E-BUSINESS

AS DBM
PERTEMUAN KE-4
 E-BUSINESS?
- IBM (2003) defines eBusiness in terms of benefits that can be achieved by putting
key processes online. In their view the key to becoming an eBusiness is putting ‘all
core business processes (especially all processes that require a dynamic and
interactive flow of information)’ online ‘to improve service, cut costs and sell
products’.
- eBusiness is ‘the application of information technology to facilitate buying and
selling of products, services and information over standard-based networks’ (Fatt
2002).
- E-business is application of digital technology particularly internet technologies to
improve organization’s competitiveness through continuous optimization (Chaffey,
2015; Turban et al., 2012, Strauss and Frost, 2014).

E-BUSINESS
E-Business
Economics of Network economies
exchanging info of scale
01 The cost of sending additional units
of information via the internet is
03 The network effects are stronger in the
internet economy. There are opportunities
practically zero and the reach is for achieving a critical mass of customers
by accessing a wider customer base
global.
electronically at low cost

Connectivity & Speed of

02 Interactivity
Connectivity extends the reach of
electronic communication and interactivity
04 change
The internet has speeded up the
transactions process and raised
allows two-way communication in real- expectations of customers. Firms need to
time among parties to electronic readjust their lead times, response times
communication. and distribution and delivery times in
order to meet the exacting demands
E-Business
Prosumption Industrial
Context
05 07
The internet can be used as a means of
communicating with customers and
In the internet economy value generated in e-
enriching the relationship between buyer
business communities transcends industrial sectors.
and seller. This can lead to customising
E-business models adopted by companies are
or personalising products or services to
designed to exploit the advantages that using the
match the requirements of individual
internet can bring.
customers.

Economics of Merchandise
Abundance Exchange
06 As noted previously, information can be
reproduced and distributed at near zero
marginal cost. This creates an abundance of
08 The internet provides a mechanism for displaying a
huge array of products and services without having to
incur the costs of display that traditional stores incur.
information where the value can actually
Search facilities can channel consumers to the exact
decline. These are termed ‘diseconomies of
scale’ and can occur when the consumer types of products and services they are interested in
becomes so overwhelmed by the sheer and the website can offer additional services such as
volume of information available that the discount facilities, links to complementary products,
search costs of finding the information they product reviews, transactions, payments and delivery
want increase.
What make Alibaba more
than just
There are three types of channels through
which e-business activity takes place.
These are communications, transactions
and distribution channels.
The E-Marketplace
- Electronic marketplaces (e-marketplaces) are electronic exchanges where firms can register as buyers or
sellers and undertake business activities using the internet. Typically, e-marketplaces attract firms from each
element of an industry supply chain to enhance the efficiency of communications and to undertake
transactions.
- There are many different types of e-marketplaces and each one operates a business model that suits the
aims and objectives of the proprietor. Some may be set up as a business offering with an intermediary
providing an added-value service such as payment systems. Others may operate on a cost-recovery basis
by an industry third-party (industry associations are an example of this).

There are two main types of E-marketplaces:

- Public exchanges: independently-operated B2B trading platforms for facilitating online
transactions between trading partners. These are open to any business or group of businesses.
- Private exchanges: an exchange owned and operated by a single firm to link its trading system
directly to that of its suppliers. In a sell-side e-marketplace, a company, will sell either standard or
customized products to individuals (B2C) or to businesses (B2B); this type of selling is considered to
be one-to-many.
E-Business Model relating by
its Market

● Business-to-Consumer (B2C): e-shops, e-malls, e-auctions,

buyer aggregators, infomediaries, classifieds, portaling,
manufacturer model, subscription;
● Business-to-Business (B2B): e-auctions, infomediaries, e-
procurement, e-distribution, portaling, e-marketing, trading
communities, third-party marketplaces, collaboration platforms,
value chain integrators, value chain service providers, affiliates;
● Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C): e-auctions, virtual communities.
 More explanations on it…

E-Auction Infomediaries
Electronic auctions provide a channel of Infomediaries specialise in gathering valuable
communication through which the bidding process for information about customers and selling it on to third
products and services can take place between parties. These third parties analyse the data and use it
competing buyers. E-businesses gain income from the
to support marketing campaigns. The simplest form of
technology platform that facilitates the bidding process,
gathering data is through requiring users to register for
from a percentage of the transaction fees and from
advertising
access to free-to-view content sites.
on the website.

E-Procurement Value Chain Integrators

The internet provides the mechanism for businesses to procure the raw Value chain integrators improve the efficiency and quality of
materials they need to create outputs and to help run their businesses information flows between the elements that comprise a value chain.
efficiently. E-procurement is the management of all procurement activities via Microsoft (www.microsoft.com) is a value chain integrator through its
electronic means. Business models based on e-procurement seek efficiency in initiative Microsoft Insurance Value Chain. This value chain integrator
accessing information on suppliers, availability, price, quality and delivery times service is aimed at the insurance industry and comprises many
as well as cost savings by collaborating with partners to pool their buying power partners including hardware firms such as EDS and HP as well as
and secure best value deals. E-procurement infomediaries specialise in independent solutions vendors. These companies use Microsoft
providing up-to-date and real-time information on all aspects of the supply of products and services to develop and deliver integrated solutions for
materials to businesses. the insurance industry that can increase efficiency and quality of
service.
 Characteristics of E-Business

Ubiquity Service Availability

E-business can not be stopped by
physical space people having an
01 02 In e-business/commerce the service is
available 24 hours and 7 days a week
internet connection can easily reach and it never stops. It is not like
the company’s websites and online traditional commerce where the
stores from any corner of the world. stores or shops are only open for a
limited time.

Easy to Set up Global Reach

E-business is easy to set up – to
start an e-business there is no
03 04 The reach of technology is
boundary-less, and it reaches across
need for physical space you just national boundaries around the
need a laptop or smartphone and globe. A firm launching its e-
an internet connection. commerce website can easily be
accessible to the rest of the world’s
characteristics customers.
 Characteristics of E-Business

Richness Information Density

E-business has richness over traditional
commerce. The e-business 05 06 E-business and e-commerce reduce
information cost and raises the
communication channels are very rich. quality of information. Customers
The content of messages provided by e- and other stakeholders can easily get
business such as text, video, photo,
product information through
messaging, sounds, links, etc.
websites, blogs, journals, and reviews,
and they can easily compare which is
better.

Personalization No need to meet

E-business and e-commerce
promote personalization. They 07 08 In e-business buyers and sellers just
make contacts through electronic
provide marketing messages to means they physically do not meet
each customer differently based each other as happens in physical
on his or her past activities, name, business. They interact over the
interests, and purchase records. internet, make buying and selling
characteristics orders, and the products are delivered
through different delivery channels.
 Characteristics of E-Business
Inventory
Management Delivery takes times
E-business increases companies’
productivity through inventory
09 11 In the e-business/commerce
realm the delivery of ordered
management. The required information
about sales reports, customer details, products takes time. It can be a
purchase details, and other transaction couple of minutes, hours, or days.
reports are readily available when needed.
It is not like traditional commerce
where instant delivery is possible
when payment is made. Here,
Non-cash Payment customers have to wait for the

In e-business/commerce the
payments are made using
10 delivery of their products up to
the prescribed time.

debit cards, credit cards, digital

wallets, and through different
online payment mechanisms.
characteristics
 What’s need to be achieved?

Economic Viability
Firms must set performance targets and evaluate the effectiveness
of the e-business model to determine whether changes are
necessary or if the model has to be completely reworked or
abandoned. The e-business has to be economically viable. A good e-
business model can gain a firm the goodwill of financial backers but
all investors or venture capitalists will seek a return on their
investment sooner or later. Amazon.com took many years to register
a profit but retained the confidence of financial backers because of
the potential for profit that the e-business model could generate. Not
all firms benefit from such goodwill and most have to show returns
on investment quickly. Decisions on the viability of the venture
usually hinge on the performance indicators. There are a number of
factors that can determine the economic viability of an e-business
model.
 Three Factor to Achieve
Economic Viability

Achieving Critical Mass Continuing to Innovate

and add values Design for Flexibility
of Customers
The most important factor that The e-business model must be able to The e-business model must be able to be
determines the viability of an e-business continue to add value to customers by adapted to suit related and unrelated
model is the number of customers that innovation and creativity. This may involve business opportunities. The e-business
the marketing and promotion of the must be able to gain revenue from
the value proposition attracts and who
products or services, the types of discounts providing value across many different and
return for repeat business. Successful e-
and incentives that can be offered, tie-ins disparate markets. For some firms it is
business models exploit network effects with other products and services, access to important to design an e-business model
and combine various value adding further sources of information, access to that can be integrated with other business
characteristics of the internet. Many virtual communities of buyers, interactivity, models so that alignment of all business
online customers prefer to have a one- customisation and so on. These benefits components can be achieved. Economies
stop-shop for their buying needs. Online create switching costs for customers and of scope can be gained through the
customers also perceive value in can help to build a level of brand loyalty synergy of product and service offerings.
shopping with a well-known and trusted that underpins attaining a critical mass of Where customers seek value from one-
customers. stop-shopping online then firms can
vendor.
integrate business models to take
advantage of cross-selling opportunities.
THANK YOU!
Any question?