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    Hamza Bukhari

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    Hamza Bukhari
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    Copyright:

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    29 views4 pages

    Untitled

    Uploaded by

    Hamza Bukhari

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Topic:- “Neuron Structure and Function” Table of Contents: + Neuron Definition + What is a Neuron? + Neuron Structure + Neuron Types + Neuron Functions Neuron Definition “Neurons are the fundamental unit of the nervous system specialized to transmit information to different parts of the body.” What is a Neuron? Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system. They receive and transmit signals to different parts of the body. This is carried out in both physical and electrical forms. There are several different types of neurons that facilitate the transmission of information. The sensory neurons carry information from the sensory receptor cells present throughout the body to the brain. Whereas, the motor neurons ‘transmit information from the brain to the muscles. The interneurons transmit information between different neurons in the body. ai URE OF NEURO Dendrite Schwann cell Soma Nerve ending Myelin Sheath Nucleus Neuron Structure A neuron varies in shape and size depending on its function and location. All neurons have three different parts — dendrites, cell body and axon. Parts of Neuron Following are the different parts of a neuron: Dendrites These are branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons and allow the transmission of messages to the cell body. Cell Body Each neuron has a cell body with a nucleus, Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and other components. Axon Axon is a tube-like structure that carries electrical impulse from the cell body to the axon terminals that pass the impulse to another neuron. Synapse Itis the chemical junction between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron. Neuron Types There are three different types of neurons: Sensory Neurons The sensory neurons convert signals from the external environment into ‘corresponding internal stimuli. The sensory inputs activate the sensory heurons and carry sensory information to the brain and spinal cord. They are pseudounipolar in structure. Motor Neurons These are multipolar and are located in the central nervous system extending their axons outside the central nervous system. This is the most ‘common type of neuron and transmits information from the brain to the muscles of the body. Interneurons They are multipolar in structure. Their axons connect only to the nearby sensory and motor neurons. They help in passing signals between two neurons. Also Read: Nerves Neuron Functions The important functions of a neuron are: Chemical Synapse In chemical synapses, the action potential affects other neurons through a gap present between two neurons known as the synapse. The action potential is carried along the axon to a postsynaptic ending that initiates the release of chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. These heurotransmitters excite the postsynaptic neurons that generate an action potential of their own. Electrical Synapse ‘When two neurons are connected by a gap junction, it results in an electrical synapse. These gaps include ion channels that help in the direct transmission of a positive electrical signal. These are much faster than chemical synapses. THE END.

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