The project is based on the 3D design and Drafting of

the Tailstock of a Lathe Machine. The environment

used for this project is AutoCAD.

The first phase of the project begins with the design of

the Tailstock 3D model. The second phase includes the
drafting.

The assembly of the Tailstock consists of 19 parts. All

the parts has been designed and built completely on
the AutoCAD.

The design plan has been taken from the book

Machine Drawing.

It was a great experience working on such a complex

project. I learnt a lot from this exciting project.

AUTOCAD
PROJECT
TAILSTOCK
(LATHEMACHINE)

Rishav Rakesh (BATCH-B)

NITTE MEENAKSHI INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
USN- 1NT19AE041
 PREFACE

Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) is a combination

of two terms CAD and CAM to describe the software that is used to design and
manufacture prototypes, finished products, and product runs. It offers design
through manufacturing and is most often used with a computer numerical control
(CNC) machine, which is a motorized, maneuverable tool and platform that is
controlled by a computer according to specific instructions. To better understand
CAD/CAM, a breakdown of the individual terms is below.

CAD is a software tool used by engineers, architects, designers, and drafters to

create digital 2D and 3D drawings to design a variety of items and spaces. Computer
models are created and defined by geometrical patterns. CAD allows designers to
test the objects by simulating real-world conditions. It can design anything from a
simple shampoo bottle to a complex jet plane. The purpose of CAD is making 2D
technical drawings and 3D models. So in Simple we can say CAD represents your
part geometry to the computer. Computer Aided Design (CAD) software is mostly
used by an engineer.

Examples of CAD software includes AutoCAD, Autodesk Inventor, CATIA, Solid

Works etc.

CAM uses geometrical design data to control automated machinery. These systems

are associated with CNC or direct numerical control (DNC) systems, in which both
can mechanically encode geometric data. The main purpose of CAM is to create a
faster production process and allow components and tools to have precise
dimensions and material consistency.When CAD and CAM are combined, a CNC
machine can translate CAD to manufacture workpieces with CAM. The purpose of
CAM is using 3D models to design machining processes. So in Simple we can say
CAM converts the geometry to machine tool. So, without Computer Aided Design
(CAD), Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) has no meaning. Computer Aided
Manufacturing (CAM) software is mostly used by a trained machinist.

Examples of CAM software includes Work NC, Siemens NX, Power MILL, SolidCAM
etc.
 INDEX

SR CONTENT PG NO.
NO.

1 Acknowledgement 4

2 Project Overview 5

3 Lathe Machine 6

4 Parts Of Lathe Machine 7-13

5 Operations 14-16

6 Specifications 17
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Behind every achievement there are people who

inspire us to do it. To them we take the opportunity to
lay the words of gratitude imprinted not just on the
paper but deep in our heart.
I express my deepest thanks to our educator ASHWIN
Sir for the complete guidance for the project.
Your valuable guidance and suggestions helped me
in various phases of the completion of this project. I
will always be thankful to you in this regard.
I am ensuring that this project was done by me and
not copied from anywhere.
 PROJECT OVERVIEW

The project is based on the 3D design and Drafting of the

Tailstock of a Lathe Machine. The environment used for this
project is AutoCAD.
The first phase of the project begins with the design of the
Tailstock 3D model. The second phase includes the drafting.
The assembly of the Tailstock consists of 19 parts. All the
parts has been designed and built completely on the AutoCAD.
The design plan has been taken from the book Machine
Drawing.
It was a great experience working on such a complex project. I
learnt a lot from this exciting project.
 LATHE MACHINE

• A lathe machine is a machine tool that removes the

undesired material from a rotating workpiece in the
form of chips with the help of a tool that is
traversed across the work and can be feed deep
into the work. It one of the most
versatile and widely used machine tools all over the
world. This is also known as the ‘Mother of all
Machines’.

• Nowadays, Lathe Machine has become a general-

purpose machine tool, employed in production and
repair work, because it permits a large variety of
operations to be performed on it. There are
several components of a lathe, later on, I discuss
the most important Parts of the Lathe with their
function. It is also known as the father of all
standard machine tools.

• The function of Lathe is to remove the metal in the

form of chips from a piece of work by mounting the
same rigidly on a machine spindle and revolving at
the required speed and the cutting tool is fed
against the work either longitudinally or crosswise
to make the work to the required shape and size.
 LATHE MACHINE PARTS

The Lathe Machine consists of following Main Parts:

• Beds
• Headstock
• Tail stock
• Carriage
• Saddle
• Cross Slide
• Compound rest
• Tool Post
• Apron
• Feed Rod
• Chuck
• Lead Screw
• Spindle
 BEDS:
The bed of the lathe machine is the base on which
all the other parts of the lathe are mounted. The bed
is made from Cast iron or nickel cast iron alloy and
is supported on broad box-section columns.Its
upper surface is either scraped or grounded and the
guiding and the sliding surfaces are provided.The
bed consists of heavy metal slides running
lengthwise, with ways or v’s forced upon them. It is
rigidly supported by cross griths. The three major
units mounted on a bed are:
 Headstock.
 Tailstock.
 Carriage.
 The scrapped or the ground guiding along with the
sliding surfaces on the lathe bed ensure the
accuracy of the alignment of these three units.

 HEADSTOCK:
The headstock is present on the left end of the bed.
The main function of the headstock is to transmit
power to the different parts of the lathe. It supports
the main spindle in the bearing and aligns it
properly. It also houses a necessary transmission
mechanism with speed changing levers to obtain

`
 different speeds. Accessories mounted on the
headstock spindle are:
 Three jaw chuck.
 Four jaw chuck.
 Lathe center and lathe dog.
 Collet chuck.
 Face Plate.
 Magnetic chuck.

 TAILSTOCK:
 The tailstock is a movable casting located opposite to
the headstock on the way of the bed. The basic function
of the tailstock is:
 To support the other end of the work when being
machined.
 To hold a tool for performing operations like drilling,
reaming, tapping, etc.
 It consists of the dead centers, the adjusting screws, and
the handwheel. The body of the tailstock is adjustable
on the base which is mounted on the guideways of the
bed and can be moved.

 CARRIAGE:

`
  Carriage is located between headstock and
tailstock. The basic function of the carriage is to
support, guide, and feed the tool against the job
during operation.
 It consists of 5 main parts:
 Saddle
 Cross Slide
 Compound rest
 Tool Post
 Apron

 SADDLE:
It is an H-shaped casting mounted on the top of the
lathe ways. It provides support to cross-slide, compound
rest, and tool post.

 CROSS SLIDE:
Cross slide is provided with a female dovetail on one
side and assembled on the top of the saddle with its
male dovetail.The top surface of the cross slide is
provided with T slots to enable fixing of rear tool post
or coolant attachment. Carriage basically provides a

`
mounted or automatic cross-movement for the
cutting tool.

 COMPOUND REST:
Compound rest is present on the top of the cross
slide. It supports the tool post and cutting tool in its
various positions. Compound rest is necessary for
turning angles and boring short tapers and forms
on forming tools.

 TOOL POST:

The tool post is mounted on the compound rest. It

is used to hold various cutting tool holders. The
holders rest on a wedge which is shaped on the
bottom to fit into a concave-shaped ring (segmental
type),
 Which permits the height of the cutting edge to be
adjusted by tilting the tool. It is fixed on the top
slide. It gets its movement by the movement of the
saddle, cross slide, and top slide.
 The three types of tool post  which are commonly
used are:

`
 Ring and rocker tool post: It consists of a circular
tool post with a slot for accommodating the tool or
tool holder.
 Quick change tool post
 Squarehead tool post.   
  APRON:
The Apron is fastened to the saddle and hangs over
the front of the bed. Apron consists of the gears
and clutches for transmitting motion from the feed
rod to the carriage, and the split nut which engages
with the lead screw during cutting threads.
 Two types of Apron are extensively used:
 Incorporating drop worm mechanism.
 Friction or dog clutches.

 CHUCK:
 Chuck is basically used to hold the workpiece,
particularly of short length and large diameter or of
irregular shape which can’t be conveniently
mounted between centers. It can be attached to the
lathe by screwing on the spindle nose.
 Four different types of chucks are most commonly
used in Lathe:
 Independent or four-jaw chuck
 Three jaw or universal chuck
 Collect chuck and
 Magnetic Chuck
Independent or four-jaw chuck:

`
 It is used for irregular shapes, rough castings of
square or octagonal in such jobs, where a hole is to
be positioned off the center. It consists of four jaws
and each jaw is independently actuated and
adjusted by a key for holding the job.

 FEED ROD:
Feed rod is a power transmission mechanism used
for precise linear movement of the carriage along
the longitudinal axis of the lathe. In some lathe
machines instead of feed rod lead screws are used.

 LEAD SCREW:
 The lead screw is used mostly in the case when the
threading operation is to be performed on a lathe.
As we know for threading operation require
 So rotation of the job is obtained by the chuck and
the desired linear motion of the tool-post (as the
lead screw drives the saddle when it is engaged) is
provided with the help of a lead screw.es rotational
movement of the job (workpiece) and the linear
movement of the tool (tool post).

`
 OPERATIONS

 FACING:
Facing operation in the lathe: Facing operation is
for making the ends of the job to produce a smooth
flat surface with the axis of operation or a certain
length of a job. In this operation, 1. Hold the job on
Head-stock spindle using Three or four-jaw chuck.
2. Start the machine on desire RPM to rotate the
job. 3. Give a desirable feed on the perpendicular
direction of the axis of the job.

 TURNING:
The operation by which we remove the excess
material from the workpiece to produce a cone-
shaped or a cylindrical surface. There are several
types of turning operations, those are:
1. Straight turning
2. Shoulder turning
3. Rough turning
4. Finish turning
5. Taper turning
6. Eccentric turning.

`
 KNURLING:
It is the process of producing a rough surface on
the workpiece to provide effective gripping. Knurling
tool is held rigidly on the tool post and pressed
against the rotating job so that leaving the exact
facsimile of the tool on the surface of the job. It is
the operation which is used to produce a helical
groove on a cylindrical or conical surface by feeding
the tool longitudinally when the job revolved
between the two centers.

 DRILLING & BORING:

Drilling is an operation by which we can make holes

on a job. In this operation, the job is rotated at the
turning speed on the lathe axis and the drilling tool
fitted on the tail-stock spindle. And the tail-stock is
moved towards In this operation, we can enlarge
the diameter of the existing hole on a job by turning
inside with some farm tool known as a boring tool.
The boring tool is also fitted on tail-stock. The job
by hand feed.

 REAMING & SPINNING:

Reaming is the operation for sizing or finishing a

drilled hole to the required size by a tool called
reamer. This tool is fitted on tail-stock. In this

`
 operation, the job of this sheet metal is held
between the former and the tail-stock center rotates
at high speed with the former. the long round nose
forming tool rigidly fixed on special tool post
presses the job on the periphery of the former. So
the job is taken exactly the shape of the former.
This is a chipless machining process.

 TAPPING & PARTING -OFF:

We use this operation for creating internal threads
within a hole by means of a tool called tap. Three
taps are generally used in an internal thread. 1.
Taper Tap 2. Second Tap 3. Plug Tap It is the
operation of cutting off a bar type job after
complete the machining process. In this operation a
bar type job is held on a chuck, rotates at turning
speed, a parting off tool is fed into the job slowly
until the tool reaches the center of the job.

`
SPECIFICATION

A Lathe is generally specified by:

1. Swing- the largest work diameter that can be swung
for the lathe bed.
2. The distance between headstock and tailstock center
3. Length of the bed in meter
4. The pitch of the lead screw
5. Horsepower of the machine
6. Speed range and number of speeds of HS spindle
7. The weight of the machine in tons.

THANKYOU