HV - MV Substations Civil Works - 1.0

INTERNAL
Operating Instruction code: GRI-GRI-OPI-E&C-0005

Version no 1 dated 07/02/2023
Subject: HV/MV Substations Civil works
Application Areas
Perimeter: Global
Staff Function: -
Service Function: -
Business Line: Enel Grids
CONTENTS
1. DOCUMENT AIMS AND APPLICATION AREA ........................................................................................ 4

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS TO BE IMPLEMENTED AT COUNTRY LEVEL ...................................... 4
2. DOCUMENT VERSION MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................. 5
3. UNITS IN CHARGE OF THE DOCUMENT ............................................................................................... 5
4. REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 5
5. ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS POSITION IN THE PROCESS TAXONOMY ......................................... 8
6. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................. 8
7. DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................................................... 9
8. INPUT DATA.............................................................................................................................................. 9
9. GEOTECHNICAL & GEOLOGICAL STUDIES .......................................................................................... 9

9.1 GEOLOGICAL REPORT ................................................................................................................... 9
9.2 INVESTIGATION PLAN ................................................................................................................... 10
9.3 GEOTECHNICAL REPORT ............................................................................................................ 10
9.4 SLOPE STABILITY OF SUBSTATION PLATFORM ....................................................................... 11
10. SEISMIC EVALUATION CONDITION ................................................................................................. 11
11. HYDROLOGICAL & HYDRAULIC STUDIES ...................................................................................... 12

11.1 HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES............................................................................................................ 12
11.2 FLOODING RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT ................................................................................... 14
11.3 HYDRAULIC REPORT .................................................................................................................... 14
11.4 PLAN VIEW SHOWING DRAINAGE WORKS ................................................................................ 16
12. LAYOUT OF ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION ......................................................................................... 17
13. CIVIL DESIGN ..................................................................................................................................... 17
14. WATER MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... 18

14.1 SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS .......................................................................................... 18
14.2 RAINWATER SYSTEM ................................................................................................................... 19
14.3 MANAGEMENT OF OILY WATER .................................................................................................. 20
15. FOUNDATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 21

15.1 HV ARRIVAL FOUNDATION........................................................................................................... 24
15.2 UNIPOLAR & TRIPOLAR FOUNDATION ....................................................................................... 28
15.2.1. HV Busbar .................................................................................................................................... 32
15.3 HYBRID MODULE FOUNDATION .................................................................................................. 33
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15.4 GIS-HV FOUNDATION .................................................................................................................... 36

15.5 TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION .................................................................................................... 36
15.6 PETERSEN FOUNDATION ............................................................................................................. 42
15.7 CONTAINER INSTALLATION & FOUNDATION............................................................................. 45
15.7.1. Container Foundation .................................................................................................................. 45
16. SUBSTATION MV AND CONTROL BUILDING .................................................................................. 49

16.1 SOLUTIONS .................................................................................................................................... 50
16.1.1. SMALL SOLUTION ...................................................................................................................... 51
16.1.2. STANDARD SOLUTION .............................................................................................................. 51
16.1.3. STANDARD+1 SOLUTION ......................................................................................................... 51
16.1.4. EXTENDED SOLUTION .............................................................................................................. 51
16.2 SOLUTIONS’ FUNCTIONAL CRITERIA ......................................................................................... 51
16.2.1. Levels ........................................................................................................................................... 51
16.2.2. Main elements characterizing the solutions ................................................................................. 52
16.3 CONSTRUCTION TECNHICAL CRITERIA .................................................................................... 55
17. COMPLEMENTARY FACILITIES ........................................................................................................ 56

17.1 UNDERGROUND UTILITIES .......................................................................................................... 56
17.2 ELECTRICAL/COMMUNICATION UTILITIES ................................................................................ 56
17.3 GENERAL LAYOUT OF MV/LV CABLES TRENCHES .................................................................. 57
17.3.1. TR MV Output .............................................................................................................................. 58
17.3.2. MV output..................................................................................................................................... 60
17.3.3. LV pipeline ................................................................................................................................... 61
17.4 FENCE ............................................................................................................................................. 62
17.5 PAVEMENTS ................................................................................................................................... 64
18. ANNEX I – LIBERTY SUBSTATIONS SCHEMES AND LAYOUTS ................................................... 65

18.1 Generality of Liberty Layouts ........................................................................................................... 65
18.2 Liberty Types - Basic Schemes ....................................................................................................... 66
18.3 Association Subtype – Layout ......................................................................................................... 66
18.4 Liberty 1A ......................................................................................................................................... 67
18.5 Liberty 1A.1 ...................................................................................................................................... 67
18.6 Liberty 1B – 9B ................................................................................................................................ 68
18.7 Liberty 2A – 6A ................................................................................................................................ 68
18.8 Liberty 2B – 6B – 10B – 12B ........................................................................................................... 69
18.9 Liberty 2C – 6C – 10C - 12C ........................................................................................................... 69
18.10 Liberty 3A ..................................................................................................................................... 70
18.11 Liberty 3B ..................................................................................................................................... 70
18.12 Liberty 4A – 8A ............................................................................................................................ 71
18.13 Liberty 4B – 8B ............................................................................................................................ 71
18.14 Liberty 4C – 8C ............................................................................................................................ 72
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18.15 Liberty 5A ..................................................................................................................................... 72

18.16 Liberty 5B – 11B .......................................................................................................................... 73
18.17 Liberty 7A ..................................................................................................................................... 73
18.18 Liberty 7B ..................................................................................................................................... 74
18.19 Example layout of the MV switchboards in the substation control building ................................. 75
THE HEAD OF GLOBAL NETWORK DESIGN

Giovanni Battista FRANZONE
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1. DOCUMENT AIMS AND APPLICATION AREA

Scope of this document is to define the requirements for the design criteria of the civil and structural works of
the electrical substation.
Aim of the document is to describe the necessary activities oriented to a standard design of the civil elements
characterizing a primary electrical substation, starting from the topographical and geotechnical surveys to the
project and the execution of the civil works.
Therefore, the technical specification defines the design criteria to be performed and the references to the
technical documentation (international, European standards, internal specifications, etc.). Furthermore, it's
always necessary to consider all the applicable local standards and regulations where present. The most
stringent requirements shall be applied.
The design of the civil elements that characterize a primary substation must be inspired by the following
principles:
• Safety;
• Sustainability;
• Standardization;
• Functionality;
• BIM (Building Information Modeling) design methodology.
The design of the civil works must take place in accordance with the standard plant solutions (Liberty Solutions)
envisaged in the document GRI-GRI-OPI-E&C-0001 HV/MV Liberty Substations Construction Specification -
ex OPI-EC-ND-2022-0132-GRI - ex OI 2421 and in the ANNEX I – LIBERTY SUBSTATIONS SCHEMES AND
LAYOUTS, therefore in perfect synergy between the different technical disciplines coexisting in the electrical
substation. Every initiative and/or constructive solution that is based on the principles of sustainability and
respect for the environment must take place in compliance with the provisions of the document GRI-GRI-GUI-
E&C-0018. The use of the BIM methodology allows the integration between the different disciplines, the
creation of standard "Libraries" of the elements and their functional design based on the addition of a highly
informative part to the geometric 3D model.
This document shall be implemented and applied to the extent possible within the Enel Grids Business Line
and in compliance with any applicable laws, regulations, and governance rules, including any stock exchange
and unbundling-relevant provisions, which in any case prevail over the provisions contained in this document.
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS TO BE IMPLEMENTED AT COUNTRY LEVEL
Within the corresponding geographical perimeter, each Enel Grids Company shall issue, under the supervision
of Enel Grids Global Network Design, a detailed document in accordance with the provisions of this document.
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2. DOCUMENT VERSION MANAGEMENT
Version Date Main changes description

1 07/02/2023 First Issue of “HV/MV Substations Civil works” Operating Instruction
3. UNITS IN CHARGE OF THE DOCUMENT

Responsible for drawing up the document:
• Enel Grids: Engineering and Construction/ Network Design unit.
Responsible for authorizing the document:
• Enel Grids: Head of Network Design unit;
• Enel Grids: Head of Quality unit.
4. REFERENCES
The following reference standards shall be considered for the preparation of the design documentation,
regardless the Country where the Plant will be built.
It must be considered the local standards, codes and regulations as applicable in Country where the Plant will
be built and the list of additional local standards and requirement that may be defined for a specific Country.
The list is not exhaustive and it is provided only an exemplificative title. It will be reserved the right to complete
the list with new documents at any time.
In case of discrepancies highlighted between the different codes applicable, these shall be submitted.
Regulations and standard to be considered in each case will be the last one in force at the time.
• Integrated Policy for Quality, Health and Safety, Environment, anti-Bribery and Information security;
• ISO 9001 - Quality Management System – Requirements;
• ISO 14001 - Environmental Management System - Requirements with guidance for use;
• ISO 45001 - Occupational Health and Safety Management System - Requirements with guidance for
use;
• ISO 37001 - Anti-bribery Management System - Requirements with guidance for use;
• ISO 27001 - Information Security Management System – Requirements;
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
• ASCE 113: Substation Structure Design Guide;
• AISC 360: Specification for Structural Steel Buildings;
• ASTM C 143: Standard Test Method C143, Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete;
• ASTM A615: Covers deformed and plain carbon steel bars for concrete reinforcement;
• ASTM A497: Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete;
• ASTM 2487: Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil
Classification System);
• ASTM 2488: Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedures);
• ACI 318: Building code requirements for structural concrete;
• IEEE 693: Recommended Practice for Seismic Design of Substations;
• IEEE 691: Guide for Transmission Structure Foundation Design;
• IEEE 979: Guide for substation fire protection;
• IEEE 980: Guide for Containment and Control of Oil Spills in Substations;
• IEC 61936: Power installations exceeding 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC;
• AASHTO: Guide for Design of Pavement Structures;
EUROPEAN STANDARD (EN)
• EN 1990-0: Basic of structural design;
• EN 1991-1: Actions on structures;
• EN 1992-2: Design of concrete structures;
• EN 1993-3: Design of steel structures;
• EN 1996-6: Design of masonry structures;
• EN 1997-7: Geotechnical design;
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• EN 1998-8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance;
• EN 10020: Definition and classification of grades of steel;
• EN 10025: Hot rolled product of structural steels;
• EN 10029: Hot rolled steel plates 3 mm thick or above – Tolerance on dimensions and shape;
• EN 10080: Steel for the reinforcement of concrete - weldable reinforcing steel;
• EN 206: Concrete – Specification, performance, production and conformity;
• EN 60529: Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures;
INTERNATIONAL CODE (ISO)
• ISO 898-1: Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel – Part 1: Bolt,
screws and studs with specified property classes – Coarse thread and fine pitch thread;
• ISO 1461: Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles — Specifications and test
methods;
• ISO 2247 5-1: Geotechnical investigation and testing. Sampling methods and groundwater
measurements, Part 1: technical principles for execution;
• ISO 14688-1: Geotechnical investigation and testing. Identification and classification of soil, Part 1:
identification and description.
INTERNAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
• Operating instruction GRI-GRI-OPI-E&C-0001 HV/MV Liberty Substations Construction Specification

- ex OPI-EC-ND-2022-0132-GRI - ex OI 2421
• Guideline GRI-GRI-GUI-E&C-0018: Sustainable Infrastructure Solutions Guideline;
OTHER REFERENCES
• National Engineering Handbook;
• SCS (Soil Conservation Service) Technical Report 55.

Group Pillar References:
• The Code of Ethics of Enel Group;
• The Enel Group Zero Corruption Tolerance Plan (ZTC);
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• Human Rights Policy;
• Organization and Management Model as per Legislative Decree No. 231/2001;
• Enel Global Compliance Program (EGCP).
5. ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS POSITION IN THE PROCESS TAXONOMY
Value Chain/Process Area: Engineering and Construction

Macro Process: Network Engineering
Process: Network Design
6. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS

Acronym and Key words Description
Substation where voltage transformations from high to medium voltage
Electrical Substation (ES)
take place
Electrical system with 230kV to 35kV nominal operative voltage between
High Voltage (HV)
the phases
Electrical system with a rated voltage between phases higher than 1 kV
Medium voltage (MV) in AC power or 1.5 kV in DC power up to and including 35 kV in either AC
or DC systems
Electric system with rated voltage between phases exceeding 50 V and
Low voltage (LV)
up to 1 kV in AC / 1,5 kV in DC
Electric power substation supplied in HV equipped with at least one
HV/MV Substation
HV/MV power transformer dedicated to the distribution network
Hybrid module Compact HV Equipment
Trasformatore Formatore di A three-phase transformer intended for connection in a network without a
Neutro (TFN) neutral to provide an artificial neutral
Fire resistance class for the load-bearing, integrity, insulation in standard
REI
fire exposure
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7. DESCRIPTION
The purpose of this document is to define the requirements for the design criteria of the civil works of the
electrical substation.
This document therefore describes the activities aimed at a standard design of the civil elements characterizing
a primary electrical substation and sets out the design criteria to be performed and references to the technical
documentation.
The design of the civil works must take place according to the standard plant engineering solutions (Liberty
Solutions) set out in the document GRI-GRI-OPI-E&C-0001 HV/MV Liberty Substations Construction
Specification - ex OPI-EC-ND-2022-0132-GRI - ex OI 2421 and in ANNEX I - DIAGRAMS AND
CONNECTIONS OF LIBERTY CABINS, on the sustainability principles envisaged by the GRI-GRI-GUI-E&C-
0018 document and using the application of the BIM methodology which helps the plant design processes and
allows to create a digital twin.
8. INPUT DATA
To start the civil design of the ES, the following data are necessary:
• topographical survey;
• geotechnical & geological report and laboratory and site investigation report;
• seismic conditions at the location;
• hydrological studies;
• electromechanical layout;
• loads for ES equipment.
9. GEOTECHNICAL & GEOLOGICAL STUDIES

The geotechnical design shall be based on an adequate number of site and laboratory tests. It will be
necessary to define the investigation plan in compliance with the requirements reported in this document, in
the cited reference standards and eventually in the National Annex, where present.
Before defining the investigation plan, it needs to know the main geological properties of the site.
9.1 GEOLOGICAL REPORT
Geological report has the purpose to check, from the geological point of view, the feasibility of civil works for
the ES; the same report should be aimed at obtaining a construction permit or other authorization documents
(environmental, landscaping, etc.).
The report must be developed considering existing hazard and feasibility maps and, if not available, the
mentioned maps must be carried out for the site.
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The geological report shall define, with specific reference to the site/project, the main geomorphological
aspects, the climatic characteristics, the morphogenetic and instability processes occurring and active, if any,
and their evolution/tendency; the main stratigraphy of the site including detailed description of the different
lithotypes, their alteration/fracturation state and degradation; besides, the report must describe the main
structural aspects (occurrence of faults, folding, etc), the characteristics of discontinuity surfaces, especially of
rocks in detail; it must provide the main hydrogeological aspects and the surface/subsurface hydraulic
circulation scheme, highlighting the hydrogeological features in case of existing restrictions.
The report must also provide all the necessary data to assess the site seismic hazard and action of the project.
The report shall be accompanied by drawings/sketches, geological maps and sections, and by all the
documentation of site and laboratory surveys, historical and performed.
9.2 INVESTIGATION PLAN
It’s necessary to define an adequate investigation plan including the field geotechnical and geophysical survey
and the laboratory tests to be performed for a complete definition of the properties of the ES area.
At the end of investigation, it’s necessary a final geological/geotechnical report describing in detail all activities
performed included detailed photographic and geotechnical report, the results, the technical codes, the
recommendations and conclusions related to geotechnical parameters to be used for ES geotechnical and
structural dimensioning.
9.3 GEOTECHNICAL REPORT
The geotechnical report shall be defining the stratigraphy for each performed site test for a drilling and a trial
pit, respectively.
Based on the tests performed on site and in the laboratory, the following parameters shall be clearly defined
at each layer:
• friction angle;
• cohesion;
• unit weight;
• modulus of elasticity (static and dynamic);
• CBR (California Bearing Ratio);
• uniaxial compressive resistance shall be defined (in case of rocks).
The Geotechnical Report shall include at least the following information:
• excavation procedures and the slope for excavation and embankments;
• location of any prospection executed;
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• description of the entire geotechnical campaign;
• USCS Classification;
• stratigraphy;
• admissible bearing capacity, static and seismic;
• settlements analysis formulation;
• minimum foundation depth;
• recommendations about the type of foundations to be used.
9.4 SLOPE STABILITY OF SUBSTATION PLATFORM
In case of the substation platform or foundation close to a slope, the global stability must be checked. The
mechanical properties of the area will be defined along the slope under investigation. The use of a proper 2D
slope stability method (such as Bishop, Janbu or Morgenstern and Price methods) is necessary. The output of
the analysis shall report the safety factors for the different sliding surfaces and highlight the smallest safety
factors.
The safety margin for the verification must be following the applicable code.
Figure 1 – Example of slope stability check
10. SEISMIC EVALUATION CONDITION

The seismic forces acting on foundations supporting equipment and structures must be considered.
Structural supports, foundations and anchorages of electrical equipment in voltage classes greater than 35 kV
should be designed according to IEEE Std. 693.
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The Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) should be defined to select the appropriate seismic qualification level.
The PGA shall be carefully estimated considering seismic zone, soil classification and site conditions.
According to the IEEE 693, Art 8.6:
• if the PGA≤0.1g, the area is classified as low;
• if the 0.1g<PGA≤0.5g, the area is classified as moderate;
• if the PGA>0.5g the area is classified as high.
However, different and more stringent classification or requirement may be adopted as per local standards.
11. HYDROLOGICAL & HYDRAULIC STUDIES

The hydrological and hydraulic study is always part of the scope of work for this kind of projects. The study
shall be in full compliance with the requirements shown in this document and to the local requirements, as
defined by the local authorities. The most conservative and stringent criteria will apply. Any additional
documents, report, calculation or drawings related to the hydrological and hydraulic aspects of the plant, as
required by the local authorities to get the relevant permits, must be considered.
11.1 HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES
The main objective of the hydrological study is to define the maximum flow rates expected in every of the
basins or drainage areas that are relevant for the project, and for return periods of, at least, 10, 50, 100 and
200 years.
All the required hydrological analysis for the external and internal drainage systems of the substation area,
including the access roads shall be performed with the purpose of understanding the baseline hydrological
environment. The hydrological study is necessary to:
• assess the sensitivity of the baseline hydrological environment at the subject site and in the
surrounding area with respect to the proposed project;
• identify any potential impacts on the hydrological environment associated with the proposed
development;
• identify any constraints posed by the existing hydrological environment to the proposed development;
• recommend appropriate mitigation measures to ensure that the potential impact of the proposed
project is slight and neutral.
The hydrological study must be based on the best available rainfall data for the region under analysis. These
data are aimed to define the rainfall height (mm) or the rainfall intensity (mm/h). One of the following source,
or a combination of them, may be used to get the necessary data:
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• Probabilistic (classic) analysis: in case of existing of a good set of rainfall data (at least 20 years of
data registrations). Statistical analysis of the rain data must be performed by using one of the
traditionally applied approaches, such as Gumbel, Gamma, GEV, TCEV, Log Pearson, Log Normal,
etc. The most adequate method must be selected by performing a reliability test, e.g. Kolgomorov
Smirnov;
• Literature review: in case of existing, consistent and readily available processed data nearby the
project site that can be considered as representative;
• Spatial Interpolation: if the available rainfall data resulted scattered and not representative for the
project area, a spatial interpolation can be adopted to identify a better and more adherent data
distribution;
• Raw Data Processing: in case of missing rain gauge data, either for the project site and the
surrounding area, precipitation data can be collected from on-line archives such as TRMM (Tropical
Rainfall Measurement Mission – NASA: https://gpm.nasa.gov/data), NOAA or any other official source
of the country in which the project is being developed.
Once the design rainfall has been defined for every required return period, it’s necessary to delineate all the
relevant basins and drainage areas for the project, and then, start the evaluation of the expected runoff.
Calculation of runoff is a critical step and must be estimated accurately with a reasonable margin of safety to
ensure protection of the structures and natural streams, and a cost-effective design. For this reason, it’s
needed to decide an appropriate model of transformation rainfall-runoff.
The acceptable methods of calculating runoff are listed below:
• Rational Method: Acceptable for drainage areas less than 2.5 km² (1 mi²) when only peak flow rates
are needed.
• Kinematic Wave Method: Acceptable for any size watershed and appropriate for complex watersheds
and any drainage areas greater than 2.5 km² (1 mi²). The Kinematic Wave Method is the preferred
method for most complex urban runoff conditions.
• SCS Unit Hydrograph Method: Acceptable for any size watershed and appropriate for complex
watersheds and any drainage areas greater than 2.5 km² (1 mi²).
In the case that the Kinematic Wave or SCS Unit Hydrograph Method is chosen, a hydrologic modeling
software capable to simulate the precipitation-runoff processes of dendritic basin like HEC-HMS shall be used.
Regarding the delineation of the relevant basins and the definition of their physical characteristics, if a Digital
Elevation Model (DEM) is available for the analysis, all the parameters shall be obtained from the DEM using
proper Geographical Information Systems (GIS) tools.
When using the Rational Method, the concentration time as per traditionally applied equations it shall be
defined, selecting the one that better suit the morphology of the area.
The effects of the substation area on the Hydrology of the area surrounding it shall be adequately investigated
(post-development effects). The studies shall be following the requirements of the local authorities.
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11.2 FLOODING RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT
A flood risk evaluation, to evaluate the vulnerability of the site selected for the ES, it has to performed. The
study must be performed considering a return period not lower than 200 years, following the results of the
hydrology analysis and using a 2D numerical model, if applicable. In the case that an unsteady flow analysis
(2D) is considered necessary to define the vulnerability of the ES area, it must be performed using an
appropriate software. The return period of 200 years represents a minimum value, it shall be compared to the
requirement of local authorities and the most restrictive value shall apply.
In the flooding risk assessment report the following data shall be included:
• Substation site location;
• Hydrological and Geological features;
• Drawing showing the flood zone;
• Verification of flood defenses;
• Drawing/Maps showing the existing ground level for the substation site location;
• Drawing showing the proposed level for the substation area;
• Definition of Drainage system.
11.3 HYDRAULIC REPORT
A proper hydraulic study shall be performed to define the flow rate values, considering the morphology, geology
and land use of the catchment area and the existing atmospheric conditions (i.e. moisture content).
The aim of the hydraulic report is to define the dimensions and the characteristics of all structures related with
the drainage system designed for:
• external area of ES referred to a return period of 200 years;
• internal area of ES referred to a return period of 20 years;
• drainages for access roads referred to a return period of 10 years.
The hydrological study shall contain, as a minimum:
• reference codes locally applicable;
• complete description of the main morphologic characteristic of the involved area (basins, sub-basin
and catchment areas);
• analysis of the rainfall and hydrometric available data;
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• description of the existing drainage network,
• description of the site hydrologic conditions of the catchment basins;
• description of the main features of the site soil;
• delineation of the main basin and of all the contributing drainage areas;
• definition of the main characteristics of all the catchment areas (percentage of permeable and
impermeable area, concentration time, hydraulic length, basin slope, etc.).
The report shall include all the relevant data (allowable flow rate, section details, slope, and flow speed) for
the analyzed items using standard design methods and/or adequate software. The size of all the hydraulic
works already present shall be verified and eventually the improvements to define, in compliance with the
principles of hydraulic invariance. The drawings and the calculations shall be included all the geotechnical and
structural checks of the hydraulic works.
Cross culverts shall be located as close to the natural drainage waterway as possible. The combining of flows
from several channels into a common channel to use only one cross culvert is discouraged. From the
standpoint of hydraulic efficiency, durability and maintenance, abrupt changes in flow direction are undesirable.
The maximum angle of bend at any point along a culvert horizontal or vertical alignment should be 22.5º.
The hydraulic capacity of a culvert shall be improved by appropriate inlet selection. It’s important to provide a
more gradual flow transition to lessen the energy loss and thus create a more hydraulically efficient inlet
condition. In this regard, properly designed beveled edges or side-tapered and slope-tapered inlets are all
acceptable.
The maximum allowable velocity for unlined ditches is defined, for different kind of soils (according to Unified
soil Classification System, ASTM 2487), in the following table (Table 1):
Table 1 – Max velocity for unlined ditches
If the flow speed exceeds the above listed limits, earth ditches shall be modified (by reducing the distance
between adjacent ditches or modifying their size or slope). Alternatively, or when the above-mentioned
alternatives can’t be implemented, ditches shall be coated (lined ditches) by using concrete, steel, stone tiles,
riprap. The maximum speed for coated ditches is reported in the following table (Table 2):
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Table 2 – Max velocity for lined ditches
If, due to a particular site condition, the improvements are not sufficient to keep the runoff speed below the
above defined limits, alternative solutions shall be defined and proposed.
11.4 PLAN VIEW SHOWING DRAINAGE WORKS
The plan showing the drainage works shall report the side ditches to be built along the access roads to ES and
along the perimeter of the substation area, culverts, gutters and all the works design necessary for the runoff
surface water to avoid erosion of soil or stagnation of water in the substation area.
The plan views shall be drawn on the contour levels and shall clearly report the design path to the final
rainwater discharge point.
Figure 2 – Example of a plan view that show the drainage works for the main access road to the ES area
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Figure 3 – Example of a plan view that show the drainage works for platform substation and detail of outlet
point of discharge
12. LAYOUT OF ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION

In according to the Liberty Solutions, defined in the GRI-GRI-OPI-E&C-0001 HV/MV Liberty Substations
Construction Specification - ex OPI-EC-ND-2022-0132-GRI - ex OI 2421 and in the ANNEX I – LIBERTY
SUBSTATIONS SCHEMES AND LAYOUTS, the layout of the substation will be defined in the electro-
mechanical drawings, showing the position of the main equipment, of the electrical trenches, of the supports,
of the entrance, the preliminary position and dimensions of the buildings.
So, the layout will be defined in accordance with the standard solution and the technical specifications for
electrical design.
The civil and structural design of all the components defined in the electro-mechanical drawings (steel
supports, foundations, buildings, trenches, underground works and whatever necessary for the construction of
the substation) it’s described in the following paragraphs.
13. CIVIL DESIGN

This section aims to define the minimum requirements necessaries to comply with for a proper structural
detailed design of structures and foundations for ES. The details of the main elements that are characteristics
of electrical substation are listed in this section and they are the most significant, but the complete technical
information is not limited to the following paragraphs: drawings, reports and specific studies are always
necessary for a complete development of the project and to comply with the requirements of local Authorities.
The main civil elements needed in a primary substation belong to different categories. The main categories to
which the civil elements of a primary substation belong are:
• the supports: they can be in reinforced concrete, centrifuged reinforced concrete and steel. They are
generally made of steel and they are usually provided by the electrical equipment Supplier. Indeed,
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these are vertical elements and their functionality is to support electrical equipment such as
dischargers, three-pole supports, busbar support, etc;
• WATER MANAGEMENT: water regimentation systems are necessary to convey rainwater outside the
cabin or into specific retention systems. The layout and the correct sizing are defined through hydraulic
engineering criteria;
• the FOUNDATIONS: they are made of reinforced concrete and are sized to guarantee the correct
functionality and stability of the equipment that rests on them. The sizing takes place according to
geotechnical and structural criteria;
• the SUBSTATION MV AND CONTROL BUILDING: some Liberty Solutions provides the use of
container and others the use of the services building. The building is a complex element of civil
engineering which is schematically divided into vertical elements (columns), horizontal elements
(beams, slabs and foundations), systems of utilities (lighting, air conditioning, sanitary water,
wastewater, etc.) and finishes (windows, doors, internal and external coatings, flooring, etc).
• the COMPLEMENTARY FACILITIES: the channels, pavements, the underground utilities, the fences,
etc.
14. WATER MANAGEMENT

The scope of work includes the design of the management of the rainwater inside the substation area, and in
the surrounding areas. The design must be performed in accordance with the local codes, standards and best
industrial practices and considering the requirements reported in this document. The most stringent
requirements shall generally be applied. Indications given in IEEE 980 and IEC 61936 should generally be
followed.
Unless otherwise defined in the local regulation, rainwater of the electric station platforms is to be considered
as clean water. Only the rainwater falling in the transformer foundation and in the foundation of the Petersen
coil shall be treated as water contaminated by oils.
14.1 SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
It is appropriate to provide that the control and management of rainwater is carried out, where possible, by
means of sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) which provide for the disposal of rainfall volumes
according to the following criteria (in accordance with local environmental and health regulations):
• the reuse of stored volumes, according to quality constraints, such as watering green areas, sanitary
uses (after purification), washing floors and other uses;
• by infiltration into the soil or into the surface layers of the subsoil, compatibly with the pedological
characteristics of the soil and hydrogeological characteristics of the subsoil;
• by discharging into a natural or artificial surface water receptor;
• by discharging into sewer.
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Sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) can perform a diversified set of functions linked to both the
management of water flows and the improvement of water and landscape quality.
The design criteria of the SuDS must therefore refer to the principles of water reuse, exploitation of the
processes of infiltration, removal of water, deriving from surface runoff, using systems based on triggering
flow lamination effects with discharge in a surface water receptor natural, artificial or sewer (always
according to the limits established by local regulations).
The realization of sustainable drainage systems must always be performed in compliance with the objectives
and limits indicated by local regulations on hydraulic-hydrological invariance.
To reduce the impact related to the construction of an electrical substation (ES), in terms of rainwater
management, it is first necessary to provide for an optimization of spaces by minimizing the waterproof areas
and providing them only where there are obvious logistical and functional needs.
The sustainable drainage systems to be adopted in an electrical substation can be set up both for the regulation
of rainwater falling inside the substation and for regulation of the water coming from the surrounding areas and
relative to the access roads of the plant. Furthermore, the systems that can be adopted, in addition to having
certain techniques characteristics, must be such as not to require frequent maintenance cycles or expensive
costs.
Therefore, the sustainable drainage systems that could be used in the case of an electrical substation,
according to what has been said, could be for example one or more of the following types:
• surface or underground tanks;
• permeable pavements;
• losing or infiltration wells;
• draining trenches and vegetated channels;
• modular geocellular systems;
• underground lamination tanks (e.g., flywheel tanks);
• green roofs.
For sustainable drainage solutions and for all sustainable solutions to be used in ES it is necessary to refer to
the document GRI-GRI-GUI-E&C-0018 Sustainable Infrastructure Solutions Guideline.
14.2 RAINWATER SYSTEM
The hydraulic underground network shall be designed at a minimum depth of 80 cm, from the final grade.
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Where possible, to reduce the cost and construction time, the hydraulic network for the drainage of rainwater
shall be designed as much as possible close to the electrical utilizes. All the possible interferences between
the utilities shall be checked.
The following aspects shall be considered:
• the rainwater collected by electrical cabins (if any) shall be connected to the ES drainage network;
• the concrete trenches shall be connected to the rainwater drainage;
• the oil-water gravity separator (if any) shall be connected to the rainwater drainage system.
At every 20 m and at any change of direction, an inspection manhole shall be considered. Inspection manhole
shall be of precast or cast in situ concrete.
14.3 MANAGEMENT OF OILY WATER
In case the outdoor transformers/equipment are with oil operation, the event of oil spillage shall be considered.
Oil spillage can be caused by failure or leakage of the oil containers, can derive from sweating (normal
functioning) or from not perfect sealing of the equipment or of the fittings.
The transformer area shall be sized considering the following aspects:
• prevent that eventual oil spillage may fall out of the waterproofed area (i.e., the eventual oil spilled
from the transformer must fall in the transformer foundation);
• size a foundation for the total volume of transformers’ oil or alternatively define a system to separate
oil and water properly filtering the oily water in a dedicated tank;
• facilitate the extinguish actions in case of any fires may occur in the transformer area.
There are different approaches to the design concepts of containment systems:
→ an individual pit around the transformer foundation sized to hold all the transformer oil volume;
Figure 4 – Example of an individual pit around the transformer
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→ a limited volume containment area around the transformer, with piped drainage to an underground
storage tank;
Figure 5 – Example of limited volume containment
The individual pit approach may be economical in a substation with just one transformer, while a lined area
or a limited storage catchment area with a common underground storage tank might be the best choice in a
station with multiple power transformers.
The system used is that of a single foundation tank, used as a containment tank, for substations with several
transformers greater than / equal to two, where the oily water is collected and periodically emptied manually
through a mobile pumping system, then it is a service to be carried out periodically with specialized companies.
The transformer foundation pit shall be sized considering the indications of section TRANSFORMER
FOUNDATION for the minimum dimensions.
Alternative systems to assure the proper treatment of the oily water may be proposed, within the limits set by
local law and regulations.
15. FOUNDATIONS
In this paragraph are provided the main features of principal foundations that are present in primary electrical
substation. The foundations are designed according to loads and combination loads that the structural design
must perform. The structural design should be based on limit states in compliance with the standards indicated
in the section.
The foundations shall be designed to withstand the maximum combination of induced factored moment,
compression and torsion.
The foundations shall be designed always according to the geotechnical report.
The structural reinforcements of the foundations are always connected to the grounding mesh through the
reinforcement grounding. This takes place by means of a steel plate of fixed dimensions (200x50x4 mm)
galvanized according to the ISO 1461 standard (Figure 6). Generally, 4 steel plate are placed for large
foundations, 2 for each short side. For smaller foundations (for example unipolar and tripolar foundations) 1
steel plate is sufficient.
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Figure 6 – Foundations grounding connections
The edges of the above ground part of each foundation must be chamfered in accordance with the.
Figure 7 - Chamfer particular
The following materials should be used in the structural design, considered as minimum indications:
Lean Concrete:
• concrete Class: C12/15 (2000/2500 psi)
• environmental Exposure Class: to be defined according to the EN 206 standard or equivalent local
standard (see ACI 318)
Concrete for foundation:
• concrete Class: C25/30 (3600/4000 psi) (EN 206)
• environmental Exposure Class: to be defined according to the EN 206 standard or equivalent local
standard (see ACI 318)
• slump Class: S4 (see ASTM C 143)
• concrete cover: 40 mm
• maximum allowable diameter of aggregates: 20 mm
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• chlorides content class: CL 0.40
Reinforcing Steel:
• Steel B450C (Italy)
• B-500-S according to EHE-08 or as per local standard (Spain)
• ASTM A615 Grade 60 for bars
• ASTM A 497 for welded wire reinforcement
Anchor Bolts Connections
The tubular steel supports of the electrical equipment (for example in the case of UNIPOLAR & TRIPOLAR
FOUNDATION) may be anchored to the foundation by stubs or anchor bolts. The anchorage to the foundation
shall be checked by a combination of tension plus shear and compression plus shear, according to the failure
mode for anchors (ACI 318, Annex D).
For the design of the anchor bolts it is necessary to refer to the design indications of Eurocodes 2 and 3, for
the respective checks of the base plate, the concrete foundation and the anchors (EN 1992 – Design of
concrete structures - Part 4: Design of attachments for use in concrete; EN 1993 – Design of steel structures
– Part 1-8: Design of connections).
For the materials the EN 1993 part 1-8, in point 3.3, considers the following materials for the construction of
anchor bolts:
• Threaded rods and other structural steel elements for metal carpentry compliant with the UNI EN
10025-1 harmonized standard series;
• Steel grades compliant with structural bolting standards;
• Reinforcing bars compliant with the EN 10080 standard.
For the connection to the foundation, the designer can evaluate the shape, materials and surface treatments
of the most suitable anchoring systems for the project, which are then made to measure. According to the
project needs, the designer can decide to use either custom-made anchors or customized "standardized"
anchoring systems already available on the market.
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Figure 8 - Typical Geometry of Anchor Bolts
15.1 HV ARRIVAL FOUNDATION
The HV line arrival can be of three types:
• Dead-end tower (commonly known as “cat pole”, Figure 9);
• Gantry tower (Figure 11, Figure 12);
• Arrival underground.
Each of the aforementioned types will prepare the appropriate foundation. The dead-end tower type is divided
into three types depending on its height 9 m and 15 m, respectively called H9 and H15. For each type, the
appropriate dimensioned foundation is defined (Figure 10).
The gantry tower has a base for each support on the ground (Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15).
The underground line arrival is characterized by a base from which 3 cables rise from the ground, each for
each phase, which cross it and reach the provided insulators. The foundation relative to the underground
arrival it’s generally defined for each project by the Supplier.
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Figure 9 - Dead-end Tower Structure
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Figure 10 – Typical Foundation of the Dead-end Tower
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Figure 12 - Gantry Tower Side

Figure 11 - Gantry Tower Front
Table 3 – Elements of the Gantry Structure

List of MATERIALS
Pos. Denominations Uds
E – 1.1 Columns 2
E – 1.2 Beam 1
E – 1.3 Support platform 2
A0 – 1 Franklin point 1
C1 Ground wire --
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DOUBLE PEAD TUBE

WALL DNS63mm
SIMPLE PP TUBE
WALL DN50mm
Figure 13 - Planview of Gantry Tower Foundation
Section A-A SIMPLE PP TUBE +0.15

WALL DNS50mm
(2nd PHASE OF CONCRETING)

+0.10
(2nd PHASE OF CONCRETING)
SIMPLE PP TUBE HM–20/P/40/I HM–20/P/40/I GRAVEL PARK
WALL DN50mm +0.00
FLAT GROUND LEVEL
SIMPLE PP TUBE
WALL DN50mm DOUBLE PEAD TUBE
WALL DN63mm 8 ANCHOR BOLTS
CONCRETING DONE
AGAINST THE GROUND
CONCRETING DONE
AGAINST THE GROUND
8 ANCHOR BOLTS
TYPE – C – S/PL PF0002
(1st PHASE OF CONCRETING)
HM–20/B/40/1
1st PHASE OF CONCRETING

8 ANCHOR BOLTS HM–20/B/40/1
TYPE – C – S/PL PF0002
Figure 15 - Section B-B of the Gantry Tower

Foundation
Figure 14 – Section A-A of the Gantry Tower

Foundation
15.2 UNIPOLAR & TRIPOLAR FOUNDATION
The single-pole foundation is used in the high voltage section for fixing the measurement transformers and
current dischargers. It is a foundation plinth whose dimensions are as follows:
• The completely underground part of dimensions equal to 140 cm x 140 cm x 60 cm;
• The partially underground part centered with respect to the completely underground part and with
dimensions equal to 60 cm x 60 cm x 40 cm. This part emerges from the yard height of 5 cm.
The minimum concrete cover is conventionally fixed at 4 cm, higher values of concrete cover are always
permitted and in accordance with the exposure classes of the EN 206 standard.
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The metal structures relating to the tubular supports of the equipment must be fixed to the foundation plinth
using suitably sized plates and fixed using anchor bolts. The anchor bolts must be adequately designed and
sized in accordance with the EN 1090 standard.
The foundation element rests on lean concrete 10 cm thick and larger in plan dimensions than the sub-plinth.
The minimum concrete class of lean concrete is C12/15.
The foundation element can be cast on site or prefabricated. Its minimum concrete strength class must be
C20/25.
The tripolar foundation changes from the single-pole foundation only for the dimensions of the sub-plinth, in
this case the dimensions are equal to 160 cm x 160 cm x 60 cm, always in check-conformity with the
geotechnical and structural calculations. It is used in the high voltage section for fixing the high voltage busbar.
The images relating to the foundation element with an example list of reinforcements are shown below. The
structural and geotechnical calculation of the element must always be carried out.
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Figure 16 - Unipolar foundation plan view
Figure 17 - Section of unipolar foundation
Figure 18 - Project example of steel armor for

unipolar foundation
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Figure 19 – Tripolar foundation plan view
Figure 20 - Section of tripolar foundation
Figure 21 - Project example of steel armor for

tripolar foundation
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Figure 22 - 3D Model of tripolar/unipolar foundation
15.2.1. HV Busbar
The main HV busbars will be of the single busbar type and will be of aluminum. The height for the installation
will be 7.15 m and the separation between the centers of the main equipment will be 14 m.
Figure 23 - Front view of the main HV busbar
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Figure 24 - HV busbar scheme (left side view)
It is possible to modify the lateral bar structure to allow the removal of hybrid equipment in case of failure.
15.3 HYBRID MODULE FOUNDATION
The foundation, on which the hybrid module will be installed, it will be made of concrete and it will contain pipes
for protection, control and communication cables. In general, the foundations of the elements of the section
will be surface type, based on insulated footings and made with reinforced concrete.
The dimensions of the standard foundation will be such that they allow fixing the different support structures
of defined hybrid modules, regardless of the number of supports of the structure. In addition, these dimensions
will also depend on the type of soil. Thus, depending on the results of the geotechnical study, the
characteristics of the land or the size of the foundations should be improved, if necessary.
The sizing of the foundation relating to the hybrid module must comply with the following general technical
criteria:
• the dimensions of the foundation must be standard and adequate for the installation of all types of
hybrid module currently in use;
• the dimensions of the foundation must be compatible with the liberty standard layout of primary
electrical substations;
• on the foundation, in addition to the module, the cables trenches and the control box of the module
must be arranged;
• the dimensions of the electrical panel must be contained and must not exceed those admissible in
order to guarantee adequate operating distances from the spring drive circuit breaker and adequate
safety distances from the electrical parts of the module;
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• the opening of the control cabinet for its inspection must be on the side of the transformer.
The thickness of the foundation must be at least 40 cm, lower thicknesses must be adequately justified. The
foundation must rest on lean rock at least 10 cm thick and larger in plan view than the main base. The minimum
material specifications to be observed on the materials are indicated in FOUNDATIONS paragraph.
The solution design is shown in the following figures (Figure 25; Figure 26; Figure 27; Figure 28).
All considerations are necessaries on the structural and geotechnical design of the element, as well as on the
implementation of detailed drawings and technical specifications to adopt.
Figure 25 – General planview Hybrid Module Foundation
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Figure 26 – Detailed Planview Hybrid Module Foundation
Figure 27 – Section A-A of Hybrid Module Foundation
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Figure 28 – Section B-B of Hybrid Module Foundation
15.4 GIS-HV FOUNDATION
In progress.
15.5 TRANSFORMER FOUNDATION
The transformer foundation pit shall be sized considering the following indications for the minimum plan
dimensions.
The transformer foundation shall be considered as a basin suitable to contain the eventual spillage of oil to
prevent the eventual spillage of oil from polluting the surrounding areas.
The minimum distance from the oil container and the internal edge of the transformer foundation shall be at
least 1.5 meters, as per IEEE 980, see figure above.
Figure 29 – Transformer foundation Elevation
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Figure 30 – Transformer foundation layout
The system shall be sized taking into account the following operational conditions:
• Normal service of the transformer: rainy water and possible limited losses;
• Heavy duty service for a serious fault of the transformer: rainy water and discharge of all oil.
The initial data for the dimensioning of the container are:
• amount of oil present in the transformer (in case of several transformers the volume of the largest oil
container shall be considered) to determine the max capacity of the container;
• rainfall values, necessary to determine the capacity of the transformer foundation/basin or the capacity
of the retention pit.
A general criterion is to dimension the transformer foundation according to a total volume equal to the oil
volume of a transformer plus 30%.
Figure 31 – MV side of power transformer
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The internal surfaces of the pit shall be waterproofed with oil-resistant paint. The bottom surface shall be
smoothed and sloped toward the siphon outlet pipe. Construction and expansion joints shall be sealed using
oil resistant materials. In order to prevent any leak from or in the foundation, inlet and outlet pipes shall be
hermetical.
The top level of the foundation shall be at least 20cm above ground, in order to prevent the rainwater to flow
in.
The transformer foundation pit shall be covered with gratings. The grating, supports, all connections and
embedment shall be hot dip galvanized. Grating must be Keller type. Gravel generally 40 to 60mm diameter
and 40cm height, shall be placed over the mesh, as a way to avoid spreading of fire from the equipment in
case of accidents. A different solution to the traditional pebbles and stones, such as fire protection gratings, it
could be considered.
The distance between the 2 transformers will be at least 10 m, depending on the oil volume (in this case it’s
considered 2 000 ≤liquid volume ≤ 20 000 l), in compliance with the Table 4 (“Guide values for outdoor
transformer clearances”) of the IEC 61936-1-2021.
Only in the case where it is not possible to allow for adequate clearance, fire-resistant separating walls with
the following dimensions shall be provided:
- between transformers (see Figure 32) separating walls. For example, EI 60:
o height H: higher than or equal to top of the expansion chamber (if any), otherwise the top of
the transformer tank;
o length L: longer than or equal to longest part of the sump width/length (in the case of a dry-
type transformer, the width or length of the transformer, depending upon the direction of the
transformer);
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Figure 32 – Separating walls between transformers (figure extracted by IEC 61936-1)
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The concrete foundations have standard dimensions and they allow the installation of transformers up to 40
MVA without any modification.
The fixing points used for transformers are considered seismic and the oil container is located under the
foundation.
Figure 33 – Example of base and unique oil container for two HV/MV transformer
Figure 34 - Power transformer base and oil container
The oil container must be waterproof, thus some type of additive that guarantees this condition must be added.
The main materials that must be considered for the base are:
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Material Use Characteristic
Steel Steel reinforcement iron bars B450C
Steel Plates Structural Steel & Steel Plates EN 10025 S275JR
Surface finish
Metal surface exposed must be hot galvanized EN 1461
(for Keller grating)
Concrete Structure C 25/30 X0 S4
Concrete Bases C 16/20 X0 S4
Table 4 – Summary of the materials used for the base
In the case of execution and realization of armor in site, it is necessary to ensure:
• Correct assembly;
• Verification of all curves;
• Correct dimensioning;
• Correct location of spacers that guarantee internal distance;
• Concrete cover that must completely protect the armor by corrosion.
The following figure shows the P6 concrete shaft to be used for the transformer cable cabinet.
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Figure 36 – Planview of TFR area
Figure 35 - Concrete shaft P6
15.6 PETERSEN FOUNDATION
For the earthing section relating to the transformation section and depending on the reference wiring diagram,
there may be different solutions/alternatives. The reference electromechanical equipment consists of the
following main machines:
• Petersen coil, otherwise known as moving coil;
• Fixed coil;
• TFN;
• Resistor.
The main reference scheme is made up of electromechanical equipment which rests on a foundation tank
such as to allow the collection, also in this case, of the oily waters. The dimensions of the single tank are fixed
in plan and in height. In plan view, the tank has an overall dimension of 4.1 m in width and 6.9 m in length,
while the height between the bottom of the tank and its top is 0.7 m.
In the case, for example, of an electrical substation with 2 transformers, the section will consist of two specular
tanks with the concentration area of the low voltage cables in the center and the positioning of the PET
switchboard, while the arrivals of the medium voltage cables are lateral. The general diagrams of the
configuration can be viewed in the plan and in section in the following figures.
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Figure 37 – Planview of Petersen foundation
Figure 38 – Section of Petersen foundation considering the perimeter envisaged by CEI standards for oil
containment (IEEE 980)
Figure 39 – Section of Petersen foundation
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Other type of solution, regarding the specific neutral system chosen for the substation, a modular solution with
the following two platform types must be made:
• A 3x3 m platform foundation for equipment in oil. In this case the foundation is concepted to contain
oil water and its height is equal to 0,3 m respect the tank’s bottom;
• A 3x3 m concrete platform for equipment not in oil. In this case the platform is a simple foundation
without a containment function.
An example of a possible positioning for tanks and platforms with the correct dimensions is shown below (case
of two transformer).
Figure 40 – 3D model, example case of TFN plus resistor
Another way is the positioning the unique 3x6 m foundation as the next scheme:
Figure 41 – Unique foundation for the example case of TFN plus resistor
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It is important that all the equipment of the neutral management and grounding system will be positioned at
ground level.
15.7 CONTAINER INSTALLATION & FOUNDATION
The container is made of a self-supporting metal structure with profiles, insulated panels and corner blocks.
The floor of the container has openings, provided with suitable anti-animal closures, for the output of the MV
and LV cables.
The container size in transport configuration is approximately 12.2 m long, 2.55 m wide and 2.7 m high. An
articulated truck is used for transportation. The truck places the container close to its foundation.
By means of four lifters, the container is lifted and the articulated vehicle leaves the station maintaining a
straight path so as not to hit the lifters.
Obviously, a minimum straight space of 16 m is needed in front of the foundations to allow maneuvering to the
articulated truck. Subsequently, the stands are placed at the prepared points and then, maneuvering the lifters,
the container is lowered.
The six supports have a plate at the base to distribute the load so that it does not exceed 10 N/cm2. The plates
must be fixed to the base, as set out in the assembly manual.
The long side doors open and the space between them closes with special panels to create a service corridor
on each long side of the container.
The necessary cover must be mounted on the container to protect it from sunlight and weather.
The reinforced concrete base must support the container and allow the placement of the MV and LV cables to
reach the equipment.
15.7.1. Container Foundation
The main dimensions of the container foundations are indicated in the figure below.
In order to allocate the conditioning, the foundation must be extended by at least 50 cm beyond the edge of
the entrance staircase. Moreover, the connection pipes and the pipes necessary for the power cables must be
considered and placed.
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Figure 42 – 3D model of the container foundation
Figure 43 - Overview of the container foundation
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Figure 44 - Planview of container foundation
SECTION A–A
Container Support
Double Sheath
Lean Concrete 10 CM
Figure 45 - Section AA of the container foundation
SECTION B–B
Figure 46 - Section BB of the container foundation
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SECTION C–C
Figure 47 - Section CC of the container foundation
The cable entrance into the container from the transformer will be on both long sides (one lateral canalization
per transformer), as shown in Figure 48.
Figure 48 - MV cable to the container
The MV output cables will exit from the container long sides, each one from its own busbar side.
The LV outputs will exit from the container long sides, in the part near the entrance stairs, while the MV cables
for the Auxiliary Services, the capacitor bank and TFN connection will exit from the container short side, the
one opposite to the entrance stairs.
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16. SUBSTATION MV AND CONTROL BUILDING

The scope of this paragraph is to provide a description of the requirements to be respected for the design of
the substation control building. In particular, the standardized solutions conceived in accordance with the liberty
standards and according to the dimensions of the medium voltage switchboards to be used are shown below.
The internal configuration and disposition of the control building’s electrical equipment is provided in the plan
view electrical drawing.
The structural elevation of the building could be realized with one of the following type:
• Concrete prefabricated beams and columns and structure with precast modular concrete panels;
• concrete frame structure cast in situ, cladding wall in prefabricated concrete sandwich panels or in
brick, and roof covering;
• steel frame structure and cladding wall in prefabricated metal sandwich panels;
• reinforced masonry structure.
The control building must be constructed so as to ensure a degree of protection to outside not less than IP-33
as per CEI 60529.
According to the IEEE 979, the control building should be constructed of fire-resistive or noncombustible
materials. The building should be located and designed so that the largest estimated fire (e.g., of an oil-filled
transformer, a circuit breaker, or neighboring plants or storage facilities) will not involve or affect the operation
of the equipment within the building or vice versa.
The Control Building should be equipped with:
• adequate system of ventilation;
• reliable waterproofing of the building, in order to obtain protection against the water infiltration or
flooding;
• protection system in case of spilled oil from the transformer;
• noncombustible materials for floor, walls and ceiling.
The scope of the supply shall include but not be limited to the following activities:
• detailed structural and architectural design for the building, including the thermal and acoustic design
in compliance with the regulation indicated or local standard;
• construction;
• supplying of Certified material;
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• procurement;
• transportation;
• erection;
• inspection and test;
• as-built documentation.
The scope of supply includes all materials, components and activities necessary to ensure a proper and safe
operation of the building.
This paragraph provides the main features of materials, loads and combination loads according to which the
structural design of the Control Building must performed.
The structural design should be based on limit states in compliance with the international and local standard.
All documentation required by the regulations in force of the country concerned by the works shall be provided.
16.1 SOLUTIONS
The dimensions of the relative standard layouts are consequent to the type, therefore to the dimensions, of
the MV switchgear to be used in the case of an electrical substation with two or three transformers. The table
below shows the types of layouts and the related MV frameworks that can be hosted within the considered
solution.
Plan dimensions with respect

to the axis Number of Compatible MV
SOLUTION
of the perimeter structural transformers switchboards
elements
GIS 24/36 kV 2500 A;

Small Solution 6 m x 24 m 2 transformers
Compact 24 kV 2000 A;
2 transformers AIS 24 kV 2500 A;

Standard
10,5 m x 28 m
Solution GIS 24/36 kV 2500 A;
3 transformers
Compact 24 kV 2000 A;
Standard+1 AIS 24 kV 2500 A;

10,5 m x 35 m 3 transformers
Solution AIS 17,5 kV 3150 A;
Extended
In progress.
Solution
Table 5 – Substation Buildings Solutions and compatibles MV switchboards
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Each solution is conceived using the same construction typology, i.e. common functional characteristics and
using the same construction criteria.
The different solutions are described below. The 2D layouts of each solution (relative to the MV/LV level), with
the respective example of positioning of the MV switchboards as expressed in the Table 5, they can be viewed
within the “Example layout of the MV switchboards in the substation control building”.
16.1.1. SMALL SOLUTION
The SMALL solution is used only in the case of an electrical substation with two transformers. It is composed
of 4 spans of 6 meters each, for a total of 24 meters in length. The span in the other direction is 6 m. The
length of the LV room, in this case, varies according to needs, for example, in the case of using the MV GIS
switchboard, the LV room has a maximum of 7.80 m available, while in the case of using the COMPACT
switchboard, the LV room has a maximum useful length of 6 m.
16.1.2. STANDARD SOLUTION
The STANDARD solution is used in the case of an electrical substation with both two and three transformers.
Its use depends on the type of MV switchgear in use, as defined in the table. It is made up of 4 spans of 7
meters each for a total of 28 meters in length. The span in the other direction is 10.5 m. The maximum available
length of the LV room is 6.8 m.
16.1.3. STANDARD+1 SOLUTION
The STANDARD+1 solution is used only in the case of an electrical substation with three transformers. It is
obtained by adding 1 module of 7 m in length to the standard solution, for a total length of 35 m. The other
features are the same as the standard solution. Its use is conditional on the use of AIS-type MV switchboards.
16.1.4. EXTENDED SOLUTION
In progress.
16.2 SOLUTIONS’ FUNCTIONAL CRITERIA
16.2.1. Levels
• Square level (or ground level): altitude 0 m;
• External sidewalk level; +0.20m
• Level of trampling floor MV and LV: +1.50 m; useful height of MV and LV room: 3.80 m;
• Level of the roof support plane: +5.30 m;
• Trampling level of the sub-switchboard: -0.80 m; useful height sub-switchboard equal to 2 m.
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Figure 49 - Focus on substation’s control building levels
16.2.2. Main elements characterizing the solutions
The main elements characterizing the building solution are summarized in the following points:
• Sub-switchboard with a useful height of 2 meters, bottom walking surface at a height of -0.80 m with
respect to the ground level (square level). A metal carpentry framework must be built inside, the
extrados of which represents the walking surface (+1.50 m) of the MV room made with metal gratings.
This structure will have to bear the load of the MV compartments also in their handling;
• LV room located at the same floor level as the MV room and communicating with the latter through an
opening with a minimum width of 1.30 m (generally set to 1.50 m);
• Internal staircase for access to the sub-switchboard through the LV room (tread 30 cm, riser 17.70 cm,
ramp width 1 m, total difference in height of the staircase equal to 2.30 m);
• Internal escape staircase from the sub-switchboard to the outside (tread 30 cm, riser 20 cm, 5 risers,
therefore total difference in height 1 m, from sub-switchboard level to external pavement level). For
the construction of this staircase, a shaft of adequate size is required in the MV room, so as to have
the useful height necessary to walk the staircase safely.
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Figure 50 – Particular section of the escape stairway from the sub-switchboard
Figure 51 – Plan dimensions of the shaft
• External access stairs to the building from the pavement level of the sidewalk (+0.20 m with respect
to the ground level) to the main floor located at a height of 1.50 m with respect to the ground level
(tread 34 cm, riser 16.25 cm, width ramp 1.30 m, covered height difference of 1.30 m);
• Ventilation openings of the sub-switchboard: upper openings in the sub-switchboard to allow its
ventilation whose lower limit is +0.70 m with respect to the ground level (to avoid infiltration of rainwater
or water coming from any hydraulic tie rods flood).
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Figure 52 – Ventilation openings of the sub-switchboard
• Sidewalk surrounding the entire perimeter of the building (thickness 15-20 cm) built with a counter
slope such as to allow the correct removal of rainwater;
• Main access doors, i.e. access door to the MT room and access door to the BT room, 2 m wide;
• Side doors (right and left side of the building) with a width of 1.50 m;
• Easy access landings: 2.50 m wide;
Figure 53 – Main accesses to MV-LV rooms
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Figure 54 - 3D Model of Substation Control Building
16.3 CONSTRUCTION TECNHICAL CRITERIA
The foundation can be cast on site or made up of prefabricated modules. In the case of foundations cast on
site, it is necessary to provide for the use of special connection points which guarantee the fixing of the pillars
if the superstructure is built using prefabricated elements (therefore in the case of a mixed structure: reinforced
concrete and prestressed reinforced concrete).
The building base will be prepared with suitable openings to allow the passage of MV and LV cables, drainage
ducts and any other utility. Openings will be realized with sections of PVC pipe, corrugated pipe or ducts
embedded in the concrete.
The main structure will consist mainly of precast prestressed concrete elements and, where necessary, cast-
in-situ reinforced concrete elements. The use of prefabricated elements allows for better management of the
modularity necessary for the conception of the solutions. The frame of the building is therefore designed with
elements in prefabricated concrete such as pillars, gabled transversal beams for the roof and longitudinal
beams for the plan development.
The external vertical infills will be in lightened prefabricated panels, suitably connected to the pillars either
through pilasters or through other types of joints. The separation wall from the switchgear room can also be
made of prefabricated panels, from the ground up to the roof intrados, following its double pitched profile.
The roof will be built with double-pitched beams (double-pitched roof) and prefabricated panels lightened with
high-density insulation. The roof must have a minimum slope of 30° and allow for the correct drainage of
rainwater. The cover will have to constitute a single body with the structure of the building, so it must be suitably
anchored to the structure. Coverage should be protected by a suitable waterproof coating. The roof slope must
have a full perimeter drip.
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17. COMPLEMENTARY FACILITIES
17.1 UNDERGROUND UTILITIES
The design of underground utilities (electrical/communication & hydraulic) is part of the scope of work. The
works related to the underground utilities are of primary importance since they will affect the construction of
the whole ES. Since different aspects are involved, it’s necessary to properly coordinate the civil and structural
aspects of the design with the other disciplines (electrical and communication) to define the best solution and
the most effective layout from a constructability and safety point of view.
The trench section and the catch basin for rainwater system and electric conduits shall be designed considering
the local practices, the site conditions and the vehicular load traffic.
17.2 ELECTRICAL/COMMUNICATION UTILITIES
In the layout of the underground electrical and communication utilities the number and type of cables and
conduits will be defined. MV and LV cables will be installed in areas to consider as carriageable areas.
The electrical and communication cable may be installed in trenches or in precast/cast in place concrete
trenches.
In both cases, cables and conduits directly buried in the ground, or in case of concrete trenches, it shall be
considered the cable diameter of the cable for a correct definition of the vertical and horizontal radius of
curvature. The drawings shall clearly report the details for the cables entrance to the Substation MV & Control
Building, showing the slope and the reinforcement details of the trenches.
The conduits that lead the cables below the floating floor of the Substation MV & Control Building, must be
equipped of sealing system for waterproof and fire protection.
All trenches cover shall be able to withstand a distributed load of 20MPa. Meanwhile covers suitable for the
traffic loads shall be able to withstand a traffic load as per AASHTTO HS20-44. In case of manholes, the cover
shall be able to withstand a breaking load equal to 400kN (equivalent to a class D400 according to EN 124).
Covers shall be easily removable. Also, shall have a maximum weight not higher than 30kg, except for those
used for traffic loads who may be heavier for designing reasons.
The concrete trenches shall be designed considering the effective dimensions and the loads applied by the
vehicular traffic, directly on the cover or on the surrounding areas.
Figure 55 – Typical detail Concrete Utility Ducting
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17.3 GENERAL LAYOUT OF MV/LV CABLES TRENCHES
A general pipeline scheme in an ES relative to MV/LV cables trenches is as follows:
Figure 56 - Example 1 of MV/LV cables trenches
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Figure 57 – Examples 2 of MV/LV cables trenches
The above example layouts define the path of the following types of cables:
• MV cables: they connect the transformers to the medium voltage switchgears (TR MV output), the
switchgears to the earthing section and the MV outputs of the cables. In the first case, from the
transformer to the container/s/building, the cable trenches must be inspectable, consequently these
trenches must necessarily be made of cast-in-situ or prefabricated reinforced concrete;
• LV cables: protection, control and measurement cables;
• Communication cables.
17.3.1. TR MV Output
The MV channeling inside the substation between the transformer and the container will be performed through
electric canalizations, one per transformer. Each canalization should be at least 600 mm wide, to carry 6x630
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mm2 cables (two cables for each phase), spaced 40 mm. The trenches cover may be in reinforced concrete,
in galvanized steel (Keller type) or in Fiber Reinforced Polymers (such as Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer)
PRFV.
Figure 58 - Typical section of concrete MV cable

trench
Figure 59 - Example of real MV cable trench
Figure 60 – 3D MV canalization details
This type of solution allows to promote the air flow and water drainage.
The images are representative, in fact it is preferable to position cable holders at a constant pitch which act as
a space-meter between one cable and another to respect the distance of 40 mm.
The pipeline must be connected to the ground mesh according to the following scheme:
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Keller Type Mesh

Ground Mesh
Figure 61 - Ground mesh connection of the pipeline
17.3.2. MV output
The channeling of MV lines leaving the HV/MV substation shall be underground, in Ø200 mm tubes and with
a distance between centers of 60 cm, according to the following figure.
Figure 62 - MV outputs
There will be six MV outputs, grouped in two tracks, each of them with three lines. Moreover, if needed,
concrete shafts for insulating joints will be installed. One concrete shaft must be installed every three cables
for the insulating joint. MV distribution chamber, for the inspection of the cables and for the changes of
direction, is chosen prefabricated, class D400, with cast iron cover.
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Figure 63 – MV distribution chamber
17.3.3. LV pipeline
LV pipelines shall exit from the container along the short side, the side with the entrance ladder. The channeling
will be carried out in Ø200 mm tubes. In each intersection point, the following sectional concrete in according
to the number of cables shafts must be used:
• Concrete shaft P1 700x700 mm (or LV small) one cable in input and one in output, prefabricated, use
for sectioning (Figure 64);
• Concrete shaft P4 1000x1000 mm (or LV large), up to 3 inputs and 3 outputs (Figure 65).
Figure 64 – Concrete shaft P1 (LV

small)
Figure 65 – Concrete shaft P4 (LV large)
The connection to the ground mesh will be made in the same way as the MV cable trench.
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17.4 FENCE
The external perimeter must be protected by a suitable fence, made of durable, unbreakable, it must not be
by-passable, therefore it must be high such as not to allow any attempt to pass over in according to the
regulations. It must be respecting the urban requirements.
To reduce the risk of voltage transfer, the perimeter closure of the substation must be performed in parts
electrically separated.
The unified solution for the HV/MV substation fence consists of a wall made of reinforced concrete 0.30 m
wide and at least 0.70 m above ground and by a top grid with hot galvanized according to the standard UNI
5744/66 (ISO 1461) or higher, grid with maximum dimensions of 50x50 mm, for a total height of 2.70 m (for
both closure and door) and minimum IP grade 1X.
Figure 66 – Perimeter closure of the HV/MV substation
At the top of the fence, it is possible to insert additional protective elements proportional to the threat to be
evaluated together with the Country Security Unit, in compliance with security regulations and applicable laws.
Figure 67 – Additional passive protection for the fence
The fence will be completely isolated and at least 6 m away from the ground mesh perimeter ring. The closure
will be electrically interrupted at least every 6 m with insulating inserts (e.g. insulators in Teflon, as shown in
Figure 68). Moreover, the panel supports will be isolated from the concrete wall through the insertion of cups
in PVC, as shown in Figure 69.
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Figure 68 - Insulators for electrical interruption every 6 m
Figure 69 – Cups in PVC for isolation of panel supports
Figure 70 – Edge closure isolating
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The door must have adequate strength and a height no less than the perimeter closure. The impact of opening
the solution into the gate at possible step/contact voltages transferred must be verified.
Figure 71 - Detail of the sliding gate
17.5 PAVEMENTS
All filler materials must be suitable for the purpose for which they are intended and must meet acceptance
requirements.
For all land used, the necessary tests must be carried out in accordance with ASTM standards and in
accordance with the Technical Specifications for determining physical and mechanical requirements. Fills will
normally be made with arid material (calcareous or basaltic) from the quarry, placed in regular horizontal layers
of thickness no more than 50 cm, to be compacted with a 12-ton roller until the percentage of best compaction
is reached.
The filling of excavations with cable ducts shall be carried out with all necessary precautions not to damage
the cables and/or pipes, after placing the mechanical protections of the cables or the curing of the concrete
pillar cables when necessary.
In the execution of the work on the foundations and fillers, the following land settlement should be taken into
account to ensure compliance with the final dimensions with those of the project.
The pavement solution will be as follow:
• driveway asphalt where vehicles circulate

• gravel or self-blocking blocks in the HV sections
• concrete/asphalt/self-blocking blocks in the area surrounding the container and LV equipment
• green outside
A 5% slope must be considered in order to let the water flow.
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18. ANNEX I – LIBERTY SUBSTATIONS SCHEMES AND LAYOUTS
18.1 Generality of Liberty Layouts
With reference to paragraph 8 of the "GRI-GRI-OPI-E&C-0001 HV/MV Liberty Substations Construction

Specification - ex OPI-EC-ND-2022-0132- GRI ex OI 2421" and the definition of 27 Liberty subtypes, to provide
a tool for first feasibility assessment and guidance to a first design, 15 standard layouts have been designed.
The layouts are shown in the typical composition consisting of an HV section made of single or double bar
(GIS or hybrid), with two HV lines (aerial on dead-end tower) and two HV / MV transformers, a Medium Voltage
section (Container or building), a neutral grounding system (TFN and coils), batteries of power factor correction
capacitors, an Auxiliary Services box and ducts for the outgoing MV, made in accordance with the indications
contained in this document.
In all the layouts, the spaces useful for the handling of HV/MV transformers and containers have been
considered.
For GIS configurations it is assumed only the arrival of the AT line in cable and the only outdoor installation.
The layouts for indoor solutions are completely indicative.
All layouts are subject to the necessary changes due to:
• conformation of the site and its geophysical characteristics
• Location of the access opening
• direction of arrival of the AT lines
• distribution of outgoing MTs
• Different electrical configuration
• any additional components (Franklin tip, additional AT transducers for measurement or protection, etc
...)
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18.2 Liberty Types - Basic Schemes
HV busbar
MV busbar
1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A
1A.1
1B 2B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 9B 10B 11B 12B
2C 4C 6C 8C 10C 12C
18.3 Association Subtype – Layout
Liberty 1.A 1.A.1 1.B 2.A 2.B 2.C 3.A 3.B 4.A 4.B 4.C 5.A 5.B 6.A 6.B 6.C 7.A 7.B 8.A 8.B 8.C 9.B 10.B 10.C 11.B 12.B 12.C
Fig. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 7 8 16 17 11 12 13 5 7 8 15 7 8
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18.4 Liberty 1A
7.000 mq
18.5 Liberty 1A.1
5.500 mq
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18.6 Liberty 1B – 9B
6.900 mq
18.7 Liberty 2A – 6A
6.000 mq
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18.8 Liberty 2B – 6B – 10B – 12B
6.000 mq
18.9 Liberty 2C – 6C – 10C - 12C
2.300 mq
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18.10 Liberty 3A
8.000 mq
18.11 Liberty 3B
9.700 mq
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18.12 Liberty 4A – 8A
7.000 mq
8.600 mq
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18.14 Liberty 4C – 8C
2.600 mq
18.15 Liberty 5A
10.700 mq
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12.800 mq
18.17 Liberty 7A
12.200 mq
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18.18 Liberty 7B
16.000 mq
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18.19 Example layout of the MV switchboards in the substation control building
The layouts express the maximum capacity of the configurations described. The modularity of the buildings
allows the adaptation of the dimensions to the specific consistencies of the project.
SMALL Solution – AIS COMPACT, 2 transformers
SMALL Solution – GIS, 2 transformers
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STANDARD Solution – AIS, 2 transformers
STANDARD Solution – AIS COMPACT, 3 transformers
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STANDARD Solution – GIS, 3 transformers
STANDARD+1 Solution – AIS, 3 transformers
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INTERNAL

Operating Instruction code: GRI-GRI-OPI-E&C-0005

Subject: HV/MV Substations Civil works

1. DOCUMENT AIMS AND APPLICATION AREA ........................................................................................ 4

2. DOCUMENT VERSION MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................. 5

3. UNITS IN CHARGE OF THE DOCUMENT ............................................................................................... 5

5. ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS POSITION IN THE PROCESS TAXONOMY ......................................... 8

6. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................. 8

9. GEOTECHNICAL & GEOLOGICAL STUDIES .......................................................................................... 9

10. SEISMIC EVALUATION CONDITION ................................................................................................. 11

11. HYDROLOGICAL & HYDRAULIC STUDIES ...................................................................................... 12

12. LAYOUT OF ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION ......................................................................................... 17

13. CIVIL DESIGN ..................................................................................................................................... 17

14. WATER MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... 18

15. FOUNDATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 21

Subject: HV/MV Substations Civil works

15.4 GIS-HV FOUNDATION .................................................................................................................... 36

16. SUBSTATION MV AND CONTROL BUILDING .................................................................................. 49

17. COMPLEMENTARY FACILITIES ........................................................................................................ 56

18. ANNEX I – LIBERTY SUBSTATIONS SCHEMES AND LAYOUTS ................................................... 65

Subject: HV/MV Substations Civil works

18.15 Liberty 5A ..................................................................................................................................... 72

THE HEAD OF GLOBAL NETWORK DESIGN

Subject: HV/MV Substations Civil works

1. DOCUMENT AIMS AND APPLICATION AREA

• BIM (Building Information Modeling) design methodology.

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS TO BE IMPLEMENTED AT COUNTRY LEVEL

Subject: HV/MV Substations Civil works

2. DOCUMENT VERSION MANAGEMENT

Version Date Main changes description

3. UNITS IN CHARGE OF THE DOCUMENT

• Enel Grids: Engineering and Construction/ Network Design unit.

Responsible for authorizing the document:

• Enel Grids: Head of Network Design unit;

• Enel Grids: Head of Quality unit.

• ISO 9001 - Quality Management System – Requirements;

• ISO 27001 - Information Security Management System – Requirements;

Subject: HV/MV Substations Civil works

• ASCE 113: Substation Structure Design Guide;

• AISC 360: Specification for Structural Steel Buildings;

• ACI 318: Building code requirements for structural concrete;

• IEEE 693: Recommended Practice for Seismic Design of Substations;

• IEEE 691: Guide for Transmission Structure Foundation Design;

• IEEE 979: Guide for substation fire protection;

• IEC 61936: Power installations exceeding 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC;

• AASHTO: Guide for Design of Pavement Structures;

EUROPEAN STANDARD (EN)

• EN 1990-0: Basic of structural design;

• EN 1991-1: Actions on structures;

• EN 1992-2: Design of concrete structures;

• EN 1993-3: Design of steel structures;

• EN 1996-6: Design of masonry structures;

• EN 1997-7: Geotechnical design;

Subject: HV/MV Substations Civil works

• EN 1998-8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance;

• EN 10020: Definition and classification of grades of steel;

• EN 10025: Hot rolled product of structural steels;

• EN 10080: Steel for the reinforcement of concrete - weldable reinforcing steel;

• EN 206: Concrete – Specification, performance, production and conformity;