant that his daughters could succeed him if he had no sons.

Guds hjælp, folkets

Navy. He is known as a leader As a consequence, his eldest daughter, Margrethe, became
reigning representative. or below the person of two Russian expeditions heir presumptive. By order of 27 March 1953 the succession to
the throne was limited to the issue of King Christian X.
concerned. exploring the north. The Bering
Strait, the Bering Sea, Bering

kærlighed, Danmarks styrke

Island, the Bering Glacier,
Vitus Lake and the Bering
Land Bridge were all named in
his honor. Sorgenfri Palace
Sorgenfri Palace is a royal
residence of the Danish monarch... God's help, the love of the people,
Denmark's strength
THIS FAMILY TREE IN THE MANNER
AND STYLE OF
WAS COMPILED BY THE CONTENT
OF THIS TREE
COMES
DIRECTLY FROM

USING
François Gervais WAPPENWIKI.ORG AS
A HERALDIC SOURCE
[email protected]

v1.0, August 2022