NLTI

GK GAZETTE
FEBRUARY 2023 - 01 | ISSUE 3 |
VOLUME 1

GK & CURRENT AFFAIRS FOR CLAT, AILET AND

OLETS

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 CONTENTS

01
UNION BUDGET 2023-24
The Union Minister of Finance and Corporate
Affairs Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman presented the
Union Budget 2023-24 in Parliament.

05
ECONOMIC SURVEY
Recently, the Union Minister for Finance tabled
the Economic Survey 2022- 23 highlighting the
outlook for India’s growth, inflation and
unemployment in the coming years.

08
INDIA, FRANCE, UAE TRILATERAL
COOPERATION INITIATIVE
India joined UAE, and France for a trilateral
Cooperation Initiative in fields including energy,
defence, and economy.

10
SPACE DEBRIS
Recently, the Ministry of Science and
Technology informed the Rajya Sabha about the
presence of India's space debris

13
TURKIYE EARTHQUAKES
Recently, powerful tremors were felt in Turkey
after an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 struck
along a well-known fault line called the Anatolia
tectonic block.

GK GAZETTE ISSUE NO. 3

February 2023
 15
SOLAR ENERGY IN INDIA
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
(MNRE) has extended the deadline to install
30,000 MW solar power capacity in rural India
to March 2026 under PMKUSUM (Pradhan
Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Uttham
Mahabhiyan).

17
SAVE WETLANDS CAMPAIGN
The Union Minister for Environment, Forest and
Climate Change launched the ‘Save Wetlands
Campaign’ in Goa.

19
INDIA ENERGY WEEK
The Prime Minister inaugurated the India Energy
Week (IEW) 2023, in Bengaluru. The PM also
launched E20 fuel and flagged off the Green
Mobility Rally.

20
THE ADANI-HINDENBURG SAGA
Stocks of Adani Group tumbled recently after
Hindenburg Research has highlighted financial
irregularities in the company.

22
EXCERCISE TARKASH
In a first, India-US conduct drills on nuke,
chemical, bio terror attacks prevention.
GK Gazette - January 2023

Union Budget 2023-24

BUDGET 2023-2024 SCOPE FOR INDIA:

Achievements since 2014
The Union Minister of Finance and The per capita income has more than doubled
Corporate Affairs Smt. Nirmala to Rs 1.97 lakh.
Sitharaman presented the Union Budget Indian economy has increased in size to 5th
2023-24 in Parliament. largest in the world.
A budget is an estimation of revenue and Formalisation of economy is reflected in the
expenses over a specified future period of EPFO membership and digital payments
time. crossing Rs 126 lakh crore through UPI in
In the Constitution of India, the budget is 2022.
referred as the Annual Financial Statement Promotion of inclusive development through
(Article 112). schemes such as Swachh Bharat Mission,
Article 112 - The President shall in respect Ujjawala, PM Jan Dhan Bank Accounts, PM
of every financial year cause to be laid Jeevan Jyoti Yojana, PM Kisan Samman
before both the Houses of Parliament a Nidhi, etc.
statement of the estimated receipts and The Budget identifies 4 transformative
expenditure of the Government of India opportunities to be leveraged before reaching
India@100:
Seven priorities of the budget or ‘Saptarishi’ are: Economic Empowerment of Women through
Inclusive development, SHGs PM Vishwakarma Kaushal Samman
Reaching the last mile, (PM VIKAS) Tourism Promotion in Mission
Infrastructure and investment, Mode Green Growth
Unleashing the potential, G20 Presidency - With the theme of
Green growth, ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’, the G20
Youth power Presidency gives India a unique opportunity to
Financial sector. strengthen its role in the world economic
order.

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Agriculture: Green Credit Programme: Green Credit

Atmanirbhar Clean Plant Program The Programme to be notified under the
program to be launched to boost availability of Environment (Protection) Act to incentivize
disease-free, quality planting material for high and mobilize additional resources for
value horticultural crops. environmentally sustainable and responsive
GOBARdhan: 500 new ‘waste to wealth’ plants actions.
under GOBARdhan (Galvanizing Organic Bio- Amrit Dharohar scheme: Amrit Dharohar
Agro Resources Dhan) scheme to be established scheme to be implemented over the next three
for promoting circular economy. years to encourage optimal use of wetlands,
Bio-Input Resource Centres: Centre to facilitate enhance bio-diversity, carbon stock, eco-
one crore farmers to adopt natural farming over tourism opportunities and income generation
the next three years. For this, 10,000 Bio-Input for local communities.
Resource Centres to be set-up, creating a Skill Development:
national-level distributed micro-fertilizer and
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana 4.0
pesticide manufacturing network.
It is to be launched to skill lakhs of youth
Agriculture Accelerator Fund: Agriculture within the next three years covering new age
Accelerator Fund to be set-up to encourage agri- courses for Industry 4.0 like coding, AI,
startups by young entrepreneurs in rural areas. robotics, mechatronics, IOT, 3D printing,
Environment: drones, and soft skills.
PM-PRANAM: “PM Programme for Skill India International Centres: 30 Skill
Restoration, Awareness, Nourishment and India International Centres to be set up
Amelioration of Mother Earth” (PM-PRANAM) across different States to skill youth for
to be launched to incentivize States and Union international opportunities.
Territories to promote alternative fertilizers and Businesses & Start Ups:
balanced use of chemical fertilizers. National Data Governance Policy: National
MISHTI: ‘Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Data Governance Policy to be brought out to
Habitats & Tangible Incomes’, MISHTI, to be unleash innovation and research by start-ups
taken up for mangrove plantation along the and academia.
coastline and on salt pan lands, through ODOPs (One District, One Product): States
convergence between MGNREGS, CAMPA to be encouraged to set up a Unity Mall for
Fund and other sources. promotion and sale of their own and also all

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others states’ ODOPs (One District, One tenure of 2 years at fixed interest rate of 7.5 percent
Product), GI products and handicrafts. with partial withdrawal option.
Governance:
MSME:: Entity DigiLocker: Entity DigiLocker to be
PM Vishwakarma Kaushal Samman (PM setup for use by MSMEs, large business and
VIKAS): The first-of-its-kind package charitable trusts to store and share documents
assistance endeavours to improve the quality online securely.
of, scale and reach of the products made by Jan Vishwas Bill: Jan Vishwas Bill to amend
traditional artisans and craftspeople. 42 Central Acts have been introduced to
Components of the scheme would not provide further trust-based governance.
for financial support but also access to The Urban Infrastructure Development Fund:
advanced skill training, knowledge of modern Urban Infrastructure Development Fund
digital techniques and efficient green (UIDF) will be established through use of
technologies, digital payments and social priority Sector Lending shortfall, which will be
security. managed by the national Housing Bank, and
Vivad se Vishwas I: If MSMEs failed to will be used by public agencies to create urban
execute contracts during the pandemic period, infrastructure in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities.
95% of the forfeited amount relating to bid or It would provide the impetus needed for the
performance security would be returned to growth of infrastructure in cities.
them by the government or its undertakings.. Technology:
Make AI in India and Make AI work for India:
Education::
Three centres of excellence for Artificial
Eklavya Model Residential Schools: Centre to
Intelligence to be set-up in top educational
recruit 38,800 teachers and support staff for the
institutions to realise the vision of “Make AI in
740 Eklavya Model Residential Schools,
India and Make AI work for India”.
serving 3.5 lakh tribal students over the next
Tourism:
three years.
‘Dekho Apna Desh’ initiative: Sector specific
District Institutes of Education and Training:
skilling and entrepreneurship development to
District Institutes of Education and Training to
be dovetailed to achieve the objectives of the
be developed as vibrant institutes of excellence
‘Dekho Apna Desh’ initiative.
for Teachers’ Training.
Vibrant Villages Programme: Tourism
National Digital Library: A National Digital
infrastructure and amenities to be facilitated in
Library for Children and Adolescents to be set-
border villages through the Vibrant Villages
up for facilitating availability of quality books
Programme
across geographies, languages, genres and
Finance:
levels, and device agnostic accessibility.
National Financial Information Registry:To be
Savings scheme for women - Mahila Samman
set up to serve as the central repository of financial
Saving Certificate: One-time new saving
and ancillary information for facilitating efficient
scheme Mahila Samman Saving Certificate for
flow of credit, promoting financial inclusion, and
women to be made available for 2 years up to
fostering financial stability. A new legislative
March 2025. It will offer deposit facility of up
framework to be designed in consultation with RBI
to Rs 2 lakh in the name of women or girls for
to govern this credit public infrastructure.
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Income Tax payers: No changes in the old tax

PRIORITY 5: GREEN GROWTH

regime New tax regime to become the default
LiFE or Lifestyle for Environment aims to spur a tax regime. However, citizens can opt for the
movement of environmentally conscious lifestyle. old tax regime. No tax on income up to Rs 7.5
India is moving forward firmly for the panchamrit lakh a year in new tax regime (with inclusion
(5 nectar elements of India's climate action) and of standard deduction) Govt proposes to reduce
net-zero carbon emission by 2070.
highest surcharge rate from 37% to 25% in
Green growth - The recently launched National
new tax regime
Green Hydrogen Mission will facilitate transition
of the economy to low carbon intensity and reduce
The Budget has reduced the basic customs
dependence on fossil fuel imports. duty (from 5% to nil) on seeds used in the
Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & manufacture of Laboratory Grown Diamonds
Tangible Incomes (MISHTI) - It is a new (LGDs)
programme that will facilitate mangrove plantation Amendments in CGST Act - The Budget
along India’s coastline and on salt pan lands. provides for amending the CGST Act to raise
It will operate through convergence between the minimum threshold of tax amount for
MGNREGS, Campa Fund and other sources. launching prosecution under GST from Rs 1
Pradhan Mantri Programme for Restoration, crore to Rs 2 crore, with certain exceptions.
Awareness, Nourishment and Amelioration of
Mother Earth (PMPRANAM) - It seeks to
incentivise states promoting alternative fertilisers
and balanced use of chemical fertilisers.
Amrit Dharohar: It will be implemented over the
next three years to encourage optimal use of
wetlands, and enhance bio-diversity, carbon stock,
eco-tourism opportunities and income generation
for local communities.
Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan
(GOBARdhan) 500 waste to wealth plants will be
established for promoting circular economy.
Bhartiya Prakritik Kheti Bio-Input Resource
Centres - Over the next 3 years, 10,000 Bio-Input
Resource Centres will be set-up to create a
nationallevel distributed micro-fertilizer and
pesticide manufacturing network and to adopt
natural farming.
Vehicle scrapping - Adequate funds will be
allocated to further the vehicle scrapping policy
mentioned in Budget 2021-22.

Direct Taxes:
Budget 2023 focused on raising capital
expenditure by the government, fiscal
consolidation, and attractive incentives and
rebates in the new income tax regime.

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Economic Survey
Why in News?

Recently, the Union Minister for Finance tabled the growing population The survey cautions that a
the Economic Survey 2022- 23 highlighting the growth rate of 6% may not create enough jobs to
outlook for India’s growth, inflation and meet the demand from the growing population
unemployment in the coming years.
About
The Economic Survey of India suggests that the
economy has recovered from the Covid
disruption and is poised for sustained robust
growth in the rest of the decade.
The Survey attributes the recovery to wide-
ranging structural and governance reforms What is the Economic Survey?
that have strengthened the economy's

fundamentals and increased its efficiency. The Economic Survey has its roots in the
British colonial era, with the first survey being
The Indian economy is expected to grow at its
presented in 1950-51.
potential similar to the growth experience after
The Economic Survey of India is an annual
2003, but the growth outlook is unlikely to be
document presented to the Parliament by the
much above 6%. Ministry of Finance.
The growth rate in India has become It reviews the performance of the Indian
increasingly capital-intensive, leading to a economy in the previous financial year and
lower labor force participation rate and presents the outlook for the next year.
widespread joblessness, which acts as a drag on It is prepared by the Economic Division of the
economic growth. Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) of the
India's population is growing with a large youth Ministry of Finance and is not governed by any
bulge, high levels of poverty, and malnourished specific act or legislation.
children, which requires faster growth to satisfy The comments or policy solutions contained in
the Survey are not binding on the government.
.

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Major Findings of the Survey Agriculture & Food Management:

State of the Economy 2022-23: The Indian Private investment in agriculture has increased
economy is staging a broad based recovery to 9.3% in 2020-21.
across sectors after recovering from pandemic- Free foodgrains to about 81.4 crore
induced contraction, RussianUkraine conflict beneficiaries is being provided under the
and inflation. National Food Security Act for one year
India's GDP growth is expected to remain from January 1, 2023.
robust and in the range of 6- 6.8 % in Services:
Financial Year 2023-24, but detailed some The services sector is expected to grow at 9.1%
downside risks, such as low demand for in FY23, as against 8.4% (YoY) in FY22.
exports, sustained monetary tightening, etc. India was among the top ten services exporting
Inflation: countries in 2021, with its share in world
The RBI projects headline inflation at 6.8% in commercial services exports increasing from 3
FY23, outside its comfort zone of 2% to 6%, per cent in 2015 to 4 per cent in 2021.
but the Survey is optimistic about the inflation Digital Infrastructure::
levels and trajectory. Unified Payment Interface (UPI)-based
Steps taken by government to control inflation transactions grew in value (121 per cent) and
included: Phase wise reduction in export duty volume (115 per cent) terms, between 2019-22,
of petrol and diesel Import duty on major paving the way for its international adoption.
inputs were brought to zero Prohibition on the More than 98 per cent of the total telephone
export of wheat products under HS Code 1101 subscribers are connected wirelessly.
and Imposition of export duty on rice. The overall tele-density in India stood at 84.8
External Sector: per cent in March 2022.
Merchandise exports were US$ 332.8 billion Physical Infrastructure::
for April-December 2022. National Logistics Policy envisions
India diversified its markets and increased its developing an integrated, costefficient,
exports to Brazil, South Africa and Saudi resilient logistics ecosystem in the country for
Arabia. accelerated and inclusive growth.
To increase its market size and ensure better Inland Vessels Act 2021 replaced the 100-
penetration, in 2022, Comprehensive year-old Act to ensure hassle free movement of
Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) Vessels promoting Inland Water Transport.
with UAE. Climate Change and Environment: :
The Economic Cooperation and Trade India declared the Net Zero Pledge to achieve
Agreement (ECTA) with Australia came into net zero emissions goal by 2070. I
force. India is the largest recipient of India achieved its target of 40 per cent installed
remittances in the world receiving US$ 100 electric capacity from non-fossil fuels ahead of
bn in 2022. 2030.
Remittances are the second largest major A mass movement LIFE (Lifestyle for
source of external financing after service Environment) was launched.
export. Sovereign Green Bond Framework (SGrBs)
was issued in November 2022

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National Green Hydrogen Mission launched

to enable India to be energy independent by
2047. Guides future economic policies: It provides a
roadmap for future economic policies, including
Unemployment:
a projection of GDP growth, inflation, and other
Employment levels have risen in the current
key macroeconomic indicators.
financial year, with job creation appearing to
Supports data-driven decision making: The
move into a higher orbit. The urban
Survey provides a comprehensive and in-depth
unemployment rate for people aged 15 years analysis of the Indian economy, including data
and above declined from 9.8% to 7.2%. and evidence-based insights.
Implications for India's economy: The Survey
suggests that India's economy has recovered
from the Covid disruption and is poised for Limitations of Economic survey:
sustained robust growth which will be higher Data Availability: The lack of reliable data
than for almost all major economies. sources and the delay in the release of official
Reference to 2003: The Survey argues that the data can pose challenges for the preparation of
situation in 2023 is similar to 2003, when the the survey.
Indian economy was poised for growth. Forecasting: Predicting the future state of the
Likelihood: India's potential growth rate is economy can be challenging, especially in an
unlikely to rise much above 6% in the next few environment of economic volatility and
years. uncertainty.
Representation of Diverse Sectors: The Indian
Importance of Economic Survey economy is diverse and multi-faceted, and the

Provides an overview of the current state of the survey must be comprehensive enough to
economy: The Survey gives an overview of the represent the varying sectors and their
performance of the Indian economy in the current interlinkages.
financial year, including GDP growth rate, Balancing Policy Recommendations with
inflation, the balance of payments, and other key Objectivity: The Economic Survey is expected
macroeconomic indicators. to be both policy-oriented and objective in its
Identifies key economic challenges: The Survey analysis which is challenging as it requires a
identifies key challenges facing the Indian
delicate balance between providing policy
economy and provides insights into how they can
recommendations and retaining its
be addressed which is crucial for policymakers,
independence.
who use this information to formulate their
economic policies. Addressing Political Pressures: The Economic
Offers policy recommendations: The Survey Survey is a political document, and it must be
provides policy recommendations to the prepared in such a way that it aligns with the
government on how to address economic government's political objectives while also
challenges and promote economic growth and remaining credible and objective.
development. This is important for businesses Managing Expectations: The Survey is widely
and investors, who can use these read and analyzed, and managing public
recommendations to plan their investments and expectations about its contents can be
strategies.
challenging.

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India, France, UAE Trilateral Cooperation Initiative

Why in News? It seeks to promote cooperation in multilateral
organizations such as World Health
India joined UAE, and France for a trilateral Organization (WHO), Gavi-the Vaccine
Cooperation Initiative in fields including Alliance, Global Fund, and Unitaid.
energy, defence, and economy. They will cooperate to implement the One
The idea of this partnership was first discussed at Health approach and support the development
a UNGA meeting in September 2022. of local capacities in biomedical innovation
The initiative will focus on Nuclear and solar and production within developing countries.
power Climate change and biodiversity Defence
preparation Countering infectious diseases Global initiatives launched by India for Clean
Agenda of Trilateral Cooperation Energy
It will serve as a forum to promote the design and

execution of cooperation projects in the fields of Mission LiFE It aims to mobilise at least one
energy, with a focus on solar and nuclear billion Indians and other global citizens to take
individual and collective action for conserving the
energy.
environment in the period 2022-28. It is piloted
The initiative will also help in the fight against
by NITI Aayog and implemented by the Ministry
climate change and the protection of
of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change.
biodiversity, particularly in the Indian Ocean International Solar Alliance (ISA) ISA's
region. objective is to scale up solar energy and reduce
The three sides desired to cooperate in the field the cost of solar power generation through the
of circular economy under the aegis of India’s aggregation of demand for solar finance,
Mission LiFE. technologies, innovation, research, and
They agreed to expand their cooperation through development, and capacity building.
initiatives such as the Mangrove Alliance for One sun, one world, one grid project
Climate led by the UAE and the Indo-Pacific (OSOWOG) It is based on the vision of building
Parks Partnership led by India and France. and scaling inter-regional energy grids to share
The countries have agreed to cooperate in solar energy across the globe. It can be the
defence preparation and in countering infectious solution to most of our global problems in the
diseases. energy sector

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India’s commitment at COP26 Glasgow summit

To take India’s non-fossil fuel energy capacity to
500 GW by 2030. To bring down the carbon
intensity of India by more than 45% by 2030.
India will achieve the target of net zero carbon
emissions by 2070.
Mission Innovation CleanTech Exchange The
network provides access to the expertise and
market insights needed to support new
technologies to access new markets globally.

What are the Other Areas of Cooperation between Also, India and UAE are discussing ways to boost
India and France? non-oil commerce in rupees that will promote the
Defence Cooperation: The three services of both internationalisation of rupees.
countries have regular defence exercises; viz. UAE is the second largest export destination of
Exercise Shakti (Army) Exercise Varuna (Navy) India (after the US) with an amount of over US$
Exercise Garuda (Air Force) 28 billion for the year 2021-22.
India entered into a contract with a French firm to For the UAE, India is the second largest trading
build six Scorpene submarines in India’s partner for the year 2021 with an amount of
Malegaon dockyards through a technology around USD 45 billion (non-oil trade).
transfer arrangement in 2005. Defence Cooperation: With the spread of
Also, India and France had signed the inter- radicalism in the Gulf and South Asia, India
government agreement in 2016, under which looks to enhance security cooperation with the
France agreed to provide 36 Rafale fighter jets at UAE to counter terrorist threats and combat
a cost of around 60,000 crore rupees to India. radicalization.
Other Initiatives: India and France are in joint ‘Desert Eagle II’, is a joint air combat exercise,
efforts to limit climate change and develop the between air forces of India and UAE.
International Solar Alliance.
France has agreed to be part of India's Venus
mission, scheduled for 2025.
Also, ISRO’s Venus instrument, VIRAL (Venus
Infrared Atmospheric Gases Linker) has been
co-developed by French and Russian agencies.

What are the Other Areas of Cooperation between

India and UAE?
Collaboration: They both are the members oF
I2U2 grouping.
Economic Partnership: In 2022 India & UAE
signed a Comprehensive Economic Partnership
Agreement (CEPA) with an aim of taking bilateral
trade to USD 100 billion within 5 years.

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Space Debris
Why in News? What is Space Debris?

Recently, the Ministry of Science and Technology Space debris refers to artificial objects in Earth's
informed the Rajya Sabha about the presence of orbit that no longer serve a useful purpose. This
India's space debris includes defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, and
fragments of debris from collisions or other events.
As per the government, India has 111 Payloads, 105
The floating space debris is a potential hazard for
Space Debris Objects Orbiting Earth which can
operational satellites and colliding with them can
have an impact on the sustainability of outer space
leave the satellites dysfunctional.
and future missions.
This overpopulation of space with objects and
ISRO and academia has been carrying Research and
debris is referred to as Kessler Syndrome.
studies on the potential and emerging threats from Kessler Syndrome: It is a theoretical scenario in
space debris since the early 1990s. which a cascade of collisions between artificial
About objects in low Earth orbit leads to a rapidly increasing
So far, 21 collision avoidance manoeuvres have amount of space debris, making the use of near Earth
been carried out by ISRO to avoid collision threats space impossible for an extended period of time
from other space objects.
Besides, the government is also taking measures to Important Missions to Remove Space Debris
augment domestic capacity for space tourism. For India:
example, ISRO has been conducting feasibility
studies for a sub-orbital space tourism mission i.e., In 2022, ISRO set up the System for Safe and
the Gaganyaan mission. Sustainable Operations Management (IS 4 OM) to
The Gaganyaan programme is engaged in the continually monitor objects posing collision threats,
development of various technologies for human space predict the evolution of space debris, and mitigate the
missions with an objective to demonstrate human risk posed by space debris.
spaceflight capability to low earth orbit. ISRO also carried out 21 collision avoidance
The government has also stressed that all the future manoeuvres of Indian operational space assets in
missions will be taken up after the accomplishment of 2022 to avoid collisions with other space objects.
the Gaganyaan mission.

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ISRO has also set up a Centre for Space Debris Maintaining the Use of Outer Space: By removing
Research to monitor and mitigate the threat of space debris, we can maintain the use of outer space
space debris. for scientific, commercial, and military purposes,
‘Project NETRA’ is also an early warning system ensuring its continued sustainability.
in space to detect debris and other hazards to Protecting Human Spaceflight: Space debris can
Indian satellites. pose a threat to human spaceflight and astronauts, as
Other Initiatives: even small pieces of debris can cause significant
The Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination damage to spacecraft.
Committee (IADC), an international Protecting the Space Environment: Removing
governmental forum, was established in 1993 to space debris will help to prevent the long-term
coordinate efforts between spacefaring nations impacts on the space environment, reducing the
to address the issue of space debris. potential for a "debris belt" that could limit future
The United Nations has established the missions
Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer
SSLV
Space (COPUOS) to develop guidelines for the
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
long-term sustainability of outer space activities,
recently launched the second development flight of
including the mitigation of space debris.
the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)
The European Space Agency (ESA) has
The Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV-D2)
launched the Clean Space initiative, aimed at
was launched successfully from the first launch pad
reducing the amount of space debris and
at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR,
promoting sustainable space activities.
Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
Remove Debris: It is the European Space
It was ISRO’s first launch of 2023. It will place the
Agency’s debris removal demonstration mission
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) earth
in the low Earth orbit (LEO) that aims to test
observation satellite EOS-07 and two co-passenger
and validate multiple active debris removal
satellites Janus1 and AzaadiSat2 in a 450-km
technologies.
circular orbit around the Earth.
Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines of the
Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination
Committee (IADC): IADC's guidelines provide a
set of best practices for reducing the generation of
space debris and mitigating the impact of existing
debris on operational spacecraft and
infrastructure.

Need for removing space debris

Protecting Active Satellites: Removing space
debris will reduce the risk of collisions with
operational satellites, protecting them from
damage and ensuring their continued
functionality.
Ensuring Safe Human Spaceflight: Space debris
removal will create a safer environment for
human spaceflight, reducing the risk of collision
and damage to spacecraft.

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Janus-1 and AzaadiSat2 are developed by start-

ups.
G20 logo: The satellite will also carry the G20 logo
to space and the NCC song to celebrate 75 years of
the organisation
Janus-1 : Janus-1 is a technology demonstrator
satellite built by United States-based Antaris and its
Indian partners XDLinks and Ananth Technologies.
AzaadiSat2 The payloads have been built by 750 girl
students from across India.
The payloads contain: LoRa amateur radio, a sensor
to measure radiation levels in space, and sensors to
measure the health of the satellite such as
temperature, reset count, and inertial data

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Turkiye Earthquakes
Why in News? Reasons of Turkey’s Earthquakes

Recently, powerful tremors were felt in Turkey Turkey is prone to earthquakes because it's located
after an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 struck along a on top of a few active fault lines.
well-known fault line called the Anatolia tectonic A fault line is like a crack in the Earth's surface
block. where two pieces of the Earth's crust meet. When
The earthquakes emerged from relatively shallow these two pieces move, it causes the ground to shake,
depths and were a “strikeslip quake”. It is being which is what we call an earthquake.
described as the strongest Earthquake that Turkey is especially prone to earthquakes because it's
Turkey has experienced in over a century and the located where two of the Earth's tectonic plates, the
worst disaster since 1939. African Plate and the Eurasian Plate, come together
The 1939 earthquake was the Erzincan called Anatolian tectonic plate. When these two plates
move, it can cause the ground to shake and cause
Earthquake that had caused “extreme damage in
earthquakes.
the Erzincan Plain and the Kelkit River Valley.
Additionally, Turkey has many large cities, including
More about the news Istanbul, that are built on top of these active fault
lines. This means that when an earthquake happens, it
Epicentre: The epicentre was about 26 km east of can cause a lot of damage to buildings and homes, and
the Turkish city of Nurdagi at a depth of about 18 can even be dangerous for people.
km on the East Anatolian Fault. In 2020 itself, it recorded almost 33,000 earthquakes in
The quake radiated towards the northeast, bringing the region, according to Disaster and Emergency
devastation to central Turkey and Syria. Management Authority (AFAD).
Damage: This is the strongest earthquake to Turkey’s proneness to earthquakes comes from its
shake the region in more than 100 years. tectonic location. According to one estimate, almost
It has killed at least 3,800 people across Turkey 95% of the country’s land mass is prone to
and Syria. earthquake. About a third of the country is at high
risk, including the areas around the major cities of
Istanbul and Izmir and the region of East Anatolia.
North Anatolian fault (NAF) line: One fault line —
the North Anatolian fault (NAF) line, the meeting point
of the Eurasian and Anatolian tectonic plates — is
known to be “particularly devastating”.

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Damage to the ancient historical sites Measuring the magnitude

Gaziantep Kalesi: Richter Scale (denoted as ML) - Devised in 1935
The historic 2,200-year-old stone castle sitting atop a by Charles Francis Richter, the Richter Scale is a
hill in the centre of Gaziantep. logarithmic scale, where each step represents a
Known locally as Gaziantep Kalesi, the historic tenfold increase in magnitude.
stone castle was first constructed as an observation Thus, an earthquake measuring 7 on the Richter
point by the Hittite Empire during the second Scale has 10 times the magnitude of one measured 6.
millennium BC. Moment Magnitude Scale (denoted as Mw) – It is
Yeni Mosque: One of the most prominent sites in a logarithmic scale which is related to the total
Maltaya, the famous Yeni Mosque which dates back energy released in the earthquake. This scale
to the 13th century, has collapsed due to the provides a more accurate estimate of magnitude.
earthquake.
Earthquake-prone zones India’s Aid to Turkiye
The regions regularly exhibiting earthquakes include Recently, under Operation Dost, India dispatched
the Indian Air Force (IAF) C17 Globemaster transport
Circum-Pacific seismic belt - along the rim of the aircraft with relief material to Turkey as part of its
Pacific Ocean Humanitarian And Disaster Relief efforts to assist
Alpide belt - along the southern margin of Eurasia earthquake-hit Turkey and Syria.
through the Himalayan Mountains, Sumatra, and Java Operation Dost symbolises that India is a friend of
Mid-Atlantic Ridge - along the floor of the Atlantic Turkey and the two must deepen their relations.
Ocean Earlier, the NDRF was sent to two similar
international operations – the 2011 Japan triple
disaster (earthquake, tsunami and nuclear meltdown)
and the 2015 Nepal earthquake.

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 GK Gazette - January 2023

Solar Energy in India

Why in News? of silicon wafers and around 80% of cells even at the
current deployment levels.
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy India remains dependent on import of solar modules
(MNRE) has extended the deadline to install 30,000 for field deployment.
MW solar power capacity in rural India to March Target - By 2030, India is targeting about 500 GW of
2026 under PMKUSUM (Pradhan Mantri Kisan renewable energy deployment, out of which 280 GW
Urja Suraksha Evam Uttham Mahabhiyan). is expected from solar PV.
This necessitates the deployment of nearly 30 GW of
What is PM KUSUM? solar capacity every year until 2030.

ABOUT: It is a scheme by the Ministry of New

and Renewable Energy launched in 2019.
It is aimed at ensuring energy security for farmers in
India, along with India’s commitment to increase the
share of installed capacity of electric power from
non-fossil-fuel sources to 40% by 2030 as part of
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions
(INDCs).
Objective: It aims to enable farmers to set up solar
power generation capacity on their arid lands and to
sell it to the grid.
It also seeks to increase the income of farmers by
allowing them to sell surplus solar power to the grid.

What is India’s status and target on solar

energy?
The Indian renewable energy sector is the fourth
most attractive renewable energy market in the
world with fifth rank in solar power, as of 2020. The International Solar Alliance (ISA) was a joint
India only produces 3.5 GW of cells currently. effort by India and France to mobilize efforts against
India has no manufacturing capacity for solar wafers climate change through deployment of solar energy
and polysilicon ingots, and currently imports 100% solutions. It is guided by its ‘Towards 1000’ strategy.

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 GK Gazette - January 2023

What are the advantages?

Safe - Use of solar energy will eliminate unsafe
consequences.
Combats Climate Change - Solar power can restrict
climate change as it produces no carbon emissions.
Decentralized Electricity Source - Electricity can be
generated using photo - voltaic cells installed on
roof - tops of individual buildings.
Green energy in rural area - This is crucial for agri -
business in farms for running irrigation,
greenhouses, and crop and hay dryers, making
agriculture risk - free.
Employment Generation - For small businesses
engaged in installations, followed by solar
designers, sales person and service professionals.

What are the misconceptions?

Solar electricity is intermittent and coal electricity is
continuous. So, the cost of storage by battery has to
be added
Cost - The true economic value of coal is lower than
its market price, since the cost of labour in mining
carries a shadow price of zero (they being unskilled
workers who would be unemployed otherwise).

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Save Wetlands Campaign

Why in News? What are Wetlands?
According to Ramsar Convention wetlands are
The Union Minister for Environment, Forest and defined as: “areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water,
Climate Change launched the ‘Save Wetlands whether natural or artificial, permanent or
Campaign’ in Goa. temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh,
Two publications were also released during the brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the
occasion, ‘India’s 75 Amrit Dharohar- India’s depth of which at low tide does not exceed six
Ramsar Sites Factbook’ and ‘Managing Climate metres”.
Risks in Wetlands – A Practitioner’s Guide. Sequester Carbon: Wetlands are part of global
The practitioner’s Guide on Climate Risk cycles for water, nitrogen and sulphur. Wetlands
Assessment provides step-wise guidance. store carbon within their plant communities and soil
instead of releasing it to the atmosphere as carbon
More about the news
dioxide.
The Save Wetlands Campaign aims to enable Fighting Against Climate Change: Wetlands also
affirmative actions for wetlands conservation by help reduce the risk of disasters such as floods, by
taking a “whole of society” approach. acting as buffers. Paradise for Migratory Birds:
Activities involved: sensitizing people of the value Millions of migratory birds flock to wetlands
of wetlands increasing the coverage of wetland Cultural and Tourism Importance: Wetlands also
mitras building citizen partnerships for wetlands have a deep connection with Indian culture and
conservation. traditions.
World Wetlands Day:
It is observed on 2nd February every year to Global Initiatives
commemorate the signing of the Ramsar Convention Ramsar Convention: The convention aims at conservation
on Wetlands of International Importance in 1971. and wise use of all wetlands through local and national
India is a party to the Convention since 1982 and actions and international cooperation. It came into force in
1975.
has so far declared 75 wetlands as Ramsar sites The
Montreux Record: It is a register of Ramsar wetland sites
2023 theme for World Wetlands Day is ‘Wetland
where changes in ecological character have occurred, are
Restoration’ which highlights the urgent need to occurring, or are likely to occur as a result of technological
prioritize wetland restoration developments, pollution or other human interference.
World Wetlands Day: It is celebrated every year on the 2nd
of February across the globe

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Indian Initiatives
Statutory Protection: In India, the wetlands are
regulated under the Wetlands (Conservation and
Management) Rules, 2017. The 2010 Rules
provided for a Central Wetland Regulatory
Authority, but new Rules of 2017 replaced it with
state-level bodies and created a National Wetland
Committee, which functions in an advisory role.
Action Plan of MoEFCC: The Ministry of
Environment, Forest and Climate Change
(MoEFCC) supports the implementation of
management action plans for over 250 wetlands
under schemes such as National Plan for
Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, Mangroves
and Coral Reefs, and Integrated Development of
Wildlife Habitats. .
Ramsar sites in India
India has added 11 more wetlands to the list of
Ramsar sites to make a total of 75 Ramsar sites
covering an area of 13,26,677 ha in the country in
the 75th year of Independence.
Tamil Nadu has the maximum number of
Ramsar sites (14 nos), followed by UP which has
10 nos. of Ramsar sites.

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India Energy Week

Why in News? "Green mobility refers to the use of
environmentally-friendly and sustainable
The Prime Minister inaugurated the India Energy transportation options to reduce carbon emissions
Week (IEW) 2023, in Bengaluru. The PM also and preserve natural resources."
launched E20 fuel and flagged off the Green Other Initiatives: The PM also launched the
Mobility Rally. uniforms under the ‘Unbottled’ initiative of Indian
Oil. These uniforms are made of recycled PET
More about the news bottles.
IndianOil is taking this initiative further through
India Energy Week is the first significant energy
‘Unbottled’ - a brand for sustainable garments
event of the G20 calendar organised from the 6th
launched for merchandise made from recycled
to the 8th of February and aims to showcase India's
polyester.
rising prowess as an energy transition powerhouse.
The PM also dedicated the twin-cooktop model of
The event brings together leaders to discuss the
the Indian Oil’s Indoor Solar Cooking System and
challenges and opportunities that a responsible
flagged off its commercial roll-out.
energy transition presents.
What is the E-20 Ethanol Fuel and Green
Mobility Rally?
Ethanol Blending programme has been a key
focus area of the Government to achieve Atma
Nirbharta in the field of energy.
E20 is a blend of 20% ethanol with petrol. The
Government aims to achieve a complete 20%
blending of ethanol by 2025, and HPCL and other
oil marketing companies are setting up 2G-3G
ethanol plants that will facilitate the progress.
Green Mobility Rally: The Green Mobility Rally's
purpose was to raise public awareness for green
fuels. It saw the participation of 57 vehicles
running on sustainable energy sources such as
E20, E85, Flex Fuel, Hydrogen, Electric, etc.

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The Adani-Hindenburg Saga

Why in News?
While Adani bonds are listed on the US exchange,
Hindenburg’s reference to the ‘non-Indian-traded
Stocks of Adani Group tumbled recently after
derivatives’ raised the alarm for Indian regulators.
Hindenburg Research has highlighted financial
Short selling or shorting is a trading strategy based on
irregularities in the company.
the expectation that the price of the security will fall.
What is Hindenburg Research? In short selling, the trader usually does not own the
securities he sells, but merely borrows them.
Along with developing more than 3,100 miles of the
country’s road network, Adani Group is the largest
What happened aftermath the Hindenburg
private operator of India’s sea and airports, report?
controlling 33% of Indian air cargo traffic and 24%
of its shipping capacity. The group’s stocks and Mr. Adani’s personal wealth
Hindenburg Research is an investment research have taken a plunge after the report.
The Adani Group has been facing a crisis of
firm that focuses on analysing accounting
confidence as the stocks of most of its companies
irregularities, undisclosed transactions, illegal
have been on the fall.
business or financial reporting practices among
Once ranked No. 2 among the world’s wealthiest, he
others.
has tumbled to No. 21 on the Bloomberg Billionaires
It alleged that Gautam Adani, founder and
Index.
chairman of the Adani group, has added over $100
Adani Enterprises decided to call off its Rs 20,000
billion to his net worth over the last three years,
crore follow-on public offer and return the money
largely through stock manipulation and fraud. that it had collected from investors.
The research firm has raised concerns about its An FPO is a process wherein a company that is
substantial debt. Hindenburg alleged that Adani already publicly listed in the stock market issues
used offshore shells for money laundering and additional shares to investors.
siphoned from listed companies. Hindenburg It is made by the company after an Initial Public
revealed about short positions in Adani companies Offering (IPO). Morgan Stanley Capital International
through bonds and non-Indian-traded derivative (MSCI), a global index provider for financial
instruments. markets, announced that it will reduce the free float
As per India’s tax and SEBI laws, short selling of designations for four Adani Group companies in
domestic stocks outside the country’s jurisdiction multiple indices.
is illegal unless they are listed on any exchange.

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Free float is a term used in finance and investing to

describe the portion of a company's shares that are
available for trading on the open market.
It refers to the number of shares that are not held by
company insiders, such as executives, employees,
or large institutional shareholders, and are therefore
available for purchase by the general public.

What are the impacts this episode on the economy?

Capital flow - MSCI’s decision will adversely affect
the amount of capital flowing into the Adani stocks
as many passive investors invest in the indices that
are constructed by bodies such as the MSCI.
India’s index drop - Goldman Sachs believes that
India’s weight in the MSCI’s emerging markets
index itself could drop by 20-30 basis points
following the resultant reduction in weight of Adani
stocks.
Hit on banks - The turmoil has not only hammered
Adani Group shares but is also hitting banks that
have given loans to the companies including the
State Bank of India.
Investor confidence - The Adani-related headlines
are generating a high level of negative attention,
which could dampen investor appetite for Indian
stocks.
Raising capital - All this can adversely affect the
group’s efforts to raise capital from investors,
whether it is in the form of equity or debt offerings.
Scarcity of shares - The Indian-listed entities faces
scarcity of shares for short sellers to borrow, and
they are therefore more expensive.
India’s growth - If the slide in asset prices
continues and further shakes investor confidence in
Adani’s empire, that would be a setback for India’s
growth story at a pivotal time.

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Excercise Tarkash
Why in News? Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

In a first, India-US conduct drills on nuke, CBRN weapons, which are also classified as
chemical, bio terror attacks prevention. weapons of mass destruction (WMD), have been
The exercise by the National Security Guard used by States and terror elements in the past.
(NSG) and US Special Operations Forces (SOF) The most recent use of CBRN in the form of a sarin
is being held in Chennai. gas attack was witnessed in Syria in 2017 when more
Indo-US joint exercise has for the first time included than 100 people died.
“Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear According to the UN, the prospect of non-state
(CBRN) terror response” in its drill. actors, including terrorists and their supporters,
During the course of joint exercise, both forces also gaining access to and using WMDs or CBRNs is a
conducted joint mock counter-terrorism drills at “serious threat to international peace and security”.
multiple locations in Chennai to enhance
interoperability and coordination between the Treaties against WMD
two special forces. Geneva Protocol, 1925, that banned the use of
Sixth edition: This is the sixth edition of the chemical and biological weapons
exercise which began on January 16 and will end on Biological Weapons Convention, 1972, and
February 14. Chemical Weapons Convention, 1992, which put
Russian allegations: The exercise comes in the comprehensive bans on the biological and chemical
backdrop of Russian allegations against Ukraine weapons respectively.
recently that Kyiv had orchestrated a chemical India has signed and ratified both the 1972 and
attack in Kharkiv. 1992 treaties.
Opportunity: The training provided an opportunity There are very few non-signatory countries to these
for both the forces to gain proficiency and enhance treaties, even though several countries have been
skill sets for an effective CBRN terror response. accused of non-compliance.
Subject matter experts in Chemical, Biological, The use and proliferation of nuclear weapons is
Radiological and Nuclear warfare from the US regulated by treaties such as Nuclear Non-
Special Forces and the NSG exchanged valuable Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and the Comprehensive
knowledge in handling CBRN threat in an urban Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).
counter-terrorism environment

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Both sides have conducted a number of

India-USA Relations
PASSEX with the US carrier groups in the
Defence and Security:
Indian Ocean Region.
India-US defence cooperation is based on
Quad:
“New Framework for IndiaUS Defence
The four Quad partners (India, Japan, United
Cooperation”, which was renewed for a
States & Australia) first formed a “Core
period of ten years in 2015.
Group” in 2004, to swiftly mobilise aid during
In 2016, the defence relationship was
the joint response to the 2004 Tsunami.
designated as a Major Defence Partnership
Since 2017, Quad engagements have increased
(MDP).
and intensified. In 2019, the first Quad Foreign
The MDP recognizes a shared desire to build
Ministerial Meeting was held in New York
a comprehensive, enduring and mutually
(December 2019).
beneficial defence partnership.
Counter Terrorism Cooperation:
Several defence agreements have been signed
Cooperation in counter-terrorism has seen
in recent years. These include:
considerable progress with information
Logistics Exchange Memorandum of
exchange, operational cooperation and sharing
Association (August 2016)
of counterterrorism technology and equipment.
Memorandum of Intent between the U.S.
India-U.S. Joint Working Group on Counter-
Defence Innovation Unit (DIU).
Terrorism oversees the expanding CT
the Indian Defence Innovation Organisation –
cooperation.
Innovation for Defence Excellence (2018) Cyber Security Cooperation:
Communications Compatibility and Security The India-US Cyber Framework signed in
Agreement (September 2018) September 2016, provides for expanding
Industrial Security Agreement (December cooperation in the cyber domain.
2019); Basic Exchange and Cooperation Energy sector:
Agreement (October 2020). India and the US have a strong bilateral
Bilateral military exercises and defence partnership in the energy sector.
exchanges are important aspects of deepening In 2010, bilateral Energy Dialogue was
military-to-military cooperation. launched.
In addition to a number of service-to-service Science and Technology:
exercises, in 2019 a triservices exercise– India-US cooperation in Science and
Tiger Triumph was conducted in November Technology is multi-faceted and has been
2019. growing steadily under the framework of the
Bilateral and regional exercises include: Yudh India-US Science and Technology Cooperation
Abhyas (Army); Vajra Prahar (Special Agreement signed in October 2005, which was
Forces); RIMPAC; Red Flag. renewed for a period of ten years in September
In November 2020, the Royal Australian 2019.
Navy joined the U.S.-India Japan ISRO and NASA are working together to
MALABAR Naval Exercise held in the Bay realise a joint microwave remote sensing
of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. satellite for Earth observation, named NASA
ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR).

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 GK Gazette - January 2023

Education partnership:
It is an important pillar of India-US ties and
both the countries share strong linkages and
history of higher education collaborations.
The United States Educational Foundation in
India (USEFI) was set up after a bilateral
agreement on education exchange was signed
between India and the US on February 2, 1950
Indian Diaspora:
About 4.2 million Indian Americans/Indian
origin people reside in the US. The Indian
Americans [3.18 million] constitute the third
largest Asian ethnic group in the USA.

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 GK Gazette - January 2023

Most Important
Questions
For CLAT, AILET and OLETs

1.Which Article of the Constitution deals with the 5.What is the full form of PVTG?
Budget? a. Public Ventures and Trade Groups
a. Art 100 b. Protected Victim Tax Guidelines
b. Art 119 c. Private Voluntary Technical Groups
c. Art 112 d. Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups
d. Art 221
6.Who was the First Finance Minister of
2.Who is the Chief Economic Advisor of India Independent India?
a. Nirmala Sitaraman a. Liquat Ali Khan
b. Surrendra Singh
b. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
c. V. Angantha Rameswaran
c. R.K. Shanmukham Chetty
d. S. Ramakrishnan
d. John Mathai

3.Which of the following is not a feature of the

7.What is meant by the Angel Tax?
budget in India?
a. A tax levied on investments made by foreign
a. It is an annual statement of the government's
angel investors in Indian startups
revenue and expenditure.
b. It is presented to the Parliament by the Finance b. A tax on profits earned by Indian startups in the
Minister. initial years of their operations
c. It includes estimates of the government's receipts c. A tax levied on the valuation of shares issued by
and expenditures for the upcoming financial year. Indian startups to their investors
d. It is a constitutional requirement that must be d. A tax on the salaries paid to the founders and
passed by both houses of Parliament. early employees of Indian startups

4.When was the first budget ever introduced in India? 8.Which legislation deals with taxation in India?
a. 1849 a. The Income Tax Act, 1961
b. 1860 b. The Finance Act, 2019
c. 1947 c. The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Act, 2017
d. 1950 d. All of the above

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 GK Gazette - January 2023

14. Consider the following statements:

9.What are the priorities of the 2023-24 budget 1. The International Solar Alliance was launched at
called? the United Nations Climate Change Conference in
a. Panchpran 2015.
b. Panchamrit 2. The Alliance includes all the member countries
c. Ekai of the United Nations.
d. Saptarishi
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
10.What is the theme of India’s G20 Presidency? a. 1 only
a. Human-Centred Future Society
b. 2 only
b. One Earth. One Family. One Future
c. Both 1 and 2
c. Recover Together, Recover Stronger
d. Neither 1 nor 2
d. Recover Together, Recover Healthier

15. What is the full form of VIRAL?

11. What is the full form of MISHTI?
a. Venus Infrastructure Atmospheric Grants
a. Man Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible
Linker
Incomes
b. Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & b. Venture Infrastructure Admissible Grants
Tangible Incomes Linker
c. Man Initiative for Shaving Habitats & Tangible c. Venus Infrared Atmospheric Gases Linker
Incomes d. Venture Infrastructure Administrative Grants
d. Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Linker
Terrestrial Initiative
16. Which of the following is not a part of the said
12.Who is the chairman of CTBT Trilateral Cooperation Initiative?
a. Anuja Sarangi a. USA
b. Subashree Anantkrishnan b. India
c. Sangeeta Singh c. France
d. Nitin Gupta d. UAE

13.What is the objective of Vivad se Vishwas 17. I2U2 Alliance is also called as ?
Scheme -II a. East Asian Quad
a. To reduce the burden of pending tax litigation on b. West Asian Quad
taxpayers and the government. c. South West Quad
b. To provide tax exemption for small businesses and
d. Middle Asian Quad
startups.
c. To promote foreign investment in the Indian
18. Which of the following is the biggest Mangrove
economy.
Forest in the World?
d. To increase the tax collection target for the
a. Florida Mangroves
government.
b. Sundarbans Reserve Forest
c. Pichavaram Mangrove Forest
d. Godavari-Krishna Mangroves

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 GK Gazette - January 2023

19.What is the name of the Military Exercise that is 24 .NDRF functions under which of the following
held between India and France? ministries?
a. Shakti a. Ministry of Electronics and IT
b. Varuna b. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
c. Garuda Change
d. All of the Above c. Ministry of Earth Sciences
d. Ministry of Home Affairs
20. What is the name of the humanitarian mission
sent to Turkey by India to assist with the recent 26 .Turkey sits on along a well known fault line
earthquake?
known as?
a. Operation Saathi
a. Antonia tectonic block
b. Relief4life
b. Alpin Fault Line
c. Operation Dost
c. Altyn Tagh Fault
d. Operation Maitri
d. San Andreas Tectonic Block
21. Which of the following is the scale used to
27 . What is the full form of PM KUSUM
measure earthquakes?
a. Mercalli Scale a. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Sarvekshan Evam
b. Richter Scale Uttham Mahabhiyan
c. Both of the above b. Prime Minister Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam
d. None of the above Uttham Mahabhiyan
c. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam
22.Who is the Director General of NDRF? Uttham Mahabhiyan
a. R K Pachnanda d. Prime Minister Kirana Urja Sarvekshan Evam
b. Atul Karwal Uttham Mahabhiyan
c. Bharat Bhushan Vaid
d. Manoj Kumar 28 . When was the National Solar Mission
launched?
23. What was the name of the memorial built in a. 2010
memory for the victims of 2001 Bhuj Earthquake that b. 2012
was recently visited by G20 delegates? c. 2015
a. Swlamban Earthquake Museum d. 2014
b. Aapdaprath Earthquake Museum
c. Anpad Earthquake Museum 29 . Which of the following is the newest member
d. Smriti Van Earthquake Museum
to join ISA (International Solar Alliance)?
a. Brazil
24.What is the full form of HADR?
b. Hungary
a. Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief
c. Norway
b. Humans and Destructive Resources
d. Republic of Congo
c. Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief
d. Human Aid for Disaster Relief

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42.Which of the state has the following state has the 48. What is the meaning of “Short Selling”
most numbers of Ramsar Sites
a. Kerala a. Short selling involves borrowing and selling a
b. Uttar Pradesh stock, expecting its price to fall, with the aim of
c. Madhya Pradesh buying it back at a lower price to make a profit.
d. Tamil Nadu b. Short selling is a type of derivative contract that
allows investors to profit from the rise or fall of an
43 . Which of the following was arrested for the NSE underlying asset without actually owning it.
Scam in March 2022, whose bail was recently upheld c. Short selling is a trading strategy used to buy
by the SC? stocks at a lower price than their current market
a. Chanda Kochhar
value.
b. Chitra Ramkrishna
d. Short selling is a term used to describe the
c. Harshad Mehta
process of selling a stock quickly after buying it, to
d. Madhabi Puri Buch
minimize losses in case the price falls.

44 .According to the report, the Adani Group

49.What is the name of the bilateral anti-terror
manipulated what amount in stocks?
exercise that was held between USA and India
a. 20 billion USD b. 218 billion USD
c. 137 billion USD d. 94 billion USD
a. PASSEX b. Tarkash
c. Tiger Triumph d. Malabar
45 .Which of the following is the Chairman of SEBI?
a. S.S. Mundra 50. Which edition of the exercise was this?
b. T.C. Suseel Kumar a. Seventh b. Sixth
c. Madhabi Puri Buch c. Fourth d. First
d. Ajay Tyagi
51. What is the name of the joint microwave remote
46 . Which of the following was not one of the steps sensing satellite for Earth observation being
taken by the Indian Government following the developed as a collaboration between NASA and
Harshad Mehta Scam? ISRO?
a. Formation of NSE a. GRNSS
b. Formation of SEBI b. SONAR
c. Development of the CII Code for Desirable c. NavIC
Corporate Governance d. NISAR
d. The passing of the Securities and Exchange
Board of India Act, 1992 52.This exercise for the first time included CBRN.
What is the full form of CBRN?
47 . Which of the following published the research a. Chemical, Biological, Radiation, Nuclear
that has highlighted financial irregularities in the b. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear
Adani Group?
c. Chemical, Biological, Radiologic, Nuclear
a. Economic and Social Research Council
d. Chemical, Biological, Radiation, Nucleic
b. GuildStar
c. ARCH India
d. Hindenburg Research

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53 .What is true of India in its adherence to the 59 .Which of the following songs earned India its
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and the first Golden Globe for an Indian Movie?
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)? a. Mera Joota Hai Japani b. Jai Ho
a. India has signed and ratified both of the treaties c. Pi’s Lullaby d. Naatu Naatu
b. India has signed and ratified CTBT but not the
NPT 60 .Which of the following Indians has not won an
c. India has signed but not ratified CTBT but has not Oscar?
signed or ratified CTBT a. Gulzar b. Resul Pookutty
d. India has not signed or ratified either one of the c. Satyajit Ray d. Sanjay Leela Bhansali
treaties.
61 . A Netflix Series about a serial killer recently
54 . Where and when was the most recent use of
won a Golden Globe causing a massive uproar.
CBRN seen?
Which of the following serial killers was associated
a. Syria, 2018
with the series?
b. Côte d'iVoire, 2017
a. Steve Avery b. Jeffrey Dahmer
c. South Sudan, 2022
c. Ted Bundy d. John Wayne Gacy Jr
d. Ukraine, 2022

55 .Who is the first Indian to receive a Grammy

62 .Which of the following has been damaged by
Award? Orbital Debris?
a. Zakir Hussain a. GSAT-6A
b. Ravi Shankar b. CARTOSAT-2
c. A.R. Rahman c. IRNSS-1H
d. Vishwa Mohan Bhatt d. INSAT-4B

56 .Which of the following recently became the most 63 .Which organization is responsible for
awarded Grammy Artist developing and maintaining the International
a. The Recording Academy Docking System Standard (IDSS)?
b. The National Academy of Recording Arts and a. NASA
Sciences b. ESA
c. The American Music Awards c. CSA
d. The International Federation of the Phonographic d. Roscomos
Industry
64 . What was the reason why the SSLV-D1 failed?
57 .Which of the following recently became the most a. The satellites burnt all the fuel before entering
awarded Grammy Artist surpassing Georg Solti? the L-1 Point
a. Beyoncé b. Quincy Jones b. It put the satellites into an elliptical orbit
c. Stevie Wonder d. Michael Jackson instead of a circular orbit
c. It put the satellites into a circular orbit instead
58 .Which of the following headlined at the 2023
of an elliptical orbit
Super Bowl Halftime Show?
d. The satellites burnt all the fuel before entering
a. Robyn Fenty b. Chrish Martin
the L-2 Point
c. Taylor Swift d. Harry Styles

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 GK Gazette - January 2023

65 .What is the full form of UNCOPOUS 69 . What is the full form of IS4OM?
a. United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of a. ISRO System for Safe and Sustainable Space
Outer Space Operation
b. United Nations Commission on Space Exploration b. ISRO System for Satiable and Stationary Space
and Research Operation
c. United Nations Conference on the Planetary c. ISRO System for Static and Sustainable Space
Ultimatum on Outer Space Operation
d. United Nations Commission on the Peaceful Uses d. ISRO System for Safe and Stationary Space
of Outer Space Operation

66 . Define what is Kessler Syndrome?

70 .Which of the following companies was the first
a. The rapid depletion of the ozone layer due to
to make a Private Launch Vehicle?
human activities causing irreparable damage to the
a. Agnikul Cosmos
Earth's atmosphere.
b. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
b. A situation in which Earth's magnetic field is
c. Skyroot Aerospace
disrupted, leading to increased levels of solar
d. Bellatrix
radiation on the planet's surface.
c. A condition in which an increase in volcanic
activity around the world leads to a buildup of ash in
71 .Which of the following is an early warning
the Earth's atmosphere, causing global cooling. system in space to detect debris and other hazards
d. A hypothetical scenario in which a cascade of to Indian satellites?
collisions between artificial objects in low Earth orbit a. AKASH
leads to a rapidly increasing amount of space debris, b. NETRA
making the use of near-Earth space impossible for an c. AGN1
extended period of time. d. PRITHVI

67 .Which of the following will be the first mission to

capture and remove a piece of space debris from 72 .Which of the following satellites will be carried
orbit. by SSLV-D2?
a. ClearSpace-1 a. Janus-1
b. RemoveDebris b. AzaadiSat-2
c. DebrisBusters c. EOS-7
d. Space Sweepers d. All of the above

68 . What is the meaning of Space Docking?

a. The process of attaching two spacecraft together in
orbit
b. The process of sending a spacecraft to another
planet
c. The process of launching a satellite into space
d. The process of landing a spacecraft on a celestial
body

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GK Gazette - January 2023

ANSWER KEY
1.C 40. D
2.C 41. A
3.D 42. D
4.B 43.B
5.D 44. B
6.C 45. C
7.A 46. B
8.D 47. D
9.D 48. A
49.B
10. B
50. B
11. B
51. D
12. D
52. B
13. A
53. D
14.A
54. A
15. C
55. B
16. A 56. A
17. B 57. A
18. A 58. D
19. D 59. D
20.C 60. A
21. A 61. B
22. B 62. A
23. D 63. D
24. C 64. A
25. D 65. A
26. A 66. A
27.C 67. C
28. A 68. B
29. D 69. D
30. D 70. A
31. B 71. B
32.D 72. D
33. B
34. D
35. C
36. C
37.B
38. C
39. C
National Law Training Institute Page 31
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