MCQS IN PHARMACEUTICS

1-drug stored in the body in

a- fat
b- protein
c- connective tissue
d- muscle
e- A&B
2- A patient purchasing sublingual nitroglycerin tablets should be told to store the medication:
a. in the refrigerator.
b. in a plastic vial with a childproof cap.
c. with the original cotton.
d. in an amber glass bottle with a metal cap.
e. in a warm, dry place
3-Adsorption , which is not true:
a) Chemical property
b) Physical property
c) Reversible
d) Irreversible
e) A + d
4- Stability of the pharmacetical products is affected by the following factors except:
a- Temperature and humidity
b- B- Composition of the drug product
c- Dosage form and the packaging material
d- Dose strength and paksize
5-Solid dosage forms are better than Solution dosage form because:
a- Accurate dose
b- Easy to handle
c- More stable
d- Faster action
e- a&b and c
6-Hypertonic solutions can be adjusted by:
a-Add Nacl salt to solution
b-add any other salt
c-Make dilution by add more solvent
d-This solution cannot be adjusted
e-none of the above
7- The following liquids are least likely to be miscible:
A. polar + polar
B. non-polar + polar
C. non-polar + non-polar
D. all of the above will be miscible
E. Band C
8-At 25° C, benzoic acid is much more soluble in benzene (C6H6) than it is in water. In this
situation benzoic acid could be considered to be:
A. Hydrophilic
B. Colloidal
C. Non-polar
D. Polar
E. Both A and D

9-drugs have different crystal structures so different in

a-polymorphism
b-solubility
c-crystalitis
d-drug form
10-protect from light" in usp means:
a- air tight container
b- plastic container
c- Light resistant container
d- Amber glass
e- Amber plastic
11- suspension eye drop differ than ophthalmic solution in:
a-less commonly used
c- decrease contact time of drug with eye
c- used for insoluble drugs
d- a&c
12 -enzyme kinetics law
A - Michaelis–Menten law.
B -henry s law.
C -franks law.
D - Henderson hassel bach law.
E - b&c
13-most described dosage solid form:
powder , tablet , soft capsule , hard capsule , both types of capsule
14 -The following properties are similar for both solutions and suspensions:
A. The components of both solutions and suspensions can be separated from each
other by physical processes. .
B. Solutions and suspensions are composed of two or more components.
C. Solute in the solutions and suspensions settle out over a period of time.
D. Both A and B
E. Both Band C
15-Controled released drug delivery depends on :
a- Body fluid interaction
b- Enzymatic reactions
c- Ready programmed&no influece of the body fluid
d- Stomach PH
16- Patient medication records should include all EXCEPT:
A medication allergies
B diagnosis
C current medication therapy
D pets kept at home
E age
17- What is the most appropriate treatment that could be dispensed over-the-counter for irritation
caused by contact dermatitis?
A -Eurax cream
B Canesten HC cream
C Hydrocortisone cream
D Clarityn tablets
E Pevaryl cream
18- When dispensing acarbose, the patient should be advised:
A- to take tablets in the morning
B- to avoid direct sunlight
C- that flatulence and diarrhoea may occur
19-A patient asks for an over-the-counter cold remedy. The pharmacist could appropriately suggest:
A Otrivine drops
B Beecham’s Hot Lemon and Honey powders
C Atarax tablets
D Actifed Compound Linctus
E Karvol inhalation capsules
20- The refrigerator in the pharmacy that is used for storage of pharmaceutical products should be kept
at a temperature of:
A 0–3˚C
B 2–8˚C
C 5–10˚C
D 6–12˚C
E 3–8˚C
21-A woman comes to the pharmacy with severe sunburn. Which of the following should be advised?
A-apply a soothing antiseptic cream
B- drink plenty of water
C- apply local anaesthetic
22-The usual expiration date that should be placed on a cream prepared in a pharmacy is:
A 1 week
B 2 weeks
C 4 weeks
D 8 weeks
E 12 weeks
23- A patient is administered 500 mL normal saline over 4 hours using 10 drops/mL infusion set. The
infusion rate in drops/minute is:
A2
B5
C 10
D 13
E 21
The infusion is delivering 500 mL in 240 minutes (60 minutes4 hours) and1 mL is delivered in 0.48 minute
(240/500). Since the infusion set delivers 10drops/mL, 10 drops are delivered in 0.48 minute and 21 drops are
delivered per minute (10/0.48)
24- Constituents of oral rehydration salts include all EXCEPT:
A sodium chloride
B glucose
C potassium chloride
D sodium citrate
E magnesium hydroxide
25- A patient information leaflet:
A- is addressed to the prescriber
B- is only available for medicines presented in bulk dispensing packs
C- usually includes the recommended International Non-propri-etary Name (rINN) of the drug
26-The maximum volume that should be given as a single intramuscular injection at one site is:
A 20 mL
B 0.1 mL
C 1.0 mL
D 5mL
E 2mL
27- Non-pharmacological methods that lower blood pressure includes all EXCEPT:
A decreasing alcohol consumption
B relaxation techniques
C regular exercise
D stopping smoking
E taking small, frequent meals
28- A 1% w/v solution of a local anaesthetic contains:
A 1 mg in 100 mL
B 1 g in 100 mL
C 10 mg in 1 mL
D 1 g in 1 mL
E 100 mg in 100 mL
29-Which is disadvantage relating to oral drug administration?
A- Least economical
B- Drug taken orally may cause emesis
C- Drug taken orally may be destroyed by gastric acidity
D- Drug taken orally may be metabolized by GIT flora
E- Drug taken orally may be inconsistenly absorbed due to the presence of food
F- All above
30-Constituents of calamine lotion BP include calamine and:
A aluminium oxide
B sodium chloride
C zinc oxide
D magnesium hydroxide
E calcium carbonate
31-Drugs least likely to penetrate across membranes?
A_ Protein bound drugs
B-Charged drugs
C- Neutral drugs
32- When advising a patient on the correct use of eye drops, which one of the following statements is
incorrect?
A tilt your head back and pull down the lower lid of your eye with the index finger
B hold the tip of the dropper against the lower lid
C gently squeeze the dropper so that the correct number of drops are released
D close the eye for 2–3 minutes and wipe any excess liquid from your face with a tissue
E replace and tighten cap
33- 5000 mg equals 0.005:
A grams
B kilograms
C micrograms
D centigrams
E nanograms
An amount of 5000 mg is equivalent to 5 g, which is equivalent to 0.005 kg.
34-A pharmacist is required to dispense 30 g of 0.5% hydrocortisone ointment. The pharmacist has
available a hydrocortisone ointment 1%. How many grams of the 1% ointment could be diluted with
white soft paraffin to prepare this order?
A 15 g
B 30 g
C 0.15 g
D 0.5 g
E 1.5 g
35- Alginic acid is found in some antacid preparations. The primary function is to:
A act as an antifoaming agent
B accelerate gastric emptying
C prevent refluxing into the oesophagus
D act as an antimuscarinic
E act as a flavouring agent
36- The use of a suspension as a parenteral preparation is contraindicated when the route of
administration is:
A subcutaneous
B intramuscular
C intravenous
D intradermal
E intra-articular
37- Bioavailability describes the relative amount of drug that reaches the:
A kidney
B systemic circulation
C liver
D stomach
E small intestine
38- When a drug is administered as a solid oral dosage form, the first process that occurs is:
A absorption
B disintegration
C dissolution
D ionisation
E metabolism
39- In pharmaceutical manufacturing, process validation:
A is a GMP requirement
B aims to ensure that the final product produced is of the expected quality
C should be carried out independently by the quality assurance Department
40-A patient is prescribed 3 L normal saline over 12 hours using a 5 drops/mL infusion set. The infusion
rate in drops/minute is:
A5
B 12
C 15
D 21
E 25
The patient should be given 3000 mL over 720 minutes (12 hours 60 min-utes).
Since 5 drops make 1 mL then 15 000 drops (3000 mL 5 drops) are required for
3000 mL. Hence 15 000 drops should be infused over 720 min-utes at a rate of 20.8 (15 000/720) or 21
drops/minute.
41- The amount in grams of sodium bicarbonate that are contained in a10 mL disposable syringe of 4.2%
w/w sodium bicarbonate is:
A 0.000 42
B 0.004 2
C 0.042
D 0.42
E 4.2
There are 4.2 g of sodium bicarbonate in 100 mL; in 10 mL of solution there are 0.42 g
(4.2 10/100).
42- A stock solution is diluted to make a 1 in 5 strength solution. The amount in millilitres of the stock
solution that is present in 250 mL of the resulting solution is:
A1
B 25
C 50
D 250
E 1250
A 1 : 5 strength solution is 50 (250/5) mL : 250 mL resulting solution.
43- The amount in millligrams of hydrocortisone required to prepare 30g of hydrocortisone 0.1% w/w
cream is:
A 0.000 3
B 0.003
C 0.03
D 0.3
E 30
A concentration of 0.1% w/w means 0.1 g in 100 g. In order to prepare 30 g of 0.1% w/w, 0.03 g are required
(0.1 30/100); 0.03 g is equivalent to 30 mg.
44- The amount in grams of a powder required to make 5 L of an aque-ous solution at a concentration of
2% w/v of the anhydrous substance is (the powder contains 5% w/w moisture):
A 10
B 25
C 26.32
D 100
E 105
A 2% w/v solution is equivalent to 2 g in 100 mL. Hence in 5 litres, 100 g of powder are required (5000
mL 2 g/100 mL). However, a 100 g of powder would also contain 5 g (5 g in 100
g5% w/w) of moisture, so to counteract, you need 105 g of powder.
45- The % concentration v/v of a 50 g cream that contains 1.25 g ketoprofen is:
A 0.02
B 0.2
C 1.25
D 2.5
E 25
An amount of 50 g cream contains 1.25 g ketoprofen, therefore 100 g cream contains 2.5 g
(100 1.25/50) which is equivalent to 2.5% v/v.
46-The % v/v concentration of a solution of mivacurium 500 µg/mL is:
A 0.000 5
B 0.005
C 0.05
D 0.5
E 50
An amount of 50 000 µg (500 µg 100 mL) are in 100 mL equivalent to 0.05 g in
100 mL. The % v/v is 0.05%.
47- In polymorphism:
1 molecules arrange themselves in two or more different ways in the crystal
2 different X-ray diffraction patterns of polymorphs are produced
3 polymorphs exhibit the same physical and chemical properties
48- If the solubility of a drug substance is low:
1 the drug particles have a high surface-to-bulk ratio
2 micronisation may improve drug absorption
3 the dissolution rate in vivo may be the rate-controlling step in Absorption
49-Drugs that are subject to oxidative degradation include:
1 phenothiazines
2 steroids
3 ascorbic acid
50- Polymers are used in pharmaceutical manufacturing as:
1 suspending agents
2 binding agents
3 emulsifying agents
51- In protein binding:
1 only albumin is involved
2 most drugs bind to a limited number of sites on the albumin molecule
3 binding is generally easily reversible
52- Good pharmacy practice guidelines:
A have been established by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)
B comply with ISO 9000
C consist of an audit process
D relate to pharmaceutical marketing
E entail field observation studies
53- According to good practice, when dispensing a medication the pharmacist is required to:
1 provide written instructions
2 provide verbal advice
3 ask whether the patient has any problems with the medication
54- In a community pharmacy, the managing pharmacist should ensure that the dispensing equipment:
1 is stored in a clean place
2 is cleaned after use
3 is securely locked and accessible only to pharmacists
55- An investigational medicinal product is:
A a product intended to induce a specific alteration in the immunological response
B a product consisting of a toxin
C a product prepared from homeopathic stocks
D a pharmaceutical form of an active substance being tested or used in a clinical trial
E a product prepared in a pharmacy in accordance with a prescription
56- In pharmaceutical manufacturing, the Qualified Person:
A ensures that standards of good practice in manufacturing are complied with
B establishes the period of validity of the manufacturer’s licence
C may revoke a manufacturer’s licence
D ensures that good accounting practices are implemented in the administration department
E advises the Licensing Authority on the granting of a manufacturer’s licence
57- Medication storage requirements in a pharmacy include:
1 temperature control for medicines that are temperature labile
2 separation of storage of medicines from non-pharmaceutical products
3 locked cabinet for controlled drugs
58- Factors that affect drug absorption include all EXCEPT:
A drug half-life
B gastric motility
C blood flow
D food intake
E pH at absorption site
59- Pharmacoepidemiology:
A is the study of the use and effects of drugs in a large number of people
B concerns adverse reactions
C relates to drug elimination from the body
D is the analysis of drug disposition factors
E relates to drug wastage
60- Insulin syringes:
A are calibrated in mL
B are calibrated in units
C a large gauge needle is required
D maximum volume is 5 mL
E needle length is 10 cm
61- Barrier creams:
1 protect the skin from becoming macerated
2 consist of silicones and zinc
3 may be used to protect against napkin dermatitis
62- The volume of distribution of a drug describes:
A the apparent distribution of the drug in the body
B the concentration of the drug in plasma
C the volume of plasma that is cleared from the body
D the concentration of the drug in blood
E the rate of elimination of the drug from the body
63- Convert 18 μg to milligrams:
A 18 000
B 1800
C 0.0018
D 0.018
E 0.18
64- A solution of sodium chloride contains 500 mg of sodium chloride made up to 100 mL with water.
Express this solution as a percentage w/v:
A 500
B 50
C5
D 0.5
E 0.05
The solution contains 0.5 g in 100 mL, % w/v is 0.5.
65- When 500 mL of a 10% ammonia solution are diluted to 1000 mL, the percentage v/v is:
A 20
B 10
C5
D 0.5
E 0.05
In 100 mL of the 10% ammonia solution, 10 g of ammonia are available. Hence in 500 mL, 50 g are present
(500 10/100). Therefore when 500 mL of solution are diluted to 1000 mL, 50 g are
present in 1000 mL. The %v/v is 5 (100 50/1000)
66- Within the pharmaceutical industry, the department which ensures that the facilities and systems
adopted are adequate is:
a- research and development department
b- analytical methods department
c- production department
d- quality assurance department
e- quality control department
67. Prescription Must contain all of the following except:
a- name of the patient
b- Diagnosis
c- Single or Married
d- Dosage form
68. If the Prescription is not clear:
a- Return it to the Doctor
b- Give it to the Pharmacist
c- Dispense the clear drugs
d- Return it to the patient
69. Which of the following is parenteral rout of administration?
a- Subcutaneous
b- IM
c- IV
d- All of the above
70. Insulin Storage at:
a- 0 c
b- 4-8 c
c- 24 c
d- 25 c
71. qod means:
a- Three times daily
b- Every day
c- Four times daily
d- Every other day
72. qid means:
a- Three times per day
b- Two times per day
c- Four times per day
d- Once daily
73.bid means:
a- Three times per day
b- Two times per day
c- Four times per day
d- Once daily
74. tid means :
a- Three times per day
b- Two times per day
c- Four times per day
d- Once daily
75. The Latin abbreviation for four times:
a- qid
b- bid
c- tid
d- qd
76. Concentration of normal saline:
a- 9%
b- 5.3 %
c- 0.9 %
d- 90 %
77- The latin abbreviation for “After Meals” is:
a- a.c.
b- a.a.
c- p.c.
d- i.c.
e- c.c
78- The latin abbreviation for “Every Night” is:
a- a.c.
b- o.n.
c- p.c.
d- i.c.
e- c.c
79. Which of the following dosage form can be administrated orally?
a- Spray
b- Suppositories
c- Ointment
d- Elixir
80. Quality control is control of:
a- condition
b- specification
c- shelf life
d- All above
81. Which of the following effect is not considered in formation of suspension?
a- Use of chelating agent
b- of whiting agent
c- particle size
d- non of the above
82- Content of patient file is:
a- -name+ age+ gender+ diagnosis+ medication
b- -name + diagnosis
c- Medication only
d- -name+ age+ gender+ telephone
83- OTC means:
a- Over the content
b- Over the counter Drugs
c- On the counter
d- Ophthalmic Drugs
84- Content of ORS:
a- NaCl+ Na lactate+ K citrate
b- Glucose+ NaCl+ Na citrate+ K citrate
c- NaCl+ Na lactate+ K citrate+ MgOH
d- Glucose+ fructose+ NaCl+ KCl+ Na citrate+ K citrate
(Glucose + NaCl + KCl + Na-citrate or bicarbonate)
?- Oral re-hydrate solution(ORS) contains:
a- sod. citrate,pot. chloride & glucose
b- sod. citrate,pot. chloride & sod. chloride
c- sod. chloride,pot. citrate, sod. citrate & glucose
d- sod. chloride,pot. chloride, sod. bicarbonate &citric acid.
85- The pH for acidic preparation is:
a- 7
b- More than 7
c- Less than 7
d-5.5 – 8.5
86- Eight fluid ounce equal to:
a- 240 ml(1US fluid ounce =29.5735)
b- 120 ml
c- 60 ml
d- none of the above
87- How much magnesium sulfate is in 10 ml of a 200 mg/ml magnesium sulfate solution?
a- 1 gm
b- 2 gm (2000mg)
c- 1000 gm
d- 2000 gm
88- How many milliliters of ampicillin do you have to dispense if the patient
needs to take 2 tsp qid for 7 days:
a- 280 mls
b- 560 mls
c- 840 mls
d- None of the above
89- A 20-kg child receives erythromycin 30 mg/kg q6h, so he receives………..mg/day
a- 180
b- 3600
c- 2400
d- 120
90- three grains equal………mg
a- 168
b- 65
c- 195
d- None of the above
91- 25 oC = ……. oF
a)31.66
b)77
c)13
d)-3.8
F=(oC1.8)+32
92- D10W means……………..
a- -solution containing 10 mg dextrose in 100 ml water
b- -solution containing 10 mg dextrose in 100 L water
c- -solution containing 10 gm dextrose in 1000 ml water
d- -solution containing 10 gm dextrose in 100 ml water
93- Normal saline conc.:
a- 9%
b- 4.5 %
c- 0.9%
d- 90%
94- 0.5 NS solution contains……….milligram sodium chloride in 30 ml.
a)0.27
b)270
c)135
d)0.135
95- 1 milliliter =…….minims
a)14.23
b)15.23
c)16.23
d) None of the above
96- 1deciliter = ………liter
a)10
b)100
c)0.1
d)0.01
97- The concentration of one drug is 1:100, if the patient takes 900 ml at the
morning and 600 ml in the evening, How much drug will the patient take in 15
days?
a- 15 mg
b- 15 gm
c- 225 mg
d- 225 gm
98- How many milliliters of a NS solution can be made from 4500 mg of sodium chloride?
a- 0.5 L
b- 5 L
c- 50 L
 d- None of the above
99- How many grams of water needed to prepare 150 gm of potassium acetate solution with
concentration 4% w/w?
a- 157
b- 144
c- 66
d- 6
100- What is the concentration of solution, if we dilute 100 ml 5% of antiseptic solution to 200 ml?
a- 10%
b- 5%
c- 2.5%
d- 0.5% (n1v1=n2v2 formula)
101- A patient who weighs 50 kg receives 5 mg/kg of acyclovir tid, so the patient receives………….mg/day
a- 15
b- 250
c- 500
d- 750
102- Which of the following consider Parenteral Administration?
a- Subcutaneous
b- oral
c- aa
d- all
103- 8 gm of water are needed to make 160 gm of 5% w/w solution of K acetate.
a- true
b- False
104- 10 grains equal how much grams
a- 0.0065
b- .065
c- .65
d- 6.5
e- 65
105- The mixture of liquid paraffine and water will be
a- solution
b- lotion
c- emulsion
d- elixir
e- drops
106- The mixture of acacia, water, and oil will be
a- lotion
b- Suspension
c- Solution
d- Emulsion
107- All of these are the components of calamine lotion B.P. except
a- ZnO
b- Calamine
c- Sodium citrate
d- Bentonite
e- Sodium sulphate
108- MMR vaccine is
a- measles vaccine
b- mumps vaccine
c- rubella vaccine
 d- measles-mumps-rubella vaccine
109- Enteric coated tablets
a- pass the stomach and release in the intestine
b- pass the stomach and intestine
c- release in the stomach
110- The conc. Of the drug on expiration date is
a- not less than 100 %
b- not less than 90 %
c- from 90-110 %
d- none of the above
111- Which of the following not given IV:
a- Suspension
b- Emulsion
c- Solution
d- All of the above
112- Tween 20 is:
a- deflocoulant
b- lipohpilic surfactant
c- preservative
d- hydrophilic surfactant
113- WFI characterized by:
a- Free from sodium
b- Free from Ca and K
c- Pyrogen free
d- All above
114- Crystalline insulin is:
a- Cloudy
b- Clear
c- Unclear
d- Non above
115- Most common drops:
a- Solution
b- Suspension
c- Emulsion
d- Ointments
116- Suitable volume for ophthalmic preparation is:
a- 1 ml
b- 50 micro liters
c- 10 micro liters
d- 5 ml
117- H2o + Nacl final will be:
a- Suspension
b- Emulsion
c- Solution
d- Lotion
118- Natural emulsifying agent is:
a- Span
b- Acacia
c- Tween
d- all above
119- Injection in spinal fluid called:
a- Intrathecal injection
b- Intramascular
c- Intrapretonial
d- Intraarticular
120- How many grams of water are used to prepare 60 g of potassium acetate
solution have concentration 5% w/w:
a- 300 gm
b- 57 gm
c- 3 gm
d- 5.7 gm
121- How many grams of substance X are needed to prepare 100 cc from solution 1:1000 ?
a- 10 mg
b- 0.01 mg
c- 100 mg (0.1g)
d- 1000 mg
122- Most of drugs are:
a- Weak acids
b- Weak bases
c- Strong acids
d- Weak salts
e- Strong salts
123- Which of the following factors affect the distribution of a drug?
a- Lipid solubility
b- Plasma protein binding
c- Polarity
d- Molecular size
e- All of the above
124- Most drugs are
a- Strong electrolytes
b- Weak electrolytes
c- Non electrolytes
d- Highly ionic
e- None of the above
125-The most common disintergrator in compressed tablets is
a- Dextrose
b- Lactose
c- Starch
d- Potassium bitartrate
e- Powdered sucrose
126- Gums are used in tabletting primarily as
a- Disintegrators
b- Glidants
c- Lubricants
d- Binding agents
e- Both b and c
127- Ophthalmic solutions should be formulated to include which of the following?
1. Sterility
2. Isotonicity
3. Buffering
4. all above
128- Advantages of tablets over liquid dose forms include the following
1. Enhanced stability
 2. Ease of administration
3. Greater accuracy of dosing
4. All above
129- The appropriate PH range for ophthalmic products is
a- 2.0 to 3.0
b- 4.0 to 6.0
c- 6.0 to 8.0
d- 8.0 to 10.0
130- A medicine expires "January 2001" it must not be used after
a- January 01,2001
b- January15,2001
c- January 31,2001
d- December 31,2001
131- All of these are anions except:
a- Phosphate.
b- Acetate.
c- Sodium.
d- Chloride.
132- Drugs to pass B.B.B. should be:
a- Unionized hydrophilic.
b- Ionized hydrophilic.
c- Unionized lipophilic.
d- Ionized lipophilic
133- Surfactant not used orally:
a- Na lauryl sulphate.
b- Tween.
c- Span
134- In a bottle we have NaCl 500 ml, and to obtain we should add what volume of H 2O to get percent
dilution 3 (H2O) : 1 (NaCl)?
a- 1500 ml.
b- 2500 ml.
c- 3000 ml.
135- How much lidocaine for solution of 1/1000 to obtain 30 cc:
a- 0.03.
b- 0.3.
c- 30.
d- None of the above.
136- Alcohol present in pharmacy as antiseptic is in concentration:
70%
137- The concentration of crystal violet paint is:
0.5% according to B.P. 1980.
1% according to U.S.P. 1985
138- What is the concentration of mercurochrome solution?
2%.
139- What is the difference between retard and enteric coated tablets?
Retard tablets:
Are coated with a thin layer of different kind of coating agent which make the active constituent
sustained release.
Enteric coated tablets:
 Are dissolved in the intestine and not affected by the stomach juices e.g. anthelmentic. Passes the
stomach & releases in the intestine.
140- Sustained release tablets depend on:
PH of stomach
141- Controlled released drug delivery depends on:
a- Ready programmed & no influence of the body fluid.
b- Enzymatic reactions.
c- Body fluid interaction.
d- Stomach Ph.
e- All of them
142- Pharmacy of central hospital is:
a- Central pharmacy only.
b- Contains store.
c- All of the above
143- What is the meaning of the following?
POM = Prescription Only Medicine.
BID = Twice Daily.
ECG = Electro Cardio Gram.
G.6.P.D. = Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydogenase.
BPC = British Pharmacopial Codex.
144- What is difference between QID & Q6H?
QID = 4 times a day.
Q6H = every after 6 hours.
145- Which of the following is responsible for buffering
a-magnesium
b-chloride
c-bicarbonates
d-potassium
e-troponin
146- The ability of a liquid to dissolve is :
a-hydrophilicity
b-miscibility
c-immiscibility
d-solubility equilibrium
147- Which of the following is NOT a primary literature
a-gournal of pharmacy practice
b-applied therapeutic & clinical use of drug
c-new England Journal of medicine
d-Loncet
e- JAMA
148- References to check compatibility of drugs in parentral administration:
a- MERCK Index
b-handbook on injectable drugs
c-micromedix d- a
and b e- b and c
149-HOW can prepare 100 ml of 12% MgCl by taking?
 a-12ml of MGCL dissolve in 100 ml water
b-12 mg of Mgcl dissolve in 100 ml water
c-12ml of MGCL dissolve in 1000 ml water
d-90.5 ml of MGCL dissolve in 100 ml water
e-.95 ml of MGCL dissolve in 100 ml water
150-The following is NOT characteristic of solution:
a-thermodynamically stable
b-composed of two or more component that exist in one phase
c-homogenous
d-the solvent and solute can be separated by filtration e-
solute doesn`t precipitate as time passes
151- Which of the following need filtration before IV infusion
a- mannitol
b- b- dextrose 5%
c- c- insulin
d- Suspension
e- e- emulsion
152-the optimal size for ophthalmic drops:- < 10μg
153- Chiral molecule mean:-
a-dipole moment
b- solubility
c-Chelating prep.
d-optical activity
154-most common process for sterilization:-
a- filtration
b- b- dry heat
c- c- moist heat
155-half life for first order kinetic:-
a- k
b- b-1/k
c- c- 2k
d- d- 0.693k
156-if a drug has the same active ingredient like other drug but not contain the same inactive ingredient
this mean:-
a- Bioequivalent
b- pharmaceutical equivalent
c- c- pharmaceutical alternative
d- A,B
157- conc. of adrug is 7.5 mg in teaspoonful. What will be conc. in 150 ml:-
7.5 mg________ 5ml
x? mg________ 150 ml
◌ْ ◌ْ ◌ْ ◌ْ ◌x
ْ mg=7.5x150/5 =225 mg
158-which of the following is not colloid
a- A-kerbs solution
b- albumin 2%
c- Dextran
c- Beta starch
d- albumin 20%
159- Drug stored in the body in:-
a- fat
b- muscle
c- connective tissue
d- lipid
e- protein
160-which of the following dosage form are famous:-
a- solution, gel, oint.
b- oint , gel , solution
c- oint, solution , gel
d- solution , oint , gel
161-when use liquid or oint. to dissolve the solid it is called :-
levigation
162- pound = 0.453 kg
163- Drug after metabolized in liver it will become:-
a- polar
b- non polar
c- c-lipophilic
d- insoluble
164- Loading dose definition…(mean……..to get the drug effect faster)
165- Half life of drug is 7 days HOW can be taken:-
a- every day
b- twice daily
c- twice weekly
d- every week
166- Infusion of hypotonic solution in blood cause :
a) shriniking of blood cell
b) hemolysis
c) hyperglycemia
d) hypoglycemia
e) b + d
167- Infusion of hypertonic solution in blood cause :
a) shriniking of blood cell
b) hemolysis
c) hyperglycemia
d) hypoglycemia
e) b + d
168- Denaturation will happened in body for which compounds?
a-penicillin
b- proteins
d- lipid
e- d-carbohydrate
169- Major metabolism proccess in GIT is:-
a- hydrolysis
b- acetylation
c- oxidation
d- d-conjucation
170- Dosage form of nitroglycren when used in malignant hypertension ?
a- IV
b- b-IM
c- S.C
d- infusion
e- transdermal
171- True solutions another name is:-
a- homogenous
b- heterogenous
c-emultion
d- suspension
172-about ophthalmic preparation as single dose which is false:-
a- a-sterile
b- purified
c- should cotain preservative
d- d-………..
173-all factors affect on renal clearance except :
a-Age
b-Sex
c-Both
d-Disease state
174- Ointment used for :
a-Carrier of drug
b-Emollient
c-A&B
d-Increase absorption
e-Increase distribution
175-2 mg \ L solution , according ppm :
a-2 ppm
b-0.002 ppm
c-0.000002 ppm
175- Normal water used for:
a-Eye preparption
b-Parentral preparation
c-Solution
d-Emultion
e-External preparation
177-solutions are better than solid dosage form coz:
a-Accurate dose
b-Easy to handle
 c-More stable
d-Faster action
178- One of following NOT used to cover bitter taste:-
a-Film coat
b-Enteric coat
c-Grinding of tablet
179- Drug infusion rate is 2mg\kg\hr , infused for 12 hours , for 70kg patient. what is total dose?
(2x70x12)=1680 mg
180-( GMP) mean:-
a-Good Manufacturing Protocol or Good Manufacturing Practice
b-Good Manu factor Product
c-General Manufacturing Protocol
d-General Manufacturing Product
181- According to sterile method which of the following is false about filtteration:-
able to filtter viscous substance
181- When you know the preservative used with anti biotic is not suitable you make:-
a- use another one is suitable
b- add another to increase it is activity
c- Use two or more preservative may increase the activity and may become suitable
d- a+c
182- Light sensitive drug should be storage in:-
a-Colorless glass
b-Colorless plastic
c-Amber glass
d-Amber plastic
e-Light resistant container
183-Electromagnetic rays :- gamma rays, x-rays.
184-comparison between sterile water &water for injection:-
a- pyrogen free
b- b-free from sod. Chloride
c- Isotonic
d- free from bacteria
e- A&C
185-keep in cool place means :-
a-in refrigerator
b-in freezing
c-at 10-20 c
d-A&C
186-5mlof injection that conc. 0.4% calculate the amount of drug?
4mg -----100ml
? ---------5ml
4 * 5/100=
a-0.2mg
c-200mg
b-2mg
d-2000mg
 e-20mg
187-The equation that determine the acid & base degree is:-
(BRONESTED EQUATION
188-purified water can not used in:-
a-ophthalmic preparation
b-IV solution
c-oral preparation
d-oral suspension
e-A&B
189-Aspartame is used as………
Sweetener
190-ideal volume of eye solution:-
a)500micro
b)50-250 micro
c)10-50 micro
d)<10 micro
191-pH use to :
a-determine acidity
b- increase with basic
c-for POH
192- Containers used for dispensing medicines should:
1 always be glass containers
2 be cleaned with alcohol before use
3 be labelled accordingly
193- amount of drug is 5 mg in 1 ml what the amount of drug in 1 tsp in microgram
a)5
b ) 25
c ) 500
d ) 2500
e ) 25000
194-5mlof injection that conc. 0.4% calculate the amount of drug?
a-0.2mg
c-200mg
b-2mg
d-2000mg
E-20mg
195-storage of narcotic prescriptions according to Saudi national regulations
a-6 months
b-12 months
c-24 months
d-36 months
196- Pharmacy and therapeutic committee
a-storage of drug
b-adverse effect
c-expiration of drug
d-maintain of formulary of drug
197 - When the pharmacopeia put the drug as phase 4
a- a-safety
b- potency
c- c- indication
198- FDA Fast Track what this mean ::
a-For drug that shows promising results for life-threatening disease with other drugs available can treat it
b- drug that shows promising results for life-threatening disease with NO others available can do that
c-drug that shows cost effectiveness
d-drug with side effects
199- Unit dose cassettes in hospital has doses of: (day –week – next change – single dose
200-A fixed dose of drug that follows 1st order elimination depends on ::
a- dose of drug
b- dosing intervals
c- elimination Half-life
201- if a medication error happened , the first person to refer to :
a) patient
b) prescriber
202-Rate of Solution can be increased by
1. Reducing the size of particles
2. Stirring the solution
3. Increasing the viscosity
4. Decreasing the temperature
203- The property of a solution that depends on the number of the solute particles in solution is known as
1. Constitutive property
2. Additive property
3. Colligative property
4. Both colligative property and additive property
204- The property that depends on the structural arrangement of atoms within the molecules
1. Constitutive property
2. Additive property
3. Colligative property
4. Both colligative property and additive property
205- The property that depends on the sum of the corresponding properties of individual atoms or
functional groups within the molecules
1. Constitutive property
2. Additive property
3. Colligative property
4. Both colligative property and additive property
206-Lowering of vapor pressure is a
1. Constitutive property
2. Additive property
3. Colligative property
4. Combination of additive and colligative property
207-Molecular weight is a
1. Constitutive property
2. Additive property
3. Colligative property
208-Ionic compounds are easily soluble in
1. Polar solvents
2. Non-polar solvents
3. Both polar and non-polar solvents
209-What is the device that rotates rapidly and uses centrifugal force to separate substances of different
densities?
1. Cyclone
2. Centrifuge
3. Impeller
4. Both cyclone and centrifuge
210-Autoclave is a strong steel vessel that is used for which of the following processes?
1. Pasteurization
2. Sterilization
3. Precipitation
4. Heating
211-What is the process for separating lighter particles from heavier ones using a vertically-directed
stream of gas or liquid (usually upwards)?
1. Elutriation
2. Centrifugation
3. Levigation
4. Vaporization
212- It is the process in which the different chemical substances are combined to produce a final drug
product.
1. Prescription
2. Compounding
3. Dispensing
4. Formulation
213-Pharmacopoeias are
1. Books or databases listing information about the therapeutic uses of drugs.
2. Books or databases listing drugs used in medical practice and describing their composition,
preparation, use, dosages, effects, and side effects, especially one published as an official guide for
pharmacists.
3. Books authorized by governments or by international agencies.
4. Books containing list of pharmacy items.
214-Which Pharmacopoeia has been recognized by The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic (FDC) Act?
1. United States Pharmacopoeia / National Formulary (USP/NF)
2. British Pharmacopoeia (BP)
3. European Pharmacopoeia
4. All of them
215-Which of the following is actually a drug compendium? (Compendium means the list of items).
1. International Pharmacopoeia
2. City pharmacopoeia
3. Pharmacopoea Amstelredamensis
4. Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia
216-Formularies are the books containing
1. Information for the preparation of drugs
2. Lists of drugs approved for use by a particular hospital, health plan or government
3. Lists of drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the FDA’s evaluations of the
therapeutic equivalence of different manufacturers’ preparations of approved drugs.
4. Information about the therapeutic uses of drugs.
217-What is the example of Drug Compendia?
1. Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR)
2. Mosby’s GenRx
3. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy
4. Orange Book
218-It is the book containing lists of drugs approved by FDA.
1. Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR)
2. Mosby’s GenRx
3. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy
4. Orange Book
219- The study of relationship between products formulation, delivery, clinical product response and
disposition is called …………………,
a. Pharmacy
b. physiology
c. biochemistry
d. pharmaceutics
220. The profession in which medication are prepared, dispensed and information regarding products
provided to the public and healthcare professions is known as…………,
a .Pharmaceutics
b. physiology
c. pharmacy
d. pharmacology.
221. A person who is education in [Pharm D] and licensed to dispense products to patient with
appropriate instruction is known as …………….
a. Pharmacist
b. physiologist
c. pharmacologist
d. scientist.
222. What does pharmacy practices is involves…….
a. Review and interpretation of prescription
b. suggestion of new prescription
c. none
d. both.
223. Nuclear pharmacy is used to produce products which are used for…….
a. surgical
b. diagnostic
c. Heart disease
d. All of these.
224. Pharmacy is the………………,
a. Art
b. science
c. both
d. none .
225. The entry level degree in pharmacy is………..,
a.DVM
b. pharmD
c. M phil
d. None of these.
226. At industrial level pharmacists are involved in……..,
a. Marketing and sales
b. administration
c. both
d. None
227. Which of following is not one of the areas of study in pharmacy……..?
a. Pharmaceutics
b. industrial pharmacy .
c pharmacology
d. None of these.
228.What does community pharmacy involve………
a) Professional skills
b) Management ability
c) Both a and b
d) None of these
229.Pharmacy practice in private and government hospital is called………
a) Health system pharmacy
b) Community pharmacy
c) Both of these
d) None of these
230, It is a branch of science which deals with the study of smaller particles and determination of their
size by using advanced method and technology is known as…………,
a. diffusion
b.esterification
c. Microorganisms
d. Micromeritics.
231. Micromeritics is the study of …………..?
a. Big particles
b. small particles
c. both
d. None of these.
232. The size and surface area of a particles in ………….?
a. Physical
b. chemical
c. Pharmacologic properties of products
d. All of these.
233. Particle size of product can affect its release from dosage forms administered orally by……..?
a. Medically
b. Clinically
c.both
d. None of these.
234. Frequency distribution curve is obtained when
a. Number of particles is plotted against the mean size range
b. Mean size range is plotted against the number of particles
c. Number of particles and the mean size are on x-axis
d. both a and b
235. Methods for determining particle size include ;
a) Optical microscopy
b) Sieving
c) Sedimentation
d) All of these
236. Ordinary microscope can measure the particle size between range
a) 0.2 to 100 m
b) 0.2 to 100 mm
c) 0.2 to 100 µm
d) 0.2 to 100 nm
237. The size of particle is measured by microscope with the help of
a) Eye-piece
b) Micro-meter
c) Eye-piece fitted with micro-meter
d) None
238. Sieving method uses a series of standard sieves calibrated by the………..
a) National Bureau of standards
b) IUPAC
c) Any of these
d) None
239. Order of sieves in sieving is ……….
a) Coarse,moderately coarse, moderately fine, fine, very fine
b) Moderately coarse, coarse, moderately fine, fine, very fine
c) Moderately coarse, coarse, fine, moderately fine, very fine
d) Coarse, moderately coarse, fine, moderately fine, very fine
240. Sieving errors can arise by factors including………..
a) Sieve loading & duration
b) Intensity of agitation
c) A&b
d) None
241. The particle size in sub sieve range can be found by gravity sedimentation as expressed in…..
a) Van’t hoff factor
b) Ohm’s law
c) Stoke’s law
d) Graham’s law
242. Andreasen Apparatus works under the principle of
a) Microscopy
b) Sedimentation
c) Sieving
d) All of above
243. Any instrument used for measuring volume of particle is……..
a) Andreasen apparatus
b) Coulter counter
c) Fisher sub sieveseizer
d) None
244. Granulators are used for ……….,
a) Making particles longitudinal
b) Cuboidal
c) Spherical
d) Elliptical
245. A sphere has…………,
a) Maximum surface area
b) Minimum
c) Normal
d) None of these
246. The specific surface is the ……….
a) surface area per unit volume
b) surface area per unit weight
c) both a and b
d) none of these
247. Methods for determining surface area are
a) Absorption method
b) Adsorption method
c) Air permeability method
d) b&c
248. The adsorbed layer in adsorption method is monomolecular at
a) Very low pressure
b) Low pressure
c) High pressure
d) Very high pressure
249. The adsorbed layer in adsorption method is multimolecular at
a) Very low pressures
b) Low pressures
c) Higher pressures
d) All of above
250. An instrument used to calculate the surface area of particles is…………….
a) Quantasorb QS-16
b) Quanta-adsorb QD-16
c) Boyton apparatus
d) Quanta-apparatus
251. In adsorption method the particle whose surface area is to be measured is taken as…..
a) Adsorbate
b) Adsorbent
c) Any of above
d) Both of above
252. Particle size of colloids ………….,
a) 1 nm to 0.5µm
b) 1 µm to 0.5mm
c) 1 mm to 0.5m
d) 1 m to 0.5mm
253. The process which it consisted of at least two phases with one or more disperse phase in a single
dispersion medium is called..........
a) Disperse phase
b) Dispersion medium
c) Dispersion
d) All of these
254. The distinct homogeneous part of system separated by definite boundaries from other parts of the
system is known as..........
a) Phase
b) Pro phase
c) Ana phase
d) Solution
255. How many types of dispersion.........?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
The dispersion has three types molecular dispersion, colloidal dispersion, coarse dispersion.
256. Molecular dispersion ranges from.........
a) 1 to 500nm
b) ‹1nm
c) ‹500nm
d) None of these
257. The increasing trend of diameter is..........
a) Molecular dispersion, colloidal dispersion, coarse dispersion.
b) Colloidal dispersion, coarse dispersion, molecular dispersion.
c) Corse dispersion, molecular dispersion, colloidal dispersion.
d) All of these
258. The decreasing trend of diameter is..........
a) Coarse dispersion, molecular dispersion, colloidal dispersion.
b) Coarse dispersion, colloidal dispersion, molecular dispersion.
c) Molecular dispersion coarse dispersion colloidal dispersion.
d) None of these
259. The dispersion medium in blood is.........
a) plate lets
b) serum
c) plasma
d) oxygen
260. The best example of all dispersion is..........
a) oxygen
b) blood
c) proteins
d) all of these
261. Blood is composed of..........
a) proteins
b) peptide
c) glucose
d) all of these
262. Molecular dispersion easily passes through.........
a) electron microscope
b) ultra filtration
c) filter paper
d) all of these
263. No diffusion takes place in...........
a) molecular dispersion
b) colloidal dispersion
c) coarse dispersion
d) none of these
264. Osmosis cannot formed when particles are in......
a) equilibrium state
b) random state
c) both a and b
d) none of these
265. Microscopic particles can be separated by..........
a) ultra filtration
b) filtration
c) dialysis
d) all of above
266. Colloids are …………,
a) can’t be observed by ordinary microscope
b) detected under ultra microscope
c) both a and b
d) none
267. Colloids can pass through ……..?
a) filter paper
b) semi-permeable membrane
c) both a and b
d) none
268. Colloids can’t pass through ………
a) filter paper
b) Semi-permeable
c) Both a and b
d) None of these
269. Diffusion of colloids is……….
a) Very slow
b) Slow
c) Fast
d) Very fast
270. Example of colloidal dispersion is……..
a) oxygen molecules
b) milk
c) none
d) all
271. Scattering of light form colloidal particles is ………..
a) faraday Tyndall effect
b) van’t hoff factor
c) van’t hoff dispersion
d) none
faraday Tyndall effect explains the scattering of light in the colloids while van’t hoff factor & dispersion are not
related to scattering of light.
272. Who invented ultra microscope………..
a) Zsigmonday
b) Faraday
c) Tyndall
d) Ohm
273. The process in which dispersed phase is mix in a suitable solvent the process is known as……….
a) Salvation
b) Dehydration
c) Hydration
d) All of these
274. The instrument which is use to reduce the particle size is called………
a) Size reduction
b) Milling
c) Mold
d) All of above
275. The process in which we converted coarse particles into colloidal then it is called
a) Milling
b) Size reduction
c) Size oxidation
d) None of these
276. Any type of chemical compound that posses two distinct regions that is hydrophilic and
hydrophobic portion within same molecule is called……….
a) Amphiphyllic
b) Electrophyle
c) Both a and b
d) None of these
277. Amphiphyllics are also called……
a) Association colloidal
b) Surface active agents
c) Amphipathics
d) All of above
278. Inter phase is composed of ………..
a) Water phase
b) Air phase
c) Both a and b
d) None of these
279. The large phase is called……….
a) Inter phase
b) Bulk phase
c) Both a and b
d) None of these
280. The point at which bulk phase and air, water inter phase become saturated is called………
a) CMC
b) Bulk phase
c) Inter phase
d) None of these
281. It is an aggregation of surfactant molecule in a colloidal liquid then it is called
a) CMC
b) Micelles
c) Aggregation number
d) None of these
282. Dispersed phase and dispersion medium of smoke are………….
a) solid and liquid
b) liquid and liquid
c) solid and gas
d) gas and gas
283. Margarine is a colloidal system of
a) foam
b) emulsion
c) aerosol
d) solid emulsion
284. Which of the following is not a colloidal property………
a) Composed of two phases
b) Stable
c) Homogenous
d) Can be filtered
285. Adsorption is the process of ……….
a) Repulsion
b) Addition
c) Adhesion
d) None of these
286. Surface on which ions, atoms or molecules accumulate
a) Adsorbent
b) Adsorbate
c) Specific surface
d) All
287. Adsorbate are ions, atoms or molecules
a) Which allow accumulation on their surface
b) Which accumulate on a specific surface
c) Which don’t accumulate
d) Both
288. If both adsorption & absorption are going side by side then it is……….
a) Disorption
b) Desorption
c) Sorption
d) Resorption
289. Reverse of adsorption is called
a) Disorption
b) Desorption
c) Sorption
d) Resorption
290. Vander-wall adsorption is synonym of………….
a) Physical adsorption
b) Chemical adsorption
c) Physi-adsorption
d) a& c
291. Physi-adsorption is effected by
a) Temperature only
b) Pressure only
c) Temperature and pressure
d) None
292. Strong bonding is present in
a) Chemical adsorption
b) Physical adsorption
c) Vander-wall adsorption
d) a&c
293. Absorption is …………….. phenomenon
a) Bulk
b) Surface
c) Phase difference
d) Bulk & phase
294. Adsorption has
a) Uniformity
b) Non-uniformity
c) Bulk uniformity
d) a&c
295. Chemical adsorption involves ……. Bonding
a) Hydrogen
b) Ionic
c) Covalent
d) Ionic & covalent
296. Chemical adsorption is
a) Reversible
b) Irreversible
c) Mostly reversible
d) Some-times irreversible
297- Cellulose acetate phthalate is used in pharmacy as a (an)
a- Emusifier
b- Enteric coating material
c- Suspending agent
d- Excipient
298- Coca butter (theobroma oil) is used as an suppository base because of its
a- Solubility
b- Melting point
c- Miscibility
d- Reactivity
 e- Lipophillic properties
299- The most widely used method of sterilization is
a- Microfiltration
b- Radiations
c- Ethyl oxide
d- Moist heat
e- Dry heat
300- Ophthalmic solutions should be formulated to include which of the following
a- Sterility
b- Isotonicity
c- Buffering
d- All above
301- Reaction rate is increased most rapidly by
a- Humidity
b- High temperature
c- Freezing
d- Photolysis
e- Hydrolysis
302-Syrups NF is
a- Self preserving
b- A supersaturated solutions
c- High unstable
d- Flavoured and preserved
303- Vnishing creams are classified as
a- Oleaginous
b- Absorption bases
c- Water soluble
d- O/w base
e- W/o base
304-Gums are used in tableting primarily as
a- Disintegrant
b- Glidants
c- Lubricant
d- Binding agents
305- A humectants retards
a- Bacterial growth
b- Degradation
c- Surface evaporation
d- Spreadability
306- Ointments are typically used as
a- Emollients
b- Protective barrier
c- Vehicle for applying drugs
d- All above
307- Freeze drying is based on
a- Pressure filtration
b- Sublimation
c- Polymerization
d- Pasteurization
e- Densification
308- The most common disintegrator in compressed tablets is
a- Dextrose
 b- Lactose
c- Starch
d- Potassium sucrose
e- Powdered sucrose
309- The rate of zero order reactions
a- Change constantly
b- Is independent of temperature
c- Is independent of concentration
d- Holds only for light catalysed reactions
e- Holds only for radio active compounds
310- Which of the following factors effects the distribution of drug?
a- Lipid solubility
b- Plasma protein binding
c- Polarity
d- Molecular size
e- All of the above
311- The major use of titanium dioxide in pharmacy is
a- Sunscreens
b- Antacid tablets
c- Capsule as adilunt
d- Effverscent salt
e- Emulsion
312- Soda lime is used as a (an)
a- Alkalinizer
b- Therapeutic agent in topical preparations
c- Stabilizer in emulsions
d- Reagent for absorption of carbon dioxide
e- Preservative in aromatic waters
313- Which of the following is a true statement regarding transdermal delivery system
a- Product from different manufacturer require identical amount of the active ingredient to yield equivalent
response
b- Skin thickness is not a factor in drug absorption
c- The transdermal unit should always be placed at the same site
d- The transdermal unit contains more drug than is needed for delivery into the body over the
prescribed the period of us
314-The process of rubbing or grinding a substance in a mortar is called
a- Trituration
b- Spactulation
c- Levigation
d- Coating
315-Coca butter (theobroma oil) exhibits all of the following properties except that
a- It melts between 33 and 35 degrees centigrade
b- It is a mixture of glycerides
c- It is useful in formulating suppositories
d- It is soluble in water
316-The term ‘store in a cool’ place means that the temperature must not exceeds
a- 4 centigrade
b- 10 centigrade
c- 15 centigrade
d- 30 centigrade
317-According to USP standard, a refrigerator cab be used to store pharmaceuticals that specify storage
in a
 a- Freezer
b- Cool place
c- Cold place
318-Esters are formed by the reaction between
a- Acid and base
b- Acid and alcohol
c- Acid and aldehyde
d- Acid and ketones
319-Radioactive isotopes of which substance are used widely in diagnosis and therapy
a- Carbon
b- Iodine
c- Radium
d- Gallium
320-Which of the following is the metabolic product of alcohol?
a- Acetaldehyde
b- Formic acid
c- 4-methyl pyrazol
d- Pyridoxine
321-Which of the following is not used as vehicle for injections?
a- Peanut oil
b- Cotton seed oil
c- Corn oil
d- Theobroma oil
322-Which of the following is used as plasma expander?
a- Sodium salts
b- Starches
c- Dextrans
d- Calcium salts
323-The two major properties of drugs that are usually modified by complexation are
a- Odor and taste
b- Taste and solubility
c- Chemical structure and stability
d- Stability and solubility
324-Which one of the following chemicals is not suitable as drug excepient?
a- Methyl paraben
b- Stach
c- Glycerine
d- Benzocain
e- Lactose
325-Which of the following chemicals may be included in a drug solution as chelating agent?
a- Ascorbic acid
b- Hydroxyquinone
c- Edentate
d- Sodium bisulfate
e- Fluorescein sodium
326-The term “impalpable” refers to a substance that is
a- Bad tasting
b- Not perceptible to the touch
c- Greasy
d- Nongreasy
e- Tasteless
327-The ‘chiral’ is related to a drug’s
 a- Chelating ability
b- Eutectic properties
c- Stereoisomerism
d- Partition coefficient
e- Water solubility
328-Different crystalline forms (polymorphs) of the same drug exhibit different
a- Metabolism rates
b- Melting points
c- Solubilities
d- B and c
329-Benzalkonium chloride is germicidal surfactant that is rendered inactive in the presence of
a- Organic acids
b- Gram negative organisms
c- Cationic surfactants
d- Soaps
e- Inorganic salts
330-The shrinkage that occurs when alcohol and purified water are mixed is primarily due to
a- Attractive vander waals forces
b- Covalent bonding
c- Hydrogen bonding
d- Ionic bonding
e- Temperature changes
331-The containers used to package drugs may consist of several components and/or be composed of
several materials. The release of an ingredient from packaging components into the actual product is
best described by the term
a- Leaching
b- Absorption
c- Adsorption
d- Permeation
e- Porosity
332-The term ‘piggyback’ is most commonly associated with
a- Intermittent therapy
b- Intrathecal injections
c- Intravenous bolus
d- Slow intravenous infusion
e- Total parenteral nutrition
333-Which of the following acronyms refer to parentral nutrition?
a- TPN
b- TNA
c- PMN
d- A ND B
334-What is the approximate maximum volume of fluid that should be administered daily by
interavenous infusion to stabilized patient?
a- 1 L
b- 4L
c- 8L
d- 12L
335-A suspension is not a suitable dosage form for
a- Intra-articular injection
b- Intradermal injections
c- Intramuscular injections
d- Intravenous injection
 e- Subcutaneous injections
336-Although isotonicity is desirable for almost all parental,it is particularly critical for
a- Intra-articular injection
b- Intradermal injections
c- Intramuscular injections
d- Intravenous injection
e- Subcutaneous injections
337-Which of the following injectables is isotonic with human red blood cells?
a- D5W
b- D5W/NS
c- D5W/.45NS
338-Which one of the following commonly available large-volume dextrose solutions for intravenous use
is isotonic?
a- 2.5%
b- 5.0%
c- 10%
d- 20%
e- 50%
339-The usual expiration date that should be placed on a parenteral admixture prepared in a hospital
pharmacy?
a- 1 hr
b- 24hr
c- 48hr
d- 72hr
e- 1 week
340-Which of the following types of injection routes should be limited to volumes of 1 ml or less?
a- Intramuscular into gluteus maximus
b- Intramuscular into deltoid
c- Subcutaneous
341-Which of the following vitamins possesses antioxidant properties?
a- Ascorbic acid
b- Ergocalciferol
c- Pantothenic acid
342-Which of the following chemicals is used as a topical antiseptic?
a- Aluminum acetate
b- Calcium hydroxide
c- Chlorhexidine glucanoate
d- Coal
e- Hydroquinone
343-Which of the following are used to prepare ‘targeted drug delivery systems’?
a- Liposomes
b- Nanoparticles
c- Transdermal patches
d- A and b
344-Techniques used in the development of ‘biotechnological drugs’ include
a- Gene splicing
b- Preparation of monoclonal antibodies
c- Lyophilization
d- A and b
345-Most of the recently developed biotechnological drugs are formulated in to which dosage form?
a- Inhalation
b- Parentral
 c- Capsules
d- Tablets
e- Topical
346-Which of the following drugs is not prepared by recombinant DNA technology?
a- Epoetin
b- Erythropoietin
c- Humulin
d- Interferons
e- Urokinase
347-The Norplant implant system is
a- Inserted under the skin
b- Effective for only one year
c- Classified as targeted delivery system
348-Uses for surfactants in pharmaceutical products include
a- Percutaneous absorption enhancers
b- Cleansing agent
c- Therapeutic activity
d- All of the above
349-The HLB system is most applicable for the classification of which surfactants?
a- Anionic
b- Ampholytic
c- Cationic
d- Nonionic
e- Either anionic or cationic
350-Vehicle for nasal preparation should possess all of the following properties except?
a- An acid pH
b- Isotonicity
c- High buffer capacity
d- Ability to resist growth of microorganisms
351-Which one of the following chemicals is not suitable for use as an antioxidant?
a- Ascorbyl palmitate
b- Ascorbic acid
c- Butylated hydroxytoluene
d- Chlorobutanol
e- Vitamin E
352-Advantages to the manufacturer for tablet fil coating when compared to sugar coating include
a- Short production time
b- Less gross weight
c- Lower incidence in coat chipping
d- All above
353-Which of the following is not used primarily as a diluents in tablet formulations?
a- Magnesium stearate
b- Dicalcium phosphate
c- Lactose
d- Mannitol
e- Starch
354-Which of the following is not a function of the lubricant in a tablet formulation?
a- Improves flow properties of granules
b- Reduces powder adhesion on to the dies and punches
c- Improves tablet wetting in the stomach
d- Reduces punches and die wear
e- Facilitates tablet ejection from the die
355-A sweetener that is widely employed in chewable tablet formulas id
a- Aspartame
b- Glucose
c- Lactose
d- Mannitol
e- Sucrose
356-Mannitol may be included in lyophilized products as a
a- Buffer
b- Bulking agent
c- Preservative
d- Sweetener
e- Tonicity adjuster
357-Benzyl alcohol is present in some parentral solutions as an
a- Antimicrobial preservatives
b- Antioxidant
c- Chelating agent
d- Buffering agent
e- Tonicity adjuster
358-Which of the following properties is desirable in a pharmaceutics suspension?
a- Caking
b- Pseudoplastic flow
c- Thixotrophy
d- B and c
359-Carbomers may be included in a topical product product as
a- Antimicrobial preservatives
b- Buffers
c- Penetration enhancers
d- Sweeteners
e- Thickening agents
360-Colligative properties are useful in determining
a- Tonicity
b- pH
c- solubility
d- sterility
e- stability
361-A second method for adjusting solution to isotonicity is based on
a- boiling point elevation
b- blood coagulation time
c- freezing point depression
d- milliequivalent calculation
e- refractive index
362-The main reason why methylcellulose and similar agents are included in ophthalmic solutions is to
a- increase drop size
b- increase ocular contact time
c- reduce inflammation of the eye
d- reduce tearing during instillation of the drop
e- reduce drop size
363-The combination of preservatives that appears to be most effective for ophthalmic use consist of
a- benzalkonium chloride and edentate
b- benzalkonium chloride and chlorobutanol
c- chlorobutanol and propyl paraben
d- phenylmercuric nitrate and phenylethyl alcohol
364-pH is equal to pKa at
a- pH1
b- pH7
c- The neutralizing point
d- The end point
e- The half neutralization point
365-The decay of radioactive atoms occurs
a- At a constant rate
b- As a first order reaction
c- As a zero order reaction
d- As second order reaction
e- At constantly increasing rates
366-Which one of the following forms of radiation has the greatest penetrating power?
a- Alpha radiation
b- Beta radiation
c- Gamma radiation
d- X rays
e- Ultraviolet radiations
367-Drugs with which of the following half lives are the best candidates for oral sustained release dosage
formulations?
a- <1 hr
b- 1-2 hr
c- 4-8 hr
d- 12-16hr
e- >16 hr
368-A common building block for liposomes are the
a- Anionic surfactants plus mineral oil
b- Nonionic surfactants plus mineral oil
c- Phospholipids
d- Polyethylene glycols
e- Straight chain hydrocarbons combined with phosphoric acid
369-Liposomes dosage forms are suited for which of the following routes of administration?
a- Parenteral
b- Topical
c- Oral
d- All
370-Ginger roots has been shown to be effective in
a- The treatment of nausea or motion sickness
b- Reducing brochial spasms
c- Treating constipation
d- Treating diarrhea
e- Reducing blood pressure
371-Advantages of transdermal drug delivery systems include
a- Avoids first pass effect
b- Improves patient compliance
c- Suitable for drugs with relatively short half lives.
d- All of the above
372-The prescription balance needed for weighing chemicals is currently designed as a class ---------
balance by the NBS.
a- 1
b- 11
c- 111
373-Standard for chemicals being used for extemporaneous compounding are found in the
a- FDA good manufacturing practices
b- USP/NF
c- Remington
d- Mek index
e- USP/DI
374-The AUC can be described as being a
a- Theoretic value
b- Measuring of drug concentration time curve
c- Value with units of weight and time/volume
d- B and c
375-The relative bioavailability of a drug product can be determined by comparing which of the
following values to similar control drug values?
a- Areas under the curve AUC
b- Total drug uniary excretion
c- Peak blood drug concentrations
d- A and b
376-Which of the following is the first process that must occur before a drug can become available for
absorption from a tablet dosage form?
a- Dissolution of the drug in the GI fluid
b- Dissolution of the drug in the GI epithelium
c- Ionization of the drug
d- Dissolution of the drug in the blood
e- Disintegration of tablet
377-Which of the following may be the rate limiting step for drug absorption from an orally administered
drug product?
a- Disintegration of the unit
b- Dissolution of the active drug
c- Diffusion of active drug through the intestinal wall
d- All above
378-Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic data either is or may be required when pharmaceutical
companies submit?
a- New drug applications
b- Abbreviated new drug application
c- Supplemental application
d- All above
379-For two drug products to be considered ‘pharmaceutical equivalent’ the products must
a- Have the same active drug (therapeutic moiety)
b- Consist of same salt
c- Contain the same excipients
d- A and b
380-Requirements for the drug product to be considered ‘pharmaceutical alternatives’ include having the
same
a- Active drug or precursor
b- Dosage form
c- Salt or ester
381-Reducing drug particle size to enhance drug absorption is limited to those situations in which the
a- Absorption process occurs by active transport
b- Absorption process is rate limited by the dissolution of drug in GI fluids
c- Drug is very water soluble
d- Drug s very potent
e- Drug is irritating to the GIT
382-Which of the following statements concerning the blood protein albumin are/is true?
a- It is a very site specific binding agent
b- Blood levels are approximately 3.5 to 5.0 g/L
c- It will generally bind acidic drugs
382-The volume of distribution of a drug is a
a- Mathematic relationship between the total amount of drug in the body and the concentration of
drug in the blood
b- Measure of an individual’s blood volume
c- Measure of an individual’s total body volume
383-The volume of concentration of drug will be
a- Greater for drugs that concentrate in tissues rather in plasma
b- Greater for drugs that concentrate in plasma rather than in tissues
c- Independent of the tissue concentration
d- Independent of plasma concentration
e- Approximately the same for all drugs in a given individuals
384-Compartmental models are often used to illustrate the various principles of pharmacokinetics. A
compartment is best defined as
a- Any anatomic entity that is capable of absorbing drug
b- A kinetically distinguishable pool of drug
c- Specific body organs or tissues that can be assayed for drug
d- Any body fluid, such as blood or urine, that contain drug
385-The pharmacokinetic parameter known as clearance is essentially the
a- Rate at which the plasma is cleared of all waste materials and foreign substances eg. Drug
b- Volume of the blood that passes through the kidneys per unit of time
c- Volume of blood that passes through the liver per unit of time
d- Rate at which drug is removed from its site of absorption
e- Volume of blood that is completely cleared of drug per unit of time
386-The term ‘ prodrug’ refers to a
a- Chemical substance that is a part of the synthesis procedure in preparing a drug
b- Compound that liberates an active drug in the body
c- Compound that may be therapeutically active but is still under clinical trials
d- Drug that has only prophylactic activity in the body
e- Drug that is classified as being ‘probably effective’
387-Which of the following properties of a drug may preclude its formulationin to a sustained release
dosage form?
a- Half life less than two hours
b- Erratic absorption from the GIT
c- Low therapeutic index
d- All above
388-The rate of diffusion of drug across biological membranes is most commonly
a- Independent of the concentration gradient
b- Directly proportional to the concentration gradient
c- Dependent on the availability of carrier substrate
d- Dependent on the route of administration
e- Directly proportional to membrane thickness
389-The vegetable oil and olive oil are completely miscible. Thus, the value of _____ is zero:
A) Work of cohesion of the vegetable oil
B) Work of adhesion between the vegetable oil and olive oil
C) The interfacial tension between the vegetable oil and olive oil
D) The surface tension of the vegetable oil
390-The angle that is formed between the surface of a solid and a drop of liquid is known as:
A) the adhesional angle.
B) the cohesional angle.
C) the adhesion tension.
D) the contact angle.
391-Which of the following results in a decrease in the interfacial tension between an aqueous solution
and an oil:
A) Acacia
B) Tween 20
C) Magnesium Hydroxide
D) All of the above
E) A & B only
392-When dropped on the surface of glass, persic oil form an angle with glass called:
A) interfacial angle.
B) surface angle.
C) plastic angle.
D) contact angle.
E) Solid/liquid angle.
393-The ability of a substance dissolves in a given solvent system is depends on
(a) Nature and intensity of the forces present in the solute
(b) Nature and intensity of the forces present in the solvent
(c) Interactions between solute and solvent
(d) All the above
394- The solubility of weak electrolytes & non-polar substances can be increased by adding water
miscible solvents. This process is known as
(a) Co-solvency
(b) Complexation
(c) Both
(d) None
395-How co-solvents increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs?
(a) By reducing the interfacial tension between the predominant aqueous solution and hydro-phobic
solute
(b) By reducing the interfacial tension between solute and solvent
(c) Both
(d) None
396-Which of the following co – solvents are used to increase the solubility of a drug
(a) Ethanol
(b) Sorbitol
(c) Glycerin
(d) All the above
397- Which of the following co – solvent is accepted as a co – solvent in parenteral products, but its use in
oral liquids is limited
(a) Glycerol formal
(b) Glycerol
(c) Dimethyl acetamide
(d) None
398- Due to which factor, dimethyl aceta-mide is not been used as a co-solvent in oral liquids
(a) Due to objectionable odor
(b) Due to objectionable taste
(c) Both
(d) None
399- Thiomersal is belongs to which category preservative
(a) Acidic
(b) Neutral
(c) Mercurial
(d) Quaternary ammonium compounds
400-The filling method of a pharmaceutical liquid depends on the following factors
(a) Viscosity of the liquid
(b) Surface tension of the liquid
(c) Compatibility with the materials used in the construction of the filling machine
(d) All the above
401-Which of the following are widely used and excellent preservatives
(a) Mercurial
(b) Quaternary ammonium compounds
(c) Both
(d) Acidic
402- Benzalkonium chloride is categorized as
(a) Acidic preservative
(b) Neutral preservative
(c) Mercurial preservative
(d) Quaternary ammonium compounds
403- At which concentration, phenol act as preservative
(a) 0.2 – 0.5
(b) 0.5 – 0.8
(c) 0.05 – 0.1
(d) None
404-Which of the following sugar has bitter taste
(a) Glucose
(b) Sucrose
(c) Saccharine
(d) None
405-Which of the following agents are used as flavoring agents
(a) Menthol
(b) Chloroform
(c) Both
(d) None
406- Most widely used flavoring agent in food industry
(a) Menthol
(b) Chloroform
(c) Mono sodium glutamate
(d) None
407-Which of the following flavor is not responsible for sour taste
(a) Citrus flavors
(b) Liquorice
(c) Raspberry
(d) Mint spice
408-To increase the viscosity of liquid, which of the following agents are used?
(a) PVP
(b) Methyl Cellulose
(c) Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose
(d) All the above
409-In the formulation of suspensions, generally which types of drugs are selected?
(a) Hydrophilic
(b) Hydrophobic
(c) Both
(d) None
410-Which of the following methods are generally used in liquid filling
(a) Gravimetric
(b) Volumetric
(c) Constant level method
(d) All the above
411-In the formulation, to facilitate the wetting of insoluble solids, which of the following agents used
(a) Suspending agents
(b) Flavoring agents
(c) Wetting agents
(d) None
412-How surfactants will facilitate or aid wetting of hydrophobic materials in liquid
(a) By decreasing the solid-liquid interfacial tension
(b) By increasing the solid-liquid interfacial tension
(c) Both
(d) None
413-The stability of suspensions can be evaluated by
(a) Sedimentation volume
(b) Degree of flocculation
(c) Re-dispersibility
(d) All
414-To identify the emulsion type, which of the following tests are conducted?
(a) Dilution test
(b) Dye test
(c) Conductivity test
(d) All
415-The temperature at which the inversion occurs depends on emulsifier concentration is known as
(a) Phage temperature
(b) Inversion temperature
(c) Phase inversion temperature
(d) All
416- Which of the following mechanical equipment can be used for emulsification?
(a) Homogenizers
(b) Mechanical stirrers
(c) Ultra sonifiers
(d) All
417-Which of the following is not used as an emulsifying agent?
(a) Surfactant
(b) Hydrophilic colloids
(c) Electrolytes
(d) Finely divided solids
418-Which of the following is not a semisolid dosage form
(a) Paste
(b) Creams
(c) Ointments
(d) Suspensions
419- Generally pastes contain
(a) High percentage of insoluble solids
(b) Low percentage of insoluble solids
(c) Both
(d) None
420- Most widely used hydrocarbon in semi-solid dosage forms
(a) Petrolatum
(b) Mineral oil
(c) Both
(d) None
421-Which of the following hydrocarbon waxes are employed in the manufacture of creams and
ointments?
(a) Paraffin wax
(b) Ceresin
(c) Both
(d) None
422-Which of the following is not a vegetable oil
(a) Peanut oil
(b) Almond oil
(c) Olive oil
(d) Petrolatum
423- Which of the following fatty acid used in water removable creams as emulsifier
(a) Stearic acid
(b) Palmitic acid
(c) Both
(d) None
424- Combination of a surfactant with oil-soluble auxiliary emulsifier is known as
(a) Simple emulsifier system
(b) Mixed emulsifier system
(c) Both
(d) None
425-Lanolin is which type of base
(a) Hydrocarbon base
(b) Absorption base
(c) Both
(d) None
426-Water number means
(a) Maximum amount of water that can be added to 100 g of a base at given temperature
(b) Maximum amount of water that can be added to 10 g of a base at given temperature
(c) Maximum amount of water that can be added to 5 g of a base at given temperature
(d) All
427-Jellies are generally
(a) Water-soluble bases
(b) Water-insoluble bases
(c) Both
(d) None
428-In the preparation of vanishing creams, which types of bases are used generally?
(a) Absorption bases
(b) Water removable bases
(c) Hydrocarbon bases
(d) None
429- In the preparation of cold creams, which types of bases are used generally?
(a) Absorption bases
(b) Water removable bases
(c) Hydrocarbon bases
(d) None
430- Water soluble bases are also known as
(a) Greasy ointment bases
(b) Greaseless ointment bases
(c) Both
(d) None
431-In pastes, the concentration of insoluble powder substances is
(a) 20%-50%
(b) 50%-100%
(c) 50%-75%
(d) None
432-The success or failure of a preservative in protecting a formulation against microbial spoilage
depends on
(a) Interaction between preservative with surfactant
(b) Interaction between preservative with active substances
(c) Sorption by packaging materials
(d) All the above
433-A suppository is generally intended for use in
(a) Rectum
(b) Vagina
(c) Urethra
(d) All the above
434- Vaginal suppositories also called as
(a) Pessaries
(b) Simple suppositories
(c) Bougies
(d) None
435- Weight of rectal suppository for adults is
(a) 1 g
(b) 2 g
(c) 5 g
(d) None
436- Weight of rectal suppository for children is
(a) 1 g
(b) 2 g
(c) 5 g
(d) None
437-Urethral suppositories also called as
(a) Pessaries
(b) Bougies
(c) Both
(d) None
438-Urethral suppositories having which shape
(a) Oviform shape
(b) Torpedo shape
(c) Pencil shape
(d) None
439-Weight of urethral suppository for males & females respectively
(a) 4 & 2
(b) 2 & 4
(c) 4 & 6
(d) 6 & 4
440-Shape of vaginal suppositories is
(a) Oviform shape
(b) Torpedo shape
(c) Pencil shape
(d) None
441-Which of the following method is used to manufacture suppositories
(a) Hand molding
(b) Compression molding
(c) Pour molding
(d) All the above
442- Which of the following is most commonly used suppository base
(a) Cocoa butter
(b) PEG 1000
(c) PEG + Hexanetriol
(d) None
443- Cocoa butter available in following forms
(a) α-form
(b) β-form
(c) γ-form
(d) All
444-Which of the following method is simple & oldest method of preparation of suppositories?
(a) Hand molding
(b) Compression molding
(c) Pour molding
(d) All the above
445-Suppositories are generally evaluated by
(a) Melting range test
(b) Breaking test
(c) Liquefaction
(d) All the above
446-Most commonly used method for producing suppositories on both a small & large scale is
(a) Hand molding
(b) Compression molding
(c) Pour molding
(d) All the above
447-Rancidity generally results from
(a) Auto oxidation
(b) Decomposition of unsaturated fats
(c) Both
(d) None
448-Which of the following is not antioxidant
(a) BHT
(b) BHA
(c) Tocopherol
(d) Theobroma oil
449-Suppositories are generally evaluated by
(a) Melting range test
(b) Breaking test
(c) Liquefaction
(d) All the above
450-Which of the following materials are used in pharmaceutical packaging?
(a) Glass
(b) Plastic
(c) Metal
(d) All the above
451- Which of the following packaging material protect the drug content against light
(a) Plastic containers
(b) Amber colored glass containers
(c) Both
(d) None
452-Major disadvantages of glass as a packing material are
(a) Fragility
(b) Weight
(c) Both
(d) None
453-Composition of glass is
(a) Sand
(b) Soda ash
(c) Lime stone & Cullet
(d) All the above
454-Soda ash also known as
(a) Pure silica
(b) Sodium carbonate
(c) Lime stone
(d) Calcium carbonate
455-Which of the following one is a broken glass & acts as fusion agent
(a) Cullet
(b) Soda ash
(c) Lime stone
(d) Sand
456-Which of the following methods are used in the production of glass
(a) Blowing
(b) Drawing
(c) Pressing & casting
(d) All the above
457-To produce molten glass, which of the following method is used
(a) Blowing
(b) Drawing
(c) Pressing
(d) Casting
458-To protect the contents of a bottle from the effects of sunlight by UV rays, which glass is used?
(a) Amber glass
(b) Red glass
(c) Both
(d) None
459-To evaluate the chemical resistance of glass, which of the following tests are conducted?
(a) Powder glass
(b) Water attack test
(c) Both
(d) None
460-Which of the following test is performed on crushed grains, to evaluate the chemical resistance of
glass?
(a) Powder glass
(b) Water attack test
(c) Both
(d) None
461- Which of the following test is performed on whole container?
(a) Powder glass
(b) Water attack test
(c) Both
(d) None
462- Type I glass is also known as
(a) Borosilicate glass
(b) Regular soda-lime glass
(c) Treated soda-lime glass
(d) None
463-The advantages of plastic containers over glass containers are
(a) Easy formation
(b) Resistance to breakage
(c) Freedom of design
(d) All the above
464-Plastic containers are generally made from the following material
(a) Polyethylene
(b) Polypropylene
(c) Polystyrene
(d) All the above
465- Which of the following ingredients are present in rubber stopper?
(a) Vulcanizing agent
(b) Softner
(c) Antioxidant
(d) All the above
466-Which of the following packaging systems are identified by the FDA?
(a) Blister pack
(b) Strip pack
(c) Bubble pack
(d) All the above
467-Which of the following packaging is commonly used for packaging of tablets & capsules?
(a) Blister pack
(b) Strip pack
(c) Both
(d) None
468-Which of the following materials offer moisture barrier properties?
(a) Aclar
(b) Cellophane
(c) Polyester
(d) All the above
469- Which of the following mechanism is responsible for release of encapsulated core materials?
(a) By disrupting the coating by pressure
(b) By offering permeability facilities
(c) By leaching of permanent fluid
(d) All the above
470- Pre - formulation studies mainly focus on
(a) Physical properties of new compound
(b) Chemical properties of new compound
(c) Physico-chemical properties of new compound
(d) None
471-Which of the following information is helpful in designing the pre-formulation evaluation of a new
drug?
(a) Structure of a compound
(b) Formula & molecular weight of a compound
(c) Therapeutic indication of a new compound
(d) All the above
472-Which of the following problems commonly encountered in evaluating salt forms are
(a) Poor crystallinity
(b) Hygroscopicity
(c) Instability
(d) All the above
473-Which of the following salts generally used in pharmaceutical products?
(a) Acetate
(b) Gluconate
(c) Lactate
(d) All the above
474-Description of the outer appearance of a crystal is known as
(a) Crystal habit
(b) Internal structure
(c) Both
(d) None
475-Which of the following techniques used to prepare amorphous forms?
(a) Rapid precipitation
(b) Lyophilization
(c) Rapid cooling
(d) All the above
476-Amorphous forms generally having
(a) Low thermodynamic energy & low solubility
(b) High thermodynamic energy & high solubility
(c) Both
(d) None
477- Which of the following compound possess high aqueous solubility’s?
(a) Hydrates
(b) Anhydrates
(c) Both
(d) None
478-Which of the following properties may change with changing of the internal structure of a solid?
(a) Melting point
(b) Density
(c) Optical properties
(d) All the above
479-Which of the following methods generally used for studying solid forms?
(a) DSC
(b) XRD
(c) TGA
(d) All the above
480-Which of the following methods generally used to measure heat loss or gain within a sample?
(a) DSC
(b) DTA
(c) Both
(d) None
481-Which of the following co-solvent can be used to increase the solubility of poor soluble drugs?
(a) Ethanol
(b) Propylene glycol
(c) Glycerin
(d) All the above
482-Partition co-efficient generally measures
(a) Drug’s lipophilicity
(b) Ability of drug to cross cell membrane
(c) Both
(d) None
483-Dissolution of a drug particle is described by
(a) Noyes-Whitney equation
(b) Stock’s equation
(c) Drag’s equation
(d) None
484-The effect of temperature on drug stability can be described by
(a) Noyes-Whitney equation
(b) Stock’s equation
(c) Arheneous equation
(d) None
485-Unequal distribution of color on a tablet, refers to
(a) Picking
(b) Mottling
(c) Capping
(d) Sticking
486-Which of the following one is responsible for sticking?
(a) Excessive moisture
(b) Low moisture
(c) Both
(d) None
487-Which of the following mixer is a first high shear powder blender/mixer
(a) Diosna mixer
(b) Littleford lodige mixer
(c) Plow mixer
(d) Gral mixer
488-If the dose of a drug is inadequate, then it generally requires the following one, to make up its bulk
(a) Binders
(b) Disintegrants
(c) Lubricants
(d) Diluents
489-The first and most widely used diluent in tablet formulation is
(a) Dextrose
(b) Lactose
(c) MCC
(d) Starch
490- Anhydrous lactose has the advantage over hydrous lactose
(a) Improved flow
(b) Absence of millard reaction
(c) Improved compressibility
(d) High microbial load
491-Which of the following is not a commercially available starch product?
(a) Sta-Rx 1500
(b) Celutab
(c) Emdex
(d) Sugar tab
492-Which of the following is a synthetic adhesive?
(a) PVP
(b) MC
(c) HPMC
(d) HPC
493-Which of the following is a water soluble lubricant?
(a) Stearic acid
(b) Mineral oil
(c) PEG
(d) Magnesium stearate
494-Aerosil is used as
(a) Glidant
(b) Lubricant
(c) Antiadherant
(d) None
495-What is the pH of duodenum?
(a) 2-3
(b) 7-8
(c) 4-6
(d) 10
496-Tablets, which are placed between cheek and teeth, are known as
(a) Buccal
(b) Sublingual
(c) Lozenges
(d) Troches
497-Which statement is not correct?
(a) Buccal routes avoids first pass metabolism
( b) Parenteral route avoids first pass metabolism
(c) Sublingual route avoids first pass metabolism
(d) Oral route avoids first pass metabolism
498- Enteric coating is achieved by using
(a) HPMC
(b) CMC
(c) CAP
(d) Povidine
499- The disintegration time for sugar coated tablets is
(a) 30 minutes
(b) 45 minutes
(c) 60 minutes
(d) 75 minutes
500-Flow rate of granules from the hopper can be improved by adding
(a) Disintegrant
(b) Glidant
(c) Binder
(d) Lubricant
501-In sugar coating of tablets, sub- coating is done
(a) To prevent moisture absorption
(b) To round the edge & build tablet size
(c) To smoothen the surface
(d) To prevent the tablet from breaking due to vibration
502-Sub coating is given to the tablets
(a) To increase the bulkiness
(b) To avoid deterioration due to microbial attack
(c) To prevent the solubility in acidic medium
(d) To avoid stickness
503-The following ingredients are commonly used as coating agents for film coating except
(a) CAP
(b) Carnauba wax
(c) HEC
(d) Sodium CMC
504-The courster process can be used to
(a) Coat tablets
(b) Determine the disintegration time
(c) Gas sterilize parenteral solution
(d) Automatic filling of capsules
505-Which of the following is the first process that must occur before a drug can become available for
absorption from a tablet dosage form?
(a) Dissolution of the drug in GI fluids
(b) Dissolution of the drug in epithelium
(c) Ionization of the drug
(d) Disintegration of the drug
506-Tablets are placed into coating chamber & hot air is introduced through the bottom of the chamber.
Coating solution is applied through an atomizing nozzle from the upper end of the chamber. This
technique is called
(a) Sealing before sugar coating
(b) Coating by air suspension
(c) Spray-pan coating
(d) Chamber coating
507-A synthetic sweetening agent which is approximately 200 times sweeter than sucrose & has no taste is
(a) Saccharin
(b) Aspartame
(c) Cyclamate
(d) Sorbitol
508-Shellac is used the purpose of coating tablets as
(a) Polishing agent
(b) Film coating agent
(c) Enteric coating agent
(d) Sub-coating agent for sugar coating
509-Dose dumping is a problem in the formulation of
(a) Compressed tab
(b) Suppository
(c) Soft gelatin capsules
(d) Controlled release drug products
510- Which of the following substance is used as muco adhesive
(a) Acacia
(b) Sodium CMC
(c) Burnt sugar
(d) Saccharin
511-In the preparation of multi layer tablets, one of the following is used for hydrophilic matrix coating
(a) Shellac
(b) CMC
(c) Stearyl alcohol
(d) Bees wax
512-The diameter of the mesh aperture in the I.P. disintegration apparatus is given below. Choose the
correct size
(a) 2 mm
(b) 4 mm
(c) 1mm
(d) 1.50 mm
513-Diclofenac tablet with CAP has been administered to a patient. Where do you expect the drug to be
released?
(a) Stomach
(b) Oral cavity
(c) Small intestine
(d) Liver
514-Which of the following flavor is used in a formulation containing sour taste?
(a) Wild cherry
(b) Vanilla
(c) Citrus
(d) Chocolate
515-Durability of a tablet to combined effects of shock & abrasion is evaluated by using
(a) Hardness tester
(b) Disintegration test apparatus
(c) Friabilator
(d) Screw guage
516-A retardant material that forms a hydrophilic matrix in the formulation of matrix tablets is
(a) HPMC
(b) CAP
(c) Polyethylene
(d) Carnauba wax
517- A water soluble substance used as coating material in micro encapsulation process is
(a) Polyethylene
(b) Silicone
(c) HEC
(d) Paraffin
518-One of the following is used as a pH dependant controlled release excipient
(a) Carnauba wax
(b) HPMCP
(c) MC
(d) Glyceryl mono stearate
519- In the tablet coating process, inadequate spreading of coating solution before drying causes
(a) Orange peel effect
(b) Sticking effect
(c) Blistering effect
(d) Picking effect
520-Crown thickness of a tablet is measured by
(a) Micrometer
(b) Pychnometer
(c) Hydrometer
(d) All the above
521-Friabilator is operated at
(a) 100 RPM
(b) 75 RPM
(c) 50 RPM
(d) 25 RPM
522-Enteric coated tablet disintegrate in ……hours in simulated intestinal fluid
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
523-In dissolution test, flask is maintained at
(a) 37oC ± 0.5oC
(b) 41oC ± 1oC
(c) 39oC ± 0.6oC
(d) 40oC ± 1oC
524-Capping is prevented by using one of the following punches
(a) Flat
(b) Circular
(c) Square
(d) Rectangular
525-Plating of punch faces are done by
(a) Chromium
(b) Zinc
(c) Iron
(d) All
526- Acacia trgacanth is used in the concentration of
(a) 10%-25 %
(b) 60%-70 %
(c) 40%-50 %
(d) 90%
527-Starch on heating hydrolyze into
(a) Glucose
(b) Fructose & Sorbose
(c) Fructose & Mannose
(d) Dextrin & Glucose
528-PH of the small intestine is
(a) 1-2
(b) 3-4
(c) 6
(d) 7-8
529-Aqua coat is a
(a) 30% w/v of ethyl cellulose dispersion
(b) Solution of HPMC
(c) 2% w/v of methyl cellulose dispersion
(d) None
530-Lozenges were originally named as
(a) Capsule
(b) ODT
(c) Pastillies
(d) Sustained axn tab
531-Seal coating is done by using
(a) Shellac
(b) Acacia
(c) Gelatin
(d) None
532-Sub coating is done to
(a) Round the edges
(b) Increase the bulk of tablet
(c) Both a & b
(d) Make water resistant
533-CAP dissolves at PH
(a) Above 6
(b) Below 6
(c) 4
(d) 2
534-Which of the following one is used as opacifier
(a) TiO2
(b) Mgo
(c) Siliactes
(d) All of the above
535-Green bone is a source of
(a) Type A Gelatin
(b) Type B Gelatin
(c) Both
(d) None
536-Empty capsule has moisture content in the range of
(a) 60%
(b) 12%-15 %
(c) 50%- 70%
(d) 30%
537-Which treatment is used for solubility of gelatin
(a) Heat
(b) Formalin
(c) Water
(d) Alcohol
537-Which of the following is used to fill powdered dry solid into soft gelatin capsule
(a) Aceo gel
(b) Rotobil
(c) Rotosort
(d) Rotoweigh
538-Sealing of capsule is achieved by
(a) 100oC
(b) 20oC
(c) 37oC-40oC
(d) 70oC
539-Moisture content is determined by
(a) Gas Chromatography
(b) K-F Method
(c) Both
(d) None
540-Foam stability is measured by
(a) IR Spectroscopy
(b) UV Spectroscopy
(c) Rotational viscometers
(d) All
541-Particle size is determined by
(a) Gas Chromatography
(b) Cascade impactor
(c) Light scatter decay
(d) Both b & c
542-Chewable tablet contains the following base
(a) Manitol
(b) Glucose
(c) Lactose
(d) None
543-Which of the following is not added in lozenges?
(a) Sweetener
(b) Binder
(c) Disintegrant
(d) All
544-Enteric coated tablet is disintegrated in
(a) Stomach
(b) Liver
(c) Intestine
(d) Mouth
545-Department of Transport Test (DOT) is performed for which of the following?
(a) Aerosols
(b) Glass containers
(c) Capsules
(d) None
546-Measurement of particle size in pharmaceutical aerosol is by
(A) Cascade impactor
(b) Light scatter decay
(c) K-F method
(d) IR
547-Identify the correct non-flammable propellant
(a) Trichloro monofluoro methane
(b) Dichloro monofluoro methane
(c) Di methyl ether
(d) Di fluoro methane
548-The dip tube in an aerosol container is made from one of the following
(a) Poly propylene
(b) Glass
(c) Al
(d) Stainless steel
549-Which one of the following device is used to increase the efficiency of drug delivery via aerosols?
(a) Tube spacers
(b) Metered valves
(c) Actuator
(d) Pressure valve
550-The first aerosol insecticide was developed by
(a) Good-hue & Sullivan
(b) Good-hue
(c) Sullivan
(d) Franklin
551-The first pharmaceutical aerosol was developed in the year of
(a) 1945
(b) 1949
(c) 1955
(d) 1960
552-Which drug is formulated as first pharmaceutical aerosol?
(a) Epinephrine
(b) Codeine
(c) Chloropromazine
(d) Probenecid
553-To dispense inhalation aerosols, which containers are used?
(a) Stain less steel containers
(b) Tin plate containers
(c) Glass containers
(d) Al containers
554-The valve body /housing in a aerosol bottle valve assembly, is made from one of the following
(a) Nylon
(b) Poly propylene
(c) Poly ethylene
(d) Stain less steel
555-Among the propellants used in aerosols, one of the following is used for topical pharmaceutical
aerosols
(a) Tri chloro monofluoro methane
(b) Di chloro difluoro methane
(c) Di chloro tetrafluoro ethane
(d) Propane
556-Which one of the following propellant is used in the aerosol for oral use
(a) Propane
(b) Oxygen
(c) Methane
(d) Trichloro monofluoro methane
557-The identification of propellants in pharmaceutical aerosols is carried out by
(a) Gas chromatography
(b) Pycnometer
(c) Tag open cup apparatus
(d) IR spectrophotometer
558-Aerosol packaging container must resist pressure of
(a) 500 psig
(b) 140-180 psig
(c) 40 psig
(d) 20 psig
559- Gasket is made up of
(a) Bure-N
(b) Neoprene rubber
(c) Both
(d) All
560-Manufacturing of aerosol involves
(a) Gas filling
(b) Pressure filling
(c) Compressed gas filling
(d) All the above
561-The nature of propellant is determined by
(a) R-F method
(b) Gas Chromatography
(c) UV
(d) None
562-Viscosity enhancer in ophthalmic preparation is
(a) Poly vinyl alcohol
(b) Povidone
(c) Dextran
(d) Macrogol
563- pH of human tear is
(a) 7.2
(b) 8
(c) 7.6
(d) 4.6
564- Opthalmic solution is sterilized by
(a) Autoclave
(b) Hot air oven
(c) Both
(d) Bacterial filters
565-Which of the following one is used to adjust the isotonicity
(a) Dextrose
(b) Boric acid
(c) NaCl
(d) All the above

29- Calculate the weight in grams of 1 mole sulphate in calcium sulphate(relative atomic mass of calcium
40.08; sulphur32.07; oxygen16.00):
A 48
B 64
C 96
D 136
E 144
1 mole sulphate is equivalent to 96 g (32.07 16-4).
31- The concentration of a solution of 120 mg of sodium hydroxide in250 mL water expressed as %w/v is:
A 0.000 2
B 0.02
C 0.05
D 0.5
E5
The solution consists of 0.12 g (120 mg) in 250 mL which in %w/v is 0.05%(0.12
100/250).

Pharmaceutics III Exam 3

Question Answer
The process by which we use the mortar and
What is trituration? pestle to decrease particle size and increase
surface area
What is dusting powder used for? Weeping skin conditions such as eczema
A combination of zinc oxide and ferric oxide;
What is calamine?
protectant, slightly astringent, slight antiseptic
What is zinc oxide? protectant, slightly astringent, slight antiseptic
What is red mercuric oxide? topical antiseptic
What is the most potent ingredient of the
red mercuric oxide
dusting powder preparation?
What is methyl salicylate? fragrance
What is heavy magnesium oxide? soothing vehicle
Which type of mortar is best used for
porcelain
trituration of powders? glass or porcelain
What test is performed to observe the
uniformity of particle size and distribution of spread test
ingredients?
Any part contained in a quantity a whole
Aliquot
number of times is a ___________ ?
Milk sugar Lactose
salt of lemon or sour salt citric acid
What is citric acid? flavor enhancer
What is another name for citric acid in
sour salt in milk sugar
lactose?
What is the least amount you can measure in a
1.5 mL
5 mL graduate?
What is the least amount you can measure in a
2.2 mL
10 mL graduate?
What is the least amount you can measure in a
5.9 mL
25 mL graduate?
What is the least amount you can measure in a
7.9 mL
50 mL graduate?
What is the least amount you can measure in a
10.5 mL
100 mL graduate?
What is the least amount you can measure in a
18.2 mL
250 mL graduate?
What is the least amount you can measure in a
33.2 mL
500 mL graduate?
What are clear, saturated aqueous solutions of
volatile oils, or other aromatic or volatile aromatic waters
substances also known as medicated waters?
to increase the surface area of the volatile
What is talc used for? substance, insuring more rapid saturation of the
water, also a filtering aid (increases solubility)
What is the use of cinnamon water? flavored vehicle
What is a solution? a homogeneous single-phase system
emergency in the event of a terror attack to
What is potassium iodide used for? prevent irradiated thyroid glands from eating
food exposed to radiation
as an expectorant, it liquefies lung secretions so
What is a former use of potassium iodide?
they can be coughed up; source of iodine
When KI is dissolved in hot water, is the
exothermic
reaction endothermic or exothermic?
What can you add to KI to enhance stability? sodium thiosulfate
How much does 1 mL of water weigh? 1 gram
What is boric acid? weak antiseptic
What is the % solution of boric acid that is
2.2 %
isotonic with eye fluids?
What is the solubility of boric acid in water
1 g in 18 mL of water; 1 g in 4 mL of hot water
and in hot water?
Which is more soluble? I3 or I2 I3
What is another name for strong iodine
Lugol's solution
solution?
Iodine is an excellent __________ ? antiseptic
What is the solubility of iodine in water? in 1 g in 3000 mL water; 1 g in 20 mL (this
the strong iodine solution preparation? preparation)
What can be used to purify drinking water? Iodine
How many mL are in 1 quart? 946 mL
What is the purpose of adding potassium
to increase solubility
iodide to iodine?
to treat achlorhydria (too little acid in the
What is diluted hydrochloric acid used for?
stomach)
Why must you use a glass straw when using it attacks the mucosa in the mouth and the
the diluted hydrocholoric acid? enamel of the teeth
When the acid is added to the water in the HCl
preparation, is the reaction endothermic or exothermic
exothermic?
How do you convert volume to weight? volume x specific gravity = weight
How do you convert weight to volume? weight / specific gravity = volume
What are other terms for hydrocholoric acid? muriatic acid, spirit of salt, chlorhydric acid
What is an alcoholic or hydroalcoholic
spirit
solution of a volatile substance?
What is the solubility of camphor in water? in
1 g in 80 mL of water1 g in 1 mL of alcohol
alcohol?
carminative (digestion aid), antipruritic,
What are the characteristics of camphor?
rubifacient
What is camphor used for? itching and fever blisters; has drying effect
What are the methods for preparing purified distillation, ion-exchange treatment, reverse
water? osmosis
What are methylparaben, propylparaben,
sodium benzoate, benzyl alcohol and sorbic preservatives
acid?
What is the least amount you can weigh out
20 mg
on the electronic balance?
What type of solution is the boric acid
super-saturated
solution?
the weight of a substance (g) / the volume
What is specific gravity?
occupied by the substance (mL)
How do you convert w/w to w/v? w/w x s.g. = w/v
How do you convert w/v to w/w? w/v / s.g. = w/w
What % w/w would boric acid solution be
5.26 % (1/19 x 100; 1 g in 18 mL of water)
saturated?
What % w/w is self-preservative for sugar? 65%
What is another term for syrup? simple syrup
What is the use of simple syrup? sweet liquid vehicle
heat promotes the hydrolysis of the dissaccharide
What occurs during inversion of sucrose? sucrose, producing dextrose and the invert
monosaccharide sugar levulose
sweeter and darker than sucrose, supports
What are characteristics of an inverted sugar?
fermentation, supports mold growth
What is the solubility of sucrose in cold
1 g in 0.5 mL cold water; 1 g in 0.2 mL hot water
water? in hot water (room temperature)?
What is the sucrose used for in the chocolate
sweetener
syrup?
What is liquid glucose and glycerin used for in
add viscosity and sweetness
the chocolate syrup?
What is sodium chloride used for in the
flavor enhancer
chocolate syrup?
What is sodium benzoate used for in the
preservative
chocolate syrup?
Is the chocolate syrup a true syrup? NO, it is a suspension
How many mEq NaCl are contained in 1 tbsp.
0.513
of chocolate syrup?
What is chloral hydrate? a schedule IV drug used to induce sleep
At 250 mg t.i.d., chloral hydrate is a
sedative, hypnotic
________, at 500 mg h.s., it is a _________ .
What is the solubility of chloral hydrtate in
1 g in 0.25 mL
water?
Can you use heat during the chloral hydrate
NO, chloral hydrate is volatile
solution preparation?
What effect does alcohol have on chloral
they potentiate each other's effects
hydrate?
What is the use of sorbitol 70% solution in the
add sweetness and viscosity
chloral hydrate solution?
What is the use of liquid glucose in the chloral
add sweetness and viscosity
hydrate solution?
What is the use of peppermint water in the
flavored vehicle
chloral hydrate solution?
Which is sweeter? liquid glucose or sorbitol
liquid glucose
solution or syrup
What is belladonna used for? relax smooth muscles and reduce secretions
What is another term for belladonna? deadly nightshade
What is the main ingredient in belladonna? atropine
alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared
What are tinctures?
from vegetable and chemical substances
clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic liquids intended
What are elixirs?
for oral use
What is a synonym for spirit? essence
What are the toxic ingredients in the
boric acid and chlorothymol
mouthwash solution?
What is the mouthwash used for? gargle and antiseptic; should not be taken orally
What is the use of boric acid in the
weak antiseptic
mouthwash?
What is the use of thymol in the mouthwash? antifungal, antibacterial
What is the use of chlorothymol in the antibacterial
mouthwash?
What is the use of menthol in the mouthwash? relieves local irritation and congestion, soothing
What is the use of eucalyptol in the antiseptic for inflammation of the nose, throat
mouthwash? and skin
What is the use of thyme oil in the
deodorant/antiseptic
mouthwash?
What is the use of alcohol in the mouthwash? solubilizer/antiseptic
What is the use of the hypotonic nasal
relieves irritation and dryness in the nasal tissues
solution?
What would a hypertonic nasal solution do? remove moisture from the tissue
What is the half-strength of normal saline? 0.45%
What is the sodium chloride equivalent of
0.76
potassium chloride?
NSAID used in the treatment of fibromyalgia
What is ketoprofen used for?
and other types of musculoskeletal pain
What is carbopol 934P used for in the gelling agent for internal and external use; helps
ketoprogen gel? move ingredients through the skin; 924 is MW
What will occur is carbopol 934 is exposed to decrease the viscosity; adding EDTA will help
light? prevent this reduction
What is triethanolamine used for in the
to raise the pH of the preparation to form the gel
ketoprogen gel?
What is benzocaine? local anesthetic
Why do we not use water in the benzocaine
benzocaine would precipitate out of the solution
drops preparation?
What is the solubility of benzocaine in
1 g in 5 mL of alcohol; 1 g in 2500 mL of water
alcohol? in water?
What is the use of oil of clove in the
germicide and obtundant (dull) for dental pain
benzocaine drops?
What is the use of alcohol in the benzocaine
dissolves the benzocaine
drops?
What is the use of glycerin in the benzocaine vehicle to make the preparation thicker to remain
drops? on the gums
What type of emulsion is the mineral oil? oil in water
What is the dispersed phase of the mineral oil? heavy liquid petrolatum
Why don't we use light liquid petrolatum? causes rectal leakage
What is mineral oil emulsion used for? lubricating laxative
What is the emulsifying agent in the mineral
acacia
oil emulsion?
What is the syrup used for in the mineral oil
sweetening agent
emulsion?
What is the vanillin used for in the mineral oil flavoring agent that is in the aquesous or external
emulsion? phase
What is the use of alcohol in the mineral oil
preservative
emulsion?
What is it called when the acacia is mixed
dry gum or continental method
with the oil?
What is called when the acacia is first mixed
wet gum or english method
with the water?
What is the optimum ratio of oil:water:acacia? 4:2:1
the oil rises to the top of the preparation but
What is creaming?
shaking disperses the oil throughout the emulsion
the oil has experienced too much separation and
What is .ing? shaking the preparation does not restore the
dispersion
What instructions should all emulsions bear? shake well before using
What happens if the patient uses too much of they may suffer a deficiency of fat soluble
the lubricating laxatibe? vitamins - A, D, E, K
What type of emulsion is the olive oil? water in oil
What is zinc oxide used for in the olive oil
protectant, weak antiseptic and weak astringent
emulsion?
What is the emulsifying agent in the olive oil
calcium oleate
emulsion?
Where does the calcium oleate come from in
olive oil and lime water
the olive oil emulsion?
What can you add if the emulsion does to
oleic acid
form readily or is too thin?
In the olive oil emulsion, why is a thick paste
to mix thoroughly, reduce particle size and
formed first as dry ingredients are
remove air
incorporated into the vehicle?
What is pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO)
transdermal gel vehicle
used for?
What is the propylene glycol used for in the
wetting agent
ketoprofen gel?
What is the use of lecithin/isopropyl palmitate
oily phase, enhances absorption
liquid in the ketoprofen gel?
aqueous phase; it is a reversal thermal gel that
What is the poloxamer 407 gel used for in the
becomes thicker as it warms, it is sold at room
ketoprofen gel?
temperature and liquid at cold temperatures
What ratio should you use poloxamer 407 in? 4:1 - 4 parts aqueous phase to 1 part oily phase
What is lecithin derived from? soy
non-ionic block copolymers of oxyethylene and
What are poloxamers?
oxypropylene
Polyoxyethylene is _________ and
hydrophilic, lipophilic
polyoxypropylene is __________ .
What % gel of the poloxamer makes a good
5-10%
protective film for wounds and burns?
What is the kaolin mixture with pectin used
upset stomach
for?
Carbohydrate polymer derived from plants
pectin
thats hydrates slowly with water
insoluble colloidal clay mined in georgie;
What is kaolin? adsorbent - absorbs toxins and offending agents
onto its surface
soothing demulcent - coats the lining of the
What is pectin?
stomach; used internally and externally
What is the use of tragacanth in the kaolin
suspending agent
mixture?
What is the use of sodium saccharin in the
sweetener or flavor enhancer
kaolin mixture?
What is the use of glycerin in the kaolin wetting agent or levigating agent for the solid
mixture? ingredients that are incorportated in the base
What is the use of benzoic acid in the kaolin
preservative, antimicrobial
mixture?
What is the use of water in the kaolin
used to disperse the pectin and as a vehicle
mixture?
Why are the powders initially wet with to make them mix easily with other ingredients,
glycerin in the kaolin mixture? reduce particle size and displace air
What happens if you wet hydrophilic agents they clump, use glycerin instead because they are
with water? not soluble in it
What is the white lotion preparation used for? acne
What is unique about white lotion? it is a suspension that exhibits flocculation
What is the flocculating agent in the white
potassium sulfate
lotion?
Is white lotion a stable preparation? NO - decomposes on exposure to air
What is the zinc sulfate used for in the white
reacts to form the active ingredient
lotion?
What is the sulfurated potash used for in the not a true chemical, but a mixture of sulfur and
white lotion? potassium salts that react to form the active
ingredient
What is the use of potassium sulfate in the flocculating agent that prevents caking of zinc
white lotion? sulfide, sulfur, etc.
What is the active ingredient in the white
elemental sulfur
lotion?
What is the use of purified water in the white
vehicle
lotion?
What type of fragrance do you use in the
aqueous, not oily (won't mix)
white lotion?
What type of patients are gummy gel troches
children and geriatrics
useful for?
What is the use of glycerin in the benzocaine
base component, vehicle
troches?
What is the use of gelatin in the benzocaine base component (base is not sugar, it is gummy
troches? gel), vehicle
What is the use of purified water in the
base component, vehicle
benzocaine troches?
aids in uniformly suspending the active
What is the use of bentonite in the benzocaine
ingredient throughout the preparation (silica gel
troches?
can also be used)
What is the use of acacia in the benzocaine
adds smoothness to the preparation
troches?
What is the use of citric acid in the benzocaine
adds tartness to enhance the flavor
troches?
Why do we use Pharmagel A instead of
it is more acidic
Pharmagel B?
What is a synonym for zinc oxide and
Lassar's Paste
salicylic acid paste?
What is Lassar's Paste used for? to treat skin that is rough, tough, itchy, etc.
What is a synonym for zinc oxide paste? Lassar's Plain Zinc Paste
What is the function of salicylic acid in keratolytic, slightly antifungal, slightly
Lassar's Paste? antibacterial (keratolytic - removes keratin)
What is the use of starch in Lassar's Paste? filler
What is the use of white petrolatum in
base
Lassar's Paste?
What is the Rose Water Ointment (cold
to moisturize and cleanse the skin
cream) used for?
What type of ointment is the rose water
w/o
ointment?
What is the emulsifying agent in the rose
cerotic acid (in white wax)
water ointment?
What is the cetyl esters wax or synthetic
spermaceti used for in the rose water hardening agent
ointment?
What is the use of light liquid petrolatum in
renders the cetyl esters wax more pliable (softer)
the rose water ointment?
What is the use of white wax in the rose water source or cerotic acid, the emulsifying agent;
ointment? white wax is also a hardening agent
What is the use of almond oil in the rose water
oily part of the emulsion or oil phase
ointment?
furnishes the sodium ion to react with cerotic
What is the use of sodium borate in the rose
acid to create the emulsifying agent, sodium
water ointment?
cerotate
What is the use of stronger rose water in the
fragrance
rose water ointment?
What is the use of purified water in the rose
dispersed phase
water ointment?
Why must the ingredients be at 70 degrees
it allows the emulsifying agent to form
Celsius in the rose water ointment?
What type of emulsion is the salicylic acid
oil in water
sulfur ointment?
What is the salicylic acid sulfur ointment
fungus infections
(man perfume) used to treat?
Is the salicylic acid sulfur ointment hyrdophilic - water miscible, non-occlusive,
hydrophilic or hydrophobic? water washable
What is the use of sulfur in the man perfume? antibacterial, antifungal, slightly keratolytic
If not specified, what form of sulfure do we
precipitated sulfur (not sublime)
use?
What should the temperature of the cocoa
34-35 degrees Celsius
butter be when you are melting it?
How should cocoa butter suppositories be
in a refrigerator
stored?
Cocoa butter is a(n) ____________. emollient
Theobroma oil is polymorphic. Gamma melts
at ___, alpha melts at ___, beta prime melts at 18, 22, 28, 34.5 degrees Celsius
___ and beta melts at ___.
What is the natural and stable form of
beta form
theobroma oil?
What can decrease the melting point of certain drugs, such as chloral hydrate
theobroma oil?
What is cocoa butter suppositories with tannic
to treat hemorrhoids
acid used for?
What is tannic acid? astringent
What is pyrilamine maleate? antihistamine with antiemetic properties
sedative that treats GI distress, controlled
What is pentobarbital sodium? substance (oral/parenteral are schedule 2, supp.
are schedule 3)
What are the suppositories with pyrilamine
anti-nausea
maleate and pentobarbital sodium used for?
What is coal tar? local irritant for very resistant skin conditions
What is zinc oxide? protectant, slight astringent, slightly antiseptic
levigating agent for coal tar that helps the
What is Span 20?
ingredients mix well
What is the name for liquid coal tar? Pix Carbonis
to decrease epidermal synthesis of DNA and
What is the primary action of coal tar? hence, to suppress hyperplasia (excess cell
growth)
T or F: you can substitute the coal tar solution
False
for the pure stuff
T or F: Carbowax is non-water washable and False, Carbowax is water washable and non-
non-staining staining
oxidizing agent, mild antibacterial, moderate
What is benzoyl peroxide?
keratolytic, mild irritant, antiseborrheic
How much water does benzoyl peroxide
about 26%
contain?
What is sulfur? parasiticide, fungicide, mild keratolytic
Why is precipitated sulfur normally used? small particle size and greater activity
What is another name for precipitated sulfur? milk of sulfur
What is another name for sublimed sulfur? flowers of sulfur
What is another name for sulfurated potash? liver of sulfur
What is a trade name for PEG? carbowax
What happens when you mix camphor, phenol
form a eutectic mixture
and menthol?
What happens when phenol comes in contact
burns
with the skin?
What is the use of lactose in the tablet
filler
triturate?
What is the use of sucrose in the tablet
binder
triturate?
Powder papers are also referred to as ______ charts
What are the powder papers we made in lab aches, pain, fever, runny nose, colic, GI cramps,
used for? symptoms caused by histamine
antispasmotic, relaxes smooth muscles, reduces
What is belladonna extract?
secretions
What is pyribenzamine? antihistamine
What is the generic name for pyribenzamine? tripelennamine HCl
What is the use of glycerin? thickening agent
germicide, local anesthetic, caustic in
What is phenol? concentrated form but not in weak form, allays
itching, antiseptic
What is lime water? emulsifying agent
What is olive oil? emulsifying agent
Why do we substitute lime water for purified lime water will form an insoluble calcium borate
water before mixing with boric acid? with boric acid and prevent emulsion formation
HLB 1-10 are ________ and HLB 11 and
lipophilic, hydrophilic
above are ________
What is chlorpheniramine? antihistamine
What is methylcellulose 3350? thickening or suspending agent
What is veegum? thickening or suspending agent
What is procainamide HCl? antiarrhythmic agent
What is sorbitol 70%? adds body
sweetener for diabetics (a glycoside that doesn't
What is stevia?
affect sugar metabolism)
What is the abbreviation for isoniazid? INH
most potent and selective agent of the TB class;
What is isoniazid? cidal for growing bacteria, enters all body fluids
and CSF, never used alone
What is isoniazid normally used with? rifampin and/or pyrazinamide
What does isoniazid compete with? B6 binding site (pyridoxine)
What is the normal dose for isoniazid? 300 mg/day
What is the most toxic NSAID? indomethacin
What is indomethacin used for? arthritis
What is the solubility of indomethacin in
1 g in 50 mL alcohol; insoluble in water
alcohol? in water?
What is a trade name for methylcellulose? methocel
What can the animal hair moisturizer also be
dry, flaky skin; softens skin
used to treat?
aqueous, non-occlusive, non-greasy, water
Characteristics of hydrophilic ointment?
washable and miscible, o/w emulsion
What is the emulsifier in hydrophilic
sodium lauryl sulfate
ointment?
occlusive, greasy, non-water washable; contains
Characteristics of hydrophilic petrolatum?
no water
Should use fragrance compatible with which
external
phase?
What is morphine? analgesic, antitussive, antiperistaltic
What schedule is morphine? schedule II
What is the solubility of morphine? 1 g / 16 mL water
cherry flavored sweetened vehicle (no sugar or
What is roxanne diluent?
alcohol)

Item Answer
density of water? 0.997 g /ml
How is %W/W converted to
(%W/W) * (density of solution)
%W/V
What is molality? (mol solute) / (kg solution)
How is molarity converted to (Molarity) * (MW) * (Density of solution) * (convert g to kg) =
molality? (g/L) * (mol/g) * (L/g) * (g/kg)
Very Soluble less than 1ml / g
Freely Soluble 1-10ml /g
Soluble 10-30ml /g
Sparingly Soluble 30-100ml /g
Slightly Soluble 100-1000ml /g
Very Slightly Soluble 1000-10000ml /g
Practically insoluble greater than 10000ml /g

Question Answer
reactants -dc/dt
products dc/dt
general rate equation -dc/dt=kC^n
zero rate equation Co-Cf=kt
first order ln Cf/Co=kt
second order (1/Cf)-(1/Co)=kt
Arrhenius 1 ln K1 = ln A -Ea/RT
Arrhenius 2 ln K2/K1=Ea/R*(1/T2-1/T1)
Newton's law of flow 1 F'/A=n(dv/dr)
Newton's law of flow 2 n=F/G
Fluidity o=1/n
kinematic viscosity kv=n/p
Mechanism of
Physical, Chemical, Microbiological
Degradation
Chemical Isomeration, Hydrolysis, Oxidation, Photolysis, Epimerization
Hydrolysis most important cause of drug degradation
Solvolysis cosolvents involved; under hydrolysis
hydrolysis ex. ester, salt, amide, lactone, lactam
factors hydrolysis Temp., pH, Water content
tight containers, ph adj., non water soluble drugs, replace/reduce
minimize hydrolysis
water content, lyophilization, refridgerate
+O, -e, -H+ (gaine electronegative radicals, lose electro positive or
oxidation
electron)
Auto-oxidation Complex reaction via free radical mechanism
free radical highly unstable, highly reactive, one/more unpaired electrons
free radical trace amounts heavy metals, peroxides, atmostpheric oxygen
free radical steps intiation, propagation, termination
initiation R-R -> R + R
Propagation R +O2 ->ROO ROO + R-R ->ROOR + R
Termination R + R -> RR or R+ROO ->ROOR
factors affecting oxidation Concentration, Radiation, Temperature, Catalysts, PH
Minimize oxidation antioxidents
antioxidents negative catalysts, prevent via free radicals (oxidized pref.)
Oxidation Aq. examples Sulfites/Sulfates
Oxidation Oil Examples BHA, BHT
Synergists increast activity of antioxidants
Synergists Ex. EDTA derivatives, Citric
photolysis UV, IR, visibile degradation
amber bottle UV protection
Racemization l to d and vice versa
Polymorphism different solubility, dissolution rate, melting point
rate of reaction rate, velocity, speed of reaction over time
rate of chemic reaction proportional to product of molar
law of mass action
concentration of reactants ^power=molecules
total number of molecules, atoms, or ions reacting in an elementary
molecularity of reaction
process
molecularity importance not much
Order of reaction sum of exponents
calculate reaction order hard unless experimentally determined
half life 1/2 gone
shelf life 10% gone
order can be... 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, etc.
zero order independence reactant concentration
zero order constant rate
units zero order mole/L/time (M/time)
first order reaction rate of drug loss=remaining drug concentration
first order reaction rate not constant
first order units time-1
second order units liter/mole/time (M-1 time -1)
pseudo order apparent order reaction; one more than other to no effect rate
Arrhenius does describe collision theory of effect of temperature on reaction rates
increase rate of chemical degradation or physical change-exaggerated
AST
storage conditions
stress testing under more severe conditions that AST
meter-dosed inhalers, creams, emulsions, regrigerated aqueous liquid
stress testing tests
products
interface boundary between 2 or more hertogeneous systems
liquid surface liquid-gas
solid surface solid-gas
surface tension force/unit length, parallel to surface
surface tension units dynes/cm or Newton/meter
surface free energy excess of potential energy in surface molecules
f force applied
L length of film
surface tension B surface free energy change/unit area increase
surface tension C work required to create new interface
Surface free energey erg (dye-cm) or Joule (Newton-Meter)
1 Newton 10^5 dynes
1 Joule 10^7 ergs
adsorption added molecules partitioned to interface (positive)
negative adsorption materials are partitioned in favor of bulk
surface active
amphiphilic; reduce interfacial energy
agents/surfactants
adsorbent adsorb other molecules
adsorbate item adsorbed
physical adsorption van der waals, reversible (desorption)
chemisorption irreversible, chemical bonds
study of flows of liquids; deformation of solids; viscosity of powders,
Rhelogy
fluids, semisolids
viscosity resistance to flow in fluids (heterogeneous solutions-no describe)
newtonion flow system follows newtonian flow
non-newtonian flow
does not follow newtonian flow
system
shearing stress F`/A=F
Rate of Shear n(dv/dr)=G
viscous unitys g/cm/sec or poise
poise shearing force required to produce velocity 1 cm/second
fluidity reciprocal of viscosity
kinematic viscosity stroke
newtonian systems constant viscosity, regardless of shear rate applied
newtonian systems ex. simple solutions
plastic flow aka bingham bodies
plastic flow yield value
plastic flow ex. flocculated concetrated suspensions
no yield, flow incresases, visc decresases with increasing rate of
pseudoplastic flow
shear
shear thinning system decreased viscousness, increase rate of shear
pseudoplastic ex. polymer dispersions and unknown flocculated suspensions
Dilatant flow no yield value, shear thickening system,
shear thickening system as viscous increases, so does rate of shear, flow decreases
dilatant flow ex. deflocullated particals and high conc. suspension
thixotropy plastic/pseudoplastic; back up liquid
antithixotropy (negative
down more viscous
thixotropy)
water soluble form drugs can not pass through lipid membranes
lipid-water partition
nonpolar (membrane)/aq. buffer (plasma) ph_7.4
coefficient
inc. polarity, inc. ionization, decrease P.C
dec. polarity dec. ionization, increase P.C
sub/buccal good rapid absorption, drug stavility, avoid first pass
sub/buccal bad incovenient, small doses, unpleasent taste of some drugs
oral good convenient, systemic absorption, economical
variable absorption, slow onset, innefficient, irritation (Gastric
oral bad mucosa-N/V), destruction, too slow for ER, unpleasant tate, no
unconciuos, first pass via portal vien
unconcious, N/V, no first pass, easy terminate, absorption variable,
rectal-good & bad
lax.
100% bioavailable, precise, pain free, large doses, (higher concent.
IV
attarined rapidly, embolism, difficult to withdraw)
IM rapid for aq., slow for oil (depot therapy), pain, 5mL max
SC slow, limited by blood flow, vasoconstrict slow, 2mL max
inhalation gaseous, volitale, rapid access
topical dermal local, transermal, no first pass,
disease (local, systemic, rapid, slow), age, physico-chemical
choice ROA
characterisitics (solubility, stablity), Pharmacokinetics (KADME)
compliance, bioavailability, enteral, nursing home patients,
solution good
administration, less dose variation, avoid irritation
measure dose, least stable, preservation required, poor soluble, light
solution bad
sensitive, bulky, not easy transportable, expensive to make
purified water <0.001% residue
purified water methods distillation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis
94.9%-96 v/v; alcohol and water soluble; >15% antimicrobial, toxic
alcohol USP
effects in children
diluted alcohol USP mix equal water and alcohol; 3% shrinkage
70%v/v, ehtyl alcohol, denaturant, color, perfume, oils, stabilizers,
rubbing alcohol
rubefacient, soothing rub, germicide, skin cleanser, vehicle
70% v/v, NO denatureant, rubefacient, soothing rub, vehicle,
isopropyl alchol
disinfect skin (no germicide)
sweet syrup, miscible liquid and alcohol, high viscous, drug slowly
Glycerin USP
dissolve, preservative, stabilizer
 Propylen Glycol (w/ water and alcohol), viscous liquid, fixed oil
Polyhydric alcohols
vegetiable origins
acid preservatives methyl paraben, propyl paraben
low mw carbs, colorless, highly soluble, increase viscous, pleasent
sucrose texture, ph 4-8, with sorbitol, glycerin, polyols (prevent
recystalize/caplock)
viscous liquid, dextrose, dextrings, maltose, partial hydrolysis of
liquid glucose
starch
liquid glucose is aka corn syrup, glucose syrup, starch syrup
saccharin sodium and calcium salts, supplement sugars and polyols or alone
sacchrin 250-500X sweet but bitter aftertaste, stable over wide PH,
aspartame 200X sweet than sucrose, no aftertaste, nutritive value
viscous enhancer improve palatability, modify pourability
viscous enhance ex. sucrose providone, cellulose
flavors menthol, chloroform, MSG
enhance flavors, reduce metallic tase, bitter taste, aftertaste, no
MSG
pediatrics
Menthol, chloroform desensitize taste bud
oral solution mild volume depletion, Na, K, Cl, citrate, dextrose
oral solution examples pedialyte, ricelyte, rehydrate
oral colonic lavage PEG
PEG osmotic agent
balanced electrolye
no net change of electrolytes or water
concentration
oral colonic lavage
colyte, trilye, golytely
example
mg citrate saline cathartic
na citrate systemic alkalinizer
mouthwashes/gargles antiseptice, analgesics, deodorant, astringents
mouthwash ex. listerine, peridex, isodine
syrups 85% sugar, fully preserved, vehicle, sweetening agent,
hydroalcoholic, Glycerine propylene glycol (adj. solvents), less sweet
elixiers and viscous than syrups, pref. over syrup manu., heat and light
protect
alcholic and hyrdoalcoholic from VEGETABLE materials, 15-80%
tinctures
alcohol, self-preserving, light resitant, air-tight containers
aromatic waters aq. solution, sat. volatile or aromatic compounds, "oils"
spirits alcoholic, hydroalcoholic solution, oral and topic, camphor spirit
burows solution AQ, aluminim acetate, wet dressing, dermatologil, tablets and packets
peroxide AQ, 2.5-3.5%; local anti-infective, solution degrades light and heat
AQ, 4% solution, skin wound and general skin cleanser, pre-op skin
Chlorhexidine gluconate
prep; broad spectrum antiseptic
AQ; providine-iodine, ioding with PVP, 10% available iodine,
Betadine solution
surgical scrub, non-irritating antiseptic solution
compound benzoin NAQ, 10%benzoin, skin protecant, inhalent, vehicle for podophyllum
tincture delivery, tight light resistant containers
NAQ, alcoholic, oligenous olution, counterirritant, rubefacient,
liniments
oil=massage; tight container
NAQ; 4% pyroxylin; 3:1 ether:alcohol; flammible, occlusive
collodions
protective coating on skin; protec light and temp., well closed
topical, 2% camphor, 3% castor oil, camphor-waterproof, castor oil-
Flexible collodion
flexible
salicyclic acid colloidion topical, 10% salicyclic acid; keratolytic, white petroleum to protect

Collected by: MUHAMMAD MAJID KHAN (Rph)

GCUF
[email protected]