Applied Linear Algebra

Final (30112(2C)
Th Queng Khuong men soon tang

~hum
egkhning
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Anyu
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Mayor
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88 Moon 88 M Thao
1. CLy'thuye ]
2. v

3. ·

4. W

Quan what: (Math.odu

trong RREF
edu)
Dang 3, 4:

R, t-R, +
6R3
~hum
Rat
Rzt( 4)R, -
3R, +

+
R2
R3
egkhiong

25 O 20 58 R1 =1/5 R,

8 CO 4 -
20 Rot 14 Re

O -

25 25
-5 Rzt -/5 Rs

5 8 4 1 O R, 1/5R,
=

O j I -

5 Do =
1/5 Ra

g 5 I 5 Rs =
Rc Rs
-

I 8 4/5 2

8 I 15 -

O 8 O g

livot column

Rank (A)
=> =
2
 I:
Basis of A.

~hum
We solve for A 0 EC 4/5x3 2xy 0
egkhiong

h
+ +
=
x =

x + 15x3 -

x4 0
=

Jg = t
The variable
=.
x4

4/5t as
-

x,
-

L=

Y
=

x jt + S
-

xs t
=

xc S
=

x/
-

4/5 -
2
=

115
-

x2 I
I
t t S
I O
x3

O I
04

m((A) 4/5t as

d ,
rl(A)
-

A
-

= basis
of =

5+ + S
-

S
 R, + ( C) R2
-

Rc + 1 -C)R/

Rz + ( 1)R+
-

Rx + ( 3)R,
-

3R,
-

3 8 O -
3 O

0 3 /3RC
-

3 -0 -

02 1 12 RS
0 -

0-3 -
60 -

3 Ra-R4

I 00 18

O I 201
O I - 8 -/2 2 Rs + Ra

8 O 00 O

I 00 1 8

0128 I ~hum
8 Y3Rs
egkhiong
0300
000 0 O

I 00 g

0128 I
Re(> N3
0100 8

8 O 00 o

I 8 O I g

0100 8

0128 I
Rx -

R3
0 O 00 O

I 8 O I g

8 100 8

2R3
-

O 0-2 8 -

8 000 O
 I 8 O 18

8 7 08 8

O 8 I O 12

8 O 00 o

.
=) Basis
Sa,, ac, any -

To
find well
space, we solve matrix A

I 8 O I g O

8 7 8 O 8 O

O 8 I O 12 O

8 O 8 0 O 8 ~hum
egkhiong
O

h
+
x x4 =

xa O
=

1/2)5 0
xz + =

t
x4
(free variable)
=

xj =s

t
I x,
-
=

b
12 0
=

x3 =1
x5 S
=

4)). (8)
t
=
1 nul A =
-

passm(x) =

125
t

S
 x

90):0().. ())
=

an4()()())
x =

~hum
Basis
egkhiong
of H =
basis of col(A) there

I -
4 I

A= & J 4 Rot( 2)R RC

-
-
+

-
I O 2 Rs tRn +
R3
-

3 7 6 R4 =
SR1 +
Ra

I
-
4 -
2

A = 0 B O

O
-

4 O Rg t 13/4 Ds +
Ra

O
-
5 O Rx +
1/5Rx +Ra

ivot
&

I
-
4 -
2

A = 8 13 O

O 8 O

O O O

ivots &cot stain i basis La & cot stain

 (C). El
**

Since there are a rectors ([columns)

=>
DIM =
2

1 -

49 -

A =
-

I 2 -

4 I Re tR, +
RC
5 6 18 7 Rs t5 Ra R
-

I -

4 g -

A = O 25 -
6

8 4 10 I8 Rs 2Ra
E +
Rs
-

ivot

A =
I -

4 9 -

7 ~hum
g I 5 · egkhiong
g j g g

& pivots + Rank (A) =

2 I Rank la so 'pirot columns

dimNuL(A) =C dimNal last cot K co pirot)

 Linear Independence

-
2 2 2 8
~hum
a) I 9 3 8
egkhiong
3 3 3 8
-
-

L
I O g 8
RREF
3
& I 8 8 => lizeanly independent (Co' Nghiein (
8 8 I 8

EX:

2 714
-

C 2 -

I I 8 4
RREF
8 4 -

12 5 3
O I -
3 5/4
7 5 13 6 8 8 8 8 (free variable
-

= Linearly dependent

EX:

2 C 2
-

3 I O 4 g
RREF
8 4 -

12 15 S O I -

3 8

7 5 13 18 8 O O I

EX: No
=>
solution

Independent of det +0
3
E+
+
1+ 1- t -
t -
+ + 0

t I
t I I

I t 7 7 t (+
3
-
3t + 2 + 0

I I t I I

9I
=

t#
 Linean combination
Unite Linean combination
it as
of a&v where:

3
a
-
11

O 4
W

2 2 -

2
~hum
-
-

I I I 88 Queng Khiing

Reunite: I 3 -

17 I 8 4
AREF
I O 4 g I -

2 2 - O 8 8

- I I g 8 8

I 3
4 5 11
-
-

= I
I O 4
2 2 -
2
-

I I
I

Chico Linean combination khi

linearly independent

714
-

a) 2 C 2 I I 8 4
-

RREF
8 4 -

12 5 3
O I -
3 5/4

7 5 13
-

6 8 8 8 8

714
-

4t

I
-

o =
=>

xa 514
=
+ 3t

xs =
t
(free variable)
= Lineanly dependent I no combination
b) 2 C 2 3 I O 4 g
-

RREF
8 4 -

12 15 S O I -

3 8

7 5 13 18 8 O O I 0 = 1

->
No solution =) No linean combination

Eigenvalue & Eigenvectors

a)A -
x I 4
=
-

x
-

5
~hum
2 -
3 -
x
egkhiong
det(A +1)
=>
-

(4
=
-
x)( -
3 -
x) + 10 0
=

()
-

12 -

4x +
3x + x + 10 0 =

L1
=
x =
2
value
Eigen
to -
= 1

on we find eigen vectors:

N(A- x,I) =
2
-

5 8 RREF I -5/20
3

& -
5 8 O 8 8
5/2
5t12 rector: t
x
= =

- Eigen
I
xc =
t (fne variable)

RREF
NA -

xxF =
5
-

5 g
3
I - 8

2 I 8 O O 8

I
x
=xz t Eigen rector t
=
=

-
I
=
xxz =
t
(free variable)
Question 3

a)A -
xI = 4 -
x -
3

2 -1 -

det(A
=>
-
+ I) (4 =
-

x)(-1 -
x) -
c( -
3) = 0

-
-

4 -
4x + x + + + 6 =
0

= 12 -

3x + 2

Let det (A -
+ 1) 0
=

7x =
2

Eigen values
x 1 =

Now we find eigen vectors:

~hum
N(A -
r,l) =
2 -
3 8 R. 5 Y R,
egkhiong
2
-

3 8 Rc +R, -

RC

I -3/2 8
=
1

g 8 8

3t/2
4
= 7 x=

is = t (free variable (

3/2
Eigen
=>
vector: t with +, =
2
I

N(A -
xyt) = 3 -
3 8
013
2
-

2 g R2/g -

R/3

I I 8
-

O O 8

Y
= 321 = xc t
=

xc t
=

(free variable (

t
rectors
Eigen
=>
with to =
 a)A -

+ I 7
=
-
+ 3 ~hum
8 4 - egkhiong
det(A -
+ 1) = (t x)(4 x)
- - -
0x3

= 28 -
71 -
4x + x2

Let det (A -
+ I1 =
0

+
t + -
11x + 28 0
=

( values)
7
(t
=

Eigen
=

xc =
4

Now we
find eigen vectors
N(A I3R,
-

x,I) =
O 3 8

3 8 3R2
-

8
-

8 I g
8 O 8

=
t
9
x1 =

x2 =
0

= Eigenvector 11 with +. = t

N(A -

xcl) =
3 3 O "3R,
8 O 8

I I 8 t

b
-

= = x
=
8 8 g o= t (free variable

=> Eigenvector ↓
(j) wth c = 4
 subspace (Ly'thayet)
trove v =

4 (b M3(< =0n+xcl > is a

subspace of a

Need to show

(1)u + 0

(x),i,j tV + c yt + V

(3) x + M,jt V = Gct V

(noog: ()0 0
0,(%)
+
V,cov + 0
=

~hum
(2) Suppose iiij - V
egkhiong
o
(), 5(,)
x1, 622,61s, y., Y2143tM and (s =(+c1c

9 y3 y1=
+
y2

x x
le and (( xz) (y+ yz)
+
yz
+ + +
=

xz =
+

- (x+ y) + (x +
yz)
so x +
j t-V

(3) Take
any
citV and <tR

i =
(i)
3)
., xcibstM and cL3 = x, +
xe

a(
(d)
=
and 2x a(s+l
=

= 2x4 +260, so act

V
.. is a
subspace
 Determine whether ( 4(a,bic)
=
(a =
b" is a
subspace of 1

Need to show

(1)u + 0

(x),i,j tV +c yt + V

(3) Gct
x + M,jt V = V
~hum
egkhiong

(1) (0,0,0) - it because 0 0

=
-(a b" =

=
((4.9,1)t-v 4

9 3
(9,3,1)tv
=

Then (4,2,1) +
(9,3,1) = (13,5,0)
Not closed under vector
Since 13+5". addition
: Not a
subspace

Determine whether x
=((x,y,2)(x +
y +2" sy is a
subspace of 1

(1)0 j 8-11
+ +

(0,0,0)
+ v,w + 0

(2)(1,0,0) tv-b(cl + + 0"11

tv-b(c
(0,1,0) +
F p11
+

(1,0,0 +
(0,1,0) (1,1,0)=

Buti + 1 +
0=21, so (1, 1.0)EW+
Not closed under reston addition

= Not subspace
 Inove v=
4(b) >1 "(a =-
bb is a
subspace of 1

Need to show

(1)u +0

(x),i,j tV c yt V
~hum
+
+

(3) x + M,jt V = Gct V

egkhiong
x)0 -
=

0,s(0) + N,sov +

(2) Spse, x, y
t N

x =

(b), x =

() with a b
=
and c =
-
d

x x
-

(y) ( )
=
=

(-)
=

(ox +

yzvt

6) Spse at IR, xtW

ax
c()
=
=

(%) with da =
-
ab

So 2sEt
· It is a
subspace of 12

Determine ( =

g(a,bic) (a2b ich is a subspace of 1

(1)(0,0,0)+vb/c010 =0

(2)(1,2,3)(ub(c112:3
and -

1t M
Then -

1(1,2,3) = 1 -1,
-

2. -

3)
but-1-22-3 is
false not closed under vecton scalar

multiplication
=
Not subspace
 Vector (Ly'thuyet (
space
Averton space is a collection, V, of vectors and two operators"+","."such that the
following
hold for v,v,wtV and c, d tR

1)u + vtU 6) v
cut

x)u +
v v
=
+ u tc(u u) +
c
=
+ cv

3)a + (v + v) (u + r)
=
+
r s)(c d)u + x+
= du

4) Ot U where 0 +u u
=
9) c (du) =
(cd)u

5(n+V,u + ( u) 0
-
=
xd 1u =
u

1) Determine whether v =
((,(x): x is a real
numbersy with standard operations in M
is a rector space

1.u + v is in V (closure under addition)

(n,(n) +
(s,as) = (x s,2x
+ + 2s)

T w ~hum
-

(ts,trs egkhiong
2.x + v v
=
+
u)commutativity of addition (
u + v (n,(x)
=
+
(s,(s) (x =
+
s,2x + 2s)
= (s +
r,2s + (n)

= (s,(s) + (x,(x) v
=
+ uv
3.n + (u + x) (x
= + v) +
x)Associativity of addition)
(x,(x) +
((s,(s) +
(t,2+ x) (x,(x)
=
+ (s t,as + + c+)

-
(k + s +
t,2x + 2s + 2 +)
= ((x + s) +
+,(2n 2s) + +
+)
c

~hum - (x s,2n + + (s) +

(t,a+ 3
egkhiong =
((x,ax) (),2s)) + + (t,ct) r

4. Uhas a vector O such that: a + 0 0 =

+u =
u(additive identity)
(0,0) = (0,0(0)) is in U

(0,0) +
(x,2x) (n,(x) (n,2x) =
= + (0,0) v

5. For every vectona in V, there is a rector -

in in Usuch that:

u + ( x) 0
-

=
(additive invense)

(x,(x) +
(- x, -

cx) (n k,an =
- -
cx)

10,0)
=

so(- x, -
(x) =
-

(n,(n)r
 6.cn in in V(closure under scalan multiplication
c(x,2x) (c,can) =

7.c(x r) +

m
=
MittensEAxiomEMEAre
-

c((x,(n) (s,2s)] + c(n s,an

=
+ + cs)
~hum
(c(n + s),c(2x + 2s))
egkhiong
-

=(ok + us,2cx + 2)
- (,f(x) + (,2c)

- c(x,2a) + c(s,as) -

Seventh axiom hold

=

0..(c d)u + = cu+ du/distributive properties)

(c + d)(x,an) ((c d)x,(z + d)2n) =
+

- (cx dn,cen +d(n)

+

= (c,c(x) +
ldn,2dx)
-
c(n + 2n) + d(n + 2n)

# Eighth axiom hold -

9c(du) = (cd(n (associative property)

c(d(n,2n)) cLdn, 2dx) =

- (cdn, Lcdn)
=cd(n,(x) -

10) 1 (n) w(multiplication identity

=
-

I(n,(x) (1n,1(n) =

- (x,(x)-
It
=>
is a vector space