Lecture1# 115

GENERAL PHYSICS 1
“PHYS.115”
No. of
List of Topics Contact hours
Weeks
Physics and Measurement
Introduction
1 3
Standards of Length, Mass, and Time. -
Conversion of Units.
Motion in One Dimension
Position velocity and speed and Acceleration -
1 3
One dimensional motion with constant -
acceleration
Vectors
Coordinate systems -
1 3
Vector and scalar quantities -
Properties and component of vectors -
The Law of Motion
The concepts of force -
Newtons first law of motion and inertial frame - 1 3
Newton second law of motion -
The gravitational force and weight -
Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
Work: The Scientific Definition 1 3
Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem.
Fluid Statics and Dynamics
What Is a Fluid, Density, Pressure 1 3
Pressure Measurement
Pressures in the Body
Fluid Dynamics
Flow Rate and Its Relation to Velocity
1 3
Bernoulli’s Equation
Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
Waves and wave motion
Waves, Frequency, and Wavelength
1 3
Propagation of a wave
Nature of light
Light and Optics
Nature of light
Laws of reflection and refraction 1 3
lenses
Physics of the Eye and Vision Correction
Physics of Hearing
Sound, Speed of Sound, Frequency, and
Wavelength
1 3
Sound Intensity and Sound Level
Hearing
Ultrasound .
Thermal Physics and heat
Temperature and its measurement.
Body temperature and its limits,
1 3
Forms of heat loss from the body
Waves and wave motion
Propagation of a Disturbance
Sinusoidal Waves
1 3
Nature of light
Physics of Hearing
Sound, Speed of Sound, Frequency, and Wavelength
Sound Intensity and Sound Level
Doppler Effect
1 3
Hearing
Ultrasound .
Vision and Optical Instruments
Physics of the Eye
Vision Correction
1 3
Color and Color Vision
# Assessment task* Week Due Score
1 Midterm Exam 6-8th week 20%
2 Quiz +Assignments All through semester 20%
3 Lab Exam Later On 10%
4 Lab Reports All through semester 10%
5 Final Exam College schedule 40 %
Total Grades 100%
#Essential reference book:

Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Serway Jewett
Physics and Measurements
• Physics Introduction
• Standards of Length, Mass, and Time.
• Conversion of Units.
PHYSICS INTRODUCTION
▪Fundamental Science
▪ Concerned with the fundamental principles of the
Universe
▪ Foundation of other physical sciences
▪ Has simplicity of fundamental concepts
▪Divided into Six major areas:

1. Classical Mechanics
2. Relativity
3. Thermodynamics
4. Electromagnetism
5. Optics
6. Quantum Mechanics
CLASSICAL PHYSICS
▪ Mechanics and electromagnetism are basic to all
other branches of classical and modern physics
Classic Physics Modern Physics
1900
OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICS
▪ To understand natural phenomena.
▪ To develop theories for future experiments.
▪ Express the laws in the language of mathematics.
“Mathematics provides the bridge between theory

and experiment”
Model, Theory, Law
• Model: An similarity of a physical phenomenon to
something we are familiar with.
• Theory: More detailed than a model. Puts the model

into mathematical language.
• Law
• A concise & general statement about how nature
behaves.
MEASUREMENTS
▪ Used to describe natural phenomena.
▪ Needs defined standards.
▪ Characteristics of standards for measurements:

▪ Readily accessible
▪ Possess some property that can be measured reliably
▪ Must yield the same results when used by anyone anywhere
▪ Cannot change with time

Measurement & Uncertainty
No measurement is exact.
Why????
because of the following reasons:
1)limited instrument accuracy.
2)Difficulty of reading results.
Measurement & Uncertainty
• Experiments are NEVER 100% accurate. They ALWAYS
have UNCERTAINTY in the final result.
Experimental Error
# Consider a simple measurement of the width of a board. Suppose the
result is 23.2 cm.
#If our measurement is only accurate to an estimated 0.1 cm.
How do we write it????

The width is written as (23.2  0.1) cm
Experimental
#The Percent Uncertainty is then:
Uncertainty
 (0.1/23.2)  100   0.4%

Example
# Consider a simple measurement of the height of a board. Suppose the
result is 15.9 cm.
#If our measurement is only accurate to an estimated 0.2 cm.
1) Write the height with the Experimental Uncertainty.

2) Find the Uncertainty Percent.
Answer
# The height is written as (15.9  0.2) cm

Experimental
Uncertainty
# The Uncertainty Percent is then:
 (0.2/15.9)  100   1.25%

Systems, Standards, Units
# All measured physical quantities have units.
# There are many system but we will take one
system in this course.
System International
(SI)
Meter, Kilogram, Second
Or called
“MKS System”
“ Metric System”
SI or MKS System
• Defined in terms of standards for :
length, mass, time
• Length unit: Meter (m)
• Time unit: Second (s)
• Mass unit: Kilogram (kg)

FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES AND THEIR UNITS
Quantity SI Unit
Length meter
Mass kilogram
Time second
Temperature Kelvin
Electric Current Ampere
Luminous Intensity Candela
Amount of Substance mole
Prefixes (Powers of 10 (Scientific Notation))
• It is common to express very large or very small

numbers using power of 10 notation.
• Examples:
39,600 = 3.96  104
(moved decimal 4 places to left)
0.0021 = 2.1  10-3

(moved decimal 3 places to right)
Examples
21,600 = 2.16  104

3000 = 3  103
17,000,000 = 17  106
0.0041 = 4.1  10-3
0.02 = 2  10-2
0.000066 = 6.6  10-5
Table (1) Table (2)
Basic & Derived Quantities
• Basic Quantity  Must be defined in terms of a

standard (meter, kilogram, second).
• Derived Quantity  Defined in terms of

combinations of basic quantities.
Examples
Find the physical quantities of the following:
Acceleration
Force
Units and Equations
“Conversions”
• The units must be same as each other in the equations!
#Example: You go 90 km/hr for 40 minutes.
How far did you go ?
#Answer;
– The equation of motion is X=vt
– v= 90 km/hr , t = 40 min first convert to hour
t = (40/60)hr so,
x = (90 km/hr)  [(40/60)hr] = 60 km
The hour unit (hr) has cancelled out in the numerator &denominator!
Example
Answer
DIMENSIONS AND UNITS
Each dimension can have many units.
Table (1.5) for the dimensions and units of some

derived quantities.
Dimensions and units for quantity
quantities units Dimensions
mass kg M
length m L
Time s T
Example
*Find the dimensions:
- The Speed:
- The Acceleration:
- The Density:
- The Force:
ANSWER
# The speed v=d/t v=m/s v=L/T
#The Acceleration a=v/t a=m/s^2 a=L/T^2
# The Density (ρ = m/V) kg.m^3 M/L^3
# The Force F=m x a kg.m/s^2 ML/T^2

END

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GENERAL PHYSICS 1

#Essential reference book:

▪Divided into Six major areas:

other branches of classical and modern physics

Classic Physics Modern Physics

▪ To understand natural phenomena.

▪ To develop theories for future experiments.

▪ Express the laws in the language of mathematics.

“Mathematics provides the bridge between theory

• Theory: More detailed than a model. Puts the model

▪ Needs defined standards.

▪ Characteristics of standards for measurements:

▪ Possess some property that can be measured reliably

▪ Must yield the same results when used by anyone anywhere

▪ Cannot change with time

How do we write it????

 (0.1/23.2)  100   0.4%

1) Write the height with the Experimental Uncertainty.

# The height is written as (15.9  0.2) cm

 (0.2/15.9)  100   1.25%

length, mass, time

• Length unit: Meter (m)

• Time unit: Second (s)

• Mass unit: Kilogram (kg)

• It is common to express very large or very small

0.0021 = 2.1  10-3

21,600 = 2.16  104

• Basic Quantity  Must be defined in terms of a

• Derived Quantity  Defined in terms of

Table (1.5) for the dimensions and units of some

*Find the dimensions:

#The Acceleration a=v/t a=m/s^2 a=L/T^2

# The Density (ρ = m/V) kg.m^3 M/L^3

# The Force F=m x a kg.m/s^2 ML/T^2

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