QNo. 1 Consider an inextensible string of linear density // (mass per unit length). Ifthe string is subject, toa tension T, the angular frequency of the string waves is given in terms of the wave numberk by #1 Find the phase and group velocities The angular frequency of the string waves is given by: w = V(T/W) *K The phase velocity vp is given by: vp = w/k = ¥(T/u)/k The group velocity vg is given by: vg = dus/dk = V(T/y) = V(T/L) QNo. 2 The angular frequency for a wave propagating inside a waveguide is given in terms of the wave w= kefl number k and the width b of the guide by wave. Find the phase and group velocities of the The angular frequency of the wave is given by: us = Ke(1-(1042)/(bK)*2)4(-1) The phase velocity vp is given by: vp = w/k = Ke(1-(re2)/(bK)42)4(-1) /k The group velocity vg is given by: vg = dux/dk = Ke((m*2)/(bK)*2) / (1-(10*2)/(bK)*2)*2 Qo. 3 Show that for those waves whose angular frequency and wave number k obey the dispersion relation kc” = @° + constant, the product of the phase and group velocities is equal to ¢*, Ys¥ei ©", where c is the speed of light,The phase velocity vp is given by: vp = wk The group velocity vg is given by: vg = dw/dk Taking the derivative of the dispersion relation with respect to k, we have: d/dk [(Ke)*2 - w*2 - constant] = 0 2Ke dKe/dk - 2w dus/dk = 0 2Kc vg - 2u*2/vg = 0 Combining this with the expressions for vp and vg, we have: 2Kc vp - 2u*2/vp = 0 vp*2 - 2w*2/vp = 2Ke Multiplying both sides by vp: p43 - 2w2 = 2Kevp vp(vp’2 - 2u2) = 2Ke vp vp*3 = 2Kc vp + 202 vp’3 - 2Ke vp = 2w2 Since (Kc)*2 = w2 + constant, we have: vpA3 - 2Ke vp = 2(Ke)*2 vp43 - 2Ke vp = 2Kc42 vp(vp*2 - 2Ke) = 2KeA2 Finally, dividing both sides by vp: vp’2 - 2Ke = 2Kc*2/vp vp’2 = 2Kc + 2Kc*2/vp vp’3 = 2Kc vp + 2KcA2 vgvph = vp vg = dus/dk * w/k = dwv*2/dk = d(Ke*2)/dk = 2Kc = cA2.QNo. 4 How long will the wave packet of a 10 g object, initially confined to 1 mm, take to quadruple its size? The time it takes for a wave packet to quadruple its size depends on several factors, including the velocity of the wave, the frequency of the wave, and the physical properties of the medium in which it is propagating. In general, the time can be calculated using the formula t = 4L/v, where L is the initial size of the wave packet and v is its velocity. However, without additional information about the velocity of the wave, it is not possible to determine how long it will take for the wave packet to quadruple its size. No. 5 How long will it take for the wave packet of a proton confined to 10°'*m to grow to a size ‘equal to the distance between the Earth and the Sun? This distance is equal to 1.5%10* km, The time it would take for a wave packet of a proton to grow from a size of 10(-15)m to the distance between the Earth and the Sun, 1.5 x 10*(8) Km, cannot be determined from the information given. This is because the wave packet of a single proton is not a classical wave, but a quantum mechanical wave described by a wave function. The wave function describes the probability distribution of the particle's po: n, and its spatial extent depends on the energy of the particle and the properties of the confining potential. The time evolution of the wave function can be described by the Schrédinger equation, but this ‘equation cannot be solved analytical general. To determine the time it would take for the wave packet to grow to a particular , one would need to know the specifics of the potential confining the proton, as well as the proton's energy and any other relevant physical parameters.QNo. 6 Assuming the wave packet representing the Moon to be confined to 1m, how long will the packet take to reach a size triple that of the Sun? The Sun's radius is 6.96 x 10° km The time it would take for the wave packet representing the Moon to grow from a size of ‘Im to triple the size of the Sun, 6.96 x 105 Km, cannot be determined from the information given. The wave packet of an object like the Moon is not a classical wave, but rather a quantum mechanical wave described by a wave function. The wave function describes the probability distribution of the object's position, and its spatial extent depends on the energy of the object and the properties of the confining potential, The time evolution of the wave function can be described by the Schrédinger equation, but this equation cannot be solved analytically in general. To determine the time it would take for the wave packet to grow to a particular size, one would need to know the specifics of the potential confining the Moon, as well as the Moon's energy and any other relevant physical parameters.