Creative

Nonfiction
with Ma'am Mary Joy Manggao
 Literary
Elements
At the end of the lesson, you are
expected to:

OBJECTIVE 2
OBJECTIVE 1

Identify the Create samples of

different literary the different
elements of the elements based on
different genres and one's experience
 Moving on
Poetry uses sound devices such as
alliteration, assonance, consonance,
onomatopoeia, rhyme, and rhythm. It also
employs meter, imagery, stanza, theme,
symbolism, tone, and figurative language
such as metaphor, personification, and
simile.
 It is derived from the
Latin word ‘Latira’ which
means letters of alphabet.
ALLITERATION It is exemplified with the
repetition of consonant
sounds within close
proximity, usually in
consecutive words within
the same sentence or
line. Alliteration is
popularly used in book
titles, business names,
nursery rhymes, and
tongue twisters.
EXAMPLE
ASSONANCE Assonance is
the repetition
of vowel
sounds
within words.
EXAMPLE
 Consonance
refers to repetitive
CONSONANCE sounds produced
by consonants
within a sentence
or phrase which
often takes place
in quick
succession.
EXAMPLE
 Onomatopoeia is a
ONOMATOPOEIA word that conveys the
sound of something.
Sounds are spelled
out as words, or when
words describing
sounds actually sound
like the sounds they
describe.
EXAMPLE
 Rhyme is a
RHYME repetition of
similar sounding
words,
occurring at the
end of lines in
poems or songs.
EXAMPLE
RHYTHM Rhythm is the
pattern of
stressed and
unstressed
beats.
Meter It identifies units of
stressed and unstressed
syllables. When a writer
combines metrical units
into a pattern, he creates
rhythm.
The five key
metrical units
are:
1. Lamb, one unstressed syllable
followed by one stressed syllable
2. Trochee, one stressed syllable followed
by one unstressed syllable
3. Spondee, two subsequent stressed
syllables
4. Dactyl, one stressed syllable followed
by two unstressed syllables
5. Anapest, two unstressed syllable
followed by one stressed syllable
 It appeals to the
reader’s physical
IMAGERY senses
motivating
strong and
distinct mental
images of what
the writer is
trying to show.
It is classified
into:
1. Visual imagery (seeing)
Example: Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet
2. Olfactory imagery (smelling)
Example: (Patrick Suskind’s Perfume: The
Story of a Murderer
3. Gustatory imagery (tasting)
Example: William Carlos Williams’ This is
Just to Say
4. Tactile imagery (touching or feeling)
Example: E. B. White’s Once More to the
Lake
5. Auditory imagery (hearing or listening)
Example: John Keats’ To Autumn
 It is a
STANZA
smaller unit
or group of
lines in
poetry.
Stanza may be:
1. Couplet, two lines
2. Tercet, three lines
3. Quatrain, four lines popularized by
Persian poet Omar Khayyam who
called it Rubai
4. Quintain, also referred as Cinquain,
five lines
5. Sestet, six lines
6. Septet, seven lines
7. Octave, eight lines
8. Sonnet, 14 lines ( three quatrains and a
couplet)
 It happens when
something is used to

SYMBOLISM represent something else,

such an idea or concept.
Writers use symbols as
objects to represent a
non-literal meaning. A
symbol must be
something tangible or
visible, while the idea it
symbolizes must be
something abstract or
universal.
Blake uses sunflower as a symbol for human
beings, and the sun symbolizes life. Therefore,
these lines symbolically refer to their life cycle
and their yearning for a never-ending life.
In the lines above, spring and daisies are symbols
of youth. Brown and barren are symbols of
becoming old. Bitter autumn symbolizes death.
 It is defined as a
speaker’s or narrator’s
attitude about a subject
TONE and is different from the
mood a reader gets while
reading the story. You
can set the tone of your
literary piece by choosing
the words that fit the
tone you’re trying to
convey, and by having
the character take a
certain stance or position
on a topic.
The use of the adjectives dead and
depressing sets a gloomy tone in the
passage.
The culminating tone of the writer is
of peace and serenity.
 It is the implicit,
implied, or hidden
METAPHOR comparison between
two unrelated things
but share some
common
characteristics. When
comparing, metaphor
does not use the
words like or as.
This line demonstrates the speaker’s
belief that he and his beloved are
richer than all states, kingdoms, and
rulers in the entire world because of
the love they share.
The comparison was between her
mouth and fountain of delight.
 It takes place
when a writer
PERSONIFICATION gives inanimate
objects or
inhuman beings
(like animals)
human
characteristics or
attributes.
 It is the explicit or
SIMILE direct comparison
between two
different things
and
uses the words
like or as.
 Furthermore
Drama employs literary elements such as
setting, characters, plot, theme, style, and
dialogue. The first four literary elements of
drama have been previously presented and
discussed under fiction since these genres
share some common literary elements. Thus, in
this section, we will tackle style and dialogue.
 It is the way in which an
author writes and/or

STYLE tells a story. Fairy tales

are great examples of
how the same story can
be told in very different
ways. Since they have
been retold over and
over for centuries the
style of their telling
changes from one writer
to the other.
Both two versions give the same overall
information. Perrault’s version is shorter,
less detailed, and with very little
dialogue. On the other hand, Grimm’s
version is longer, has more imagery, and
has more dialogue. Perrault’s point was
to teach a lesson while Grimm’s point
was for more entertainment. Each author
developed his style based on his
purpose.
DIALOGUE It is the stance
where
characters
speak to one
another.
A dialogue
may be:
1. Inner, where the characters speak to
themselves and reveal their
personalities (stream of consciousness,
dramatic monologue)

2. Outer, a conversation between

characters
 Yet there are other literary
elements used by writers to add
an artistic flair to their craft.
 It is a brief and indirect
reference to persons,
places, things or ideas of
ALLUSION historical, cultural, literary,
or political significance. It
does not describe in detail
what it refers to instead it
is just a passing comment.
An easy way to remember
allusion is to think of the
verb ‘allude.’ When you
allude to something, you
are referencing something
else.
In these lines, dread less Angel is a reference to Abdiel,
a fearless angel. Circling hours alludes to a Greek Myth
‘The Horae’, the daughters of Zeus and Themis namely
Thallo (Spring), Auxo (Summer), and Carpo (Winter).
With rosie hand Milton refers to Homer’s illustration of
the rosy fingered dawn.
 It possibly the oldest
literary device, is the
ANAPHORA deliberate repetition
of the first part of the
sentence. It traces its
roots in Biblical
Psalms where it is
used to emphasize
certain words or
phrases.
 It is employed
when animals or
ANTHROPOMORPHISM inanimate objects
are portrayed in a
story as people,
such as by
walking, talking, or
being given arms,
legs and/or facial
features.
Alice in Wonderland's Cheshire Cat, White Rabbit and
Caterpillar are anthropomorphic animals.
Aragog, the enormous spider from the Harry Potter series
occasionally talks to the actual human characters.
Aslan, the lion from The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
from C.S. Lewis' Chronicles of Narnia series is able to talk.
Dr. Seuss' title characters from works such as The Cat in the
Hat and The Grinch Who Stole Christmas are not human, yet
communicate as if they are.
Thomas the Tank Engine and the other talking train characters
from the Thomas & Friends series are vehicles with human
characteristics.
 It is a style of speaking
or writing determined
DICTION by the word choice of
speakers or writers.
Proper diction is
important to convey
your message
otherwise wrong choice
of words will result to
misinterpretation and
misunderstanding.
In using diction:
Words should be right and
accurate.
Words should be in context.
Words should be understood
by the listeners or readers.
Furthermore, diction
is classified into:
Formal diction, when formal words are used in
formal situations such as meetings and
conferences
Informal diction, when informal words are
used conversationally such as writing to or
talking with friends
Colloquial diction, when common words and
phrases are used in everyday speech but vary
in different regions or communities
Slang diction, when newly coined, trendy, or
impolite words are used
 It the opposite of
EPISTROPHE anaphora, repeats
words or phrases
at the end of a
sentence to
strategically add
rhythm or
emphasize a point.
 It describes
someone or

EUPHEMISM something in a
more pleasant or
more polite way.
We use
euphemisms when
we want to soften
the blow or lessen
the impact of harsh
truth.
 It happens when a
narrator is mentally
transported to an event
FLASHBACK that happened in the
past. It is used to
provide the reader with
more contexts about the
character, a situation or
an event, to increase the
suspense and tension,
and to clue readers in to
an important event that
affected the present.
 An example is the ballad of The Cruel
Mother (Anonymous) where a mother
remembers her murdered child. While
going to church, she remembers her
child’s birth, growing up, and death. Later,
she thinks back further to a distant time in
her past to remember how her own
mother was ruthless to her.
 It is employed
when writers hint
FORESHADOWING at what will
happen next in
the story without
being too
obvious in order
to build
suspense.
 It is the extreme
exaggeration of
HYPERBOLE a real event or
scenario while
adding a
humorous effect
or to emphasize
a concept.
 It happens when
an event occurs
IRONY which is
unexpected, and
which is in absurd
or mocking
opposition to
what is expected
or appropriate.
 It is applied when a
writer places two
JUXTAPOSITION contrasting concepts,
people, or events
directly side-by-side in
a sentence or
paragraph to show the
reader the differences
or similarities between
two things, or to add
an element of surprise.
 It is the
MOOD atmosphere or
emotional
condition
created by the
piece, within
the setting.
 It is exemplified
when a recurrent
MOTIF element (such as
an image, sound,
or concept) is
found throughout
a story, to help
develop the
theme, or central
message.
 It includes a
combination of
OXYMORON contrasting, or
opposite, words
to create a
dramatic effect
for the reader,
especially in
poetry.
 It is different from
an oxymoron

PARADOX because it is a
sentence or a
phrase that appears
contradictory, but
implies some kind
truth, to add a
hidden meaning to a
concept in your
writing.
ACTIVITY
TIME!!
Thank You
See You Next Time