Community & PubliC HealtH for mediCal laboratory SCienCe

WEEK 1&2| HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE PHILLIPINES AND INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Abdulaziz S. Ayob| 1 – YB – 7 | 2nd Semester |Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Science

WEEK 1: HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE

4. Naval hospitals
PHILLIPINES a) Hospital dela Marie in Cebu
I. Pre-American Occupation b) Hospital de basilan
A. During Spanish Time
5. Other hospital/Asylums
B. Hospitals before the Americans came to a) Hospicio de San Pascual Baylon in Manila
Philippines b) Asylum of St. Vincent de Paul in Manila for
II. American Military Government poor girls
A. Projects and activities c) Hospital of San Jose for orphaned children
and mentally ill
III. Philippine assembly
IV. The Jones law
V. The Commonwealth
AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT (1898 – 1907)
VI. Japanese occupation
VII. Post World war II - Control of epidemics such as cholera, smallpox and
VIII. Post EDSA revolution plague
A. MARTIAL LAW YEARS - Fight against communicable diseases such as
leprosy, diarrhea, malaria, beri-beri
B. EDSA REVOLUTION
C. AQUINO ADMINISTRATION Projects and activities
D. RAMOS ADMINISTRATION a) Established a garbage crematory
b) Approved the first sanitary ordinance and rat control
c) Amoebic dysentery- caused by contaminated water
and unclean vegetables, and malaria- Anopheles
PRE – AMERICAN OCCUPATION (UP TO 1898) minismus flavirostris was pointed out as vector.
d) Cholera vaccine was first tried
- Public health works began at the old Franciscan e) Confirmed that plague in man comes from infected rat
Convent in Intramuros where Fr. Juan Clemente put f) Opened a leper colony in Culion
up a dispensary in 1577 for treating indigents in g) Founded the manila Medical society and Philippine
Manila. Island Medical Association
- This eventually became the San Juan de Dios h) Opened the UP College of Medicine
Hospital. i) Established Bureau of Science
During Spanish time:
1. Creation of Board of vaccinators to prevent smallpox
2. Creation of board of health PHILIPPINE ASSEMBLY (1907-1916)
3. Construction of carried waterworks
4. First medical school in the Philippines- UST
• New waterworks in Manila was inaugurated to control
5. School of Midwifery
cholera
6. Public health laboratory
7. Forensic medicine • Nursing school at Philippine Normal School
• Hygiene and Physiology were included in curriculum
Hospitals before the Americans came to Philippines: of public elementary school
1. General hospitals • Anti-TB campaign was started
a) San Juan de Dios Hospital • Philippine Tuberculosis Society was organized
b) Chinese General hospital • Pasteur prophylaxis treatment against rabies was
c) Hospicio de san Jose in Cavite offered
d) Casa dela Caridad in Cebu • Opening of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH)
e) Enfermeria de Santa Cruz in Laguna
• Use of anti-typhoid vaccine was initiated
2. Contagious hospitals • Hypochlorite of lime was first used for treating the
a) San lazaro Hospital water supply of Manila
b) Hospital de palestina in Camarines Sur • Etiology of Amoebic disentry was made clear
c) Hospital delos Lesprosos in Cebu • Dry vaccine against smallpox was first used
d) Hospital de Argencina in Manila for smallpox and
cholera

3. Military hospitals
a) Hospital Militar de Manila
b) Hospital Militar de Zamboanga

HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE PHILIPPINES

 THE JONES LAW (1916-1936) 2. Construction of the National Chest Center-for control case
registry for TB, mass immunization with BCG
1. Study the cause and prevalence of typhoid fever 3. Industrial hygiene laboratory
2. The composition, value and vitamin distribution of many 4. Introduction of one- infection method for gonorrhea with
Philippine foods were studied. penicillin
3. Schick test was used to determine the causes of diphtheria 5. Creation of central Health laboratory in the Philippines
4. Campaign against Hookworm was launched 6. Creation of Institute of Nutrition under BRL, then it was
5. Anti-dysentery vaccine was first tried transferred to National Institute of Science and Technology and
6. The roles of seafood in transmission of cholera and the was renamed as Food and Nutrition Research Center, it was
pollution of fishing sector to typhoid were studied again renamed as FNRI
7. First training course for sanitary inspector was given • Manila was selected as Headquarters for the WHO
8. Women and Child labor was passed Western pacific Office.
9. The mechanism of transmission of dengue fever through • Strengthening Health and Dental services in rural areas
Aedes aegypti was studied • This is thru RHU program (per municipalities with 5,000-
10. Construction of Novaliches dam 10,000 population)
11. Establishment of School of Hygiene and Public Health 1 Municipal Health Officer (MHO)
12. National Research Council of the Philippines was 1 Public health Nurse (PHN)
organized 1 Midwife
13. BS in Education major in Health Education was opened in 1 sanitary Inspector
UP • Reorganization of DOH- creation of several offices
14. Philippine Public Health Association (PPHA) was organized 1. Dental health services
2. Malaria Education services
3. Disease Intelligence Center
4. Food and Drug Administration
THE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD (1936-1941) 5. National Schistosomiasis Control Commission
6. National Nutrition Program
• Process of gaining and maintaining altitude (because the later • Initiation of programs with multilateral assistance
years under Jones Law was successful) 1. WHO and UNICEF assisted TB and BCG programs
• The epidemiology of life threatening diseases was studied- 2. TB control program as basic service of RHU
diphtheria, yaws, dengue 3. TB sputum case finding by microscopy
• Research in the field of health was promoted 4. Serum and vaccine production in Alabang
• UP school of Public health was established to train public 5. Expanded MCH and Mental Health Program
health leaders 6. Training programs for Midwives
• Construction of Quezon institute for PTB patients 7. Strengthened graduate health programs at the UP-CPH
• Research and Control of TB, Malaria, leprosy and yaws • Development of family Planning Movement
• Development of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) • Launching of programs in cooperation with private sectors-
• 1939, creation of Department of Public Health and Welfare- top provide services to periphery ( indigents, minority groups)
Dr. Jose fabella as the first secretary • Rizal Development project
• 1940, Bureau of Census and Statistics was created to 1. Restructuring of the DOH Rural Health Care Delivery
gather vital statistics System
• Inequitable distribution of health services remained a problem 2. Each barrio was provided with Midwife
3. For, the first time, dengue virus was isolated from
typical H fever cases
JAPANESE OCCUPATION (1941-1945)

• During this time, All public health activities were practically Martial Law Years
paralyzed THE WORLD WAR II • Creation of National Economic Development Authority
• After 5 years of Japanese occupation, public health tried to (NEDA)
pick up the debris and rise from the ruins • Department of health was renamed as Ministry of Health
(MOH)
• Survey: Increased incidence of TB, VD, malaria, leprosy • Accomplishment during this period:
and malnutrition. 1. Formulation of National Health Plan
• General sanitation has been reduced to level enough to 2. Implementation of restructure Health care delivery system
constitute a national hazard (primary, secondary, tertiary)
• US congress passed an emergency measures to control 3. Construction of tertiary hospitals (Philippine heart center,
diseases: TB, VD, malaria. Leprosy, malnutrition Lung center, Kidney center,Lunsod ng kabataan)
• Immunization program 4. Adaptation of the Primary Health Care
5. Promotive and preventive rather than curative care
6. Philippines was the first country to implement PHC
POST WORLD WAR II (1945 - 1972) 7. Launching of Operation Timbang and Mothercraft
8. Nationwide program providing supplementary food for
- The Philippine Independence infants and preschool children
9. Birth of integrated Provincial Health Office (IPHO)
10. Oral rehydration Therapy for the National Control of
1. Completion for a research on Dichlorodiphenyl
Diarrheal Diseases
trichlorothanel (DDT) saw dust as larvicide and DDT residual
11. Community-based health programs
spraying of houses in the control of malaria.
12. Progress in Public Health research

HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE PHILIPPINES

a. Nutrition council of the Philippines- to address problems on 2. RA 7610 - Special protection of Children against child
malnutrition abuse, exploitation and discrimination act
b. RITM- for infectious and tropical diseases 3. EO 39- which created the Philippines National AIDS Council
c. PCHRD- mandated to lead, direct and coordinate science as a national policy and advisory body in the prevention and
and technology activities in health and nutrition. control of HIV-AIDS
4. RA 7432 (Senior Citizen’s Act) - which grant benefits and
special privileges in order to maximize the contributions of
EDSA Revolution senior citizen to nation building
• From Ministry of Health it was renamed again as Department 5. RA 7719 - The National Blood services Act of 1994 which
of Health was passed to promote voluntary blood donation
• Increase in life expectancy slowed down 6. RA 8172 (An Act of Salt Iodization Nationwide) -
• Morbidity and Mortality rates from preventable causes providing salt iodization nationwide approved in1996 and
stabilized at high rates renamed FIDEL _fortified for Iodine Elimination)
• Declined in infant and child mortality decelerated
• Increased incidence of malnutrition Reodica’s Seven Strategy Program
• Declined practice of family planning 1. Expanded Program on Immunization (Oplan Alis Disease)-
to eliminate polio, measles and neonatal tetanus
2. Nutrition - vitamin A, iron and iodine utilization (Araw ng
Aquino Administration Sangkap pinoy)
• 1987 constitution – more provision on health making 3. Family Planning
comprehensive health care available 4. Tuberculosis prevention (Target, Stop TB)
• Active participation of private sector and NGO 5. Environmental sanitation (TKO)
• Major activities influencing public health during this period 6. STD-AIDS awareness prevention
1. Milk code- EO51- required the marketing of breast milk 7. Healthy Lifestyle program
substitute
2. Universal child and mother immunization
3. International safe and motherhood initiative was launched to
reduced maternal mortality rate.
4. Act prohibiting discrimination against women (RA6725)
5. National Epidemic Surveillance System (NESS)- this was
made to track down the occurrence of 14 diseases with
potential causing outbreaks.
6. National drug policy and Generic Act- ensure the
availability of safe, effective and affordable quality drugs
(RA6675)
7. Local government code- from national government to
governors and mayors (RA7160)
8. Organ Donation Act of 1991 (RA7170)- Legalizing
donation of all or body parts after death for specified purpose.

Ramos Administration
• “Health in the Hands of People” and “Lets DOH it”- by the
Sec. Juan Flavier
• Continue to adopt PHC as a strategy
• Memorable initiative during the leadership of Flavier:
1. National Immunization Day – BCG, DPT, OPV, MMR
2. Mother and Friendly Hospital Initiative
3. This strategy ensures the survival and healthmof children
through breast feeding
4. Promotion of Philipine Traditional medicine- DOH and DOST
5. Hospital as Center of Wellness - transformed 45
government hospitals from
disease places to centers of wellness
6. Yosi Kadiri- Anti smoking campaign
7. Araw ng Sangkap pinoy- aimed toprevent vitamin A, iron
and iodine deficiency
8. Voluntary Blood Donation Program
9. Kung Sila’y Mahal mo Magplano- Family planning program
10. Doctors to the Barrio

LAWS:
1. RA 7394 (Consumer Act of the Philippines) - an act
providing penalties for manufacture distribution and sales of
adulterated foods, drugs and cosmetics

HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE PHILIPPINES