Portfolio in ICT TLE Quarter 2

“PC Assembly/Disassembly and OS Functions”

Submitted To:
Mary Joyz De La Cruz

Submitted By:
Philip Lacarta Butalon
Grade 9 STE Fe Del Mundo
PERSONAL COMPUTER DISASSEMBLY

Step1. Unplugging - The first thing you do is to

unplug every cable that is plugged in to your
computer. That includes the cables such as Power,
USB, Mouse, Keyboard, Internet, Ethernet, Modem,
AM\FM Antenna, Cable TV, etc. Just unplug all the
cables for safety purposes. Now that your computer
is fully unplugged, move your PC to a clean work
space.
Step2.Opening the Outer Shell/Case – First,
unscrew the four screws at the back of the computer.
On most computer cases, there will be large knobs
that you can unscrew by hand or by screw driver on
the back-right side of the computer. Screw at the
back of computer chasis The left side has small
screws because on that side you can’t access much
on the inside. Once the screws are removed, you can
remove the side panels. On most computers, they just slide off. Start with the left
side panel (the side that once had the knobs), slide it towards the back of the
computer. Now you can remove the left panel. Just like the other side, slide it
towards the back of the computer. Removing the side panel Side panel
NOTICE: If you are working on a carpet, about every five minutes touch
something that is grounded (Sink faucet / pipe, wire coming from the ground part of
a wall outlet). This is done so you do not shock your motherboard or other parts.

Step3. Removing the System Fan - First, unplug the

fan from the motherboard. You can find the plug by
following the wire from the fan. It should be labeled
"SYS_FAN1". Next, you will have to unscrew the
fan from the outside. You should now be able to lift
the fan out of the PC. Removing the system fan
 Step4. Removing the CPU Fan- The
CPU fan is located right on top of the
CPU heat sink, which is a large piece
of metal with fins on the top. The
CPU fan plugs into the motherboard
in an awkward place, that is hard to
access. But just follow the wires and
you should easily find it. It is labeled
"CPU FAN1". To remove the fan
from the heat sink, remove the four
screws securing it in place. Removing
the CPU fan System Fan CPU Fan

Step5. Power Supply - The first thing to do is unplug

every wire coming from the power supply. You must
disconnect the motherboard (very large
connector/plug), CD/DVD drive(s) power, internal
hard drive power and portable hard drive slot power.
Once everything is unplugged, unscrew the four
screws holding the power supply in place, on the
back of the computer. Next, push the power supply
from the outside, and then lift it out. Unscrew the
power supply

Step6. CD/ DVD Drive(s)-First, unplug the

ribbon from the back of the drive. Once that is
completed, pull on the tab securing the drive in
place, then push it out from the inside. Location
of CD / DVD Drive
 Step7. Hard Drive - First, unplug the connector
at the
back of the slot, and unplug the other end from
the motherboard. Also unplug the SATA cable
from the motherboard and the hard drive. The
portable hard drive slot is secured the same way
the CD/DVD drive is, with a tab. Pull on the tab, then slide the slot out. CD / DVD
Drive. Unplugging the Hard Drive connector To remove the hard drive from the
side of the slot, unscrew the four screws securing it in place. You must be very
careful not to drop the hard drive, since it is very delicate!

Step8. Memory (RAM) - To remove the

RAM, push down on both tabs holding the
RAM in place, which are located at both ends
of the RAM

Step9. Motherboard - The motherboard has seven

screws holding it to the frame, which are
indicated by large white circles around them.
Remove them and then lift the motherboard out
of the frame
PERSONAL COMPUTER ASSEMBLY
Step 1. Prepare your workplace
1. Take Inventory: Before you start, take an
inventory of your parts. Do not begin assembling
your computer if you don't have everything you
need. Begin the step-by-step process once you are
ready with everything you need. Take inventory of
the Different Computer Parts

2. Make Space, Make Time: Building a PC takes up space - about a dining room
table worth. So make sure you have plenty of working room and a few hours to
proceed with minimal interruption. Work on a flat, stable table top surface, or bare
floor, where you have room to layout all of the items.
3. Prepare Grounding Protection: Use an inexpensive antistatic wrist strap. Make
sure you are wearing your antistatic wrist strap correctly (it does you no good at all
if you do not wear it!), and you are ready to proceed..
4. Have the Drivers Ready: Assuming you have another internet connected PC,
download the latest drivers from the vendors' websites for each component you will
be installing. Sometimes drivers are updated between the time the component was
manufactured and the time you are installing it. It is always best to have the latest.
Copy them to a CD for easy access.

Step 2. Prepare the Motherboard

1. Great care should be taken when installing the
motherboard. First, take the board out of its
packaging and put it on top of the antistatic bag it
came in Remember, you always want to safeguard
your components from potentially hazardous static
electricity (wear your strap).
2. Before you secure the motherboard onto the PC
case/chassis, inspect it carefully for any visible defects.
3. Next, review the motherboard manual, to make sure you are familiar with the
motherboard layout and understand which socket is which. Manuals are extremely
helpful, usually easy to read, and include illustrations. Below you can find
instructions on how to install the processor, the heat sink and the memory modules
on the motherboard. You should not place the motherboard in the computer case
until you are told to do so.

Step 3. Install the CPU

1. Use the unlocking mechanism to open the CPU

socket which is usually a lever.
2. Carefully line up the pins and place the chip in
its socket; it will fit only when oriented the proper
way. An arrow or a missing pin on one corner of the
chip will show you how to line things up.
3. Align Triangular CPU and socket key marks. 4. Lower the lever to lock the CPU
into place
Step 4. Install the CPU Heat Sink
1. Follow the manufacturer's directions to install
the heat sink and the fan that will cool the
processor. If you bought an OEM CPU and a
separate heat sink, you may need to spread a thin
layer of the thermal grease that came with the heat
sink over the chip to ensure proper transfer of heat
(some heat sinks come with this grease already
applied).
2. Attach the clip that holds the heat sink in place keeping in mind that it may
require a fair amount of force. Again, follow the instructions that came with the
heat sink. They will show you how to fit it correctly. If you are in doubt, you can
visit the manufacturer's website for more information.
3. Plug the CPU fan's power connector into the proper connector on the
motherboard.

Step 5. Install Memory (RAM

Modules) In order to install the memory
modules, insert them into the proper
sockets and push down firmly but
evenly until the clips on both sides of
the socket pop into place. If your
motherboard supports dual-channel
memory, consult the user manual to
determine which pairs of RAM sockets you should use. motherboard and the CPU
are the brain and nerve center of your PC, so selecting these components is the most
important decision you'll make.
Step 6. Place the motherboard into the case
1. Some PC cases have a removable
motherboard tray. If yours does, remove the
screws holding it in place and pull it out of the
case Remove Motherboard Tray
2. Note the pattern of the holes in your
motherboard , and screw brass standoffs into
the motherboard tray or into the PC case in the
correct locations (ALWAYS check the manual
and follow their instructions to the letter).
3. Check the layout of the sockets on the motherboard, and confirm that the ports
on your motherboard's back panel match the holes on the case's Input/Output (I/O)
shield as shown in figure 46 that is installed in your case. If necessary, remove the
old I/O shield by tapping it firmly a few times with the c butt-end of a screwdriver,
and then replace it with the shield that came with the new motherboard.
4. Carefully position the motherboard on top of the brass standoffs , line up all the
holes, and use the screws that accompanied the case to fasten down the
motherboard. If you are using a removable tray in your system, slide the tray and
motherboard back into the case and then secure the tray. Case’s I /O Shield

Step 7. Connect the Power Supply Making the

proper connections is crucial to successfully
assembling your PC system. Fortunately,
manufacturers provide color-coded power
cables and unique connector shapes to make the
job easy.
1. First, plug the large ATX power connector from your power supply into the
matching port on your motherboard. Look Figure X for details.
2. Locate the smaller, square processor power connector (you cannot miss it - it is
the one sprouting the yellow and black wires) and attach it to the motherboard.
Note: your connector is usually located near the processor. As always, refer to your
motherboard's manual for the exact locations.
3. Use your motherboard user manual and find the description about frontpanel
connectors.. NOTE: You are going to be doing work that requires attention to detail
and can be quite frustrating if you do not go into it with the right attitude.
4. Attach each of the tiny leads from the power and reset switches , the hard-disk
activity lights, the PC speaker, and any front-panel USB and FireWire ports to the
corresponding pin on your motherboard. The needle-nose pliers are useful for
manipulating small pieces Connect the different Leads

Step 8. Install Graphics / Video Cards

1. Begin by removing the backplane cover from
the AGP or PCI Express X16 slot (the metal piece
where the monitor connector will emerge)
2. Install the graphics board in that slot, and then
secure the card with a screw

Step 9. Install Internal Drives Now it is time to install your drives. This is an easy
process, but it requires attention to detail.
1. Make any necessary changes to jumpers on the
drives before mounting them in the case. A two-
drive system (one or two SATA (Serial ATA- is a
standard hardware interface for connecting hard
drives and CD/DVD drives to a computer) hard
drives, plus one parallel ATA (Advanced
Technology Attachment) optical drive, for example) is easy to set up; the SATA
drives are jumper less, and the optical drive can be set as master on its own parallel
ATA channel. Many cases have removable drive rails or cages to house drives.
2. Use the included screws to attach your drives to the rails or cage, and slide them
into the case. For externally accessible drives such as a DVD recorder, you can save
time by installing one drive rail and sliding the drive in for a test fitting to make
sure that its front is flush with the case . When the drives are installed, connect
power and data cables to each one. Parallel ATA drives use wide, flat data cables
that can be installed only in the correct way. Floppy drives use a similar but smaller
cable; SATA drives use a thin, 1cm-wide data cable. SATA drives use a new type
of power connector that many power supplies don't come with. Fortunately, many
motherboards ship with adapters for converting a standard four-pin power
connector to a SATA power connector. Attach your devices
Keep in mind:
1. When attaching cables, never force a connection.
2. Plug in the power cable after you have connected all other cables.

Step 10. Install the Add- in Cards

1. For each add-in card, you must choose a free PCI
slot.
2. Remove its backplane cover to allow access from
the rear of the case.
3. Carefully position the card above the slot, and
press down firmly to seat the card
4. Secure the card with a screw. Add- in Cards
Many motherboards have additional sound connectors or ports housed on small
add-in boards. Some of these plug into slots on the motherboard; others screw into
the back of the case in place of slot covers. Usually the additional ports are not
essential to your PC's operation. For example, if you install a sound card, you do
not need connectors to the motherboard's built-in sound chip. Check your
motherboard manual to determine what each of these boards does.
SYSTEM UNITS
INTERNAL HARDWARE

 Motherboard. This is a printed circuit

board that holds the central processing
unit (CPU) and other essential internal
hardware and functions as the central
hub that all other hardware components
run through.

 CPU. The CPU is the brain of the

computer that processes and executes
digital instructions from various programs;
its clock speed determines the computer's
performance and efficiency in processing
data.
  RAM. RAM -- or dynamic RAM -- is
temporary memory storage that makes
information immediately accessible to
programs; RAM is volatile memory, so
stored data is cleared when the computer
powers off.

 Hard drive. Hard disk drives are physical

storage devices that store both permanent and
temporary data in different formats, including
programs, OSes, device files, photos, etc.

 Solid-state drive (SSD). SSDs are solid-

state storage devices based on NAND
flash memory technology; SSDs are
non-volatile, so they can safely store
data even when the computer is powered
down.

 Optical drive. Optical drives typically

reside in an on-device drive bay; they enable
the computer to read and interact with
 nonmagnetic external media, such as compact disc read-only memory or
digital video discs.

 Heat sink. This is a passive piece of

hardware that draws heat away from
components to regulate/reduce their
temperature to help ensure they continue to
function properly. Typically, a heat sink is
installed directly atop the CPU, which
produces the most heat among internal
components.

 Graphics processing unit. This

chip-based device processes
graphical data and often functions
as an extension to the main CPU.

 Network interface card (NIC). A NIC is a

circuit board or chip that enables the
computer to connect to a network; also
known as a network adapter or local area
network adapter, it typically supports
connection to an Ethernet network.

EXTERNAL HARDWARE
  Mouse. A mouse is a hand-held pointing
device that moves a cursor around a computer
screen and enables interaction with objects on
the screen. It may be wired or wireless.

 Keyboard. A keyboard is an input device

featuring a standard QWERTY keyset that
enables users to input text, numbers or
special characters.

 Microphone. A microphone is a device that

translates sound waves into electrical signals and
supports computer-based audio communications.

 Camera. A camera captures visual images and

streams them to the computer or through a computer
to a network device.
  Touchpad.  A touchpad is an input device,
external or built into a laptop, used to control
the pointer on a display screen. It is typically
an alternative to an external mouse.

 Monitor. A monitor is an output device similar to

a TV screen that displays information, documents
or images generated by the computing device.

 Printer. Printers render electronic data from a

computer into printed material.
 Speaker. A speaker is an external audio output
device that connects to a computer to generate a
sound output.

 Headphones, earphones, earbuds. Similar to

speakers, these devices provide audio output that's
audible only to a single listener.