JC Mathematics 2018-2020 PDF

JC MATHEMATICS (309) and ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (509) Syllabuses
November 2018 - 2020 Examinations
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction 3
Aims – Ordinary Mathematics 4
Assessment objectives 5
Approaches 6
Specification grid 8
Scheme of assessment 9
Ordinary Mathematics Curriculum content 10
Grade Descriptions 18
Additional Mathematics 21
Aims - Additional Mathematics 22
Assessment objectives 23
Scheme of assessment 24
Additional Mathematics Curriculum content 25
Grade descriptions 28
1. INTRODUCTION
The Junior Certificate (JC) syllabuses are designed as three-year courses for examination in Form 3.The
syllabus assumes that learners have acquired knowledge, understanding and skills during their study of
Mathematics at Primary Level (SPC). The curriculum content of the syllabus is arranged into topics covering
four areas: Number; Shape, Position and Space; Algebra; and Data Handling, but it is treated throughout in a
holistic way. It is intended to promote imaginative and innovative styles of teaching and learning so that the
course is enjoyable for all learners, and is designed to assess what learners know, understand and can do. As
such, it will enable learners to progress to higher-level courses of mathematical studies.
Learners will follow Ordinary Mathematics (309) Curriculum plus the Additional Mathematics (519)
Curriculum. The Ordinary Mathematics curriculum is examined by two written papers. The Additional
Mathematics curriculum is examined by a single paper. The papers are described in the Scheme of
Assessment.
The syllabus will act as an instrument that will direct instruction and assessment in the classroom, as well as
guide examinations. It is structured such that it dovetails with the Swaziland General Certificate of Secondary
Education [SGCSE] and it conforms to international standards.
The main sections of the syllabus are:

Aims
Assessment objectives
Scheme of Assessment
Curriculum Content
Grade Descriptions
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2. AIMS
The aims set out below describe the National Curriculum Educational Goals for a course in Mathematics for
Junior Certificate and are the same for all learners. They are not written in order of priority.
The aims are to enable students to:
1. develop their mathematical knowledge and oral, written and practical skills in a way
which encourages confidence and provides satisfaction and enjoyment;
2. read mathematics and write and talk about the subject in a variety of ways;
3. develop a feel for number, carry out calculations and understand the significance of
the results obtained;
4. apply mathematics in everyday situations and develop an understanding of the part
which mathematics plays in the world around them;
5. solve problems, present the solution clearly, check and interpret the results;
6. develop an understanding of mathematical principles;
7. recognize when and how a situation may be represented mathematically, identify and
interpret relevant factors and, where necessary, select an appropriate mathematical
method to solve the problem;
8. use mathematics as a means of communication with emphasis on the use of clear
expression;
9. develop the ability to apply mathematics in other subjects, particularly science and
technology;
10. develop the abilities to reason logically, to generalize and to prove;
11. appreciate patterns and relationships in mathematics;
12. produce and appreciate imaginative and creative work arising from mathematical
ideas;
13. develop their mathematical abilities by considering problems and conducting
individual and cooperative enquiry and experiment, including extended pieces of work
of a practical and investigative kind;
14. appreciate the interdependence of different branches of mathematics;
15. acquire a foundation appropriate to their further study and of other disciplines.
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3. ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES
There is a single Assessment Objective in Mathematics
TECHNIQUE WITH APPLICATION

A description of the assessment objective follows.
Learners should be able to:
1. organise, interpret and present information accurately in written, tabular, graphical

and diagrammatic forms;
2. perform calculations by suitable methods;
3. understand systems of measurement in everyday use and make use of them in the
solution of problems;
4. estimate, approximate and work to degrees of accuracy appropriate to the context;
5. use mathematical and other instruments to measure and to draw to an acceptable
degree of accuracy;
6. interpret, transform and make appropriate use of mathematical statements expressed
in words or symbols;
7. recognise and use spatial relationships in two and three dimensions, particularly in
solving problems;
8. recall, apply and interpret mathematical knowledge in the context of everyday
situations;
9. make logical deductions from given mathematical data;
10. recognise patterns and structures in a variety of situations, and form generalisations;
11. respond to a problem relating to a relatively unstructured situation by translating it into
an appropriately structured form;
12. analyse a problem, select a suitable strategy and apply an appropriate technique to
obtain its solution;
13. apply combinations of mathematical skills and techniques in problem solving;
14. set out mathematical work, including the solution of problems, in a logical and clear
form using appropriate symbols and terminology.
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4. APPROACHES
The curriculum content of the syllabus is arranged into topics covering four areas: Number; Shape, Position and
Space; Algebra; and Data Handling, but it is treated throughout in a holistic way.
Number
Number is the foundation of mathematics. Number enables us to interpret and represent the world in which we
live. Mathematical intuition grows with a strong basic understanding of number and with that our ability to do
mathematical problem solving.
Learners engage in problem solving within contextual situations by communicating, reasoning and connecting
to:
(i) represent and use numbers in a variety of equivalent situations by contextualised situations
(ii) understand meanings of operations and how they relate to one another
(iii) compute fluently and make reasonable estimate
Algebra
Mathematics has been defined as the study of patterns. Learning to recognise, analyse, describe and represent
patterns and number relationships connects math to the world and helps us to appreciate fully the value of such
pleasures as art, science etc. Maths concepts formerly taught only in basic algebra courses are increasingly
part of the culture and vocabulary of modern life.
Being able to see and use patterns has been identified as a fundamental skill needed for developing
mathematical understanding. Algebra serves as a bridge between arithmetic and more broadly generalise
mathematical situations. These generalisations can be expressed in words, tables and charts, the notation of
formulas and graphs.
Algebra impacts the competency of workers, and algebraic thinking skills are crucial if workers are to compete in
the global economy. Workplace skills requiring competencies in “information”, “systems” and “technology” stress
the need for organising, interpreting and communicating information employing computers as a tool for those
tasks as well as the ability to “discover a rule or principle underlying the relationship between two or more
objects and apply it in solving a problem”. Identifying and expressing patterns, relation and function are the
algebraic skills imbedded within these competencies.
to:
(i) explore, identify analyse and extend patterns in mathematical and contextual situations
(ii) articulate and represent number and data using words, tables, graphs, rules and equations
(iii) Recognise and use algebraic symbols to model mathematical and contextual situations
(iv) Analyse change in various contexts
Statistics and Probability

Numeracy and literacy learning is linked by Statistics and Probability. Numbers, logical reasoning and texts
interweave to describe phenomena visually, numerically and verbally in what is termed data.
Data a wide-ranging topic touches on many areas of academic study and tells us much about our world. For
instance, we learn about preference, group characteristics when we read and interpret data. We learn about the
power of evidence as we develop the skills to make statements and evaluate arguments based on data. We
learn the power of the question and the framer of the question when we collect and represent data, and we
learn that sometimes true, sometimes false, pictures are created when we express data into statistics. Data is a
powerful descriptive tool.
So powerful is data that agencies of authority often use to generate, promote and sometimes, evaluate
decisions.
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to:
(i) collect, organise and represent data
(ii) read and interpret data representations
(iii) describe data using numerical descriptions, statistics and terminology
(iv) make and evaluate arguments or statements by applying knowledge of data analysis, bias factors,
graph descriptions and context
(v) know and apply basic probability concepts
Shape, Position and Space

Geometry and measurement help us represent in an orderly fashion what we see in our world. Whether we are
shopping or designing, we continually bump up against these mathematical organisers.
Geometry and measures often sparks a reward interest in mathematics. Investigative problems that involve
geometry and measurement broaden all students’ mathematical understanding and engage them as they
explore mathematical ideas.
Hands-on, interactive investigations, using non-standard and standard units, help learners develop an
understanding of the many measurable attributes of physical objects. Measurement including length, time,
temperature, capacity, weight, mass area, volume, and angle will benefit from this approach. This approach
helps build an accessible measurement vocabulary and a meaningful comprehension of what it means to
measure.
to:
(i) use and apply geometric properties and relationships to describe the physical world
(ii) identify and analyse the characteristics of geometric figures
(iii) relate geometric ideas to number and measurement ideas including the concepts of perimeter,
area, volume, angle measure and capacity
(iv) use transformations and symmetry to analyse mathematical situations
(v) specify locations and describe special relationships using coordinate geometry and other
representational systems
(vi) understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, systems and processes of measurement
(vii) apply appropriate techniques, tools and formulae to determine measurement
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Specification Grid
Objective Number Short-answer Structured/longer Paper 1 Paper 2

questions answer questions
1 and 2    
3 to 7    
8   
9    
10   
11  
12  
13    
14  
The grid above is for general guidance only and illustrates where particular objectives might receive more
emphasis. Ticks are placed in the grid only where there is likely to be emphasis although the objective may also
be met in other areas. There is no rigid emphasis between particular assessment objectives and individual
examination components; the objectives may be assessed in any question. The components of the scheme will
differ in emphasis placed on various objectives.
The short-answer questions fulfill a particularly important function in ensuring Paper 1 coverage and allowing
the testing of knowledge, understanding and manipulative skills, while greater emphasis is placed on
applications to the processes of problem solving in the structured/longer answer questions.
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5. Scheme of Assessment
The purpose of assessment in Mathematics is two-fold:

(i) it is to provide feedback to both the teacher and the learner as part of the teaching/learning process
(ii) it is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mathematics programme at the secondary school level.
Scheme of Assessment
All candidates must enter for two papers. These will be Paper 1 and Paper 2.
Paper 1 (2 hours)
Compulsory short-answer paper consisting of 100 marks. The paper is divided into multiple
choice and short answer questions.
This paper will be weighted at 50% of the final total available marks.
Paper 2 (2 hours and 30 minutes)

Compulsory structured/longer answer paper consisting of 100 marks.
This paper will be weighted at 50% of the final total available marks.
Weighting of papers
Paper Weighting
Papers 1 and 2 only
1 50%
2 50%
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6. Ordinary Mathematics Curriculum Content
Learners will follow the Ordinary Mathematics curriculum. The curriculum content that follows is divided into
topics covering four areas: Number; Shape, Position and Space; Algebra; and Data Handling. The table below
shows the approximate weighting of these areas in each of the components of the examination.
Paper Number Shape Algebra Data Handling

Position
Space
1 30% 35% 25% 10%
2 20% 35% 30% 15%
As well as demonstrating skill in the following techniques, candidates will be expected to apply them in the
solution of problems.
Appropriate teaching time for the Mathematics syllabus should be equivalent to seven (7) periods of forty (40)
minutes each over a period of ninety (90) weeks/cycles.
TOPIC OBJECTIVES
All learners should be able to:
1. Types of Numbers and 1.1 Identify sets of primes, multiples, factors, squares, cubes in natural
their Sequences, Sets numbers.
and Set Notation and Identify includes listing and describing
Language [Topic
Area: Number] 1.2 Express natural numbers as products of their prime factors.
1.3 Common multiples and common factors (e.g. LCM and HCF)
1.4 List directed numbers.
1.5 List sets and subsets of real numbers. (i.e. natural numbers, primes,
factors, rational and irrational numbers) in a sequence.
1.6 Find missing numbers in a sequence of:

(i) composite numbers
(ii) triangle numbers
(iii) rectangle numbers
(iv) Pascal’s triangle
1.7 Find rules for number patterns
1.8 Draw Venn diagrams for up to 3 sets and a universal set, and use the
language and notation of sets (i.e. subsets, union, intersection
complement number of elements)
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TOPIC OBJECTIVES
1.9 Describe and use set symbols:

 - “… is a set of …”
- “… is an element of…”
- “…is not an element of…”
- the empty set
- intersection of
- union of
- proper subset of
- is a subset of
- is not a proper subset of
A- complement of set A
ξ - universal set
n(A)- number of elements in set A
2. Place Value, Estimation 2.1 Determine place value of digits

and Limits of Accuracy
[Topic Area: Number] 2.2 Round off to specified level of accuracy
2.3 Estimate quantities (length, volume, capacity, area population etc)
2.3 Approximate to a number of significant figures and decimal places and

round off answers to reasonable accuracy in the context of a given
problem
2.5 Approximate numbers to a given place value and/or decimal place.
2.6 Find the upper and lower bounds for a given specified accuracy e.g.
population, time, distance, speed, etc.

3. Operations [Topic
3.1 Use the four basic operations for calculations with whole numbers
Area: Number]
3.2 Multiply and divide fractions by whole numbers and fractions.
3.3 Convert fractions to:

(i) their equivalent fractions and vice-versa
(ii) improper fractions, and vice-versa.
3.4 Add and subtract decimals.
3.5 Divide and multiply decimals by powers of 10
3.6 Write fractions in order of size
3.7 Multiply and divide decimals by

(i) a whole number
(ii) decimals and vice-versa.
3.8 Multiply and divide fractions by:

(i) whole numbers
(ii) fractions
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TOPIC OBJECTIVES
3.9 Simplify numerical expressions involving mixed operations
3.10 Use correct order of operations and brackets
3.11 Convert fractions and decimals into percentages.
3.12 Convert percentages into fractions and decimals.
3.13 Find squares, cubes, square roots and cube roots of numbers
3.14 Use the four operations on directed numbers
3.15 Apply appropriate checks of accuracy
3.16 order quantities and numbers by magnitude and demonstrate

familiarity with the symbols =, ≠, <, >, ≤, ≥.
4.1 Calculate a percentage of a given value or constant

4. Percentages [Topic
Area: Number]
4.2 Express one quantity as a percentage of another
4.3 Calculate:
(i) the percentage change given the original and new values
(ii) the new value given the original and percentage change
4.4 Calculate:
(i) the percentage profit or loss given the buying and the selling price
(ii) the selling price, given the buying price and the percentage loss and
profit
4.5 Calculate the simple interest due to a customer after a certain period of
time, given the percentage interest per annum and the amount
deposited
4.7 Calculate the total cost given the percentage sales tax
5.1 Use given data to solve problems on simple interest

5. Personal and House-
hold Finance [Topic Area:
5.2 Extract and interpret information from tables and charts (rates and bills)
Number]
5.3 Calculate using money and convert from one currency to another
including conversion graphs
6.1 Demonstrate understanding of the elementary ideas of and notation of

6. Ratio and Proportions
ratio, direct and inverse proportions (variation)
[Topic Area: Number]
6.2 Divide quantities in a given ratio
6.3 Use scale in practical situations
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TOPIC OBJECTIVES
6.4 Complete tables for simple direct proportion (variation)
7. Indices [Topic Areas: 7.1Use and evaluate positive, negative and zero indices
Number and Algebra]
7.2 Use the rules of indices
a0= 1, a-n = 1
an
am × an = am + n ,
 
am ÷ an = am - n and a m = am × n
n
8. Standard Form [Topic 8.1 Express numbers in standard form

Area: Number] A × 10n where n is a positive or negative integer and 1 A10
8.2 Use numbers in standard form
9. Properties of Shapes 9.1 Use and interpret vocabulary of n-sided

[Topic Area: Shape, (a) Regular polygons
Position and Space] (b) Irregular polygons
9.2 Identify and name prisms and pyramids (cones) using their bases.
9.3 Identify and draw nets of different solids
9.4 Use the following geometric properties

(a) angles at a point
(b) angles on a straight line and intersecting lines
(c) angles formed with parallel lines
(d) angle properties of triangles and quadrilaterals
9.5 Recognise rotational and line symmetry including order of rotational

symmetry in 2- Dimensions and circles directly related to their
symmetries
10. Geometrical terms 10.1 Understand and use the geometrical terms: point, line, parallel,
and Constructions [Topic bearing, right angle, acute, obtuse and reflex angles, perpendicular,
Area: Shape, Position and similarity, and congruence
Space]
10.2 Understand and use vocabulary of triangles, quadrilaterals, circles,
polygons and simple solid figures including nets.
10.3 Measure length of lines and size of angles
10.4 Construct a triangle using ruler, a protractor and compasses only.
10.5 Bisect lines and angles using protractors and set squares as
necessary.
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TOPIC OBJECTIVES
10.6 Construct other simple geometrical figures from given data using
protractors and set squares as necessary
11. Loci [Topic Area: 11.1 Construct and describe loci in 2-dimensions of points equidistant from
Shape, Position and (a) a point
Space] (b) two points
(c) a line
(d) two parallel lines
(e) two intersecting lines
12. Transformations 12.1 Reflect simple plane figures in horizontal or vertical lines
[Topic Area: Shape,
Position and Space] 12.2 Rotate simple plane figures about any point through multiples of 90 on
a grid with given coordinates
12.3 Construct given translations and enlargements of simple plane figures

on a grid
12.4 Recognise and give precise description of reflections, rotations,

enlargements and translations on a grid
13. Measurement, Time, 13.1 use current units of mass, length, area, volume and capacity in
Units and Mensuration practical situations and express quantities in terms of larger or
[Topic Area: Shape, smaller units
Position and Space]
13.2 calculate times in terms of the 24-hour and 12-hour clock
including the conversion between units of time e.g. 2 hours 24
minutes = 2.4 hours
13.3 read clocks, dials and timetables
13.4 calculate perimeter and area of

(a) rectangles
(b) triangles
(c) circles
(d) parallelograms
(e) trapezium
(f) other polygons
(g) and composite shapes
13.5 calculate the surface area and volume of:

(i) cuboids
(ii) cylinders
(iii) other prisms
13.6 solve problems involving the arc length and sector area as
fractions of the circumference and area of circle
13.7 solve problems involving time, distance and speed
13.8 solve problems involving mass, volume and density
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TOPIC OBJECTIVES
14. Trigonometry [Topic 14.1 Apply Pythagoras Theorem

Area: Shape, Position and
Space] 14.2 Find trigonometric ratios for angles of right-angled triangles
14.3 Use 3 figure tables to find the angle of a given ratio.
15. Bearings [Topic Area: 15.1 Draw and interpret bearings.

Shape, Position and
Space] 15.2 Interpret and use three-figure bearings measured clockwise from the
North (i.e. 000 to 360)
15.3 Apply bearings to solve simple problems involving not more than three
north lines
15.4 Find distances and make simple scale drawings
16. Graphs in Practical 16.1 Draw and use simple graphs in practical situations
situations [Topic Areas:
Algebra and Shape, 16.2 Calculate speed from a distance-time graph
Position and Space]
17. Algebraic 17.1 Use letters for numbers to express generalised numbers and
representation and express ions algebraically.
formulae [Topic Area:
Algebra] 17.2 Substitute numbers for words and letters in formulae
17.3 Construct simple algebraic expressions and set up simple equations
17.4 Expand brackets e.g. 6(2x + 4)
17.5 Simplify algebraic expressions

e.g. 5(x + 3) – 2(x -5)
17.6 Simplify simple algebraic fractions of the form
ax  cx , or x– a () x – b
k1 k2 k1 k2
(k1, k2  0)
e.g. 2x - x or 2 + 4
3 4 3a 5a
2 × 4 or 2x  x
3a 5a 3 4
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TOPIC OBJECTIVES
18. Coordinates, graphs, 18.1 Calculate the gradient of a straight line

relations and function
notation [Topic Area: 18.2 Find the equation of a straight line in the form y = mx + c
Algebra]
18.3 Identify the gradient and the y-intercept when a n equation of line is
given in
the form y = mx + c
18.4 Construct tables of values and draw and recognise graphs of the
form
ax + b, where a and b are integral constants.
19. Solution of equations 19.1 Solve simple linear equations

and inequalities [Topic
Area: Algebra] e.g. 3x + 2 = 14 and
5(2x – 3) – 3(x + 4) = 2
19.2 Solve fractional equations with numerical denominators
19.3 Solve fractional equations with single term algebraic denominators
19.4 Solve simple linear inequalities
19.5 Solve simultaneous linear equation in two unknowns by

the graphical method
20. Matrices [Topic Areas: 20.1 Write a matrix of any order

Algebra, Number, Data
Handling and Shape, 20.2 Multiply a matrix of any order by a scalar.
Position and Space]
20.3 Perform basic operations: addition, subtraction on matrices of any
order (where appropriate)
20.4 Understand and use the zero matrix as an identity under addition
21. Statistics [Topic Area: 21.1 Collect classify and tabulate data
Data Handling]
21.2 Read, interpret and draw simple inferences from tables and diagrams
21.3 Construct and use bar charts for qualitative and numerical data
(discrete and data with equal intervals)
21.4 Construct pie charts
21.5 Calculate the mean, median and mode for discrete data and
distinguish the purpose for which they are used
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TOPIC OBJECTIVES
22. Probability [Topic 22.1 Explain the terms and phrases used in probability
Area: Data Handling]
22.2 Calculate the probability of a single event as either a fraction or a
decimal (not a ratio)
22.3 Use the basic rules for combined events a and b or a or b

23. Vectors [Topic Areas:
Algebra and Shape, 23.1 Represent vectors by a directed line segment.
Position and Space]  x
23.2 Represent a vector by  
 y
or AB or a
23.3 Add and subtract vectors
23.4 Multiply a vector by a scalar
Notes:
1. Use of an Electronic Calculator and Mathematical Tables:
Mathematical tables will be provided for use in the examination.
The use of electronic calculators is prohibited in Paper 1 and Paper 2.
2. The usual Mathematical Instruments may be used in all examinations.
Candidates are encouraged to use the value of pi () as given in the question or on the front page of the
question paper.
3. Tracing paper may be used as an optional additional material for each of the written
papers.
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Grade Descriptions
The scheme of assessment is intended to encourage positive achievement by all candidates. Grade
descriptions are provided to give a general indication of the standards of achievement likely to have been shown
by candidates awarded particular grades. The grade awarded will depend on the extent to which the candidate
has met the assessment objectives overall.
Criteria for the standard of achievement likely to have been shown by candidates awarded Grades A, C and E
are shown below.
A Grade A candidate should be able to:
1 Use and evaluate positive, negative and zero indices in both numerical and algebraic work.
2 Express any number to 1, 2, or 3 significant figures.
3 Find missing numbers in a sequence of composite, triangle, rectangle and Pascal’s triangle numbers
4 For three (3) sets and a universal set, draw Venn diagrams and use the language of sets
5 Describe and use set symbols
6 Relate a percentage change to a multiplying factor and vice versa, e.g., multiplication by 1.03 results in
a 3% increase.
7 Calculate the percentage change given original and new values
8 Calculate new value given the original and percentage change
9 Calculate the percentage profit and loss
10 Calculate simple interest
11 Calculate total cost percentage sales tax
12 Use given data to solve problems on simple interest
13 Obtain appropriate upper and lower bounds for given data to a specified accuracy.
14 Solve problems involving solids including nets of solids.
15 Calculate the surface area and volumes of simple prisms including cuboids and cylinders
16 Solve problems involving the arc length and sector area.
17 Draw and interpret bearings
18 Interpret and use three- figure bearings
19 Apply bearings to solve simple problems involving not more than three North lines
20 Multiply and divide decimals by decimals
21 Add, subtract, multiply and divide algebraic fractions.
22 Manipulate algebraic equations – linear, simultaneous.
23 Write down algebraic formulae, expressions and equations from a description of a situation.
24 Solve equations with numerical denominators
25 Solve simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns
26 Calculate the gradient of a straight line
27 Find square roots and cube roots of numbers.
28 Construct and describe loci in two dimensions
29 Calculate the probability of simple combined events
30 Recognise, describe and generalise in algebraic format patterns
31 Extract and interpret information from tables and charts
32 Calculate the mean, median and mode for discrete data and distinguish the purpose for which they are
used
33 Use the basic rules for combined events ( a and b, a or b)
34 Process data, discriminating between necessary and redundant information.
35 Make quantitative and qualitative deductions from distance/time and speed/time graphs
36 Give clear mathematical justifications for the conjectures made in problem solving.
37 Solve ratio and proportion problems
38 Calculate using money and convert from one currency to another including conversion graphs
A Grade C candidate should be able to:
1 Apply the four rules of number to positive and negative integers, and vulgar and decimal fractions.
2 Apply Pythagoras Theorem
3 Identify sets of primes and cubes in natural numbers
4 Calculate percentage change.
5 Perform calculations involving several operations.
6 Multiply and divide decimals by a whole number
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7 Find squares and square roots of numbers

8 Use the four operations on directed numbers
9 Estimate quantities
10 Give a reasonable approximation to a calculation involving the four rules.
11 Approximate number of significant figures and decimal places and round off answers to a reasonable
level of accuracy in the context of a given problem
12 Round off to a specified level of accuracy
13 Order quantities by magnitude and demonstrate familiarity with symbols =, ≠, , , ≤, ≥ .
14 Use the rules of indices
15 Use and understand the standard form of a number.
16 Use current units of mass, length, area, volume and capacity in practical situations
17 Express quantities in terms of larger or smaller units
18 Solve problems involving perimeters and areas of compound shapes bounded by line segments and/or
circular arcs.
19 Solve practical problems involving mass, volume and density.
20 Draw distance-time graphs.
21 Make quantitative and qualitative conclusion from distance-time graphs.
22 Manipulate algebraic fractions with denominators containing a single term (numerical or algebraic).
23 Form simple algebraic expressions
24 Simplify algebraic expressions e.g. 5x  3  2x  5
25 Solve simple linear equations
26 Form and solve linear equations in practical situations.
27 Find the ratio of an angle in a right-angled triangle
28 Use 3- figure tables to find the angle of a given ratio.
29 Calculate angles in geometrical figures.
30 Recognise, and in simple cases formulate, rules for generating a pattern or sequence.
31 Solve simple simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns.
32 Identify and describe rotational and line symmetry in two dimensions
33 Draw and or state loci of points in two dimensions.
34 Draw, recognise and describe transformations of shapes (translation, rotation, reflection and
enlargement).
35 Rotate simple plane figures about any point through multiples of 90
36 Make, use and interpret scale drawings.
37 Use and interpret vocabulary of n- sided regular and irregular polygons
38 Identify and draw nets of different solids
39 Use the following geometric properties: angles at a point, angles on a straight line, parallel lines and
intersecting lines
40 Understand and use angle properties of triangles and quadrilaterals
41 Understand and use vocabulary of triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, polygons and simple solid figures
42 Calculate times in terms of the 24- hour clock including the conversion between units
43 Perform addition and subtraction on matrices
44 Calculate the probability of single events.
45 Make and justify estimates of probability.
46 Understand that relative frequency approximates to probability.
47 Analyse a given situation, generate data, generalise the data and describe the situation using
mathematical symbols, words or diagrams.
48 Read, interpret and draw simple inferences from tables and diagrams
49 Transform simple formulae.
50 Use brackets and extract common factors from algebraic expressions.
51 Construct a pie-chart from simple data.
52 Plot and interpret graphs, including travel graphs and graphs of linear equations.(include practical
situations)
53 Represent, add and subtract vectors.
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A Grade E candidate should be able to:
1 Perform the four basic operations on positive integers and decimal fractions (one operation only)
2 List sets and subsets of real numbers in a sequence
3 Identify sets of multiples, factors and squares in natural numbers
4 Identify common multiples and common factors
5 List directed numbers
6 Determine the place value of a digit
7 Convert fractions to their equivalent fractions
8 Convert a fraction to a decimal.
9 Calculate a simple percentage.
10 Divide quantities in a given ratio
11 Use metric units of length, mass and capacity.
12 Understand the relationship between mm, cm, m, km, g, and kg.
13 Continue a straightforward number sequence.
14 Find rules for number patterns
15 Use letters for numbers
16 Find the perimeter and area of a rectangle and other rectilinear shapes.
17 Construct a triangle.
18 Construct simple geometric figures from given data using protractors and set squares
19 Bisect lines and angles
20 Measure lines and angles
21 Substitute numbers in a simple formula and evaluate the remaining terms.
22 Solve simple linear equations in one unknown.
23 Extract information from simple timetables.
24 Collect, classify and tabulate data to find the frequency of given scores.
25 Tabulate numerical data
26 Construct and use bar charts ( discrete data with equal intervals)
27 Plot given points.
28 Identify the gradient and y- intercept when an equation is given in the form y  mx  c
29 Read travel graph.
30 Calculate the mean of a set of numbers.
31  
Manipulate simple algebraic expressions e.g. 6 2 x  4 .
32 Recognise and name plane shapes and solids (prisms and pyramids using their bases).
33 Recognise, describe and reflect plane shapes on a coordinate grid in lines parallel to the axes.
34 Translate plane shapes on a plane grid.
35 Identify and use reflective symmetry in two dimensional shapes.
36 Read tables, graphs (including travel graphs) and diagrams.
37 Display information in the form of a matrix of any order
 x
38 Represent vectors by a directed line segment and a column matrix  
 y
39 Multiply a matrix ( including a column vector) by a scalar
40 Read clocks, dials and time tables
20
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (519) SYLLABUS

All learners should take this course as it forms the basis for SGCSE.
1. Aims
The course should enable learners to:
1. extend their elementary mathematical skills and use these in the context of more advanced techniques;
2. develop an ability to apply mathematics in other subjects, particularly science and technology;
3. develop mathematical awareness and the confidence to apply their mathematical skills in appropriate
situations;
4. extend their interest in mathematics and appreciate its power as a basis for specific applications.
22
2. ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES
In addition to the assessment objective outlined for Ordinary Mathematics, learners should be able to:
1. recall and use manipulative techniques;

2. interpret and use mathematical data, symbols and terminology;
3. comprehend numerical, algebraic and special concepts and relationships;
4. recognise the appropriate mathematical procedure for a given situation;
5. formulate problems into mathematical terms and select and apply appropriate techniques of solution.
23
3. SCHEME OF ASSESSMENT
The purpose of assessment in Mathematics is two-fold:

(i) it is to provide feedback to both the teacher and the learner as part of the teaching/learning process
(ii) it is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mathematics programme at the secondary school level.
All candidates must enter for the Additional Mathematics Paper.
Additional Mathematics (2 hours and 30 minutes)

Compulsory structured/longer answer paper
consisting of 100 marks. The questions will contain
material from the Additional as well as Ordinary
To be taken by all candidates
curriculum.
This paper will be weighted at 100% of the final total

available marks.
Weighting of papers
Additional Mathematics To be taken by all candidates 100%
Notes:
1. Use of an Electronic Calculator and Mathematical Tables:
(i) All candidates should be able to use an electronic calculator efficiently and apply it appropriately to
the required degree of accuracy.
(ii) The syllabus assumes that candidates will be in possession of a scientific electronic calculator for
the Additional Mathematics paper. Three significant figures will be required in answers except
where otherwise stated.
2. Use of Mathematical Instruments:
The usual mathematical instruments may be used in this examination.
3. Candidates are encouraged to use the value of pi () from their calculators if their calculator provides
this. Otherwise, they should use the value of  as given in the question or on the front page of the
question paper.
4. Tracing paper may be used as an optional additional material for each of the written papers.
24
4. Additional Mathematics Curriculum content
Learners will follow the Additional Mathematics curriculum. The curriculum content that follows is divided into
topics covering four areas: Number; Shape, Position and Space; Algebra; and Data Handling. The table below
shows the approximate weighting of these areas in each of the components of the examination.
Paper Number Algebra Shape, Position Data Handling

and Space
40
One paper 10 35 15
As well as demonstrating skill in the following techniques, candidates will be expected to apply them in the
solution of problems.
Appropriate teaching time for the Additional Mathematics syllabus should be equivalent to three (3) periods of
forty (40) minutes each over a period of thirty (30) weeks/cycles.
CONTENT
TOPIC OBJECTIVES
1. Trigonometry [Topic 1.1 Apply Pythagoras Theorem

Area: Shape, Position
and Space] 1.2 Calculate sides and angles of a right-angled triangle using
sine, cosine and tangent ratios
1.3 Solve simple problems involving angles of depression and

elevation (from right angled-triangles
2. Vectors [Topic Areas: 2.1 Calculate the magnitude/ length of a vector and use the
Algebra and Shape, notation a to represent vector magnitude or length of vector
Position and Space]
2.2 Use the sum and difference of two vectors to express given
vectors in terms of two coplanar vectors
2.3 Identify parallel vectors as those that are scalar multiples of

each other
2.4 Simplify vector expressions

2.5
3. Algebraic 3.1 Change the subject of simple formulae

representation and 3.2 Simplify algebraic fractions of the form k1

k 2 where k1, k2,
formulae [Topic Area: xa xb
Algebra] a and b are integers
3.3 Expand algebraic expressions of the form ( x  a)( x  b)
3.4 Factorise quadratic expressions of the form ax 2  bx  c where a
=1
25
TOPIC OBJECTIVES
4. Coordinates, graphs, 4.1 Use the words domain and range interchangeably with input and
relations and function output respectively
notation [Topic Area:
Algebra] 4.2 Use basic function language for linear functions e.g. f(x) = x + 3
and f: x x + 3
4.3 Evaluate a linear function by substituting for a given value of the

domain
4.4 Relate the equivalences of f(x) and y = …. And hence use them
interchangeably
4.5 Construct tables of value and draw and recognise graphs for
Functions of the form ax + b and ax 2  bx  c
4.6 Relate a quadratic mapping to a function using y = and f(x) = …
notation
4. 7 Solve equations approximately by

graphical methods
5. Solution of equations 5.1 Solve fractional equations with numerical denominators

and inequalities [Topic
Area: Algebra] 5.2 Solve fractional equations with two term denominators
5.3 Solve simple linear inequalities including fractional inequalities

with numerical denominators
5.4 Solve simultaneous linear equation in two unknowns by:

(i) the method of substitution,
(ii) the method of elimination/addition,
(iii) graphical method.
6. Matrices [Topic Areas: 6.1 Perform multiplication on matrices of any order (where
Algebra, Number, Data appropriate)
Handling and Shape,
Position and Space] 6.2 Use equality of matrices in simple matrix equations.
6.3 Use the algebra of 2 x 2 matrices including the zero and identity
matrices
7. Statistics [Topic Area: 7.1 Construct a cumulative table for ungrouped data
Data Handling]
7.2 Draw cumulative frequency diagrams
7.3 Find median from cumulative curve
26
TOPIC OBJECTIVES
8. Probability [Topic 8.1 Explain the terms and phrases used in probability
Area: Data Handling]
8.2 Calculate the probability of a single event as either a fraction or
a decimal (not a ratio)
8.3 Understand and use probability scale from 0 to 1
8.4 Understand that the probability of an event occurring is 1 –

(minus) the probability of an event not occurring
8.5 Find probabilities of two combined events using possibility space

diagrams:
(i) outcomes represented by points on a grid
(ii) outcomes represented on a tree diagram
27
Grade Descriptions
The scheme of assessment is intended to encourage positive achievement by all candidates. Grade
descriptions are provided to give a general indication of the standards of achievement likely to have been shown
by candidates awarded particular grades. The grade awarded will depend on the extent to which the candidate
has met the assessment objectives overall.
Criteria for the standard of achievement likely to have been shown by candidates awarded Grades A and C is
shown below.
A Grade A candidate should be able to:
1 Solve simple problems involving angles of elevation and depression

2 Simplify vector expressions
3 Change the subject of formulae
4 Construct tables, draw and recognize graphs of functions of the form ax  b, ax 2  bx  c where a , b
and c are integers
5 Solve equations by graphical methods
6 Perform matrix multiplication where possible
7 Use the algebra of 2x 2 matrices including the zero and identity matrices
8 Draw cumulative frequency diagrams
9 Show an understanding that the probability of an event occurring = 1 minus the probability of an event
not occurring
10 Find probabilities of two combined events using possibility space diagrams and tree diagrams
11 Solve fractional equations with a two- term denominator
A Grade C candidate should be able to:
1 Apply Pythagoras Theorem

2 Calculate the magnitude / length of a vector
3 Use the sum and difference of two vectors to express a vector in terms of two coplanar vectors
4 Solve simultaneous linear equations using a suitable method
5 Identify parallel vectors
6 Use basic function language for linear functions
7 Evaluate a linear function for a specified domain
8 Find the equation of a straight line and identify the gradient and y- intercept of the line in the form
y  mx  c
9 Relate a quadratic mapping to a function using y  ..... and f ( x)  ... notation
10 Solve fractional equations and inequalities with numerical denominators
11 Use equality of matrices in simple matrix equations
12 Construct a cumulative frequency table for ungrouped data
13 Find median from a cumulative frequency curve
14 Calculate the probabilities of a single event
15 Show understanding that probability ranges from 0 to 1
16 Calculate sides and angles of a right triangle using sine, cosine and tangent ratios
17 Use the words domain and range interchangeably with input and output respectively
18 Solve simple linear equations
19 Explain the terms used in probability
28
Copyright
The content of this syllabus is owned by the Examinations Council of Swaziland (ECOS).
Re-publication, alteration, transmission, resale or redistribution in any form or by any means is expressly
prohibited without prior written consent of ECOS.
Examinations Council of Swaziland

PO Box 1394
Mbabane
Tel: 416 2865/9
Fax: 416 2862
www.examscouncil.org.sz
29

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JC MATHEMATICS (309) and ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (509) Syllabuses

November 2018 - 2020 Examinations

The main sections of the syllabus are:

The aims are to enable students to:

There is a single Assessment Objective in Mathematics

TECHNIQUE WITH APPLICATION

1. organise, interpret and present information accurately in written, tabular, graphical

Statistics and Probability

Shape, Position and Space

Objective Number Short-answer Structured/longer Paper 1 Paper 2

The purpose of assessment in Mathematics is two-fold:

Paper 2 (2 hours and 30 minutes)

6. Ordinary Mathematics Curriculum Content

Paper Number Shape Algebra Data Handling

1 30% 35% 25% 10%

2 20% 35% 30% 15%

All learners should be able to:

1.4 List directed numbers.

1.6 Find missing numbers in a sequence of:

1.7 Find rules for number patterns

1.9 Describe and use set symbols:

All learners should be able to:

2. Place Value, Estimation 2.1 Determine place value of digits

2.3 Estimate quantities (length, volume, capacity, area population etc)

2.3 Approximate to a number of significant figures and decimal places and

2.5 Approximate numbers to a given place value and/or decimal place.

population, time, distance, speed, etc.

All learners should be able to:

3.3 Convert fractions to:

3.4 Add and subtract decimals.

3.5 Divide and multiply decimals by powers of 10

3.6 Write fractions in order of size

3.7 Multiply and divide decimals by

(ii) decimals and vice-versa.

3.8 Multiply and divide fractions by:

3.9 Simplify numerical expressions involving mixed operations

3.10 Use correct order of operations and brackets

3.11 Convert fractions and decimals into percentages.

3.12 Convert percentages into fractions and decimals.

3.14 Use the four operations on directed numbers

3.15 Apply appropriate checks of accuracy

3.16 order quantities and numbers by magnitude and demonstrate

All learners should be able to:

4.1 Calculate a percentage of a given value or constant

All learners should be able to:

5.1 Use given data to solve problems on simple interest

6.1 Demonstrate understanding of the elementary ideas of and notation of

6.3 Use scale in practical situations

All learners should be able to:

All learners should be able to:

8. Standard Form [Topic 8.1 Express numbers in standard form

8.2 Use numbers in standard form

All learners should be able to:

9. Properties of Shapes 9.1 Use and interpret vocabulary of n-sided

9.3 Identify and draw nets of different solids

9.4 Use the following geometric properties

9.5 Recognise rotational and line symmetry including order of rotational

All learners should be able to:

10.3 Measure length of lines and size of angles