MTH101 Highlighted Book 23-45 by RJ Ray Afzal

Lecture #23 ut . highest pei 2 nium he DEFINITION 4.6.4 Absolute maximum means that is the of the function hee Absolute minimum mead the function Liye think of the Farth’s surfgce as defining some function, then itsabsolutc will be Me ‘wil be the Marianna Teench ithe Pacifie Ocean neat Hawai, Leen. 9 a ture of the graph of (8) = 2x1 on the intceval [,3). mealies Tat © Copyright Viral University of Paks 4 7 158 rl :23-Maximum&Minimum Values of Functions vu No. Because the function is defined on the interval [0,3) which exeludes the point x = 3, So note that you can get very close to 7 as the maximum value as you get very close to x = 3, but this i in a limiting process, and you can always get more closer to 7, and yet never EQUAL 7180 7 looks like a max, but its NOT! ‘The question of interest given a function f(s) is: ‘Docs (has a maximum (minim) value Won't prove this as is are, just the conditions on a f Example ‘Note that in the23-Max THEOREM 4.6.5 © Copyright Virtual University 423-Maximum8Minin lues of F Evaluate the funtion atthe ertieal points and the endpoint 35 We want to know the max and min over nary of extreme behaviogs Of fungtions over (a,b) Find the max and min values if any, of the function f(x) = x2." =1 on the bo (2,420) Ze This is & continuous function on the given interval and lim(x'+2x°-)=+0 and lim (a* +2x°-1) = +0 ¢€ © Copyaght Virwal Univesity of Pakixan z istm and minimum problems we have learnt so far to do som Problems .ous functions and Finite closed incr als avotving 1 robles where the fui defined! OA losed inc. These pro “solution because its gsarintedliithe extreme vale theorem Example ‘ Find the dimensions ofa rectangle with perimeter 100 fehosgrea i as large as pos Le - ret Perimeter = 1008 = 2x + 2y c y=50-x A =a te Y Rectangle A=xy then A= xy We want to maximize the area : es: A= 50x-x2 =x(50—x) = 50x— Perimetce = 1008 = 2x +29 ORES =x Use this values of yin the equation A sky t0 get 1A fdbetion of. Because «represents a length, iteannoeBe negative aid it cannot bea valic that excce the perimetesaF 110 fe So we have the following consists on O1 and sharpest Oped % =P ¢y EXAMPLE \ t j | \ fort y4 ae 4 |Lecture #43 ADDITIONAL CONVERGENCE TESTS In this section Adikional conve sec n This test basically compares 10 Series with each other, ad if the sesics than that of the other series converges then so does'the smaller one If the series in which each tecan smaller than that of the other series diverges, then so does the We will see more of this later: Foe a, we shall se the comparison test to develop some other tests that are easier to appl THEOREM 115.2 Use the ratio test tg determine whether the ‘ollowing Series converse oF diverge. O Copyright Viewal Univesity of Pakisean a5 : 5O Copyright Viewal Univesity of Pakisean Z h 286fee a \agral test proves that the singe, So, this series diverges. Sometimes the following resus eae to apply an ratio est. Theorem 1153 The Root Test Let Su, bea series with positive tis and suppose that 2) IF p <1 the series lor pa the series dives fp the series may eonverge Or diverge, so that another test must be tried © Copyright Virtual Univers of Pakistan 287INFORMAL PRINCIPLE 11.6.1 Constant teems in the denomin: INFORMAL PRINCIPLE 11.6 a Ita polynomial ink appear 252 hee a power of kin the polynomial may usually be deleted withut r The Limit Comparison Test) Th following sesul ean be used to establish eonvengenee of divergence by examiing the limit of rh: soto of the general teem of the series n question with Zeneral term of a series whose convergence properties are knows THEOREM 1163 TA List Compecon 4 te La, and Th. beset postive emt an sop tae = Fin 1p >Oythen thes if both converge or both diverge 2 O Copyright Viewal Univesity of Pakisean 288ne techolgUs foe applying tREEBRRpABRO cst (Theorem 11.5.1 ‘There are «wo basic steps sequired (Olgpply the cUmparisBREN fo a scxies Duy of - Find a series that proves the gues to be-eoeréet. Thus if theffuess is divergence, we mus fn a diverge sed cee 31 nd ifthe guess is comvengenee, nust Find a convergent series whoge Reems are “bigger” than the corresponding terms of O Copyright Viewal Univesity of Pakisean 289

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