LAMPS: TYPES AND PURPOS ES

Kanika Gulati Saloni Shrivastav A2105010009 A2105010046 Program: B. Sc. Interior Design. Batch: 2010 2013 Semester: 3 Subject: Building Services And Fixtures- II Electrical Systems And Lighting Presented To: Mrs. Anisha Bajpai

Presented By:

Ligh t:
Lightorvisible lightiselectromagnetic radiationthat isvisibleto thehuman eye, and is responsible for the sense ofsight.Visible light haswavelengthin a range from about 380nanometersto about 740nm, with a frequency range of about 405 THz to 790 THz. Inphysics, the termlightsometimes refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength,

Reflection Refraction Dispersion

Properties Of Light

Refractive Indices

Reflecti on Of Light
Thelaw of reflectionsays that forspecular reflectionthe angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected.Mirrorsexhibit specular reflection.

Refracti on of Light
Refractionis the change in direction of awavedue to a change in itsspeed. This is most commonly observed when a wave passes from one mediumto another at any angle other than 90 or 0.

Dispersi on Of Light
Inoptics,dispersionis the phenomenon in which thephase velocityof a wave depends on its frequency,or alternatively when the group velocitydepends on the frequency. Media having such a property are termeddispersive media.

Refractiv e Indices
Therefractive indexorindex of refractionof a substance is a measure of thespeed of lightin that substance. It is expressed as a ratio of the speed of light invacuumrelative to that in the considered medium

LAMP S

A lamp basically refers to a device generating Light, Heat or therapeutic radiation.

It may also be termed as a vessel containing oil or alcohol burned through a wick for illumination.

Lampmay refer to one of the following: Oil lamp, the original use of the term Kerosene lamp, a lamp burning liquid petroleum Lamp (electrical component)is a replaceable component that produces light, such as: Arc lamp Fluorescent lamp Gas discharge lamp Incandescent light bulb, also known as an incandescent lamp Alampshadeis a part of a luminary that serves to block direct view of the lamp Alight fixture, or luminary, often colloquially known as a lamp Signal lamp, a device used for visual communication between ships A fuel burning illumination or signallantern Asafety lamporDavy lamp, is an explosion-proof lantern used in mining]

Types Of Lamps

Incandesce nt Lamps

The bulb that most lamps require is the incandescent bulb, they are the standard bulbs that most people are familiar with and typically the most inexpensive option.

Pros Cons
They produce a warm and steady light that complements skin tones, they can be used with a dimmer, and they come in a wide variety of colors, shapes and sizes. They are not as energy efficient as some of the other options and although they can last for 700-1000 hours, other bulb options far outweigh this feat.

Types Of Incandescent Lamps

A-line:The standard lightbulb shape available in a variety of wattage and color options.

Reflector:An indoor bulb used for directional lighting such as recessed light or as a spot light.

Globe: A round bulb typically used without a shade, such as in vanity lighting.

Candle:A decorative bulb that can be used with dimmers or as accent lighting in chandeliers.

Flicker: A filament in the bulb that resembles a flickering flame. Typically used in chandeliers and candelabras

Bullet/Torpedo:A decorative bulb resembling a torpedo. Typically used in night lights.

Flame:A flame shaped bulb with wrinkled glass typically used with dimmers or in accent lighting.

Tubular:A tube shaped bulb used in under cabinet lighting or picture lighting.

Compact Fluorescent Lamp Of all light bulbs, Compact Fluorescent Lamps

(CFLs) are the most energy efficient. They actually use 67% less energy than standard incandescent bulbs and last longer (some up to 10,000 hours!). Most CFLs either consist of a

qOne of the benefits to using CFLs are they use less wattage than incandescents thus improving energy efficiency. qThe cons are they are more than incandescents, though, because their life span is usually six times longer than incandescents theyre an economically smart choice. qAdditionally, CFLs contain small amounts of mercury and therefore should not be tossed out in your trash like other bulbs can.0

Types Of Compact Fluorescent Lamps

3-way:Made for 3-way table lamps. This bulb lasts 6 times longer than a standard A-line. Dimmable:Made for incandescent dimming circuits. It lasts 13 times longer than a 100 watt Aline. Post:Has a shatterproof cover and lasts 16 times longer than a 75-watt A-line. A-line:Looks similar to a standard incandescent A-line but lasts 6 times longer than a 60 watt Aline. Spiral:Spiral shape provides better light distribution than other CFLs and is great for table lamps. Lasts 8 times longer than a regular A-line bulb.

Fluorescent Lamps

Fluorescent bulbs typically produce more light per watt and have a longer lamp life than incandescent.

Pros
One of the pros to fluorescent bulbs are they are great for lighting entire rooms.

Cons

However, are fluorescent bulbs usually come in a linear format so they are not used in most home decor lighting But there are circular and u-shaped options as well and color has been an issue for fluorescents bulbs in the past but now there are more options for varying indoor lighting needs

Types of Fluorescent bulbs: Grow lights:Fluoresecent

lights design specifically to provide natural light indoors for the growth of indoor plants. Linear:Tubes available in lengths of 24 to 48. Circular:Non linear fixtures. U-shaped:Fluorescent bulb with a ballast on one end only. Aquarium:Fluorescent lighting designed specifically for fish tanks.

High-Intensity Discharge Lamps

High Pressure Sodium (HPS), Metal Halide, Mercury Vapor and Self-Ballasted Mercury Lamps are all high intensity discharge lamps (HID).

HID lamps produce a large quantity of light from a relatively small bulb, compared to fluorescent and incandescent lamps.

HID lamps produce light by striking an electrical arc across tungsten electrodes. This tube is filled with both gas and metals. The gas aids in the starting of the lamps. Then, once they are heated to a point of evaporation, the metals produce the light.

Metal Halide Lamps

Though they produce a yellowish light, standard high-pressure sodium lamps have the highest efficiency of all HID lamps. Efficiency is somewhat sacrificed, however, High-pressure sodium lamps that produce a whiter light are now available.

HID lamps are usually used not only when energy efficiency and/or long life are desired, but also when high levels of light are required over large areas. Such areas include gymnasiums, pathways, outdoor activity areas, roadways, large public areas, and parking lots. Recently, metal halide is successfully being used in residential environments.

ow-Pressure Sodium Lam

Of all commercially available lighting sources, Low-pressure sodium lamps have the highest efficiency. A low-pressure sodium lamp shouldn't be confused with a standard highpressure sodium lamp, even though they both

Low-pressure sodium lamps are generally used where color rendition is not important but energy efficiency is. They are typically used for outdoor, roadway, parking lot, and pathway lighting.

ght-Emitting DiodeLamp (L.E.D. Lamps)

Light Emitting Diodes (LED) are bulbs without a filament, that are low in power consumption and have a long life span.

LEDs are just starting to rival conventional lighting, but unfortunately they just don't have the output (lumen) needed to completely replace incandescent, and other type, bulbs just yet.

Halogen Lamps

Ahalogen lamp, also known as atungsten halogen lamp, is anincandescent lampwith atungstenfilament contained within an inert gas and a small amount of ahalogensuch asiodineorbromine

A halogen lamp can be operated at a higher temperature than a standard gas-filled lamp of similar power and operating life. The higher operating temperature results in light of a higher color temperature. This, in turn, gives it a higherluminous efficacy(1030 lm/W). Because of their smaller size, halogen lamps can advantageously be used with optical systems that are more efficient in how they cast emitted light.

MercuryVapor Lamps
Amercury-vapor lampis agas discharge lampthat usesmercuryin an excited state to producelight.

Mercury vapor lamps (and their relatives) are often used because they are relativelyefficient.Phosphorcoated bulbs offer bettercolor rendition than either high- or lowpressuresodium vapor lamps. Mercury vapor lamps also offer a very long lifetime, as well as

Optical Fiber
Anoptical fiberis a flexible, transparent fiber made of very pure glass (silica) not much wider than a human hair that acts as awaveguide, or "light pipe", to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber.

Fibers are also used for illumination, and are wrapped in bundles so they can be used to carry images, thus allowing viewing in tight spaces. Specially designed fibers are used for a variety of other applications, includingsensorsandfiber lasers.

Neon Lamps

Aneon lamp(alsoneon glow lamp) is a miniaturegas discharge lampthat typically containsneongas at a

The term "neon lamp" is generally extended to lamps with similar design that operate with different gases. Neon glow lamps were very common in the displays of electronic instruments through the 1970s; the basic design of neon lamps is now incorporated in contemporaryplasma displays

Property Of Lamps

Effic acy

Measure of efficiency in Lumens/Watts. Most important figure of merit wherein lamps are burnt for long hours due to energy conservation.

Color Rendering

A measure of degree of which a light source shows the true colors of the objects it illuminates.

It is expressed in terms of Color Rendering Index (CRI) on a scale of 0100. The higher the CRI the better the objects appear.

Color Temperature

A measure of the apparent color of the light, emitted from the light source (also known as Color Appearance). Expressed in K (Degree Kelvin)

Thank You!