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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18669-1

First edition
2004-09-01

Internal combustion engines — Piston

pins —
Part 1:
General specifications
Moteurs à combustion interne — Axes de pistons —
Partie 1: Spécifications générales

Reference number
ISO 18669-1:2004(E)

© ISO 2004
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ISO 18669-1:2004(E)

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ISO 18669-1:2004(E)

Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv
1 Scope...................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 1
2.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 1
2.2 Geometrical and manufacturing features of piston pins .................................................................. 1
3 Symbols ................................................................................................................................................. 2
4 Nomenclature ........................................................................................................................................ 3
4.1 Outside, inside and end features ........................................................................................................ 3
4.2 Outside edge and inside chamfer configurations ............................................................................. 5
5 Codes ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
6 Designation of piston pins ................................................................................................................... 7
6.1 Designation elements and order ......................................................................................................... 7
6.2 Designation examples .......................................................................................................................... 8
7 Piston pin types, dimensions and tolerances.................................................................................... 8
7.1 Manufacturing types ............................................................................................................................. 8
7.2 Dimensions and tolerances ................................................................................................................. 9
8 Material and heat treatment ............................................................................................................... 14
8.1 Type of material................................................................................................................................... 14
8.2 Core hardness l core strength ........................................................................................................... 15
8.3 Carburised and nitrided case depth.................................................................................................. 15
8.4 Surface hardness ................................................................................................................................ 16
8.5 Volume change.................................................................................................................................... 16
9 Common features................................................................................................................................ 17
9.1 Roughness of surfaces ...................................................................................................................... 17
9.2 Marking of piston pins........................................................................................................................ 17
9.3 Miscellaneous...................................................................................................................................... 17
10 Quality requirements .......................................................................................................................... 18
10.1 Material characteristics ...................................................................................................................... 18
10.2 Material defects ................................................................................................................................... 18
10.3 Visual defects ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 20

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ISO 18669-1:2004(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 18669-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles.

ISO 18669 consists of the following parts, under the general title Internal combustion engines — Piston pins:

Part 1: General specifications

Part 2: Inspection measuring principles

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18669-1:2004(E)

Internal combustion engines — Piston pins —

Part 1:
General specifications

1 Scope

This part of ISO 18669 specifies the essential dimensional characteristics of piston pins of outer diameter from
8 mm up to 100 mm, for reciprocating internal combustion engines. In addition, it establishes a vocabulary, a
pin-type classification, material description based on mechanical properties, common features and quality
requirements. It may also be used for piston pins of compressors working under analogous conditions.

In certain applications, except road vehicles, and provided that mutual agreement is made between the
purchaser and the manufacturer, this part of ISO 18669 may be used with suitable modifications.

2 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

2.1 General

2.1.1
piston pin
precision cylindrical component that connects the piston to the connecting rod and has a smooth hard
peripheral surface

2.2 Geometrical and manufacturing features of piston pins

2.2.1 Bore types

2.2.1.1
cylindrical
pin having a straight cylindrical bore

2.2.1.2
centre web
pin inside diameter formed symmetrically from each end leaving a web in the pin centre

NOTE The web is subsequently removed leaving a step as shown in Figure 2.

2.2.1.3
tapered
pin with conical-shaped inside diameter near the ends that reduces the weight of the piston pin

2.2.1.4
machined
pin with inside diameter produced solely by machining

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ISO 18669-1:2004(E)

2.2.1.5
seamless drawn tube
hollow steel product which does not contain any line junctures resulting from the method of manufacture

2.2.1.6
end web
pin inner diameter formed from one end leaving a web near the opposite end

NOTE The web is punched out. The pin is then drawn over a mandrel and a forming line may result as shown in
Figure 3.

2.2.2 Outside-edge configurations

2.2.2.1
chamfer
outside-edge bevelled feature that is sometimes used to mate with a round retainer ring

NOTE Referred to as “locking chamfer” when a round wire retainer ring is located on the chamfer angle and used to
secure the pin in the piston.

2.2.2.2
form angle
δ
region of outside-edge form that provides a smooth transition to the peripheral surface to facilitate ease of
assembly

2.2.2.3
drop-off
non-functional machining feature that creates a transition between the outside edge and the peripheral
surface

See Figures 6, 7 and 9.

2.2.2.4
inside-edge chamfer
bevelled edge between the bore surface and the end faces of the piston pin

2.2.2.5
gauge point
locating point on the pin outside-edge chamfer from where the gauge diameter (d5) and gauge length (l5) are
measured

2.2.3 Other features

2.2.3.1
volume change
change detected as a permanent outside-diameter dimensional deviation at reference temperature after being
heated to a test temperature for a specified period of time

2.2.3.2
slag lines
linear flaws of non-metallic inclusions

3 Symbols
For the purposes of this part of ISO 18669, the symbols in Table 1 apply.

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ISO 18669-1:2004(E)

Table 1 — Symbols

Symbol abbreviation Description

a Wall thickness
b Outside-edge drop-off length
c Outside-edge drop-off height
d1 Outside diameter
d2 Inside diameter
d3 Tapered bore diameter
d4 Centre-web diameter
d5 Gauge diameter
f Outside-edge length
g Outside-edge chamfer length
l1 Length
l3 Tapered bore length
l4 Centre-web length
l5 Gauge length
r Outside-edge radius
Rm Core strength
s End face runout
t Inside-edge chamfer length
α Tapered bore angle
β Outside-edge chamfer angle
δ Outside-edge form angle
Hs Limit hardness

4 Nomenclature

4.1 Outside, inside and end features

Terms commonly used to describe pins with a cylindrical bore are shown in Figure 1.

Key
1 end face d1 outside diameter
2 bore surface d2 inside diameter
3 peripheral surface l1 length
a Wall thickness.

Figure 1 — Pin with cylindrical bore

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ISO 18669-1:2004(E)

Terms commonly used to describe pins with a centre web are shown in Figure 2.

Key
1 centre-web radius
l4 centre-web length
d4 centre-web diameter

Figure 2 — Pin with cold-formed centre web

Terms commonly used to describe pins with a cold-formed end-web are shown in Figure 3.

Key
1 end-web forming line

Figure 3 — Pin with cold-formed end web

Terms commonly used to describe pins with a tapered bore are shown in Figure 4.

Key
1 tapered bore surface α tapered bore angle
d3 tapered bore diameter l3 tapered bore length

Figure 4 — Pin with tapered bore

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