Paragraph A discusses that vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the liver and fatty tissue. It is needed to maintain normal levels of phosphorus and calcium in the blood and helps absorb calcium from diet.
Paragraph B links vitamin D deficiency specifically to bone disease in children (rickets) and adults (osteomalacia).
Paragraph C describes rickets in infants as having symptoms like bone pain, teeth issues, growth issues, and fractures. Treatment focuses on administering vitamin D.
Paragraph D explains that osteomalacia in adults causes muscle and bone weakness but not growth problems. Weak bones can cause pain and aches.
Paragraph E lists sources of vitamin D as
Paragraph A discusses that vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the liver and fatty tissue. It is needed to maintain normal levels of phosphorus and calcium in the blood and helps absorb calcium from diet.
Paragraph B links vitamin D deficiency specifically to bone disease in children (rickets) and adults (osteomalacia).
Paragraph C describes rickets in infants as having symptoms like bone pain, teeth issues, growth issues, and fractures. Treatment focuses on administering vitamin D.
Paragraph D explains that osteomalacia in adults causes muscle and bone weakness but not growth problems. Weak bones can cause pain and aches.
Paragraph E lists sources of vitamin D as
Paragraph A discusses that vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the liver and fatty tissue. It is needed to maintain normal levels of phosphorus and calcium in the blood and helps absorb calcium from diet.
Paragraph B links vitamin D deficiency specifically to bone disease in children (rickets) and adults (osteomalacia).
Paragraph C describes rickets in infants as having symptoms like bone pain, teeth issues, growth issues, and fractures. Treatment focuses on administering vitamin D.
Paragraph D explains that osteomalacia in adults causes muscle and bone weakness but not growth problems. Weak bones can cause pain and aches.
Paragraph E lists sources of vitamin D as
Paragraph A discusses that vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the liver and fatty tissue. It is needed to maintain normal levels of phosphorus and calcium in the blood and helps absorb calcium from diet.
Paragraph B links vitamin D deficiency specifically to bone disease in children (rickets) and adults (osteomalacia).
Paragraph C describes rickets in infants as having symptoms like bone pain, teeth issues, growth issues, and fractures. Treatment focuses on administering vitamin D.
Paragraph D explains that osteomalacia in adults causes muscle and bone weakness but not growth problems. Weak bones can cause pain and aches.
Paragraph E lists sources of vitamin D as
A Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that the body is able to store in large amounts.
Most often vitamin D
is stored in the liver and in the fatty tissue. The body needs vitamin D to maintain normal blood levels of phosphorus and calcium - two main minerals involved in the formation of bone. Vitamin D facilitates the absorption of calcium from the diet. It may also be useful in preventing osteoporosis, high blood pressure and cancer.
B Vitamin D deficiency specifically has been linked to bone disease. In children vitamin D deficiency is called rickets and in adults it is called osteomalacia. In either case, low vitamin D has numerous detrimental effects on the body.
C Infants who suffer from severe vitamin D deficiency develop a condition called rickets. Often infants who only take in breast milk, darker-skinned babies and children with parents with vitamin D deficiency are at a greater risk for rickets. Symptoms include bone pain or tenderness, teeth deformities and cavities, growth retardation, frequent bone fractures, short stature, bowlegs, spine deformities and bumps in the chest and breastbone. Treatment for rickets focuses on administering vitamin D in order to normalize the child's vitamin D levels. Braces and support can help prevent skeletal deformities, but some of the permanent defects may require corrective surgery.
D In adults, vitamin D deficiency, or osteomalacia, often causes muscle and bone weakness. Adults are done growing by the time osteomalacia begins so they rarely develop skeletal deformities or growth problems. However, osteomalacia is correlated with a decrease in skeletal structural integrity. These bones are weaker than normal bones and therefore the patient may experience aches and pains especially in the joints. Osteomalacia can also cause muscles pain and weakness. The diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency is sometimes difficult, but once the diagnosis is made treatment with vitamin D supplementation usually reverses the symptoms.
E The main way to satisfy your Vitamin D requirement comes from exposure to sunlight. Your skin is able to synthesize vitamin D when exposed to adequate amounts of sunlight. Furthermore, vitamin D is found in foods such as salmon, mackerel and herring. Fish oil, also contains vitamin D. In the United States, some forms of milk, juice, breads, yogurts and cheesed are fortified with vitamin D. There are also dietary supplements and pharmaceutical preparations that contain vitamin D. These man-made forms of vitamin D are usually given to patients suffering from or at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency.
Questions 1-5 The Reading Passage has five paragraphs, A-E. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Type the correct number, i–viii, in blanks 1–5. List of Headings i. Causes of osteomalacia ii. Sources of vitamin D iii. Low level of vitamin D in children: symptoms & cure iv. Lack of vitamin D and its risks v. How to take vitamin D supplements vi. Essential vitamins for your body vii. Fundamental roles of vitamin D viii. Adverse effects of lacking vitamin D on mature people 1. Paragraph A 2. Paragraph B 3. Paragraph C 4. Paragraph D 5. Paragraph E
Questions 6-10 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage? In blanks 6–10, type TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
6. Babies whose parents suffer from Vitamin D deficiency are more likely to develop rickets.
7. Children with rickets need corrective surgery as soon as possible.
8. Adults who have a low level of Vitamin D often develop skeletal deformities.
9. Vitamin D is chiefly produced in the skin by exposure to sunlight.
10. Most foods contain very little amount of vitamin D.
