Photo: Heathrow Airport

Air Diffusion System for Airports

As individual as your requirements
 Table of contents

Air Diffusion Systems .................................................................................................................................. 3–4

Displacement Systems .............................................................................................................................. 5–26

Induction Displacement Systems ................................................................................................. 27–30

Mixing Systems ................................................................................................................................................... 31–36

References Airports Projects .............................................................................................................. 37–38

Contact Strulik....................................................................................................................................................... 39

„More comfort, less energy“

2 References
 Photo: Heathrow Airport Photo: Gatwick Airport Photo: Stuttgart Airport

Air Diffusion Systems for Major Airports

The ventilation and air conditioning of large and extensive Strulik´s Design Assistance and
designed buildings have very special requirements con-
cerning to the design of engineers and architects. To meet
Supply Service
the ventilation requirements in respect of efficiency, com-
The sample below shows the very specific and unique coop-
fort, economy and design usely you will find no standardized
eration between architects, design engineers and contrac-
components the application as well as use of standardized
tors on one side and Strulik on the other side for Heathrow
product are rarely possible. For many years Strulik has con-
Airport T5.
centrated its activities in the field of tailor made solutions
for airports and offers a wide range of assistance to archi-
Strulik engineers worked on the design of the units in Duis-
tects, design engineers and contractors in order to meet all
burg including frequent meetings with the architects and
the above mentioned requirements.
the client’s engineers at Heathrow. More than 90 percent of
the units were developed specially for the project. All those
During the last few years Strulik offered its “Design Assis-
units were tested to ensure proper performance. CFD (com-
tance and Supply Service” to design engineers, architects
putational fluid dynamics) studies were also called upon to
and contractors involved in the following Airports:
improve some of the performances. The CFD studies were
performed by Strulik’s co-operation partners Innius-GTD of
▪ Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5A, T5B, T5C and
Dresden. Noise, air move- ment and pressure loss tests
TTS system.
were performed by Strulik as well as at the Technical Col-
▪ Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T2B
lege of Cologne.
▪ Gatwick Airport London, North Terminal, Baggage
reclaim
Especially in the air conditioning of airports displacement
▪ Stuttgart Airport, Terminal 3
systems become more and more important, because they
▪ Munich Airport, Terminal 2
give a big contribution for increasing comfort and reducing
▪ Rotterdam Airport
costs of operation.
▪ Turkmenbasi Airport, Turkmenistan

References 3
 In every stage of the process Strulik takes over an important role of optimizing the functionality and efficiency of airport
terminals. The range of Strulik activities in supplying airport air diffusion systems comprises:

Preliminary planning
▪ Elaboration of basic proposal

Design stage
▪ Calculation of cooling loads and air flows by means of room simulation
▪ Selection, rating and positioning of air terminal devices
▪ Design of air terminal devices in cooperation with design engineers and architects
▪ Investigation of air velocity and temperature distribution in occupied zones

Construction phase
▪ Manufacturing and testing of prototypes and mock ups
▪ Manufacturing and supplying of air distribution terminals
▪ Assistance in commissioning

Completion and handover

▪ Assistance in commissioning

Displacement Systems
Air is supplied at low velocity and level to the space. Room-supply air temperature difference is limited to 3-4 K. Cold air
spreads above the floor and is warmed up by people or other heat sources. The air then moves up by natural convection and
is extracted at high level. This system is only for cooling. The following options of diffuser installation are possible:
▪ In-wall installation
▪ Free floor standing
▪ In raised floors
▪ Integration into columns (wrap around)
▪ Integration into other functional elements (counters, escalators etc.)

Induction Displacement Systems

This system works similar to the above, but due to the special construction of the diffuser a higher differential of room to
supply air of 8-10 K cooling can be used. This will allow for the supply of lower air flows at higher cooling loads.

Mixing Systems
The air is supplied with higher velocity and higher temperature differences between supply and room air (8-12 K cooling
and up to 15 K heating). Diffusers are installed at high level in the walls or in the ceilings. The air velocity and temperature
must be reduced to allow comfort conditions in the occupied zone. Mixing systems are used for cooling and heating. Differ-
ent types of supply air diffusers can be used, such as:
▪ Swirl diffusers
▪ Adjustable swirl diffusers (different air flow pattern for heating and cooling)
▪ Adjustable jet nozzles (with and without displacement section or integrated swirl
▪ Combinations of jet nozzles swirl nozzles and displacement sections

4 References
 Displacement Systems

Options for visible installation of displacement diffusers into walls

In-wall installation is the normal sys-
tem to integrate displacement diffus-
ers, but large air flows require big are-
as which are normally not available.
Moreover big concourses cause prob-
lems with the “near zone” and the
“penetration depth”.

Also the protection of big front faces

against damage is a problem.

Therefore these wall diffusers are

used mainly in transition areas and
also mostly in a modified version.

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal 5A

Shockproof stainless steel LSE front

grill. Different sizes of wire and free
area are possible.

In-wall displacement diffuser front face for installation onto

In-wall displacement diffuser with plenum plasterboard plenum

References 5
 Another possibility is the installation of 500 to 800 mm placement diffusers with internal air distribution duct, fixing
high continuous running wall facia with a continuous ple- frame for face plate and front face made of 2 layers of per-
num of small depth, built from plasterboard with a front forated plate with flame resistant foam between the panels
face made of shockproof stainless steel LSE grill. Here dis- are fixed with clips and secured with screws.

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5A

In-wall displacement diffuser solution. Plenum built by cus-
Diffuser with additional shockproof front grill of stainless tomer between partition. Removable front face installed in
steel LSE wire grill fixing frames

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal 5A

6 References
 Displacement Systems

Options for non-visible installation of displacement diffusers into walls

The units shown below are installed as wall lining diffusers 200 mm recesses plinth. This page details a unit with air
in the space between primary wall and front wall panel. The flow of 350 m³/h. The diffusers are not visible.
air is supplied through small integrated swirls built into a

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5A

Non visible installation of air terminal devices as wall lining diffusers in the space The air is supplied through a
between primary wall and front wall panel. 200 mm high plinth

Wall lining diffuser with integrated swirls

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5A
at the bottom. Air flow about 90 l/s per
Diffusers supplied from a header duct meter

References 7
 Heathrow Airport, London, Pier 2B North

Wall lining diffusers with air supplied through the raised floor.

Diffuser cross-section
Air supply through the raised floor

8 References
 Displacement Systems

Options for installation of displacement diffusers in front of walls

Displacement diffuser, three sides ac-

tive, with steel profile frame construc-
tion and removable front panels, made
from perforated plate, reinforced on
the backside by a heavy grid. Air distri-
bution by a special air distribution duct
inside.
Surface: Powder coated
Rotterdam Airport

Free standing displacement diffus-

er 2 x 2 x 0,3 m, the air is supplied
from the floor.

References 9
 Option of installation of diffusers into column casings provided by customers
Column diffusers

Special displacement diffusers can be integrated into the column casing as shown in the example below. This procedure
requires good coordination between the suppliers of the columns and the supplier of column diffusers.

Alternatively the displacement diffuser can be built as a combined functional and design element and supplied completely
by the diffuser manufacturer. The next page shows such a diffuser that was built in two parts. The diameter is 918 mm and
the height is 4.080 mm.

Adjustable displacement diffuser for

heating and cooling mode

Displacement diffuser of quarter

round shape integrated into a fourpart
stainless steel column casing
Heathrow Airport London, Terminal T5A

10 References
 Displacement Systems

Option of combined column casing and displacement diffuser

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5A

LSE column diffuser casing as combined functional and de- Column casing built of two parts, connected by a 20 mm
sign element. Height 4080 mm, diameter 918 mm, plinth wide profile. Connection to the duct system from the top.
200 mm. Active height 2000 mm. Air flow 700 l/s

Supply duct and air distribution ele-

ment fixed to the steel column profile.

Three steel ducts supply the air to the

diffuser front face

References 11
 Option of combined column casing and displacement diffuser

Gatwick Airport, London

Elliptical displacement diffuser 2 x 1 x 8 m in Gatwick Airport, Elliptical displacement diffuser construction scheme
South Terminal, Baggage Reclaim.

Gatwick Airport, London

Construction detail of displacement Framework and Subconstruction for elliptical displacement

subconstruction diffuser

12 References
 Displacement Systems

Option for free standing diffusers

Free standing diffusers are a simple way of ventilating large floor areas. Depending on the accepted size of the diffuser air
volumes of 1.500 to 15.000 m³/h can be supplied. The shape of the diffuser can be round or rectangular. The rectangular
shapes are most suitable because they allow the integration of display panels, advertising boards or fire hose reels. The
active height should not exceed 2 m.

Free standing diffusers of 1,5 m, 2 m and 3 m length, 1 m

width and 2 m height with reinforced LSE front grill are in-
stalled on Apron, Gate and Departures Level at Heathrow T5.

The internal air distribution duct guar-

antees an equal air flow to the diffuser
front panels. These are mounted in
frames and can easily be removed. The
LSE front grill is an excellent protection
against damaging.
London Airport, Terminal T5A

Free standing diffuser with display

panel on top.
Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5A

References 13
 Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5A

Free standing beacons of 4 m length, 1,5 m width and 2 m diffuser height, with display panel and zone indication. Air flow
between 1.700 l/s and 3.950 l/s

Diffuser steel frame construction with

installed air distribution duct and fix-
ing frames

14 References
 Displacement Systems

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal 2B North

Free standing binnacle diffuser on departures level of Terminal T2B North.
Active height 1000 mm, diameter 550 mm, plinth 100 mm. Airflow/unit: 430 l/s
or 1550 m3/h.

Airport Paris Orly, South Terminal, East extension, Gate seating area

References 15
 Coffee Table Diffuser” as displacement diffuser between the
waiting area seats. Measurements 365 x 1086 x 450 mm
Airflow/unit: 300 l/s or 1080 m3/h.

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal 5C Departures Level

“Coffee Table Diffuser” with integrated electric socket

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal 5C Departures Level

16 References
 Displacement Systems

Free standing IDL diffuser on Gate level, which can be used

as writing desk too.
Dimension 3 x 2 x 1,05 m, some of which with fire hose reel
on one short side.

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5A

Fixing of the front panels, which are built of two especially

perforated plates with a layer of non-inflammable foam in
Installation of fixing frames into the steel frame construction. between.

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5A Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5A

References 17
 Option of diffuser integration into other functional elements
There are different alternatives of integrating displacement diffusers. Diffusers with suitable front faces, like LSE stainless
steel grills can be integrated into the plinth of the check-in and booking counters. In this case the diffusers are used as
functional and as design element.

Larger air volumes can also be supplied, when the outer wall of the conveyor belt station can be used for supplying air.

257 mm high LSE front grill with 30

mm plinth and 16 mm shadow gap
used as plinth diffuser and decorative
plinth element. Check-in counter with
active elements on the long side and
blind elements on the short side.
Stuttgart Airport, Terminal 3

Same design for active and

non-active elements.

Plinth diffuser with stainless steel LSE grill. Supply air spigot Decorative blind elements on the doors.
from the back or from below.

18 References
 Displacement Systems

Stuttgart Airport, Terminal 3

Displacement diffusers are integrated into the housing of the baggage drop station at the end of the check-in counter line.
Stainless steel frame construction with diffuser plenums are installed in the three outside walls. Walls and top side are
panelled with shockproof stainless steel LSE grills.

Connection detail of the removable

stainless steel LSE front panels.

Dimensions of the baggage drop sta-

tion housing: Length: 7.600 mm, width:
4.300 mm, height: 1.600 mm. Air flow:
4.100 l/s

References 19
 Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5A

Displacement diffusers in the back side of free standing self baggage drop counters. Size of the three-part diffuser front
face: 2.253 x 1.135 mm, air flow 570 l/s per unit.

48 units of self service baggage drops, of which 33 units

are used as active diffusers, 15 are blind elements.

20 References
 Displacement Systems

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5A

Displacement diffuser front face installed under escalator. Plenum build by the building con-tractor with air distribution
duct inside.

Diffuser front faces integrated into

steel frame construction. A LSE front
grill protects the diffuser face plates.

Stuttgart Airport, Terminal 3

Displacement diffuser under escalator. Front face in one part and self-support- LSE material framed by heavy stain-
ing. Steel plate plenum box behind the LSE grill. less steel profiles.

References 21
 Option for floor diffusers
For safety reasons this variation is limited to control rooms
in the concourse and the control tower. In public areas this
effective system of supplying the air is not permitted. Anoth-
er problem could be the absence of raised floors in these
areas.

Floor diffuser 200 mm diameter for installation in raised

floors. Air is supplied through the raised floor or by plenum.
Air flow up to 20 l/s per diffuser. Temperature difference up
to 8 K. Visible part from stainless steel.
Also available as floor diffuser 250 mm diameter with air
flow up to 35 l/s.
Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5A

Floor diffusers for medium or heavy loads. Floor diffuser sizes Air flow pattern of Strulik floor diffusers.
200/160 and 250/225 in control rooms.

22 References
 Displacement Systems

Option of linear floor diffusers

Heathrow Airport, London, Pier T2B North

Linear floor diffuser along travelator. Width 200 mm, frame and front grill stain-
less steel, plenum steel plate zinc coated.

Hinge element for access

to electric sockets below
the diffuser front grill.

Linear floor diffuser along travelator. Width 200 mm, frame

and front grill stainless steel, plenum steel plate zinc coated.
Heathrow Airport, London, Pier T2B

References 23
 Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal Pier T2B North

Linear floor diffusers under balustrades, width 200 mm.

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal Pier T2B North

Linear floor diffusers under balustrades, width 400 mm.

Linear floor diffusers in front of glass façade, width 250 mm.

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal Pier T2B North

24 References
 Displacement Systems

Option for specific solutions

An indirect way of supplying the air to the check-in counter staff and the queuing passengers in front of the counter was
selected. In these areas, North and South check-in T5A, the diffusers were installed in a room on the back side of the coun-
ter area and the air is supplied through the opening for the baggage conveyor belts. A CFD study was employed to ensure
proper performance.

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5A

Indirect way of supplying the air to check-in counter staff and the queuing passengers in front of the counter.

The diffusers are installed in a room on the back side of the

counter area and the air is supplied through the openings
for the baggage conveyor belt.

References 25
 Free standing recirculation air cooling unit

Free standing cooling unit with 13 kW cooling capacity. Air flow 1.100 l/s. Sound Cooling unit with fan, water chiller, filter
pressure 49 dB(A). Diameter: 1,1 m, height: 2,5 m. Material: stainless steel, blasted. and special silencer.

Strasbourg Main Station, France

26 References
 Induction Displacement Systems

Option for installation of in-wall induction displacement diffusers

The outer appearance of induction displacement diffusers

does not differ from normal displacement diffusers.
The different construction however allows the units to run
temperature differences up to 8-10 K.

In-wall diffuser as induction displacement diffuser.

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5A

References 27
 Integration of induction displacement diffusers into furniture

Reception desk counter with induction

displacement diffusers in the front.
Active front face with swirl diffusers,
decorative front face from stainless
steel LSE grill.

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5B,

BA CIP Lounge

28 References
 Induction Displacement Systems

Column diffusers as induction displacement diffusers

Column diffuser as induction displacement diffuser build as a combined func-

tional and design element. 750 mm diameter, height 3500 mm. Height of active
part: 1500 mm. Air is supplied from the ceiling.

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal T5B,

BA CIP Lounge

References 29
 Option for ceiling diffusers for heating and cooling
(mounting heights from 3 to 10 m)

Variable swirl diffusers, size 400, Dresden Airport

Variable swirl diffuser for installation between 3 and 10 m, 15 K cooling and 15 K

heating. Air flows between 500 and 2000 m3/h. Adjustable by hand, self-regulat-
ing element or servo motor. Low sound power level and constant pressure loss in
any position.

Heathrow Airport, London, Underground platforms Terminal 5

Variable swirl diffuser for heating and cooling. Mounting height 2,5 to 5 m. Air
flow between 50 and 300 m3/h. Adjustable by hand or self-regulating element.

30 References
 Mixing Systems

Option for wall diffusers

Rubber jet nozzles size 70 mm, re-

cessed and mounted into an alumini-
um profile constuction.

Adjustable rubber jet nozzle, available

from size 25 to 160 mm.

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal 5A

References 31
 Jet nozzle configuration with adjustable rubber nozzle and Jet nozzle configuration with integrated swirl diffuser for
displacement section. Horizontal throw can be adjusted by short horizontal throws and bigger air flows.
adaptation of jet nozzle and displacement section.

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal 5 TTS Area

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal 5 TTS Area

32 References
 Mixing Systems

Multi-jet nozzle diffuser with displacement section, installed

at a distance of 4 m from the North and South façade to
warm up the glass façade and to reduce the downdraft
effect of the cool air at the façade.

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal 5A

Multi swirl nozzle diffuser with displacement section and

special perforated front face. Used for cooling up to 10 K
and heating up to 6 K.

Heathrow Airport, London, Terminal 5 TTS Area

References 33
 London Heathrow Airport, Underground Walkways at Terminal 5 A, B and C

Fixed air pattern ceiling diffuser for mix-

ing systems, size 675 x 188 x 225 mm.
Airflow/unit 100l/s or 360 m3/s.

34 References
 Mixing Systems

Munich Airport, Terminal 2, passport control and security control areas

Wall diffusers for heating and cooling up to 10 K and for

installation behind the design front grill supplied by the
building contractor. Diffuser consisting of rubber nozzle,
swirl nozzle and displacement section.
Air flow about 600 m3/h.

Linear wall diffuser for heating and cooling with integrated

wire front grill. Active diffuser front face with rubber jet noz-
zles, swirl nozzles and displacement section.

Installed at Turkmenbasi Airport, Turkmenistan

References 35
 Wall diffuser system built of jet nozzles
in combination with multiswirl diffusers.
Airport Munich, check-in area

Positioning of jet nozzles and multi-swirl diffusers Detail A for positioning of jet nozzles and multi-swirl
diffusers

Multi-swirl diffusers with swirl diffusers

of different swirl direction (for creating
a horizontal air flow pattern) integrated
into a displacement section.

Installation of multi-swirl diffusers in the top side of the supply duct.

36 References
 References Airports Projects

Stuttgart Airport ▪ Involved in the development process of architectural design by Gerkan,

Terminal 3 Marg und Partner, Hamburg (architects)
▪ Design assistance for IGH, Stuttgart (design engineers)
▪ Appointed as supplier of the complete displacement diffusers
(see Airport reference leaflet)

Munich Airport ▪ Introduced to the project by GTD Dresden, who revised the original design.
Terminal 2 ▪ Development of special WSA type diffusers and combined wall diffusers
(Check-in and security area) after CFD flow studies and testing of prototypes
▪ Supply of the designed diffusers (see Airport reference leaflet)

Rotterdam Airport ▪ Assistance to the design engineering office

▪ Development of displacement diffusers according to architectural
­requirements (see Airport reference leaflet)

Orly Airport, Paris ▪ Enquiry by the airport operating company for supplying 1000 diffusers for
installation in front of the facade through STIK (French subsidiary company
of Strulik)
▪ Manufacturing and supply of the redesigned diffusers by Strulik.

Heathrow Airport ▪ Design contract by AMEC for designing the displacement diffusers for
Terminal 5A and B, Terminal 5A
London ▪ Investigation of the ventilation for all four facades and supply of diffusers
for the north and south facades
▪ Design of all displacement diffusers based on the air flow calculation by Arup
▪ Supply of displacement after manufacturing of mock ups and performance
of CFD studies
▪ Follow-up orders e.g. for control rooms, the Mc Kinsey office, jet diffusers
for the Terminal 5B staircase, the Track Transit System and design and
supply of diffus-ers for the BAA´s (formerly British Airports Authority)
CIP Lounge in Terminal 5B

Heathrow Airport ▪ Design and Supply of wall-in displacement diffusers for security screen-
Terminal T5, London ings area
▪ Design and supply of new IDL diffusers an arrivals level
▪ Design of displacement ventilation system for new first class check in
area on departures level

Heathrow Airport ▪ Assistance in the predesign of the displacement sys-tem to WSP

Terminal 5C, London (design engineers)
▪ Assigned by Carillion to give design assistance to DSSR (consulting
engineers, definition of air flows, type and location of the diffusers)
▪ Design of prototypes together with Pascall & Watson (architects)
▪ Manufacturing and testing of prototypes
▪ Verification of the designed systems through CFD studies
▪ Supply of diffusers for the departures level
▪ Manufacturing and supply of diffusers for the Track Transit System and
the toilets

References 37
 Heathrow Airport ▪ Contract for design assistance by DSSR (consulting engineers)
Terminal 2B Phase 1, London ▪ Assignment for a CFD building simulation to specify air flows, diffuser
types and diffuser locations
▪ Verification of the designed system by CFD studies
▪ Manufacturing and supply of all designed diffusers for Balfour & Beatty

Heathrow Airport ▪ Contract design assistance, manufacturing and supply of diffusers for
Terminal T2B Phase 2, London Balfour & Beatty

Turkmenbasi Airport, ▪ Revision of the originally designed system thereby significantly reducing
Turkmenistan the reuquired air flow
▪ Specification of diffuser locations and definition of four different diffuser
types
▪ Manufacturing and supply of the complete designed systems to Polimeks,
Istanbul

Gatwick Airport, London, ▪ Design of all elliptical displacement diffusers for the refurbished and
North Terminal extended national and international baggage reclaim hall
▪ Manufacturing of mock ups and running of performance tests.
▪ Design and supply of additional diffusers in Baggage reclaim hall
▪ Modification of dummy diffusers into active displacement diffusers

Muscat International ▪ Design of the air distribution system with about 28 different tailor made
Airport diffusers for all piers and different parts of the main building, based on
the calculations by Cowi-Larsen.
▪ Manufacturing and supply of diffuser for:
- Check in Area
- Arrivals hall
- Baggage reclaim
- Emigration hall
- Staircase lobby
- Design of special wall and floor diffusers in piers
- Design and supply of ceiling diffusers in 11.5. height in VIP lounges

38 References
 Contact Strulik

Contact Strulik

Division Air Diffusion Systems

Am Alten Viehhof 7
47138 Duisburg, Germany

Phone: +49 (0) 203 / 429 46-0

Fax: +49 (0) 203 / 429 46-66
E-mail: [email protected]

Kenny Neuhäußer M. Eng.

Divisional Director

E-Mail: [email protected]
Phone: +49 (0) 203 / 429 46-13

References 39
 Strulik GmbH
Neesbacher Straße 15 Division Air Diffusion Systems
65597 Hünfelden-Dauborn, Germany Am Alten Viehhof 7
47138 Duisburg, Germany
Phone: +49 (0) 6438 / 839-0
E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 203 / 429 46-0 Subject to technical changes!
Web: www.strulik.com E-mail: [email protected] © 2020 Strulik GmbH
March 2020