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    Notes 2

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    Raghava
    1) The document calculates the thermal efficiency of a Rankine cycle steam plant at various steam pressures and temperatures, with and without reheating. Reheating increases efficiency by reducing moisture in the turbine exhaust. 2) Efficiency decreases at saturation reheating and 460C reheating at 12MPa due to the entropy average temperature concept. 3) Plots of temperature-entropy and enthalpy-entropy are provided for the saturation curve.

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    Notes 2

    Uploaded by

    Raghava
    24 views3 pages
    1) The document calculates the thermal efficiency of a Rankine cycle steam plant at various steam pressures and temperatures, with and without reheating. Reheating increases efficiency by reducing moisture in the turbine exhaust. 2) Efficiency decreases at saturation reheating and 460C reheating at 12MPa due to the entropy average temperature concept. 3) Plots of temperature-entropy and enthalpy-entropy are provided for the saturation curve.

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    1) The document calculates the thermal efficiency of a Rankine cycle steam plant at various steam pressures and temperatures, with and without reheating. Reheating increases efficiency by reducing moisture in the turbine exhaust. 2) Efficiency decreases at saturation reheating and 460C reheating at 12MPa due to the entropy average temperature concept. 3) Plots of temperature-entropy and enthalpy-entropy are provided for the saturation curve.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views3 pages

    Notes 2

    Uploaded by

    Raghava
    1) The document calculates the thermal efficiency of a Rankine cycle steam plant at various steam pressures and temperatures, with and without reheating. Reheating increases efficiency by reducing moisture in the turbine exhaust. 2) Efficiency decreases at saturation reheating and 460C reheating at 12MPa due to the entropy average temperature concept. 3) Plots of temperature-entropy and enthalpy-entropy are provided for the saturation curve.

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    Rankine cycle at various steam pressure and temperature

    with reheating
    this note calculates plot of η vs steam plant pressure with fixed condenser pressure (Temperature) and max
    temperature with reheating to saturation 460 deg C and 560 deg C. steam is extracted at 400kPa from hp turbine for
    reheating to boiler outlet temperature.

    1 - vacuum; saturated liquid T=40 C

    2 - sub cooled liquid at boiler


    3
    hp Wt1 pressure P=3, 6, 9, 12 MPa
    Boiler Turbine lp Wt2
    Turbine 3 - saturated vapor, superheated
    Q_dotH 4 vapor T=460 C, T=560 C, p = p 2
    5
    6
    4 - extraction steam; superheated
    vapor @ 400 kPa or ... vapor + liquid
    @ saturation temperature and
    2
    Condenser pressure tbd

    5 - superheated vapor @ saturation


    Feed Q_dotL
    1 temperasature for p 2 , T=460 C,
    Pump
    Wfp T=560 C, p = p4 = 400 kPa

    6 - vapor + liquid @ saturation


    temperature (40 C) and pressure or
    ...superheated vapor @ saturation
    pressure for 40 C; tbd

    the results are shown below


    in the details of calculation for state 4 - extraction steam; superheated vapor @ 400 kPa or ... vapor + liquid @
    saturation temperature and pressure tbd - it can be seen that combinations of
    p=3 MPa, T = 460 C
    p=3 MPa, T = 560 C and ....
    p=6 MPa, T = 460 C
    result in superheated vapor extraction (x 6 calculated >1) while the other combinations result in x 6 < 1
    also ... state 6 - lp turbine exhaust - is superheated vapor @ saturation pressure for 40 C when boiler temperature is
    560 C
    The approach will be as the regenerative example; calculate x; if > 1 use super heat interpolation for results.

    calculations

    10/26/2005 1
    0.45

    0.44

    0.42

    0.41
    thermal efficiency

    0.39

    0.38

    0.36

    0.35

    0.33

    0.32

    0.3
    30 39 48 57 66 75 84 93 102 111 120
    pressure bars
    with reheat - saturated
    with reheat - 460 deg C
    with reheat - 560 deg C
    no reheat - saturated
    no reheat - 460 deg C
    no reheat - 560 deg C

    N.B. efficiency decreases at saturation reheat, and at 460 C reheat at 12 MPa. This is observable when looking at
    the T - s plot below for saturation temperature. The effect is noticeable at all pressures, but most significant at 12
    MPa. Recall the entropy average temperature concept and observe that the temperature where heat is being added
    is lowered.

    The benefit from reheat is the exhaust moisture in the turbine output (in the latter stages of the single turbine)

    quality out of hp turbine quality out of lp turbine quality out of pressure temperature file

     0.8615 1.0427 1.0989 


     0.8773 0.9767 1.0124 
     0.731 0.851 0.889 

      
    0.8034 0.972 1.0315  0.8985 0.9767 1.0124  0.692 0.804 0.844 
    x4 =  x6 =  x=
     0.7619 0.9267 0.9899 
     0.9117 0.9767 1.0124 
     0.664 0.774 0.816 

     0.7258  0.9214  0.64



    0.8913 0.9586 

    0.9767 1.0124 

    0.75 0.795 

    N.B. values of x > 1 are bogus and actual x = 1, i.e. steam is superheated vapor

    data for saturation curve

    10/26/2005 2
    this plot for select_pressure := select_temperature :=
    30 saturated
    60 superheat to 460 deg C
    90 superheat to 560 deg C
    120

    ip := select_pressure − 1 p2 = 12 MPa iT := select_temperature − 1 TT3 = 324.75


    ip ip , iT
    data for T s and H s plots

    T-s Plot
    400

    300
    T degrees C

    200

    100

    0
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    s entropy kJ/(kg*K)

    h-s Plot
    4000

    3000
    h enthalpy kJ/kg

    2000

    1000

    0
    0 2 4 6 8 10
    s entropy kJ/(kg*K)

    10/26/2005 3

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