conse

stems are Succulent to

i) The adsmal
mostly thick and
small
to minime
Leaves are
3A Agreat variety of flora is found in India.forGive
this
(i) evaporation.
three geographical factors responsible thorn torests
vegetation of thorn
diversification of flora.
7 How have the climate?
Ans. About 47,000 plant species and 90,000 species of adapted to the
animals are found in India. forests are found in the region with.
The Thorn rainfal.
Following are the factors responsible for a great variey than 70 cm th
offlorafound in India features of vegetations of
The adaptive
() Varied relief features
are
(in Varied landforms Roots are long which can penetrate deepinto
( moisture.
(ii) Terrains and soils soil to get
(iv) Range of daily and annual temperaturec succulent to conserve water.
(i) Stems are
to minimise evaporation
4 How do human beings influence the ecologY (ii) Leave are thick
of a region? Explain. mangrove forest.
exploitation of the plants and (8,in which part of India,
two characteristics of thhes
Ans. Due to the excessive ecosystem found? Mention
animal resources by human beings, the forests.
has been disturbed.
over-utilisation
Or
The greed of human beings leads to mangrove
of natural resources. They cut the tres and
kill
Expláin any three features of
animals, creating ecological imbalance. forests.
As a result, some of the plants and
animals have
forests are found in
Ans. Mangrove
reached the verge of extinction. Ganga-Brahmaputra delta, Krishna, Kaveri,
Godavari and Mahanadi delta.
5 Explain any three characteristics of tropical follows
évergreen forests Characteristics of these forests are as
evergreen förests are submerged under
Ans. Three characteristics of tropical () Roots of these plants remain
m or even
() The trees reach a great height upto 60 water.
salt
above. Trees are tall, thick and have
vigorous (i) The tree species can tolerate high
growth. concentration.
and wet throughout the sucking oxygen
() As the region is warm (ii) Roots develop aerial root for
year, it has a luxuriant vegetation of all following
kinds-trees, shrubs and creepers giving it a
9
Name the natural habitat of the
multilayered structure. animal species.
(iii) There is no definite time for trees to
shed their (i) Elephant (i) one-horned Rhinoceros
leaves, as such these forests apPpear green all the (iii) Camels (iv) Indian Lion
year round. (v) Tigers (vi) Yak

In which region are the thorny forests and Ans.

scrubs found in India? Mention any two Animal Natural Habitat
characteristics of such type of vegetation. Elephant Hot wet forests of
Assan.
Or ) *
Karnataka and Keraa
Explain any three features of the thorn forests Swampy, marshy lans
(0) One horned Benga
and scrubs. Rhinoceros ASsam and West
Ans. Thorny forests and scrubs are found in the
North-Western part of the country including (ii) Camels Thar Deserts
semi-arid areas of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya (iv) Indian Lion Gir forest
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. Pre
(V) Tigers Forest of Madhya
Characteristics of the thorn förests and scrubs are as Sunderbens (West 6e*
follows Himalayan Region
have long roots
() Trees are scattered andthe soil in order to ger vi) Yak Ladakh
penetrating deep into
moisturc.
 very Short Answer (VSAJ Type Questions 1Matke
with wh
How many mega bio-diversity countries are trees are found in forests
SalAmount hat
of annual rainfall?
therein the world?. are found in deciduous
ae
forests fboth
Sal trees
Ans. There are rwelve mega bio-diversity countries in the Aus, dry). Thus, they are found in
t
World. (moist and ests
annual rainfall between 70 and 200 cm.
Which plant out of algae, fungi, ferns and
orchids is a flowering plants? 11 What kinds of forests are found in the
areas with less than 70 cm annual rainfah
Ans. Only orchidis a flowering plant, while remaining
and scrub type of forests are found in area
are the non-flowering plants. Ans. Thorn
with less than 70 cm annual rainfall.
Which wetland of India is very popularwith
ilamingoes which are nesting? 12 What are the common animals found in thon,
tho

Ans. The Rann of Kutch is the wetland that is most and scrub forests?
popular with flamingoes which are nesting. Ans,5. In thorn and scrub forests, the common anima
found are rats, mice, rabbits, foxes, wolves, tige
4 State one characteristic of forests. lions, wild ass, horses and camels.
Ans. Forests give humus to soil, control soil erosion and
regulate the flow of water. 13 Sundari tree is an example of whichtyped
natural vegetation?
5 Which Union Territory has the maximum mangrove forests.
percentage of its area under forest cover? Ans. Sundari tree is an example of
Ans. Andaman and Nicobar Islands is the Union 4 Which trees out of coconut, cactus, acacia
Territory which has the maximum percentage of its and cinchona are found in mangrove forestsl
area under forest cover, i.e. 86%.
Ans. Only coconut trees are found in mangrove
forests. Cactus and acacia are found in thornfores
What are the
evergreen
climatic conditions of tropical
while cinchona trees are found in tropical evergret
forests?
forests.
Aus. The climatic conditions of tropical avergreen
forests
are high temperature and heavy rainfall (above
15 What is the main medicinal use of the
200 cm per year).
Sarpagandha plant?
7 What kinds of commercially important trees Ans. The main medicinal use of the Sarpagandhapani
are found in tropical evergreen forests? to treat high blood pressure.
Ans, The commercially important trees found in tropical
evergreen forests are ebony, mahogany, rosewood, Which medicinal plant has both anti-bacte
rubber and cinchona. and anti-biotic properties?

8 What kinds of forests are found in the areas Ans. The neem plant has both anti-bacterial and
with annual rainfall between 100 and 200 anti-biotic properties.
cm? 17 Which major the
animals are preserved in
deciduous type of forests are found
Ans. Tropical moist Kaziranga, Sunderbans, Gir and Simlipa
in the areas with annual rainfall between 100 and Sanctuary/Reserve?
200 cm.
Ans. Kaziranga National Park is the reserve
What are the most widespread forests in India? the rhinoceros, Sunderban is the home of
Ans.
Tropical deciduous forests, which cover 64% of India's the Royal Bengal Tiger. Gir is famous as tne
forest areg (Dry 30% and Moist 34%), as per a survey Sole home of the Asiatic Lion in India and
Simlipal is well-known as a sanctu forelep
carried out in 2009 are most widespread forests in
India.
 Vegetation and Wildlife

which state is Gir forest located? 24 HOTS Are mangrove toreste fur
is ocated in Gujarat state of india. regions wbere the Narmada ai
Gir forest
low into the Arabtan Seat
How will you define a sanctuary? Ans. No, they are not, as mangrive fiereat
is an area designated for the protection
A sanctu. the delta regions of the kast cenaat,
ofwild animals. estuaries of the Narmada and fapi

20An which state

of India Dachigam National 25 HOTS India has how many nat
Park is located? Jammu and
and wildlife sanctuariest
Dachingam national parkis located in Ans. India has 89 national parks and 4
Kashmir. sanctuaries
HOTS Name the biosphere reserves which 26 (HOTS)In which of the states
i-

in the World Network of Pradesh, Assam and Rajasth

have been included
Biosphere Reserves. evergreen forests found?
Devi, Nilgiri, Gulf of Tropical evergreen forests are
low
The Sunderbans, Nanda Ans,
Ars. reserves which have been
Mannar arce the biosphere Assam.
included in the World
Network of Biosphere
states
Reserves.
27 HOTS In which of the a=
Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand
for a species
HOTSWhat is the term used environment? tropical deciduous
forests
22
another at
if it is introduced to Ans. Tropical deciduous forests
species. They are natural vegetation Odisha, Chhattisgarh
anei Jha=
As.Itrefers to exotic
from foreign countries. only tropical thorn
and *rub
which is originally
=
migratory birds from the 28 HOTS Alpine vegetation
3 HOTS) Why are found in winter
mostly grasslands are extensive
Northern part of Asia India?
nomadic tribes of
in the wetlands of India? of Asia are vegetation along
witE
Northern part
Migratory birds from the wetands of India Ans. Alpine nømadie
in the cxtensively used by
OStly tound in winter provide adequate food and Bakarwals for grazing
because the wetlands having an equable
besides
water for these birds,
dimate. Questions
(SA) Type
Short Answer meant by vege
2 What is the natural
biodiversity in naturalis
today?
DScuss in brief about
Discuss refers
India Telve Narusal vegetation mir
 Answer VSA YD
Very Short What is
stubble?
11 Iks left in the
grain stalks t ground
pastoralists Lower ends of stubble
How doyou define nomadic o
Ans. harvesting is known as
Ans. Nomadic pastoralists are people who move from
place to another with their herds to earn
a living animals are reared by the
heKuruna
12 Which
ol Kurubas?
Who are the pastoral nomadic communities and
are reared by the Kurumas
Kurs
Sheep and goats
and
Jammu and Kashmir? Ans.
Ans, Gujjar Bakarwals are the pastoral nomadic Kurubas.
communities of Jammu and Kashmir.
13 Where were the
Banjaras nd and
found andswhat
3 What is Kafila? their occupation?
group of graziers were
Ans. Kafila group of people of several household, who
is a Banjaras, a well-known
Ans. Punjab, Rajasthan
move together in the journey. found in Uttar Pradesh,
They sold ploueh
4What is mandap?
Pradesh and Maharashtra.
villagers in exchange for grain
a
and other goods to
Ans. A mandap is a place of living and also a work place
and fodder.
of Gujjar cattle herders where they make ghee, w
which they take down for sale. 14 Name any three states where Banjaraswere
5 Name the state from which Gaddi shepherds found?
in Uttar
hail. Ans. Banjaras are nomadic herders found
Ans. Gaddi shepherds hail from the state of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Rajasthan.
Pradesh.
15 Who are Raikas?
6 Name some pastoral communities of the Ans. The Raikas are a pastoral community of Rajasthan
Himalayas.
Ans. Bhotiyas, Gujjar Bakarwals, Gaddi and Kinnauris 16 What is dhandi?
are some pastoral communities of the Himalayas. Ans. The settlement of Maru Raikas of Rajasthan is
known as dhandi.
7 Name any three important pastoral nomadic
communities found in India in the mountains, 17The Raikas move between which two
plains, plateau and desert regions. regions?
Ans. The pastoral nomadic communities of India are Ans. Before 1947, Raikas moved into Sindh. But after
In the mountains- Gujjar, Bakarwals, Gaddis partition as Sindh became territory of Pakistan so
(i) In the plains and plateaus- Dhangars, Banjaras they started migrating to Haryana.
(iit) In the desert regions- Raikas
18 What is meant by 'reserved
forest'
8 In which state Dhangars are found? Ans. The forest where no pastoralist
was allowed
Ans. Dhangars are an important pastoral community of and which produced commercially valuable
Maharashtra. timber like deodar or sal is
known as 'reserved
forest
9 What is kharif crop?
19 In which type of forests,
1s. The autumn crop, usually harvested between
crop was allowed? pastoral activi
September and October is known as kharif
Ans. In reserved forests, allowed.
no pastoral activity wasa
0 What is rabi crop? harvested after March is 20 When was
S. The spring crop, usually sed?
the Criminal Tribes Act passe
Ans. The Criminal
known as rabi crop. Tribes Act was passed in 15/
 the Modern Worlk
ralists in

tax was imposed by British colonists on 29 Where is Samburu National Park located?
Which
hich t
pastoralists?
2 Ans. Samburu National Park is located in Kenya.
colonists on pastoralists.
Grazing Tax was imposed by
30 Where is Serengeti National Park located?
which continent about half of the population
Ans. Serengeti National Park is located in
Tanzania.
22 In pastoralists?
ive as population live as 31 What happened to the Maasai during the
Africa, about half of th
Ans in severe drought of 1933-34?
pastoralists.
Ans. The severe drought of 1933-34
reduced the
do the Maasai cattle herders live?
n Where cattle population to almost half of what existed in
3 Maasai cattle herders live primarily in East 1930s.
The
Ans
Africa.
32 HOTSJ Why were the Maasai tribes pushed
could Maasai warriors prove their into a small area in South Kenya and North
8 How
manliness? Tanzania?
mcmbers taken over by the British
Ans Massai young men came to be recognised as Ans. The best grazing lands were
of the Warrior class when they proved their
manliness imperialists for settlement, thus the Maasai tribes
groups and were pushed into a small area in South
Kenya and
by raiding the cattle of other pastoral
participating in wars. North Tanzania.

pastoral communities of Africa. cattle become a

25 Name some 33 HOTS Why did feeding theMaasais?
s, Some pastoral communities of Africa are Bedouins, persistent problem for the
Maasai, Somali, Boran and Turkana. grazing in small area deteriorated
Berbers,
Ans. The continuous the cattle
the quality of pasture, thus the feeding of
26 What does the word 'Maasai' mean? Maasais.
became a persistent problem for the
s. The word Maasai means 'My
People.
significant feature of
27 Name any two products traded by the
Maasai. 34 HOTS Mention one of the nomadic
livelihood practices
ns, The Maasai community traded in milk and wool. pastoralists.
pastoralists have to judge how long the
28 LIst any two different ways in which the Ans. Nomadic
they can
Maasai earn their livelihood. herd can stay in one area and know where
need to calculate the
raising cattle, ind water and pasture. They
1S. The Maasai earn thecir livelihood by . timing of their movement and the path to
move
duneis, goats, sheep and donkeys and
selling milk,
towards different territories.
meat, animal skin and wool.

3 MarkS eac
5A) Type Questions
Short Answer
shepherds live? Descri
Gujjar 2 Where did the Gaddi
1 Explain
the annual movement of the the seasonalmovement of the Gaddis.
Bakarwals. shepherds of Himachal Pradesh spend
Ans. The Gaddi grazi
TheGujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir winter in the low hills of Siwalik range,
their
and sheep. In winter, they forests. By April, they
Rrat herders of coat their flogks in the scrub
 Very Short Answer VSAIType Queslions [1 Mark each]

wass the ffirst census held in India? 9 What are the male and female literary rates and
When
census in India (on a limited scale) the general literacy level in India as per census
Thefirst 1872. he first complete census 2011?
held in
taken in I1881 and subsequently has been Ans. As per census 2011, the male literacy rate is 82.1470,
was
aken every 10 years. female literacy rate is 65.46% and general iteracy ratc is
74.04%.
Almost 50% of India's
population lives in
ivestates. Name them. 10 Give two reasons responsible for unfavourable
Almost 50%
Almost
6.fve states Uttar Pradesh,Pradesh.
West Bengal
Andhra
and
,
50%.of India's population lives in the
Maharashtra, Bihar,
Bthar,
sex ratio in India.
Ans. The two reasons responsible for unfavourable sex-ratio in
India are
() Lack of education among people.
3 As
per the 2011 Census, which state has (i) Cultural norms that favour the' male child.
population?
theleast,density of
he
state with the least density of population, 11 What ages are considered as the age of the
a Der the 2011 Census was Arunachal Pradesh working population in India?
persons per sq km. people who
Ans. In India, the working age population the
with 17 is
:

are between the ages of 15 years and 59 years.

4 Which stateout of Rajasthan, Bihar,
Assam and Jammu and
Kashmir, has the 12 What is meant by dependency ratio?
highest population density? Ans. The dependency ratio is the proportion of
a population
to
s, Bihar has the highest population density at ols composed of people who are too young or too old
1102 persons per sq km. work.
the
5 Which are the most populated and least 13 Which states of India have the highest and
populated states in India? lowest sex ratios?
ratio of 1084 and
Ens.
The most populated state in lIndia is Uttar Ans. Kerala has the highest sex (as per the 2011
Pradesh and least populated is Sikkim. Haryana has the lowest sex ratio of 877
Census). 167
6 Why there is moderate population in the
peninsular states of India 14 Name the state having lowest sex ratio.
which has the lowest sex
ans.
The peninsular states have moderate
population Ans. Haryana is the Indian state
of Haryana is
because the land is uneven, rocky,
rainfall is ratio. (As per census 2011 report, sex ratio
moderate and soil is not fertile. 877 female/ 1000 male).

15 Under what conditions, will a

person be
7What kind of migration does not
a considered literate?
Change the size of the population in
considered literate if that person can
country? Ans. A person will be thes
another or read and write any language with understanding by
one to city
nternal migration from
urban areas within a country age of 7 years.
rom rural areas to
OeS not change the size of the population.16 What is the most significant feature of the India
population?
What kind of miqration leads to changes significant feature of the Indian population
Ans. The most
n the distribution of population within the size of its adolescent population. It comprises of
thenation? about 20% of the total population and is the future o
leads to changes in the India.
ternal migration
of population within
the nation.
rbution
 soCial indicator out.
24 HOTS Which age composition andX ta
Which age group is considered literacy rate, measure the extentdeath
adolescents in India? important to equality
Ans. In India, the population of adolescents is the between males and females in a ciety e

Population of the people who are between the time?

ata
ages of 10 years and 19 years. is the social
indicator wh
which
Ans. The sex ratio measures
s
18 When did the National Population extent of equality between nd fe
males and females
a given time.
ina
Policy come into effect?
Ans. The National Population Policy came into HOTS Which activity out of construction
effect in the year 200o.
25 and transportation
accountancy, fishing tionisa
19 HOTS How does the proportion of primary activity?
working population in different Ans. Fishing is a primary activity,
construction IS as
activities differ in developed and activity, while accountancy and transportation
aareteni
developing countries? activities.
Ans. Working population in developed countries
are engaged more in secondary and tertiary
e
26 HOTS Poultry farming can be included inwhich
activities while in developing countries they activity?
are engaged in primary activity. Ans. Poultry farming can be included in primary activin
20 HOTS What is the major reason for the 27 HOTS Is it correct that there has been a
state of Kerala having a very high substantial improvement expectancy
in life y at
a
population density? during the last 50 years in India?
ti
Ans: Kerala has a very high population densicy nAns. Yes, it is correct. The lite expectancy at birth has ince
because it has a fertile soil and gets abundant
from 36.7 years in 1951 to 64.6 years in 2001, an inct
raintall, thus resulting in good prospects for
of almost 28 years.
agriculture.
21 HOTSWhy is population considered a sT HOIS Which group of persons out of adults,
28
dynamic phenomenon? adolescents, the aged and children, comprise the |
Ans. Population is considered dynamic as the maximum proportion of India's population?
number, distribution and composition of Ans. Adults comprise the maximum proportion India's
thei population at 58.7 % of the population.
of
present structure of population keeps on
changing r
29 HOTS'Significant improvement
has been seen
22 HOTSOut of the countries USA, in the health status of the population, after
Bangladesh, China and Great Britain, independence.' Justify your answer by giving tn
which one has a higher population examples.
density than India? Ans. Thefollowing tyo examples
1s. Bangladesh has higher population densiry
justif the statement
nip ) Life expectancy
at birth has improved from 36./
(1034 persons per sq km) than India (382,no in 1951 to 64.7 years
persons per sq. km).
at
() The death rate has declined
2011.e 2a
from 25 per 1000peru
3 HOTS Does the in 1951 to 7.2 in
term birth rate' mean 2011.
thepercentage of live births in 1 year? 30
o0
HOTS The
sex ratio in urban areas lowe than
rural areas. Give is
No, the correct meaning ofthe term 'birthi one possible reason for
rate' is the number of live births in a year per Ans. The sex ratio is
lower in urban areas
l
1000 persons. than in
because male members
in search migrate to the ia
cities from
of work.

0113
 Short Answer (SA) Type Questions [3 Marks each]

ensus'? After how How does density of population depends up0n

d in India? topography and climatic conditions?
topography and climarie
cess of preparation, Ans. Density of population depends upon
luation, analysis and conditions in the follouwing ways
unfavourable climatic
mographic, social, () Rugged topography and sparse
acteristics of the conditions are primarily responsible for
very little
ch information is population. e.g. Arunachal Pradesh has
phic information population due to hilly areas.
terrain and less fertile
economic and often () Moderate to low rainfall, rocky
soils have led to moderate
population densities. c.g
Doses.
every 10 years. Assam and Peninsular states.
rainfall support
Flat plains, fertile soil and abundant
(ii) Plains and
ity calculated? highest population densities. e.g. Northern
as compared too Kerala.
pect to populatioon population expressed? Explain.
5 How is growth in change in the number of
population is the
Ans. The growth of a specific period
(mostly
alculated as the inhabitants of a country during
of area. during 10 years). ways
density with respect to population can be expressed in two
The growth in increase of
elow numbers It is the magnitude of
() Absolute or decade. It is obtained by
sely populated population in a year
earlier population from the later
er census report 2011, subtracting the
dia was 382 persons
population. increase of
growth rate It is the rate of
(i) Annual is measured in per cent per annum.
population. It
condition, increase in
change in the pattern of
l other geographic 6 Explain the population during the period
en distribution of the growth of1981-91.
km
02 persons/sq.
Arunachal
1951-81 and phenomenon. There is a constant
/sq. km in is a dynamic composition of
Ans. Populationnumber, distribution and
change in
following points show
pattern ofpopulation
population. The
se country in the.
Japan. growth in India population from 1951-81
was
growth rate of 1981.
The annual 1.25% in 1951 and 2.22% in
was
Tentpopulation steadily increasing. It population started declining
growth of
1981, the rate of population in 1981 was
Since
gradually. The annual
growth rate of
zones in India are decreased to 2.14% in
1991.
ty below 2.22% and it
ey are stated growth rate of population.
which has term annual
nsity zone, persons 7 Explain the
affected by the birth rate?
eater than 500 How is it the number of
rate at which
Growth Rate The increase in 1 year as a fraction
ae states Uttar Annual
Ans.
u al and Kerala. dividuals in a population onnual erowth rate of
11
 Popu
en having a lower birth 12/How is occupational struct
ucture
e keeps on increasing. Explain. classifiea
ne birth rates declined
Ans. The distribution of the populatio
ople were added to the according
different types ofoccupation is referred
0s alone. If we occupational structure. toas
e based on these data it Different occupations can beclassified t
Primary into
occupation Theseinclude three
of a nation into animal husbandry, forestry, gee
agicutur
fishing,minin
he basis of age quarrying etc. ngad
em. 15
(i) Secondary occupation These includea
manutacturing industry, building: the
works etc. andconst
who are economically
e provided with food, (ii) Tertiary occupation These include
transp Ans.
lthcare. communication, commerce, administra
other services. 2
s), who are
3 Explain any three
d
biologicaly elements which are
e the working
responsible for population growth.
s and above), who Or
tive though they may
Describe the factors that cause changes
orking voluntarily int
remployment size of population.
Ans. The elements/factors responsible for population groudr
change in size of population are as follows
ween age
( High birth rate and low death rate InIndia,áe
Yy ratio? Explain.
independence there was high birth and high d
ition and dependency rate. However, the death rate has declinednow
considerably but the birth rate continues tot
ge are economically Ans.
high.
59 years do not get (ii) Child marriage Early marriages areco
nent. many parts of India due to which more perce
nd the aged affects 15-20
of girls are married in the age group of
these groups are not This results in giving birth to more num
children.
aal structure? of India
() Iliteracy Still a large populationunderstand
icture of India. illiterate. Illiterate persons fail to advantae

o the
importance of family planningor
having a small family.
occupations found
disaste
14 HOTS
ngaped i :ce 11
"Resources, calamite>ues and huma tn
 Long Answer (LA) Type Questions
O [5 Marks each]

hat is migration? Which are the two types 2

Why do people migrate from ruralto urban areas

migration? Describe the trends of
of
migration in India, Ans. People move from one place to another due to variety
of reasons. Various factors like social, economic,
Migration political, cultural, environmental are responsible for
migration. The 'push factors' of migration are those
Migration is the temporary or permanent
ractors which force people to leave a place e.g Ppoverty,
docation of population inside or outside
reloc the drought.
houndaries of a country or state. People leave rural places due to
Types of Migration Non-availability of job opportunities
Thetwo types of migration are internal (within the shortage of land
country from one area to another) and political fear
international (between countries). difficult conditions
the disasters/catastrophe (drought, floods, etc.)
Internal migration does not change the size of small-scale
decline of traditional industries (cottage,
population, but influences the distribution of industries.)
population within the nation. factors which
The Pull factors' of migration are those
e.g. employment
Trends of Migration in India attract people towards itself.
opportunity, quality lifestyle etc.
Thetrends of temporary migration in flocks People also migrate for
India are of the herders, who take
their
summer and change of a job
todifferent pastures during the better housing facility
Winter.
education
hilly and
Ihese herders live mostly in the occurs from the medical care
UeSertareas. Permanent
migration improved living conditions
search of
rural areas to the urban areas in better way of life
there is
pioyment opportunities as in rural
areas or family links
unemployment security
poverty and
India adequate basic amenities.
 VSA) Type Questions Mark
Very Short Answer
requirement of eople
10 Why is the calorie eas
higher in rural compared to
Give two examples of poor people whom area
you come across in daily life. The calorie requirement of people in ruralareas
Ans.
because the rural people are
Rickshaw engaged in more ishio
AHSTwo examples are House maid and urban arcas.
physis
puller. labour than people in

2 Write two main dimensions of poverty. 11 Which agency conducts the periodical.
Ans. Hunger and lack of shelter are two main
surveys for estimating the poverty line
lin
i India?
poverty line imated periodica)
dimensions of poverty Or How is
periodically by the N
Can social exclusion cause poverty in rural Ans. Poverty line is estimated Nation
Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) by conducting
areas?
sample surveys.
Ans. Yes, social exclusion of the Scheduled Castes
(SCs) in rural areas is a major cause of their
n12 What is the full form of NSSO?
S
poverty. Ans. The full form of NSSO is National Sample
4What do we mean by the term Organisation.
vulnerability to poverty'? 13 Why is World Bank important in estimating
Ans. Vulnerability to poverty' means the chances of poverty line?
Some communities or persons to become poor or
Ans. Different countries have different poverty line as per n
remain poor in the future. existing level of development. The World Bank compar
5 Define poverty line. countries by presenting a unitorm standard for povery
line which is acceptable by all countries.
Ans. Each country uses an imaginary line that is
considered appropriate for its existing level of 14 Who is a poor person according to the World Ban
development and its accepted minimum social Ans. The person is considered poor, who does not have
norms. This is called the poverty line. minimum earning more than S1.25 per day per person.
6 When is a person considered poor? 15 What was the percentage of people living belo
Ans. A person is considered poor if the income or the poverty line in 2000 in India?
a
consumption level of person falls belowa Ans. In 2000, 26% of population was living below povery
given 'minimum level' necessary to fulfil the basic
line in India.
needs.
16 Name four categories of
7What factors affects the poverty line? people who are
vulnerable to poverty.
Ans. Time and place are two important factors that
Ans. Scheduled Castes, Scheduled
affects the poverty line. Tribes, rural agricultur
labour households and urban casual labour househod=
8 On what factors do calorie needs vary for a are vulnerable to
poverty.
person?
Which state out of Bihar,
4ns. The calorie needs vary depending on sex, age and Odisha, Punjaband
Assam has the highest
ype of work that a person does. poverty ratiof
Ans. Bihar has the
highest poverty ratio of 33./90, 9
9What is the average number of calories P
Economic Survey
of 2013-14.
required per person per day in rural areas
8 By what method
of India? has the state of West benga
The average number of calories required per reduced rural poverty?
1s.
1S. Proper implementation
person per day in rural areas of India is 2400. ofland reforms have heip du
reduce rural
poverty in West Bengal.
 37 HOTS Which economic groups out of rural resources increases. More people will be zhi. et
smaller share ot resources, thus bringing
bri.
agricultural labour households, Scheduled avail of a
line.
Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) more people belov the poverty
households, urban casual labour households 41 HOTS What are the major reasons for
and female daily wagers, are vulnerable to
ineffectiveness of anti-poverty ineasuresi.in
poverty?
India?
Ans. Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs)
Ans. The major rcasons for inetfectiveness of
households are a social group, not an economic group. anti-poverty measures in India are lack of Dron
All the other groups mentioned are economic groups
implementation of the programmes, overlapping c
which are vulnerable to poverty.
schemes and lack of right targeting of people.
38 HOTSWhich state out of Madhya Pradesh
42 HOTS Is it correct that India has the largest
Maharashtra, Assam and Uttar Pradesh has a concentration of poor in the world?
poverty ratio below the national average?
Ans. Yes, India has about 270 milion people who live
Ans. The national average poverty ratio was 21.92%. Only
in poverty, as per an estimate made in the year
Maharashtra, out of the given four states, with a poverty 2011-12.
ratio of 17.4% is below the national average.
43 HOTS Which indicator out of quantity of milk
39 HOTS Name some countries show decline in
consumed, amount of pocket moneyy
poverty substantially according to World Bank.
received, illiteracy level and the number of
lns. According to World Bank, poverty declined shoes people have, is a social indicator of
substantially in China and South-East Asia. This poverty?
decline is the result of rapid economic growth and
massive investments in human resource development in
Ans. Social indicator of poverty is illiteracy level. All
these countries. others are not social indicators.

40 HOTS Is regular growth of population regarded 44 HOTS Is it true that the state of Kerala has
as one of the major causes of poverty? reduced poverty by distribution of foodgrains
1s. High population growth rate increases the rate of at highly subsidised prices?
depletion of resources. Due to this, pressure on Ans. No, the state of Kerala has used human resource
 (Very Short Answer VSAI Type Questions [1 Mark eaxh
by food securíty?
What is meantdefincd T Nane any one group who is the sufferer of
ecurity is as the availability,
Food food insecurity.
ssibility. and affordability of food to all
people at BegEars, casual ladourers, ete are categories of
timcs.
all A5 people having an uncertain income. They are
sufferers of food insecurity.
hat do you can by availabílity of food?
ilability means all the food currently available in Through which agency does the government
the country. procure its buffer stock of fooxdgrains?
Ans. The government procures its buffer stock of
what do you mean byY accessibility of food? toodgrains through the Food Corporation of
Acessibility means that food is within reach of India (FCI).
cverybody.
12 Write the full form of FCI.
Corporation of Inudia.
What do you mean by affordability of food? Ans. The full form of FCI is Food
Affordabilitcy means that people can buy enough foodgrains?
13 From where does FCI purchase
food for thcir requirement.
rice from the surplu
Ans. The FCI purchases wheat and
your entitlement of production of the farmers in states.
What do you mean by
food?
14 At what price does the
government purchase
Economist Amartya Sen added a new dimension to the foodgrains for having a bufler
stock?
food security and emphasised the access to food the foodgrains for
combination of Ans. The government purchases
through entitlements' which is a having a buffer stock ar the Minimum
Supporr
market
what one can produce and exchange in the Price (MSP).
supplies.
alongwith state or other socially provided Price (MSP)
15 When is the Minimum Support
Which was the most devastating famine that declared by the government?
century?
occurred in India during the 20th Ans. The MSP is declared by the government
just before
the famine of farmers to grow
s. The most devastating famine was people died. the sowing season to motivate the
Bengal in 1943, in which 30
lakh more.
are starvation What is meant by 'Issue Price'?
1 From which places of Odisha 16
which the government offers to
deaths reported? Ans. This is the price at
from Kalahandi and sell foodgrains at subsidised rates.
Starvation deaths are reported
these areas are prone
to
Kashipur in Odisha, as 17 In which year was the
Integrated Child
regular basis.
famine-like conditions on a Development Services (1CDS) programne
introduced?
8 Define chronic hunger programme was introduccd in 1975 on
consequence of Ans. The ICDS
S Chronic hunger is a quality an experimental basis.
inadequate diets in terms of
persistently
18 Which social group is the
target of the
and/or quantity
commonly found in which Annapurna Scheme?
easonal hunger is Ans. The Annapurna
Scheme is for indigent senior
areas of India?
rural and tribal areas, citizens who are not inancially supported by
in
s, Seasonal hunger is prevalentdependent on anybody.
population is mostly labour is subject
to
The areas, casual
Culture. In urban
this problem.
 23 How are most fair price shops
run in the
the.state
19 Which schemes for food security are directed at
specific target groups? of Tamil Nadu?
Nadu run most of the fair
s. The schemes for food security directed at specific Ans. Cooperatives of Tamil fi.
price shops in that state.
target groups are Targeted Public Distribution System
Revolnio
(TPDS), Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and the 24 What is the other name of White
Annapurna Scheme (APS). is 'operation floo
Ans. Other name of white revolution
20 What is the brand name of the successful1
cooperative in Gujarat for milk and milk 25 HOTS What is the trend of the proportion
products? of seasonal and chronic hunger in India from
Te 1983 to 2000?
1s. The brand name of the successful cooperative in
Gujarat for milk and milk products is 'Amul. Ans. Both seasonal and chronic hunger have shown a
drastically reducing trend. Seasonal hunger reduced
i In which state of India the famous cooperative from 16.2% to 2.6% and chronic hunger from 2.3%
AMUL is located? to 0.7% in rural areas, with urban areas also showing
S. In Anand district of Gujarat, the famous cooperative a similar trend.
AMUL is located.
26 HOTS Is it true that India has become
2 What is the work area of the cooperative self-sufficient in foodgrains during the last
Mother Dairy? thirty years?
Mother Dairy is supplying milk and vegetables in the Ans. Yes, India has become self-sufficient because of the
Delhil NCR area. variety of crops grown in the country.