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    Curriculum & Its Forms

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    Cute Island
    The document discusses curriculum from different perspectives. It defines curriculum as the total learning experiences planned by an educational institution. There are traditional and progressive views of curriculum. Traditional views see it as subjects to be learned, while progressive views see it as all experiences learned. There are many forms of curriculum, including recommended, written, taught, supported, assessed, learned, hidden, and societal. An effective curriculum is important as it helps deliver quality education, aids the economy, and encourages innovation. It also helps students, teachers, and institutions follow a structured plan and prepares students for their future.

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    Curriculum & Its Forms

    Uploaded by

    Cute Island
    26 views15 pages
    The document discusses curriculum from different perspectives. It defines curriculum as the total learning experiences planned by an educational institution. There are traditional and progressive views of curriculum. Traditional views see it as subjects to be learned, while progressive views see it as all experiences learned. There are many forms of curriculum, including recommended, written, taught, supported, assessed, learned, hidden, and societal. An effective curriculum is important as it helps deliver quality education, aids the economy, and encourages innovation. It also helps students, teachers, and institutions follow a structured plan and prepares students for their future.

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    The document discusses curriculum from different perspectives. It defines curriculum as the total learning experiences planned by an educational institution. There are traditional and progressive views of curriculum. Traditional views see it as subjects to be learned, while progressive views see it as all experiences learned. There are many forms of curriculum, including recommended, written, taught, supported, assessed, learned, hidden, and societal. An effective curriculum is important as it helps deliver quality education, aids the economy, and encourages innovation. It also helps students, teachers, and institutions follow a structured plan and prepares students for their future.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    26 views15 pages

    Curriculum & Its Forms

    Uploaded by

    Cute Island
    The document discusses curriculum from different perspectives. It defines curriculum as the total learning experiences planned by an educational institution. There are traditional and progressive views of curriculum. Traditional views see it as subjects to be learned, while progressive views see it as all experiences learned. There are many forms of curriculum, including recommended, written, taught, supported, assessed, learned, hidden, and societal. An effective curriculum is important as it helps deliver quality education, aids the economy, and encourages innovation. It also helps students, teachers, and institutions follow a structured plan and prepares students for their future.

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    of 15

    SUBJECT: CURRICULUM

    DEVELOPMENT
    B.ED (Secondary)

    Lecture no: 1 Curriculum and its forms


    Miss Khansa Imam
    UE JAUHARABAD CAMPUS
    What is curriculum?
    Definition
    Latin word , Currere = run
    Blue print of an educational programme.
    “Curriculum is a tool in the hands of an artist to
    mould his material, according to his ideals in his
    studio.” Cunningham
    Artist= teacher
    Material= student
    Ideals= objectives
    Studio= educational institute
    • Curriculum is a systematic arrangement of the sum
    total of selected experiences planned by a school
    for a defined group of students to attain the aim of
    a particular educational programme (Florence
    nightingale)
    • A curriculum does not mean only the academic
    subjects traditionally taught in the school but it
    includes the totality of experiences that a public
    receives through the manifold activities that go on
    in the school, workshop, play ground, library,
    laboratory and in the informal contacts between
    teachers and pupils.
    Curriculum from Different Points of
    View
    • There are many definitions of curriculum.
    Because of this, the concept of curriculum is
    sometimes characterized as fragmentary,
    elusive and confusing. The definitions are
    influenced by modes of thoughts, pedagogies,
    political as well as cultural experiences
    1. Traditional Points of View of
    Curriculum
    • In the early years of 20th century traditional concepts
    held of the “curriculum is that it is a body of subjects or
    subject matter prepared by the teachers for the
    students to learn” . It was synonymous to the “course
    of study” and “syllabus” Robert M. Hutchins views
    curriculum as “permanent studies” where the rule of
    grammar, reading, logic and mathematics for basic
    education are emphasized. Basic Education should
    emphasize the 3 Rs ( reading, writing, basic
    arithmatics)and college education should be grounded
    on liberal education.
    • On the other hand, Arthur Bestor as an essentialist,
    believe that the mission of the school should be
    intellectual training, hence curriculum should focus on
    the fundamental intellectual disciplines of grammar,
    literature and writing. It should also include
    mathematics, science, history and foreign language.
    • This definition leads to the view of Joseph Schwab that
    discipline is the sole source of curriculum. Thus in our
    education system, curriculum is divided into chunks of
    knowledge we call subject areas in basic education
    such as English, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies
    and others. In college, discipline may includes
    humanities, sciences, languages and many more.
    2. Progressive Points of View of
    Curriculum
    • On the other hand, to a progressivist, a listing of school,
    subjects, syllabi, course of study, and list of courses or
    specific discipline do not make a curriculum. These can only
    be called curriculum if the written materials are actualized
    by the learner. Broadly speaking, curriculum is defined as
    the total learning experiences of the individual.
    • Caswell and Campbell viewed curriculum as “all
    experiences children have under the guidance of
    teachers”. This definition is shared by Smith, Stanley and
    Shores when they defined “curriculum as a sequence of
    potential experiences set up in the schools for the
    purpose of disciplining children and youth in group ways
    of thinking and acting”
    • Marsh and Willis on the other hand view curriculum as
    all the “experiences in the classroom which are
    planned and enacted by the teacher, and also learned
    by the students.
    • From the various definitions and concepts presented, it
    is clear that curriculum is a dynamic process.
    Development connotes changes which are systematic.
    A change for the better means any alteration,
    modification or improvement of existing condition. To
    produce positive changes, development should be
    purposeful, planned and progressive. This is how
    curriculum evolves.
    Forms of curriculum
    • Allan Glatthorn (2000) describes seven types of
    curriculum operating in the schools.
    • 1) Recommended curriculum: proposed by scholars
    and professional organizations.
    • 2) Written curriculum: appears in school, district,
    division or country documents.
    • 3) Taught curriculum: what teachers implement or
    deliver in the classrooms and schools
    • 4. Supported curriculum: resources textbook
    computers, audio visual materials which support and
    help in the implementation of the curriculum.
    • 5. Assessed curriculum: that which is tested and
    evaluated.
    • 6. Learned curriculum-what the students actually learn
    and what is measured and
    • 7. Hidden curriculum: the unintended curriculum. (
    ethics values, team work, collaboration behaviors
    learned)
    • 8. Societal Curriculum : The massive, ongoing, informal
    curriculum of family, peer group, neighborhoods,
    churches organizations, mass, media and other
    socializing forces that “educate” all of us throughout
    our lives.
    • 9. Curriculum-in-use : Is the actual curriculum that is
    delivered and presented by each teachers. 10. The
    Electronic Curriculum: Those lessons learned through
    searching the internet for information, or through using
    e-forms of communication
    Characteristics of Curriculum:

    • Flexibility
    • Integrated & continuous
    • Balance
    • Scope
    • Religious and moral values
    • Considering individual conflicts in curriculum
    • Life centered Curriculum
    Importance of curriculum
    • The type of curriculum used could have a positive
    or negative effect on the students and society at
    large. It is vital that all internal and external
    factors are considered before the ideal
    curriculum is set. School curriculum has a positive
    impact on the learners and is important in the
    growth of an economy. The following are reasons
    why the curriculum is important.
    • It helps teachers and instructors deliver quality
    content that is properly arranged - With a set
    curriculum, one is sure that the education the
    children receive is of value and will positively
    impact the learner.
    • It aids in the economy of the state - Curriculum
    development offers possible solutions to
    complexities and problems facing a nation. Political,
    economic, social, and socio-economic issues can all
    be solved by the answers provided by the curricula.
    • The curriculum encourages innovation - This
    especially happens in universities, colleges, and
    institutions of higher learning. Colleges which have
    curricular courses which are relevant in global
    markets attract foreign students who help in
    innovation and problem-solving.
    • Administrators, teachers, and students are able to
    follow a detailed structure, which helps them to
    easily tackle their tasks and successfully complete the
    course - The curriculum prepares students for the next
    chapter in life; whether higher education or a job. They
    are also able to sharpen their crafts and improve on
    their skills.
    • It helps in the recognition and preservation of the
    nation’s identity - If the head of state wishes to see to
    it that the country is given a particular identity, then
    the curriculum may be altered to accommodate his/her
    design of thinking. A country which wants to be
    identified as the tourism hub in the region will
    restructure their curricular to achieve that. Edu-
    tourism, agri-tourism, and techno-tourism are some of
    the things that can boost the country’s tourism sector.
    • Significance of Curriculum In Elementary Schools: At
    primary school levels, the curriculum aims at providing
    a structured platform, which gives every child an equal
    opportunity to excel. In High Schools: For teenagers,
    the development is more focused and rampant,
    enhanced through a proper curriculum. Without an
    effective curriculum, a student would not be able to
    understand or meet the challenges of the society.
    • At College & Higher Education: The curriculum here is
    reduced to just a framework that is very flexible yet
    very important. The curriculum chosen by the student
    will go on to determine the shape of his career. A
    curriculum prepares an individual with the knowledge
    to be successful, confident and responsible citizens.

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