2015 JC Physics H2 Anderson Junior College PDF

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1 PDG
Candidate Name ( )
ANDERSON JUNIOR COLLEGE
2015 JC2 Preliminary Examination
PHYSICS 9646/01
Higher 2
Paper 1 Multiple Choice Monday 31 August 2015
1 hour 15 minutes
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, PDG and NRIC/FIN and shade the 7 digits of your NRIC/FIN in soft pencil on the
Answer Sheet.
There are forty questions in this section.

Answer all questions.
For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.
Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.
Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this question paper.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.
This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page
9646/01/AJC2015/Prelim [Turn Over

2
Data
speed of light in free space, c = 3.00 x 108 m s−1
permeability of free space,  0 = 4 x 10−7 H m−1
permittivity of free space,  0 = 8.85 x 10−12 F m−1
(1/(36)) x 10−9 F m−1
elementary charge, e = 1.60 x 10−19 C
the Planck constant, h = 6.63 x 10−34 J s
unified atomic mass constant, u = 1.66 x 10−27 kg
rest mass of electron, me = 9.11 x 10−31 kg
rest mass of proton, mp = 1.67 x 10−27 kg
molar gas constant, R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1
the Avogadro constant, NA = 6.02 x 1023 mol−1
the Boltzmann constant, k = 1.38 x 10−23 J K−1
gravitational constant, G = 6.67 x 10−11 N m2 kg−2
acceleration of free fall. g = 9.81 m s−2
9646/01/AJC2015/Prelim
3
Formulae
1 2
uniformly accelerated motion, s = ut + at
2
v2 = u2 + 2as
work done on/by a gas, W = pV
hydrostatic pressure, p =  gh
Gm
gravitational potential, ϕ =−
r
displacement of particle in s.h.m., x = x0 sin t
velocity of particle in s.h.m., v  v 0 cos t

2
  x o  x 2
3
mean kinetic energy of a E= kT
2
molecule of an ideal gas,
resistors in series, R = R1 + R2 + …
resistors in parallel, 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + …
Q
electric potential, V=
4  ε0 r
alternating current/voltage, x = x0 sin t
transmission coefficient, T  exp(−2kd)

8 2 mU  E 
where k =
h2
radioactive decay, x = x0exp(− t)
0.693
decay constant. =
t1
2

4
1 The angular deflection of the needle of an ammeter varies with the current in the ammeter
as shown in the graph.
Which diagram could represent the appearance of the scale on this meter?
A B
C D
2 The diagram shows part of a thermometer.
What is the correct reading on the thermometer and the uncertainty in this reading?
uncertainty in
reading / °C
reading / °C
A 24 ±1
B 24 ± 0.5
C 24 ± 0.2
D 24.0 ± 0.5
3 The acceleration of free fall on the Moon is one-sixth of that on Earth.
On Earth it takes time t for a stone to fall from rest a distance of 2 m.
What is the time taken for a stone to fall from rest a distance of 2 m on the Moon?
t t
A 6t B C t 6 D
6 6
5
4 A hosepipe is fixed as shown.
The jet of water emerges with a horizontal velocity v. The hosepipe is fixed at a height h
above the ground. The water jet hits the floor at a horizontal distance d from the nozzle tip.
The gravitational field strength is g.
What is the expression for distance d? (Ignore air resistance.)
vg 2vh g 2h
A B C v D v
2h g 2h g
5 Water is pumped through a hosepipe at a rate of 90 kg per minute. It emerges from the
hosepipe horizontally with a speed of 20 m s –1.
Which force is required from a person holding the hosepipe to prevent it moving backwards?
A 30 N B 270 N C 1800 N D 10800 N
6 Two railway trucks of masses m and 3m move towards each other in opposite directions
with speeds 2v and v respectively. These trucks collide and stick together.
What is the speed of the trucks after the collision?
v v 5v
A B C v D
4 2 4

6
7 The solid line on the graph shows how the length of a rubber band varies when an
increasing load is applied. The dotted line shows how the length subsequently varies as the
load is gradually decreased.
Which statement is correct?
A The energy recovered when the load is removed is about 10 J.
B The work done in stretching the rubber band is about 5 J.
C The total work done on the rubber band during one cycle of loading and unloading is
about 14 J.
D The energy remaining in the rubber band after one cycle of loading and unloading is
about 3 J.
8 A ball is falling at terminal speed in still air. The forces acting on the ball are upthrust,
viscous drag and weight.
What is the order of increasing magnitude of these three forces?
A upthrust → viscous drag → weight
B viscous drag → upthrust → weight
C viscous drag → weight → upthrust
D weight → upthrust → viscous drag
7
9 An electrical generator is started at time zero. The total electrical energy generated during
the first 5 seconds is shown in the graph.
What is the maximum electrical power generated at any instant during these first
5 seconds?
A 10 W B 13 W C 30 W D 50 W
10 A projectile is launched at 30° to the horizontal with initial kinetic energy E.
Assuming air resistance to be negligible, what will be the kinetic energy of the projectile
when it reaches its highest point?
A 0.50 E B 0.71 E C 0.75 E D 0.87 E
11 A mass m is situated in a uniform gravitational field.
When the mass moves through a displacement x, from P to Q, it loses an amount of

potential energy E.
Which row correctly specifies the magnitude and the direction of the acceleration due to
gravity in this field?
magnitude direction
E
A 
mx
E
B 
mx
E
C 
x
E
D 
x

8
12 A small mass is placed at point P on the inside surface of a smooth hemisphere. It is then
released from rest. When it reaches the lowest point T, its speed is 4.0 m s –1.
The diagram (not to scale) shows the speed of the mass at other points Q, R and S as it
slides down. Air resistance is negligible.
The mass loses potential energy E in falling from P to T.

E
At which point has the mass lost potential energy ?
4
A Q
B R
C S
D None of these
13 A satellite is in a circular orbit of radius r around the Earth.
The orbital period of the satellite is T.
A second satellite, in a different circular orbit, has an orbital period 64T.
What is the radius of the orbit of the second satellite?
A 8r
B 16 r
C 64 r
D 512 r
9
14 A satellite above the Earth in a circular orbit of radius r1 is moved to a higher circular orbit of
radius r2. The gravitational force-distance graph is shown for the satellite.
What does the shaded area on the graph represent?
A the change in gravitational potential energy of the satellite
B the change in kinetic energy of the satellite
C the final gravitational potential energy of the satellite
D the final kinetic energy of the satellite
15 An object of mass 0.60 kg is held in place by two horizontal springs.
It is displaced sideways and undergoes simple harmonic motion of period 5.0 s.
In each oscillation, it moves from left to right through a total distance of 0.30 m.
What is the total energy of the simple harmonic motion?
A 4.3 × 10–3 J
B 1.1 × 10–2 J
C 1.7 × 10–2 J
D 4.3 × 10–2 J

10
16 Two objects P and Q are given the same initial displacement and are then released. The
graphs show the variation with time t of their displacement x.
P Q
x x
t t
P and Q are then subjected to driving forces of the same constant amplitude and of variable
frequency f.
Which graph represents the variation with f of the amplitudes A of P and of Q?
A B C D
17 There is one temperature, about 0.01 °C, at which water, water vapour and ice can co-exist
in equilibrium.
Which statement about the properties of the molecules at this temperature is correct?
A Ice molecules are closer to one another than water molecules.
B The mean kinetic energy of water molecules is greater than the mean kinetic energy of
ice molecules.
C Water vapour molecules are less massive than water molecules.
D Water vapour molecules have the same mean square speed as both ice and water
molecules.
18 Before the invention of the modern refrigerator, ice was manufactured industrially and
delivered to households. One method used is the evaporation of ammonia.
Energy was required to make the ammonia evaporate and 75 % of this energy came from
liquid water at 0 °C, turning the water into ice.
In six hours 8.0 × 104 kg of ice was produced. At what rate did the ammonia need to be
evaporated?
The specific latent heat of fusion of water is 330 kJ kg –1.
The specific latent heat of vaporisation of ammonia is 1370 kJ kg –1.
A 0.67 kg s-1 B 1.2 kg s-1 C 12 kg s-1 D 20 kg s-1
11
19 Two metal spheres of different radii are in thermal contact in a vacuum as shown.
The spheres are at the same temperature.
Which statement must be correct?
A There is no net transfer of thermal energy between the spheres.
B Each sphere has the same internal energy.
C Both spheres radiate electromagnetic energy at the same rate.
D The larger sphere has a greater mean internal energy per atom than the smaller sphere.
20 Which statement describes a situation when polarisation could not occur?
A Light waves are reflected.
B Light waves are scattered.
C Sound waves pass through a metal grid.
D Microwaves pass through a metal grid.
21 The speed of a transverse wave on a stretched string can be changed by adjusting the
tension of the string. A stationary wave pattern is set up on a stretched string using an
oscillator set at a frequency of 650 Hz.
How must the wave be changed to maintain the same stationary wave pattern if the applied
frequency is increased to 750 Hz?
A Decrease the speed of the wave on the string.
B Decrease the wavelength of the wave on the string.
C Increase the speed of the wave on the string.
D Increase the wavelength of the wave on the string.

12
22 Two identical loudspeakers are connected in series to an a.c. supply, as shown.
Which graph best shows the variation of the intensity of the sound with distance along the
line XY?
A B
C D
23 A diffraction grating experiment is set up using yellow light of wavelength 600 nm. The
grating has 500 lines per mm.
What is the angular separation (θ2 – θ1) between the first and second order maxima of the
yellow light?
A 17.5° B 19.4° C 36.9° D 54.3°
13
24 The diagram shows two parallel horizontal metal plates. There is a potential difference V
between the plates.
A small charged liquid drop, midway between the plates, is held in equilibrium by the
combination of its weight and the electric force acting on it.
The acceleration of free fall is g and the electric field strength is E.
What is the polarity of the charge on the drop, and the ratio of charge to mass of the drop?
charge
polarity
mass
E
A positive
g
g
B positive
E
E
C negative
g
g
D negative
E
25 The diagram shows two metal plates connected to a constant high voltage.
Which graph shows the variation of the electric field strength E midway between the two
plates as the distance d between the two plates is increased?
A B C D

14
26 The Large Hadron Collider is designed to accelerate groups of protons around a large
circular ring.
At any moment, there will be 3000 groups in the ring and each group will contain about
1011 protons. All the protons go around the ring 104 times per second.
What is the best estimate of the current in the ring?
A 50 μA B 160 μA C 500 mA D 160 A
27 The graph shows how the electric current I through a conducting liquid varies with the
potential difference V across it.
At which point on the graph does the liquid have the smallest resistance?
28 In the potentiometer circuit shown, the reading on the ammeter is zero.
The light-dependent resistor (LDR) is then covered up and the ammeter gives a non-zero
reading.
Which change could return the ammeter reading to zero?
A Decrease the supply voltage.
B Increase the supply voltage.
C Move the sliding contact to the left.
D Move the sliding contact to the right.
15
29 A circuit is set up as shown, supplied by a 3 V battery. All resistances are 1 kΩ.
What will be the reading on the voltmeter?
A 0 B 0.5 V C 1.0 V D 1.5 V
30 An electron, travelling in a straight line at a speed of 1.46 × 107 m s–1, enters a region where
there is a uniform magnetic field.
The diagram shows the path followed by the electron before it enters the magnetic field and
within the field.
In the magnetic field, the electron follows a semi-circular path of diameter 0.0700 m.
In which direction is the magnetic field and what is the size of the magnetic flux density?
direction of size of magnetic

magnetic field flux density / T
A into page 1.19  10 3
B into page 2.38  10 3
C out of page 1.19  10 3
D out of page 2.38  10 3

16
31 Regions of unbalanced charge are produced inside a cloud as shown.
For the region X, which diagram correctly represents the direction of the electric field and
the initial direction in which electrons would move?
32 Two coils of wire connected as shown in the diagram below. The magnet B is suspended
from a spring above the coil on the right and is free to move. Magnet A is moved downwards
into the coil on the left.
magnet A
magnet B
N N
What is the direction of the force experienced by magnet B as a result of the downward
motion of magnet A?
A Towards the left.
B Towards the right.
C Upwards.
D Downwards.
17
33 A circular coil of diameter 16.0 cm and resistance 4.00 Ω is placed in a uniform magnetic
field of flux density 5.00 T directed perpendicularly into the coil.
16.0 cm
uniform magnetic
field directed into
the page
If the magnetic flux density is reduced to zero at a constant rate over 10.0 ms, what can be
deduced about the current flowing in the coil during this change?
magnitude / A direction
A 2.51 clockwise
B 2.51 anticlockwise
C 10.1 clockwise
D 10.1 anticlockwise
34 An electric boiler, designed for travellers, can be used with different supply voltages. It is
rated at 800 W for a 240 Vr.m.s. alternating supply.
What will be its power output if it is connected to a 120 V direct supply?
A 100 W
B 200 W
C 400 W
D 800 W
35 In 2010 the Japanese launched the world’s first interplanetary solar sail spacecraft, called
IKAROS. This works because photons reflected from the sail, of area A, undergo a change
of momentum and, by Newton’s third Law, exert a forward force on the sail.
A beam of light of intensity I is reflected at right angles to a solar sail.

hf
The momentum of a photon is given by the expression , where f is the frequency of the
c
light, h is the Planck constant and c is the speed of light.
What is the force exerted on the sail?
IA 2hf 2 IA I
A B C D
hf c c c

18
36 Two phenomena P and Q are described.
P When ultraviolet light shines on zinc, electrons are emitted from the surface.
Q When electrons are passed through graphite, a pattern of rings may be observed on
a screen.
Which different models are used to explain the phenomena?
P Q
A particle particle
B particle wave
C wave particle
D wave wave
37 The resistance of a piece of pure silicon falls as the temperature rises.
Which of the following statements is true?
A The ratio of the positive to negative charge carriers increases.
B The ratio of the positive to negative charge carriers decreases.
C The charge carriers can move more easily at a higher temperature.
D The total number of charge carriers increases with temperature.
38 In an experiment to learn more about the structure of the atom, Geiger and Marsden fired
α-particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. They found that most of the α-particles passed through
the gold foil with no significant deviation, although a very tiny minority were deflected
through large angles, and some were even back-scattered (deflected by more than 90°).
The experiment is repeated with a foil made from a heavier isotope of gold.
How would the results be different?
A A much greater proportion of the α-particles would be back-scattered.
B A much greater proportion of the α-particles would deflect through a large angle.
C A greater proportion of the α-particles would pass through with no significant deviation.
D There would be no significant change.
19
39 The isotope 222 206

86 Rn decays in a sequence of emissions to form the isotope 82 Pb . At each
stage of the decay sequence, it emits either an α-particle or a β-particle.
What is the number of stages in the decay sequence?
A 4 B 8 C 16 D 20
40 Alpha, beta and gamma radiations
1 are absorbed to different extents in solids,
2 behave differently in an electric field,
3 behave differently in a magnetic field.
The diagrams illustrate these behaviours.
diagram 1 diagram 2
diagram 3
Which three labels on these diagrams refer to the same kind of radiation?
A M, P, Z B L, P, Z C L, P, X D N, Q, X

1
2015 AJC H2 Physics Prelim Paper 1 6 A
Mark Scheme (40 marks)
p  p
i f (3m)v – m(2v) = (4m)v’
v' = v/4
1 2 3 4 5
A D C D A
7 D
6 7 8 9 10
A D A C C
11 12 13 14 15
A B B A B
16 17 18 19 20
B D B A C
21 22 23 24 25
C D B D A
26 27 28 29 30
C C C B D
31 32 33 34 35
D C A B C
36 37 38 39 40
B D D B A
1 A
From graph, angular deflection of the WD to stretch = ½ × 0.5 × 35 = 9 J
needle increases at a decreasing rate as Energy recovered = ½ × 0.6 × 20 = 6 J
the current increases. Hence, the Total WD in 1 cycle =
separation of the current scale will decrease Energy remaining in 1 cycle = 9 – 6 = 3 J
as the current increases.
8 A
2 D At terminal velocity, U + D = W
Measurement of temperature requires 1 For a ball in air, U is very small, hence
scale reading. Uncertainty of scale reading U<D<W
= ½ of smallest division = 0.5°
Decimal place of reading follows d.p. of 9 C
uncertainty Instantaneous Power =
gradient of Energy – time graph
3 C Pmax occurs during t = 2 s to t = 3 s.
1 2 1g  40  10
s gt on earth, s   t ' 2 on moon Gradient =  30 W
2 2 6 32
 t ' 2  6t 2 and t '  6t 10 C
At launch, E=½ m v2
4 D At highest point, KE = ½ m vx2
Consider vertical motion: where vx = v cos 30 = √3 v / 2
1 2 2h Hence at highest point,
↓: h  gt  t  KE = ½ m (√3 v / 2)2
2 g
= ¾ × ½ m v2
Consider horizontal motion: =¾E
2h
→: d  vt  v
g 11 A
GPE decreases from P to Q implies the
5 A direction of the G-field is towards 
90 kg min-1 = 1.5 kg s-1 Since mgx = E,
(mv ) m g = E / mx
F v  20  1.5  30 N
t t
H2 Physics/9646/AJC2015/Prelim
2
12 B 18 B
Ep = ET Loss of E water  0.75  Gain in Eammonia
mgr = ½ m (42) mwater l f  0.75  mammonia lv
gr = 8
Let x be the point where mw ater m
3r / 4 l f  0.75  ammonia l v
GPE has decreased by t t
E/4, 80000  330000 m
 ammonia
6  3600  1370000  0.75 t
Ep = Ex mammonia
mgr = mg(3r/4) + ½ m v2  1.1895 kg s-1
t
v2 = ½ gr
v = 2.0 ms-1 19 A
Thermal equilibrium  same temperature
13 B
 no net transfer of thermal energy
Since T 2  r 3 , The internal energy of a body depends on
64T 2 
r '3 its mass, which would be different for the 2
T2 r3 spheres of different radii. The radiation of
r '  16r electromagnetic energy depends on the
colour and texture of the surface of the
14 A spheres. Since both spheres are at the
dU same temperature, the mean internal
Since F   energy per atom is the same for both
dr spheres.
Uf r2
 dU   Fdr  U  area under graph

Ui r1
20 C
Microwaves are polarised when passed
through a metal grid. Light is also polarised
15 B when reflected or scattered. Sound waves
E=½ m v2 are longitudinal and cannot be polarised.
2
1  2  2
E=½ m (ω2x02)  m  x0 21 C
2 T 
v
 2 
2 v  f   
  0.15   0.0106 J
2
E  0.5  0.60   f
 5.0  To produce the same wave pattern, the
wavelength must remain constant.
16 B
To maintain the same wavelength at a
The degree of damping of Q is greater than higher frequency, the speed must be
that of P. Hence the resonant frequency of increased.
Q will be slightly lower and the amplitude of
vibration at resonance will be lower 22 D
compared to P. The amplitude of the sound waves is a
maximum in the straight through position
17 D and decreases as it moves away from the
Since ice is less dense than water, ice central peak.
molecules must be further apart than water The intensity minima further from central
molecules. maximum do not cancel out completely as
Since KE  T , the mean KE at the same amplitude of waves from the individual
temperature is the same mean square sources reaching the minima are not equal.
speed is same
Water vapour molecules are identical to
water molecules, hence both have the same
mass.
3
23 B 29 B
d sin1   , & d sin 2  2 ,
d  1 /(500  103 )  2.0  106
 600  10 9  X
1  sin1 6 
  17.45
 2.0  10 
 2  600  10 9 
 2  sin1   36.86

 2.0  10
6
 Y
Hence  2  1  19.41
1
 1 1
24 D 1.5 R     0.75 R
 3R R 
Since charge is stationary, it must be
experiencing an upward electric force qE Potential at X = 1.5 V
and a downward weight. The electric force 0.75
Potential at Y =  3  1.0 V
being upwards implies the charge must be 1.5  0.75
negatively charged. Hence voltmeter reading is 0.5 V
qE = mg  q/m = g / E
30 D
25 A Using FLHR, B must be out of page as F is
Since E = V / d, E  1/ d ↑ and I is towards left.
mv 2
26 C Bqv   Bqr  mv
r
Q  It
9.11 10 31  1.46  10 7
ne 3000  1011  10 4  1.6  10 19 B  2.38  10  3 T
I  19 0.07
t 1 1.6  10 
2
= 0.48 A ≈ 500 mA
31 D
27 C
E
e movement
32 C
Smallest R  largest I/V When magnet A moves
down, it induces a N pole
28 C in the left coil. This cause
When LDR is N induced I N
V the induced I to flow,
covered, its R↑ which results in the right N
N NN
leading to V↓. coil inducing a N pole
To restore the beneath magnet B. This
balance, the results in magnet B
sliding contact experiencing an upward
has to be force.
shifted left.
Changing the supply voltage affects V &
Vmetal wire at the same time so it does not
restore balance.
H2 Physics/9646/AJC2015/Prelim [Turn Over

4
33 A 39 B
d 5   0.08 
2 Considering the change in its nucleon
E   I ( 4) number,
dt 10  10 3 222-206=16
I = 2.513 A This implies that there must be 4 x Helium-4
Since flux in coil is into page and particles emitted.
decreasing, by lenz law coil will induce 222 206 4 0
current such that to oppose the decrease in 86 Rn  82 Pb  4 2 He  p 1e
flux. Hence current induced will be To balance the proton number,

clockwise. 86 = 82 + 8 + (-p)
p=4
34 B Hence,
222 206 4 0
V2 240 2 86 Rn  82 Pb  4 2 He  4 1 e
P  800 
R R
40 A
120 2
Using 120 V, P   800  200 W α is L, R & X
240 2 β is M, P & Z
γ is N, Q &Y
35 C
nhf n IA
P  IA   IA  
t t hf
 hf  hf 
n     
F
p
  c  c 
t t
2n hf 2IA hf 2IA
F  
t c hf c c
36 B
P: photoelectric effect, particle nature
Q: electron diffraction, wave nature
37 D
For intrinsic semiconductors, the ratio of
charge carriers is always 1 since electrons
that are excited from the conduction band
always leaves a hole in the valance band.
At higher temperatures, lattice ions vibrate

more vigorously and may collide more often
with the charge carriers, representing a rise
in the resistance.
38 D
Back scattering and large angle scattering is
due to the positive charge in the gold
nucleus. Since the charge of the nucleus is
constant, the scattering will not change.
Thus A, B & C is incorrect.
1
PDG
Candidate Name ( )
PHYSICS 9646/02
Higher 2
Paper 2 Structured Questions Monday 14 September 2015
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
Write your name and PDG in the spaces at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.
Answer all questions. For Examiner’s Use

1
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each 2
question or part question.
3
4
6
7
Deduction
Total
This document consists of 18 printed pages.

2
Data
(1/(36)) x 10−9 F m−1
3
Formulae
1 2
2
v2 = u2 + 2as
m
gravitational potential, ϕ = −G
r
velocity of particle in s.h.m., v = v0 cos t
2
v = ± ω (x0  x 2 )
3
2
Q
4  ε0 r

8 2 mU  E 
where k =
h2
0.693
t1
2

4
1 A ball of mass 50 g is released from rest and falls vertically. The ball hits the ground and
rebounds vertically, as shown in Fig. 1.1.
Fig. 1.1
The variation with time t of the velocity v of the ball is shown in Fig. 1.2.
Fig. 1.2
Air resistance is negligible.
(a) Without calculation, use Fig. 1.2 to describe the variation with time t of the velocity v of
the ball from t = 0 to t = 2.1 s.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………… [3]
5
(b) Calculate, for the ball, from t = 0 to t = 2.1 s,
(i) the distance moved,
distance = …………………………….m [2]
(ii) the displacement from the initial position.
displacement = …………………………….m [1]
(c) While the ball is in contact with the ground, the ground exerts a force on the ball.
Determine
(i) the mean acceleration of the ball as it rebounds while in contact with the ground,
acceleration = …………………………….m s-2 [2]
(ii) the mean contact force exerted by the ground on the ball during the impact.
contact force = …………………………….N [2]

6
2 (a) State the conditions for a system of coplanar forces to be in equilibrium.
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….......... [2]
(b) Three identical springs S1, S2 and S3 are attached to a point A as shown in Fig. 2.1.
S1
point A
150 S3
150
S2
Fig. 2.1
The springs have extended elastically and the extensions of S 1 and S2 are x. Determine,
in terms of x, the extension of S3 such that the system of springs is in equilibrium.
Explain your working.
extension of S3 = ...................................... [2]
7
(c) Two parallel strings P and Q are attached to a disc of diameter 12 cm, as shown in
Fig. 2.2.
disc
string Q
12 cm C
string P 30 cm
lever
force F
Fig. 2.2
The disc is free to rotate about an axis normal to its plane. The axis passes through the
centre C of the disc.
A lever of length 30 cm is attached to the disc. When a force F is applied at right angles
to the lever at its end, equal forces are produced in P and Q. The disc remains in
equilibrium.
For a force F of magnitude 150 N, determine the force in P.
force = ……………………. N [2]
3 The Moon may be considered to be an isolated sphere of radius 1.74 × 10 3 km with its mass
of 7.35 × 1022 kg concentrated at its centre.
(a) Show that the gravitational field strength at the surface of the moon is 1.62 N kg -1.
[1]

8
(b) A stone of mass 2.40 kg is situated on the surface of the moon.
(i) The stone is raised through a vertical height of 1800 m. Use the value of field
strength given in (a) to determine the change in gravitational potential energy of the
stone. Explain your working.
change in energy = ……………………….. J [2]
(ii) Show that the change in gravitational potential energy of the stone in moving it
from the Moon’s surface to infinity is 6.76 × 106 J.
[1]
(iii) The escape speed of the stone is the minimum speed that the stone must be given
when it is on the Moon’s surface so that it can escape to infinity.
Use the answer in (ii) to determine the escape speed. Explain your working.
speed = …………………. m s-1 [2]
9
(c) The Moon is assumed to be isolated in space. The Moon does, in fact, orbit the Earth.
State and explain whether the minimum speed for the stone to reach the Earth from the
surface of the Moon is different from the escape speed calculated in (b)(iii).
………………………………………………………………………………………...………….....
……………………………………………………………………………………..………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………....... [2]
4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows the variation of displacement, xA with time t at point P of sound wave A.
The wave has intensity I.
Fig. 4.1
A second sound wave B of the same frequency as sound wave A also passes
4
point P. This wave has intensity I . The phase difference between the two
9
waves is 60°.
On Fig. 4.1, sketch the variation with time t of the displacement xB of sound wave
B. [3]
(b) (i) State what is meant by the term polarisation when applied to a wave.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………................ [1]

10
(ii) Explain why only transverse waves can be polarised.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………................ [1]
(iii) Some films released have enabled viewing in three dimensions (3D). This can be
done using two superimposed polarised images on the screen. One of the images
is the scene as viewed by a left eye and the other the scene as viewed by a right
eye.
Explain how the images on the screen need to be polarised and how the
spectacles of the cinema-goer also need to be polarised.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
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…………………………………………………………………………………................[3]
5 (a) Define the term magnetic flux.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...
……………………………………………………………………..……………......................[1]
(b) State Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...
……………………………………………………………………..……………......................[1]
(c) Fig. 5.1 shows a square flat coil of insulated wire with side x = 0.020 m placed at
position Y. The coil has 1250 turns and the ends of the coil are connected to a
voltmeter. The coil moves sideways steadily through the region of magnetic field of flux
density 0.032 T at a speed of 0.10 m s-1 until it reaches position Z. The direction of the
field is out of the paper, and the total motion takes 1.0 s.
11
A rule
measuring
distance in
metre
Fig. 5.1
(i) Show that the voltmeter reading as the coil enters the field region, after t = 0.2 s, is
80 mV. Explain your reasoning fully.
[3]
(ii) On Fig. 5.2, draw a graph of the voltmeter reading against time for the motion of
the coil from Y to Z. Label the y-axis with a suitable scale.
voltmeter
reading 0 t/s
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Fig. 5.2
[2]

12
6 The variation with time t of the current I in a resistor is shown in Fig. 6.1.
Fig. 6.1
The variation of the current with time is sinusoidal.
(a) Explain why, although the current is not in one direction only, power is converted in the
resistor.
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….......... [1]
(b) By reference to heating effect, explain what is meant by the root-mean-square (r.m.s.)
value of an alternating current.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….......... [2]
(c) Using the relation between root-mean-square (r.m.s.) current and peak current, deduce
the value of the ratio
average pow er converted in the resistor

.
maximum pow er converted in the resistor
ratio = ……………………... [2]
13
7 (a) Describe how the electronic energy levels of atoms of an element change from sharp
distinct levels to broad bands as the phase changes from gas to solid.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...
……………………………………………………………………………………………..………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………....[3]
(b) A light-dependent resistor (LDR) made of intrinsic semiconductor has a resistance in

daylight of less than 1 kΩ, and in the dark about 1 MΩ. Explain in terms of band theory
why the resistance is smaller in daylight.
…………………………………………………………………………………………...................
……………………………………………………………………………………………..………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………...........[2]
8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a trolley attached to two identical horizontal springs each connected to a
rigid stand. The trolley is at rest at its equilibrium position and both springs remain
stretched at all times.
Fig. 8.1
The trolley is pulled to one side and released. Its subsequent oscillations are lightly
damped, and the frequency of its oscillations is given by
1 k
f 
2 m
where k is the spring constant of the system and m is the mass of the oscillating body.
(i) Explain what is meant by lightly damped oscillations.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [2]

14
(b) The graph in Fig. 8.2 shows how the trolley’s displacement varies with time as it
oscillates about its equilibrium position.
Fig 8.2
(i) As time t elapses, the amplitude A of the oscillation changes.
Use data from the dashed curves in Fig. 8.2 to complete the table below for
missing values of amplitude A and the natural logarithm of A.
A / cm t/s ln (A / cm)
16.0 0.0 2.8
0.8
10.9 1.6 2.4
9.0 2.4 2.2
7.4 3.2 2.0
[1]
15
(ii) Some data from the table in (b)(i) are used to plot the graph of Fig. 8.3.
×
1.0 2.0 3.0
Fig. 8.3
On Fig. 8.3,
1. plot the point corresponding to time t = 0.8 s, [1]
2. draw the best-fit line for all the plotted points. [1]
(iii) Determine the gradient of the line drawn in (ii) part 2.
gradient = ……………………………. [1]
(iv) Hence, state the equation for your graph in Fig. 8.3.
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [1]
(c) Describe how the oscillations in Fig. 8.2 would change if stiffer springs were used in the
setup of Fig. 8.1.
…………………………………………………………………………………………...................
……………………………………………………………………………………………..………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………...........[3]
(d) Suggest a limitation in using the trolley as a simplified model for the motion of an atom
in a crystal.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

16
9 A fairground ride carries passengers in chairs which are attached by metal rods to a rotating
central pole, as shown in Fig. 9.1. When the pole rotates with angular velocity , the rods
make an angle θ to the vertical.
Fig. 9.1
It is suggested that cos θ is inversely proportional to ω2.
Design a laboratory experiment, using a small object to represent an occupied chair, to test
the relationship between θ and ω.
You should draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement of your apparatus. In your
account you should pay particular attention to
(a) the equipment you would use,

(b) the procedure to be followed,
(c) the measurements to be taken,
(d) the control of variables,
(e) the analysis of the data,
(f) any precautions that would be taken to improve the accuracy and safety of the
experiment.
Diagram
17
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18
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [12]
1
2015 Prelim H2 Physics P2 Solutions
1 (a) constant acceleration or linear/uniform increase in velocity until 1.1 s

rebounds or bounces or changes direction
decelerates to zero velocity at the same acceleration as initial value
(b) (i) distance = first area above graph + second area below graph
= (1.1 × 10.8) / 2 + (0.9 × 8.8) / 2 (= 5.94 + 3.96)
= 9.9 m
(ii) displacement = first area above graph – second area below graph
= (1.1 × 10.8) / 2 – (0.9 × 8.8) / 2
= 2.0 (1.98) m
(c) (i) Change in velocity = – 8.8 – 10.8 = – 19.6 m s-1
Mean acceleration = change in velocity / time = –19.6 / 0.10
= – 196 m s-2
= – 200 m s-2 (2 s.f.)
(ii)
R
mg
R – mg = ma
R = ma + mg = 0.050 (196 + 9.81)
= 10.3 N (accept 10.5 N if acceleration is substituted as 200 m s -2)
2 (a) Resultant/net force on the body must be zero and

Resultant/net torque on the body about any axis must be zero.
(b) Let the force in spring S3 be F3, and the extension in spring S3 be x3.
At equilibrium F  0 ,
F3  2F cos 30  0
F3  kx3  2F cos 30
3
kx3  2kx
2
x3  x 3  1.73 x
(c) Either OR
Moment of F about C = 150 × 0.30 At eqbm   0 ,
= 45 N m CWM = ACWM
Let the force in P be T 150 × 0.30 = 2T × 0.06
45 = 2T × 0.06
T = 375 = 380 N T = 375 = 380 N
3 (a)
g
GM

6.67  10 7.35  10 
11 22
R2 1.74  10 
6 2
 1.62 N kg -1
(b) (i) As the change in height is much smaller than the radius of the planet,
 GPE  mgh
= 2.40 × 1.62 × 1800
= 7.00 × 103 J
9646/02/AJC2015/PrelimSolutions
2
(ii) GPE  GPE   GPEsurface
 GMm 
 0   
 R 

6.67  10 7.35  10 2.40
11 22
1.74  10 6
 6.76  10 6 J
(iii) change in KE = change in GPE

1 2
mv min  0  GPE
2
1
2.40v min2  6.76  10 6
2
v min  2.37  10 3 m s -1
(c) Possible reasons could include

 Earth would attract the stone
 Potential at Earth’s surface is not zero or less than zero
 Earth is nearer than infinity, less gain in GPE required to reach earth
Thus, the escape velocity would be lower.
4 (a) I  A 2
2
I B 4  AB 
  
I A 9  3  10 4 
AB  2  10 4 cm
Δt
Phase difference   360 o  60 o
T
Δt 1
 , so t  5.0  10 4 ms
3  10 3
6
wave B
OR
wave B
sinusoidal graph with same frequency as wave A

amplitude = 2.0 x 10-4 cm
correct phase (ignore lead/lag, look at x-axis only and allow ±1/2 big square)
3
(b) (i) Polarisation is where the oscillations in a wave are confined to one direction
only in a plane normal to the direction of transfer of energy of the wave.
(ii) For transverse wave, the displacements of the particles in the wave are at
right angles to the direction of transfer of energy of the wave.
(iii) If the left eye image is polarised vertically then the left eye spectacle must
also be polarised vertically
If the right eye image is polarised horizontally then the right eye spectacle
must also be polarised horizontally.
Since each image must only be seen by the correct eye, the angle between
the planes of polarisation of the two images must be a right angle.
5 (a) Magnetic flux is the product of the magnetic flux density and the area normal to
the field through which the field is passing.
(b) Faraday’s Law states that the emf induced in a conductor is proportional to the
rate of change of magnetic flux linkage.
(c) (i) Area swept out per second by one ΔMagnetic flux linkage
side of coil = xv = NBx2 – 0
= 1250 x 0.032 x 0.0202 - 0
= 0.016 Wb-turns
Total flux change per second = NBxv Time taken for change = distance /
speed = 0.020 / 0.10 = 0.20 s
By Faraday’s Law,
emf = NBxv emf = Magnetic flux linkage  0.016
emf = 1250 x 0.032 x 0.02 x 0.1 Time taken for change 0.20
emf = 0.08 V = 80 mV. emf= 0.08 V = 80 mV.
(ii) appropriate y-scale labelled ‘square pulse’ shape with equal positive and
negative value (+80 mV and -80 mV)
value changes within correct time zones, t = 0.2 to 0.4, 0.6 to 0.8 s
100
50
voltmeter t/s
reading / mV
-50
-100
9646/02/AJC2015/PrelimSolutions [Turn Over

4
2
6 (a) power / heating depends on I , independent of current direction
(b) the value of the steady direct current which

produces heat at the same rate as the alternating current in a given resistor
(c) Since I0 = √2 ×I rms and P = I2R 2
I rms R
ratio 
Pmax = 2 × Paverage
 2
2 I rms R
ratio = 0.5  0.5
7 (a) From gas to solid, the atoms of the element come closer together.
Electric fields due to their charges / outer electrons overlap/interact, the energy
levels begin to split.
Solid has large number of atoms so the levels are close together
/indistinguishable, thus a band is formed.
(b) Light photons / light energy / thermal energy promote more electrons from valence
band to conduction band, leaving more holes in the valence band.
Number of charge carriers increase, so resistance is lower.
8 (a) object undergoing a number of complete to and fro movement about a fixed point
amplitude of vibration decreasing (exponentially) with time
(b) (i)
A / cm t/s ln (A / cm)
16.0 0.0 2.8
13.0 0.8 2.6
10.9 1.6 2.4
9.0 2.4 2.2
7.4 3.2 2.0
Point read from graph correctly to appropriate d.p.
Value of ln A calculated correctly to appropriate d.p.
5
(ii)
×
1.0 2.0 3.0
1. Point corresponding to t = 0.8 s and ln A = 2.6 plotted correctly
2. Best fit line drawn
(iii) 2.8  2.0
gradient =  0.25
0  3.2
(iv) ln A  2.8  0.25t

(c) Stiffer springs have higher spring constants.
Since f  k , the oscillating frequency will be higher / Period of oscillations will

be shorter
Amplitude of oscillation decreases more rapidly.
(d) Trolley oscillates in 1 dimension only, while atom oscillates in 3 dimensions

Trolley experiences damping forces, while atom in crystal has total energy
conserved
(Any relevant point, max 1)

6
9 Diagram metre rule
 rod
h
object
pole
retort clamps motor

stand
clamps retort
stand
resistor dc supply
bench
Procedure
1 Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
2 Clamp a motor using a retort stand.
3 Attach a (metal) pole to a motor.
4 Measure the length of the (rigid) rods l using a metre rule.
5 At the top of the pole, attach a (rigid) rod on each side of the pole.
6 Attach a small object at the end of each rod.
7 Switch on the motor. Measure and record the time taken t for N rotations of the object
using a stopwatch.
8 Repeat step 7 to find the average time t ave for N rotations.
9 Find period using T = tave/N and calculate  using  = 2/T.
10 Measure and record h using the metre rule. Calculate the angle  using cos  = h/ l.
11 Repeat the experiment by varying the resistance of the resistor connected to motor to
obtain 6 sets of readings of  and .
Control of variable:
Keep the length of the rod constant by using the same rod.
Analysis:
1 Plot a graph of cos  against 1/2.
2. The relationship is valid if the graph plotted is a straight line passing through the origin.
Safety:
1. Use a protective screen in case the object detaches from the pole.
Reliability:
1 Use a set square to ensure that the pole is vertical.
2 Raw time t should be more than 10 seconds (or time at least 10 rotations) to reduce
random error due to human reaction time.
3 Start timing only when the motion is steady so that timing will be accurate.
4 Take preliminary readings to find suitable range of the variables (t and ).
5 Use of a fiducial mark (e.g metre rule) fixed at a point perpendicular to the motion the
object so that the start of the first rotation and the end of last rotation / the counting of
rotations can be noted easier.
6 Calculate  using cos  = h/ l so that  measured is more accurate.
7
Or
9 Diagram metre rule
protractor
 rod
object
pole
retort clamps motor

stand
clamps retort
stand
resistor dc supply
bench
Procedure
1 Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
2 Clamp a motor using a retort stand.
3 Attach a (metal) pole to a motor.
4 At the top of the pole, attach a (rigid) rod on each side of the pole.
5 Attach a small object at the end of each rod.
6 Switch on the motor. Measure and record the time taken t for N rotations of the object
using a stopwatch.
7 Repeat step 6 to find the average time t ave for N rotations.
8 Find period using T = tave/N and calculate  using  = 2/T.
9 Measure and record the angle  using a protractor fixed to the pole (using blu-tack).
10 Repeat the experiment by varying the resistance of the resistor connected to motor to
obtain 6 sets of readings of  and .
Control of variable:
Keep the length of the rod constant by using the same rod.
Analysis:
1 Plot a graph of cos  against 1/2.
2 The relationship is valid if the graph plotted is a straight line passing through the origin.
Safety:
1 Use a protective screen in case the object detaches from the pole.
Reliability:
1 Use a set square to ensure that the pole is vertical.

2 Raw time t should be more than 10 seconds (or time at least 10 rotations) to reduce
random error due to human reaction time.
3 Start timing only when the motion is steady/stable so that timing will be accurate.
4 Take preliminary readings to find suitable range of the variables (t and )
5 Use of a fiducial mark (e.g metre rule) fixed at a point perpendicular to the motion the
object so that the start of the first rotation and the end of last rotation (or the counting of
rotations) can be noted easier.
6 Use large protractor fixed to pole so that  measured is more accurate.
[Total: 12]

1
PDG
Candidate Name ( )
PHYSICS 9646/03
Higher 2
Paper 3 Longer Structured Questions Thursday 17 September 2015
2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.
Write your name and PDG in the spaces at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where

appropriate.
Section A For Examiner’s Use

Answer all questions.
1
Section B 2
Answer any two questions
3
You are advised to spend about one hour on each section.
4
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
5
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each
question or part question. 6
Deduction
Total
This document consists of 23 printed pages and 1 blank page

2
Data
(1/(36)) x 10−9 F m−1
3
Formulae
1 2
2
v2 = u2 + 2as
m
gravitational potential, ϕ = −G
r
velocity of particle in s.h.m., v = v0 cos t
2
v = ± ω (x0  x 2 )
3
2
Q
4  ε0 r

8 2 mU  E 
where k =
h2
0.693
t1
2

4
Section A
Answer all the questions in this Section.
1 A particle has mass m and charge +q and is travelling with speed v through a vacuum.
The initial direction of travel is parallel to the plane of two charged horizontal metal plates, as
shown in Fig. 1.1.
Fig. 1.1
The uniform electric field between the plates has magnitude 2.8 × 10 4 V m–1 and is zero
outside the plates.
The particle passes between the plates and emerges beyond them, as illustrated in Fig. 1.1.
(a) Explain why the path of the particle in the electric field is not an arc of a circle.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….………..
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…………………………………………………………………………………………….......... [1]
(b) A uniform magnetic field is now formed in the region between the metal plates. The
magnetic field strength is adjusted so that the positively charged particle passes
undeviated between the plates, as shown in Fig. 1.2.
Fig. 1.2
5
(i) State and explain the direction of the magnetic field.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [2]
(ii) The particle has speed 4.7 × 105 m s–1.

Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic flux density.
Explain your working.
magnetic flux density = ……………………………. T [2]
(c) The particle in (b) has mass m, charge +q and speed v.

Without any further calculation, state the effect, if any, on the path of a particle that has
(i) mass m, charge -q and speed v,
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [1]
(ii) mass m, charge +q and speed 2v,
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [1]
(iii) mass 2m, charge +q and speed v.
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [1]

6
2 A battery of e.m.f. 4.50 V and negligible internal resistance is connected in series with a fixed
resistor of resistance 1200 Ω and a thermistor, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
Fig. 2.1
(a) At room temperature, the thermistor has a resistance of 1800 Ω. Deduce that the
potential difference across the thermistor (across AB) is 2.70 V.
[1]
(b) A uniform resistance wire PQ of length 1.00 m is now connected in parallel with the
resistor and the thermistor, as shown in Fig. 2.2.
Fig. 2.2
7
A sensitive voltmeter is connected between point B and a moveable contact M on the
wire.
(i) Explain why, for constant current in the resistance wire, the potential difference
between any two points on the wire is proportional to the distance between the
points.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [2]
(ii) The contact M is moved along PQ until the voltmeter shows zero reading.
1. State the potential difference between the contact at M and the point Q.
potential difference = ……………………………. V [1]
2. Calculate the length of wire between M and Q.
length = ………………………..… cm [2]
(iii) The thermistor is warmed slightly. State and explain the effect on the length of wire
between M and Q for the voltmeter to remain at zero deflection.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [2]

8
3 (a) Explain what is meant by a photon.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….......... [2]
(b) An X-ray photon of wavelength 6.50 × 10–12 m is incident on an isolated stationary

electron, as illustrated in Fig. 3.1.
Fig. 3.1
The photon is deflected elastically by the electron of mass me. The wavelength of the
deflected photon is 6.84 × 10−12 m.
(i) On Fig. 3.1, draw an arrow to indicate a possible initial direction of motion of the
electron after the photon has been deflected. [1]
(ii) Calculate
1. the change in energy of the deflected photon.
change in photon energy = ……………………………. J [2]
2. the speed of the electron after the photon has been deflected.
speed = ………………………..… m s-1 [2]
9
(c) Explain why the magnitude of the final momentum of the electron is not equal to the
change in magnitude of the momentum of the photon.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….......... [2]
(d) The angle θ through which the photon is deflected is given by the expression
h
  (1  cos )
mec
where Δλ is the change in wavelength of the photon, h is the Planck constant and c is
the speed of light in free space.
(i) Calculate the angle θ.
θ = ……………………………. ° [2]
(ii) Use energy considerations to suggest why Δλ must always be positive.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [2]

10
4 (a) An equation for one possible nuclear reaction is
4 14
2 He  7 N → 178 O  11H
Data for the masses of the nuclei are given in Fig. 4.1.
mass / u
proton
1
H 1.00728
1
-particle 4
He 4.00260
2
nitrogen-14 14 14.00307
7N
oxygen-17 17 16.99913
8O
Fig. 4.1
(i) Calculate the energy change, in joules, associated with this reaction.
energy = …………………………….J [2]
(ii) Suggest and explain why, for this reaction to occur, the -particle must have a
minimum speed.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [2]
11
(b) One particular fission reaction may be represented by the nuclear equation
235
92 U  01n  141
56 Ba  92
36 Kr  301 n
Barium-141 has a half-life of 18 minutes. The half-life of Krypton-92 is 3.0 s.

In the fission reaction of a mass of Uranium-235, equal numbers of barium and krypton
nuclei are produced.
(i) Estimate the time taken after the fission of the sample of uranium for the ratio
number of Barium - 141 nuclei

number of Krypton - 92 nuclei
to be approximately equal to 8.
time = …………………………….s [3]
(ii) Suggest why measurement of the mass and activity of a sample of Barium-141 is
not appropriate for the determination of its half-life.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [1]
(c) The isotopes Radium-224 ( 224 Ra ) and Radium-226 ( 226 Ra ) both undergo spontaneous
88 88
-particle decay. The energy of the -particles emitted from Radium-224 is 5.68 MeV
and from Radium-226, 4.78 MeV.
(i) State what is meant by the decay constant of a radioactive nucleus.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [1]
(ii) Suggest, with a reason, which of the two isotopes has the larger decay constant.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [2]

12
Section B
Answer two questions from this Section in the spaces provided.
5 (a) State what is meant by a line of force in
(i) a gravitational field,
……………………………………………………………………………….…………........
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [1]
(ii) an electric field.
……………………………………………………………………………….…………........
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [1]
(b) A charged metal sphere is isolated in space.

State one similarity and one difference between the gravitational force field and the
electric force field around the sphere.
similarity ……………………………………………………………………................................
………………………………………………………………………………….............................
difference ……………………………………………………………………………….…………
………………………………………………………………………………….............................
……………………………………………………………………………….…………........…. [3]
(c) Two horizontal metal plates are separated by a distance of 1.8 cm in a vacuum.
A potential difference of 270 V is maintained between the plates, as shown in Fig. 5.1.
Fig. 5.1
A proton is in the space between the plates.
13
Explain quantitatively why, when predicting the motion of the proton between the plates,
the gravitational field is not taken into consideration.
[3]
(d) Define electric potential at a point.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….......... [1]
(e) Two point charges A and B are separated by a distance of 20 nm in a vacuum, as

illustrated in Fig. 5.2.
Fig. 5.2
A point P is a distance x from A along the line AB.

14
The variation with distance x of the electric potential VA due to charge A alone is shown
in Fig. 5.3.
Fig. 5.3
The variation with distance x of the electric potential VB due to charge B alone is also
shown in Fig. 5.3.
(i) State and explain whether the charges A and B are of the same, or opposite, sign.
……………………………………………………………………………….…………........
……………………………………………………………………………….…………........
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [2]
(ii) Use Fig. 5.3 to determine the charge on A.
charge = ……………………………C [2]
(iii) By reference to Fig. 5.3, state how the combined electric potential due to both
charges may be determined.
……………………………………………………………………………….…………........
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [1]
15
(iv) Without any calculation, use Fig. 5.3 to estimate the distance x at which the
combined electric potential of the two charges is a minimum.
x = ……………………………nm [1]
(v) The point P is a distance x = 10 nm from A.

An -particle has kinetic energy EK when at infinity.
Use Fig. 5.3 to determine the minimum value of EK such that the -particle may
travel from infinity to point P.
EK = ……………………………J [3]
(vi) On Fig.5.4, sketch the variation with x of the combined electric field strength E due
to the two point charges A and B for values of x from 6 nm to 14 nm.
E
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
x / nm
Fig. 5.4
[2]

16
6 (a) A student states, quite wrongly, that temperature measures the amount of thermal
energy in a body.
State and explain two observations that show why this statement is incorrect.
1.……………………………………………..………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………….………………………....................
2…………………………………………………………….……………………….………….......
……………………………………………………………….………………………....................
[2]
(b) (i) Define specific latent heat.
.……………………………………………………………………………….......................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [1]
(ii) A beaker containing a liquid is placed on a balance, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
Fig. 6.1
A heater of power 110 W is immersed in the liquid. The heater is switched on and,
when the liquid is boiling, balance readings m are taken at corresponding times t.
17
A graph of the variation with time t of the balance reading m is shown in Fig. 6.2.
380
m/g
360
340
320
300
0 2 4 6 8
t / min
Fig. 6.2
1. State the feature of Fig. 6.2 which suggests that the liquid is boiling at a
steady rate.
……………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………................[1]
2. Use data from Fig. 6.2 to determine a value for the specific latent heat L of
vaporisation of the liquid.
L = …………………………………. J kg-1 [2]
(iii) State, with a reason, whether the value determined in (b)(ii) part 2 is likely to be
an overestimate or an underestimate of the normally accepted value for the
specific latent heat of vaporisation of the liquid.
....………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
...……………………………………………………………………………….…………. [2]

18
(c) (i) State what is meant by the internal energy of a gas.
..……………………………………………………………………………….....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
.……………………………………………………………………………….………….. [1]
(ii) The equation
pV = constant T
relates the pressure p and volume V of a gas to its thermodynamic temperature T.
State two conditions for the equation to be valid.
1.………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
2.………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
[2]
(iii) A container has a volume of 2.1 x 10 -3 m3. On a day when the temperature is
15°C, the pressure of the air in the container is 280 kPa.
Based on the conditions stated in (c)(ii), calculate
1. the number of moles n of air in the container,
n = …………………………….mol [2]
2. the new temperature of the air in the container when the container is heated
until the pressure rises to 290 kPa.
Assume that no air has leaked from the container and that the volume is
constant.
temperature = …………………………….°C [1]
19
(d) (i) Write down an equation representing the first law of thermodynamics, defining your
symbols carefully.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
….……...………………………………………………………………………....................
…..…………………………………………………………………………….…………. [1]
(ii) The volume occupied by 1.00 mol of liquid water at 100°C is 1.87 x 10-5 m3. When
the water is vaporised at an atmospheric pressure of 1.01 x 105 Pa, the water
vapour has a volume of 2.96 x 10-2 m3.
The latent heat required to vaporise 1.00 mol of water at 100°C and 1.01 x 105 Pa
is 4.05 x 104 J.
Determine, for this change of state, the change in internal energy of the system.
change in internal energy = …………………………….J [3]
(iii) Using your answer to (d)(ii), estimate the binding energy per molecule in liquid
water.
binding energy per molecule = …………………………….J [2]

20
7 (a) State what is meant by the principle of superposition of waves.
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………......... [2]
(b) Fig. 7.1 shows an arrangement which can be used to determine the speed of sound in
air.
Fig. 7.1
The loudspeaker emits a sinusoidal sound wave. The electrical signals from the two
microphones P and Q are added together in the electronic "signal adder" and the
resultant signal is displayed on the cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) screen. This
process may be regarded as equivalent to the superposition of the waves.
Microphone Q is fixed and microphone P is slowly moved back along the edge of the
ruler.
(i) Fig. 7.2 shows the appearance of the trace on the c.r.o. when both microphones
are at the left hand end of the ruler i.e. the same distance from the loudspeaker.
1 cm
Fig. 7.2
21
The time-base setting of the c.r.o. is 0.2 ms / cm.
Determine the frequency of the sound wave.
frequency = ……………………………. Hz [1]
(ii) As P is moved slowly along the edge of the ruler, the amplitude of the trace is seen
to decrease, then increase, then decrease and so on. Explain
1. why the amplitude is a maximum when P and Q are at the left end of the ruler
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [2]
2. why the amplitude of the trace varies.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [2]
(iii) The first minimum of the amplitude occurs when P is at a distance of 6.8 cm from
the left hand end of the ruler. Determine the speed of the sound in air.
speed = ……………………………. m s-1 [2]

22
(c) Fig. 7.3 shows an arrangement for producing stationary waves in a tube that is closed at
one end.
Fig. 7.3
(i) Explain how waves from the loudspeaker produce stationary waves in the tube.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [2]
(ii) One of the stationary waves that may be formed in the tube is represented in
Fig. 7.4.
Fig. 7.4
1. Describe the motion of the air particles in the tube at
A. point P,
…………………………………………………………………………………..........[1]
B. point S.
…………………………………………………………………………………..........[1]
2. The wavelength of the sound is 0.375 m. Calculate the length of the tube.
length = …………………. m [1]
23
(d) Fig. 7.5 represents light of wavelength 589 nm emitted from two sources. The time axes
have the same scales.
Fig. 7.5
(i) Calculate the frequency of the light waves of wavelength 589 nm.
frequency = ……………………………. Hz [1]
(ii) Find the approximate value of time t shown in Fig. 7.5.
t = ……………………………. s [2]
(iii) Explain why the light from these two sources is not coherent.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [1]
(iv) Explain why sources that are not coherent do not produce a visible interference
pattern.
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
…………………………………………………………………………………....................
……………………………………………………………………………….………….... [2]

1
2015 AJC Prelim H2 Phy P3 Suggested solutions
Section A
1 (a) either constant speed parallel to plate

or accelerating force is in direction of electric field
so not circular
(b) (i) direction of force due to magnetic field opposite to that due to electric
field
magnetic field into plane of page (using Fleming’s left hand rule)
(ii) force due to magnetic field = force due to electric field

Bqv = qE
B=E/v
= (2.8 × 104) / (4.7 × 105)
= 6.0 × 10–2 T
(c) (i) no change / not deviated
(ii) deviated upwards
(iii) no change / not deviated
2 (a) ER 1
V 
R1  R 2
1800
  4.50
3000
 2.70 V
(b) (i) for a wire, V = IR = I (ρL/A)

ρ and A are constant
so V ∝ L
(ii) 1. 2.70 V
2. L 2.70

100 4.50
L  60.0 cm
(iii) thermistor resistance decreases as temperature rises
so QM is shorter
3 (a) a photon is a quantum of electromagnetic energy

which is dependent only on the frequency of the radiation (or mention E=hf)
(b) (i) arrow below axis and pointing to right

2
(ii) 1. hc hc
change in energy of photon = 
f i
 1 1 
= (6.63  10 34  3.0  108 ) 12
 12 
 6.84  10 6.50  10 
15
=  1.52  10 J (accept +ve value)
2. gain in energy of electron = loss in energy of photon

½ m v2 = 1.52  10 15
v = 5.78  10 7 m s -1
(c) momentum is a vector quantity

either must consider momentum in two directions
or direction changes so cannot just consider magnitude
(d) (i) 6.63  10 34

6.84  10 12  6.50  10 12  1  cos 
9.11 10 31  3.0  10 8
θ = 30.7°
(ii) photon loses energy to the deflected electron

deflected photon has less energy, longer wavelength (so Δλ always
positive)
4 (a) (i) m = (4.00260u + 14.00307u) – (16.99913u + 1.00728u) =-7.4 × 10-4u

Energy = (m)c2
= (7.4 × 10-4 × 1.66 × 10-27) × ( 3.0 × 108 )2
= 1.1 × 10-13 J
(ii) Mass of products greater than mass of reactants

this mass/energy provided from kinetic energy of the -particle
(b) (i) Krypton-92 reduced to 1/8 in 9 s

in 9 s, very little decay of Barium-141(number of nuclei remains almost
constant during this period as half-life is 1080 s)
so, approximately 9 s
OR
λKr = 0.231 s-1 or λBa = 6.42 × 10-4 s-1
The initial number of nuclei for Barium-141 and Krypton-92 are the
same.
-4
e -6.42×10 t
8 = -0.231t
e
t = 9.0 s (max 2 s.f.)
3
(ii) Sample/activity would decay appreciably whilst measurements are
being made
OR
Barium-141 has large decay constant (short half-life), the activity
would change considerably during the time of measurement.
(c) (i) The radioactive decay constant is the probability of decay per unit time
of a nucleus.
(ii) greater energy of -particle means (parent) nucleus less stable,

nucleus more likely to decay
hence Radium-224.
Section B
5 (a) (i) (tangent to line gives) direction of force on a (small test) mass
(ii) (tangent to line gives) direction of force on a (small test) positive
charge
(b) similarity:
e.g. radial fields
or lines normal to surface
or greater separation of lines with increased distance from sphere
or field strength ∝ 1 / (distance to centre of sphere)2
difference:
e.g. gravitational force (always) towards sphere
electric force direction depends on sign of charge on sphere; can be
towards or away from sphere
or
e.g. gravitational field/force is attractive
electric field/force is attractive or repulsive
(c) gravitational force = mpg = 1.67 × 10–27 × 9.81

= 1.6 × 10–26 N
electric force = qp(E/d) = 1.6 × 10–19 × 270 / (1.8 × 10–2)

= 2.4 × 10–15 N
electric force very much greater than gravitational force
(d) work done per unit positive charge in moving a point charge from infinity to the
point.
(e) (i) either both potentials are positive or same sign

so same sign
or gradients are positive & negative so fields in opposite directions
so same sign
(ii) VA = 0.36 V when x = 8 nm (any value from graph of VA)

4
QA
VA =
4 o x
QA = 3.2 x 10-19 C
(iii) the individual potentials are summed
(iv) x = 11 nm (allow value of x between 10 nm and 13 nm )

(v) V = 0.14 + 0.29 = 0.43 V (allow 0.42 V → 0.44 V)
V at infinity is zero
WD to move  particle from infinity to P
= qV
= 2 × 1.6 × 10–19 × 0.43
= 1.4 × 10–19 J
WD = Ek lost
Ek at infinity is min if Ek at P is zero.
Hence min EK = 1.4 × 10–19 J
(vi)
E
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
x / nm
Or
E
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
x / nm
E fields in opposite directions; correct curvature

Graph crosses the x-axis at x= 11 nm (same as ans given in b(iv);
allow  0.5 nm for point plotted) and magnitude of E at 6 nm  E at 14
nm with correct range (6 nm to 14 nm)
5
6 (a) - two objects of different masses of same material require different amount
of thermal energy to raise 1 K.
- temperature shows direction of thermal energy transfer, from high to low

regardless of objects
- when substance melts/boils, thermal energy is supplied but no temperature

change
(Any two, max 2 marks).
(b) (i) Specific latent heat is the thermal energy required to change the state
of unit mass of a substance without any change of temperature.
(ii) 1. constant gradient/straight line (allow constant slope)

2. Pt = mL or power = gradient × L
Use of gradient of graph
(or two points separated by at least 3.5 minutes)
110 × (7.0 - 0)× 60 = L × (372 – 325) × 10-3

L = 9.80 × 105 J kg-1 (accept 2 s.f.) (allow 9.8 to 9.9 rounded to
2.s.f.)
(iii) some energy / heat is lost to surroundings or vapour condenses on

sides,
so value is an overestimate
(c) (i) The internal energy is the sum of the random kinetic
and potential energies of all the molecules of a gas.
(ii) fixed mass / amount of gas

ideal gas
pV
(iii) 1. n=
RT
= 2.8 x 105 x 2.1 x 10-3 / (8.31 x 288)
= 0.246 or 0.25 mol
2. p
= constant  T = (290/280) x 288
T
= 298 K , i.e. new temperature = 25 °C
pV
Note: Accept using  nRT with n = 0.25 mol,
T
new temperature = 20 °C
(d) (i) U = q + w
U – increase in internal energy of the system
q – energy (heat) supplied to the system
w – work done on the system
(ii) work done by the system = pV

= 1.01 × 105 × (2.96 × 10-2 – 1.87 × 10-5)
= 2987 J

6
Hence work done on the system =  2987 J

energy supplied = 4.05 x 104 J
change in internal energy = 4.05 x 104 + ( 2987) = 3.75 x 104 J
(iii) Number of molecules in 1.00 mol of liquid water = 6.02 x 10 23

Binding energy per molecule = 3.75 x 104 / (6.02 x 1023)
= 6.23 x 10-20 J
7 (a) The principle of superposition states that when two waves meet at a point,
the resultant displacement is equal to the vector sum of the individual
displacements.
(b) (i) 1 cycle represented by 2 cm.

period = 2 x 0.2 ms = 4.0 x 10-4 s
frequency = 1/period
= 1/(4.0 x 10-4) = 2500 Hz
(ii) 1. P & Q same distance from speaker OR in phase OR zero path

diff.
hence constructive interference/superposition
(do not allow arguments based on: nodes and antinodes/standing
waves OR "microphones closer to loudspeaker”)
2. as P is moved, path difference increases/changes

minima when P moves odd number of ½ s & maxima if P moves
whole number of s
OR minima when waves meet out of phase & maxima when
waves meet in phase
OR minima when path difference is odd number of ½ s &
maxima when path difference is whole number of s
(iii) First minimum corresponds to ½  path difference

Wavelength,  = 2 x 6.8 = 13.6 cm = 0.136 m
v = f
 v = 2500 x 0.136 = 340 m s-1
(c) (i) Incident wave superpose with the reflected wave at closed end
stationary wave formed if tube length equivalent to
λ / 4, 3λ / 4, etc.
1. A. no motion (as node) / zero amplitude
B. vibration backwards and forwards /

maximum amplitude along length
7
2. 3
L
4
L  0.75  0.375
 0.281 m
(d) (i) frequency, f = (3.00 x 108)/(589 x 10-9) = 5.09 x 1014 Hz
(ii)
15 cm
10.5 waves in 4.3 cm
10.5
10.5 waves in 4.3 cm  15 cm will have  15  37 w aves
4.3
Accept 32 to 42 waves in t
T = 1/f = 1.96 x 10-15 s, so t ≈ 7 x 10-14 s
(iii) from two different sources/not a constant phase difference
(iv) Any of the below:

any coherence between one set of pulses/waves and another set
cannot last
phase difference between the pulses/waves changes with time
position of fringes formed on screen varies
so any pattern only lasts for a very short time

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ANDERSON JUNIOR COLLEGE

2015 JC2 Preliminary Examination

Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

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Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page

9646/01/AJC2015/Prelim [Turn Over

speed of light in free space, c = 3.00 x 108 m s−1

permeability of free space,  0 = 4 x 10−7 H m−1

permittivity of free space,  0 = 8.85 x 10−12 F m−1

(1/(36)) x 10−9 F m−1

elementary charge, e = 1.60 x 10−19 C

the Planck constant, h = 6.63 x 10−34 J s

unified atomic mass constant, u = 1.66 x 10−27 kg

rest mass of electron, me = 9.11 x 10−31 kg

rest mass of proton, mp = 1.67 x 10−27 kg

molar gas constant, R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1

the Avogadro constant, NA = 6.02 x 1023 mol−1

the Boltzmann constant, k = 1.38 x 10−23 J K−1

gravitational constant, G = 6.67 x 10−11 N m2 kg−2

acceleration of free fall. g = 9.81 m s−2

work done on/by a gas, W = pV

displacement of particle in s.h.m., x = x0 sin t

velocity of particle in s.h.m., v  v 0 cos t

resistors in parallel, 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + …

alternating current/voltage, x = x0 sin t

transmission coefficient, T  exp(−2kd)

radioactive decay, x = x0exp(− t)

9646/01/AJC2015/Prelim [Turn Over

2 The diagram shows part of a thermometer.

3 The acceleration of free fall on the Moon is one-sixth of that on Earth.

On Earth it takes time t for a stone to fall from rest a distance of 2 m.

4 A hosepipe is fixed as shown.

What is the expression for distance d? (Ignore air resistance.)

A 30 N B 270 N C 1800 N D 10800 N

What is the speed of the trucks after the collision?

9646/01/AJC2015/Prelim [Turn Over

Which statement is correct?

A The energy recovered when the load is removed is about 10 J.

B The work done in stretching the rubber band is about 5 J.

What is the order of increasing magnitude of these three forces?

A upthrust → viscous drag → weight

B viscous drag → upthrust → weight

C viscous drag → weight → upthrust

D weight → upthrust → viscous drag

10 A projectile is launched at 30° to the horizontal with initial kinetic energy E.

A 0.50 E B 0.71 E C 0.75 E D 0.87 E

11 A mass m is situated in a uniform gravitational field.

When the mass moves through a displacement x, from P to Q, it loses an amount of

9646/01/AJC2015/Prelim [Turn Over

The mass loses potential energy E in falling from P to T.

13 A satellite is in a circular orbit of radius r around the Earth.

The orbital period of the satellite is T.

A second satellite, in a different circular orbit, has an orbital period 64T.

What is the radius of the orbit of the second satellite?

What does the shaded area on the graph represent?