Allama Muhammad Iqbal

Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal
Born: 9 November 1877, died: 21 April 1938
Introduction: Allama Muhammad Iqbal was a poet, philosopher and politician. He was born in 9
November 1873 at Sialkot, Allama meaning "Scholar". Iqbal was one of the most prominent leaders of
the All India Muslim League. Iqbal encouraged and worked closely with Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and he is
known as Muffakir-e-Pakistan ("The Thinker of Pakistan"), Shair-e-Mashriq ("The Poet of the East"), and
Hakeem-ul-Ummat ("The Sage of Ummah"). He is officially recognized as the "national poet" of
Pakistan. He is called the "Spiritual father of Pakistan".
Education: After getting early education from home town, he was admitted to Government
College Lahore, where he obtained M.A. degree in Philosophy. He left for England for higher
studies in 1905. In 1907, he obtained the Degree of Doctorate (Ph.D.) from Munich University.
During his study in Europe, Iqbal began to write poetry in Persian.at 1909 Iqbal began practicing law at
Chief Court Lahore, but soon Iqbal quit law practice, and devoted himself in literary works and became
an active member of Anjuman-e-Himayat-e-Islam. In 1919, he became the general secretary of the same
organization.
His literary works and poetry: The poet was born in him from early age. He wrote poetry under
inspiration. He had written poetry in Urdu and Persian. The famous poetic works of Iqbal: Israr Khudi
(1915), Ramuz-e-Bekhudi (1918), Javed Nama (1932) and Musafir (1934) are his great works in Persian.
Bange-e-Dira (1924) Bal-e-Jibrael (1935) and Zarb-e-Kaleem (1936) are famous collections in Urdu. Iqbal
had good command on 'English, German and Arabic Languages’. He had series of lectures in different
educational institutions that were later on published by Oxford press as ‘’the Reconstruction of Islamic
religious thoughts in Islam’’.
Iqbal's Political Life: Allama Iqbal made his debut in politics when he was elected as the member of
Punjab's Legislative Assembly in 1926. During the elections of 1937, when Quaid-e-Azam started the
reconstruction of the Muslim League, Allama Iqbal stood beside him. He not only supported Quaid-e-
Azam and the Muslim League wholeheartedly, but he also respected Quaid-e-Azam's point of view.
Ideology of Pakistan and Iqbal: Iqbal was strictly against nationalism. He considered all the Muslims
to be a part of One Ummah. For him, a Muslim in any part of the world was part of a brotherly relation.
He considered nationalism to be a coffin for the Muslim Umma.
Thus, highlighting the limitations and disadvantages of nationalism, Iqbal gave the philosophy of a
"Millat-e-Islamia" and this philosophy became the basis of Pakistan's ideology.
Iqbal and Two Nation Theory: Allama Iqbal believed that the Muslims of India have a separate
identity and to protect this identity, the establishment of a separate homeland for the Muslims of India
was necessary. On 28th March 1909, he rejected the invitation from the secular party "Minswa Lodge"
highlighting the fact that:
"I have been a keen supporter of this theory that religious differences in this country should end and
even now I practice this principle. But, now I have started to believe that separate national identity for
the Muslims and the Hindus is necessary for their survival."
Famous Allabad address: Allama Iqbal's Presidential Adress at Allahbad in 1930 determined the
political path of the Muslims of sub-continent. In his adress, he in clear words said:
"I would like to see the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sindh and Baluchistan been combined
into a single state".
He further stated that: "The formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim State appears to be
the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of the North West India."
Thus, Iqbal demanded a sovereign independent Muslim state even before the Muslim League demanded
it in Pakistan's Resolution.
Iqbal married three times, First wife karim Bibi, 2nd wife name Mukhtar Begum and she died in her first
childbirth, 3rd wife Sirdar begum was an orphaned Kashmiri girl.
Conclusion: In short, the personality of Allama Iqbal has left indelible marks in history. He tried to
awaken the Muslims of India through his philosophy, poetry and politics. He gave the idea of
independence to the Muslims of India. Iqbal died on 21st April, 1938. He was buried infront of the
"Badshahi Mosque".
Allama iqbal had two sons and one daughter (1) Javad Iqbal (2) Aftab Iqbal
One daughter (1) Shaheen

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Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal

Born: 9 November 1877, died: 21 April 1938

One daughter (1) Shaheen

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