6 Present simple EEG Terreinwmeiescem Tips and advice for foreign students in the UK ‘Over 150,000 overseas students live and study in the UK. Read what some of them think. Do people in the UK seem friendly? My experience is very positive. British people like meeting people from other countries. Rosa, Chile What differences do you notice? People say the English are very punctual but I don’t think it's true. For example, my physics class never starts on time. Frank, Switzerland Presentation Use the present simple tense to talk about Affirmative © facts (things that are always or currently true): 1/You/We/They ve Over 150,000 overseas students live and study in the | —————-—____— in the UK. oe He/She It wes ‘© repeated events and routines: iagatt ve Thave a Physics classes every Monday at 9 a.m. = wer starts on time! U/You/ We /They _ don't (do not) Te never starts on time! ee eee * ikes/dislikes and opinions: He/She It does not doesn't) British people like meeting people from other ae You usually use the contracted forms don't/doesn’t when idariienue speaking and writing informally. Third person (he/she/it)-s: key spelling rules Questions and short answers You usually adds: live > lives Do _I/you/we/they fae, However, there are exceptions: Does he/she /it eg oil 1 Add -es to verbs ending in -ch, -o, -s, -ss, -sh, and-x: watch > watches, go> goes lam. mano 2. Change verbs ending in consonant + y to -i: Yes, you/we/theyare. No, you/wo/they arent. study > studies he / she / itis he / she /it ist 3. Do NOT change the ending -y after a vowel: buy > buys NOT bres Where 4 Note also have > has See page 233: Spelling rules do __1/you//we/ they does he/she/it come from? 2Exercises 1 Complete the sentences with the present simple form of the verbs in the box. catch cost enjoy feel go have live study travel understand 1 Ricki gees to English lessons twice a week, 2° The US President in the White House. 3 Wealways the bus to work at eight in the morning. 4 This bicycle over €500, 5 He playing computer games with his friends. 6 Most people in France their summer holiday in July and August. 7 Nigel and Bruce for their exams in the evenings. 8 Themoon round the Earth at 3,683 kilometres per hour. 9 How do you today? Are you better? 10 don't this question, Can you help me? 2 ‘Complete the interview for a school magazine. Use the present simple form of the verbs in brackets. Then listen and check. Gabi Te: Interviewer: What ' 4° you hotiCe (notice) about students in the hner, a German exchange student, is spending three months in the USA. ISA? Gabis They? 42 ¥P (get up) very early for school Interviewer: What time? (school/start) in Germany? Gabi: Wealso* (begin) at eight o'clock but in the USA the school day (last) longer. Also the timetable * (not give) much time for breaks and lunch What (you think) of American food, Gabit i (like) the breakfasts because they are similar to Germany @> but the school lunch ® (not taste) very good. It’s always ' e (Gab Teschner burgers or pizza and fries And what" (students do) in their free time? Sport is very important in the USA so they" (play) baseball or football after school. Interviewer: (you play) these sports in Germany? Gabi: Yes, I'm in a women’s football team but we !* — (not use) an oval ball. Our footballs, or soccer balls, are round! 3 Correct the sentences. Three sentences are correct. v 1 Everyone has a mobile phone these days. 6 The children like the cake. 2 What time does you get up? 4e 7 How often does he goes to the gym? 3 I doesn't believe everything in 8 It not feel very comfortable. newspapers. 9. My sister studys modern languages at 4 Do they like meeting people? university. 5 The postman bring the letters in the 10 What similarities you see between the two morning. nationalities?7 Adverbs and expressions of frequency Present simple CT oar on 1 You don't need to arrive for dinner on time in the UK. Guests are often late. ‘The Queen celebrates her birthday twice a year. The Chinese New Year is always on the same day of the year. On her fifteenth birthday, a girl often receives gold in Colombia. ‘The Irish always celebrate St Patrick's Day on 27th March. In Russia, people don’t often give presents on 25th December. Christmas Day for them is on 7th January. 9 (ure MEI wo sted syouNEA IS) AS Lp (ea 01 eak woy sobreyo ep au) sé (AEPYUTA TeuLIOU 194 puE AePHNTG PIOgFO We sey aus) LZ AL “slaMsUy Presentation Use adverbs and expressions of frequency to say how often something happens. You often use th and expressions with the present simple tense. e adverbs, Adverbs of frequency ‘These are some of the most common adverbs of frequency 0% never ~ hardly ever/rarely not often coccasionally/sometimes often normally/usually 100% always The Irish always celebrate St Patrick's Day on 17th March. Position of adverbs of frequency Adverbs of frequency normally come © before the main verb The Irish always wear green on St Patrick's Day. Russian people don't often give presents on 25th December. 24 Do Russian people often give presents on 25th December? © after the verb to be Guests are often late. Guests aren't often late Are guests often late? Expressions of frequency once a(n) twice ain) three times a(n) hour / day / week / month / year / Monday / Tuesday / Wednesday / six months / five years hour / day / week / month / year every ‘The Queen celebrates her birthday twice a year. ‘The Irish celebrate St Patrick's Day every year. We play football once a week. Position of expressions of frequency Expressions of frequency can come at the beginning or the end of the sentence: Every year they celebrate St Patrick's Day. They celebrate (don't say They every-year celebrate St Patrick's Day:) t Patrick’s Day every year.Exercises 1 Ahotel interviewed the guests about meals. Look at the results and then choose the correct words in the summary. 2 Complete the second sentence so that it has 1 How often do you use the hotel room service for your meals? Every meal 5% Once a day 45% Not often. 50% 2 Which do you normally prefer for breakfast? Continental breakfast. 85% Full English breakfast. !2%.. Don’t eat breakfast ..37 3 Do you ever eat at the restaurant in the evening? Yes, every night...°%.. Sometimes. 25%. No, Tusually eat out . 6% Five percent of the guests | always / offen use room service for meals and 45% eat in their rooms 2 every / all day. The rest hardly ever / sometimes use room service. Only 3% * rarely / never eat read of the: breakfast and most people § occasionally / usually have the Continental breaktas Full English breakfast, Most people ° always / normally eat out in the evening. Only 6% ? always / sometimes eat there, 3 Add the adverbs and expressions of the same meaning as the first sentence. Use the phrases in the box. always don’t normally don't often hardly ever once a year twice a week 1 My brother is never on time. My brother is late. 2 Spanish people rarely eat before nine in the evening Spanish people eat before nine in the evening 3° We have English lessons on Mondays and Thursdays. We have English lessons 4 My family live apart but we always meet on the first of January. ‘My family live apart but we meet 5 People in my country usually offer tea to a visitor. People in my country offer coffee to a visitor: 6 My schedule is busy so I often work at weekends. My schedule is busy so 1 havea free weekend. frequency in brackets to the sentences. Cultural Habits Breakfast habits around the world usually 1 What we eat for breakfast is the same every day. (usually) 2. In Madagascar, people eat dried beef. (a few times a week} 3 Canadians put maple syrup on their morning pancakes. (always) 4 Many of us start the day without either tea or coffee. (rarely) 5 Italians drink a cup of coffee before they do anything else. (normally) 6 Most breakfast tables around the world include bread. (every day) 28 Present continuous Presentation Hello, ''m calling about my computer. im having problems with it. ‘And it's getting worse. Use the present continuous to describe ‘© temporary events and actions at the moment of speaking: Pm calling about my computer. Now time ———_—______l_» calling © events around now (but not always at the moment of speaking). These events are often repeated events over a period of time: I'm having a lot of problems with it Now time X39 eb having problems * changing trend or situation: It’s getting worse. Affirmative and negative ' 'm (am) /'m not (am not) caling He/She /it __'s (s)/tsn't fs not) about a You/We/They 're(are) /aren't are not) COMPUT Ga You usually use the contracted forms ‘mt, ', isn't, ‘re, aren't when speaking and writing informally. Yes/No questions Is he / she /it eee Are you/we/they problems? Short answers Yes, he/she /itis. No, he/she / it isn’t, Yes, you / we / they are No, you / we / they aren't, Key spelling rules * With most verbs, add -ing to the verb: call > calling © When a verb ends with -e, delete it: have > having, live > living ‘* When a verb with one syllable ends in consonant, vowel, consonant, double the final consonant: get > getting, stop > stopping, run-> running, swim > swimming, Jog > jogging Note also: die > dying, travel > travelling See page 233 for more examples.Exercises 1 Complete the sentences with the present participle (-ing form) of the verbs in brackets. 1 Please turn off the television, I'm. (try) to study for an exam. 2 Were (go) to bed early every day this week. 3 Sorry, [can’t hear you, Someone's (make) a lot of noise 4 David’s in the kitchen, He’s (get) dinner ready, so come into the garden and have a drink. 5 They aren't here at the moment. They're (have) lunch I think, 6 He's (do) a lot of training for the marathon. 7 Issomeone (live) in that house? 8 That ice cream looks delicious. I'm (die) to try some! 2 Look at the present continuous verbs in exercise 1. Do they describe an action now or around now? 1 Gow/ around now 2 now/ around now 3 now / around now 4 now/ around now 5 now/ around now 6 now/ around now 7 now / around now 8 now/ around now 3 Complete the telephone conversation with the present continuous of the verbs in brackets. Then listen and check. A: Hello, can I speak to the manager of your shop, please? B: T'mafraid she ''S talking (talk) to another customer at the moment. Can I help? A: Well, TP? (call) about a TV I bought from your website Ie (not work). For example, I (try) to change the channels now and it® (not do) anything. ‘ you (look) at the television now? A: Yes, Lam. B: OK. Press the ‘on’ button. ? anything (happen)? A: No,itisn't, B: Can you check it’s plugged in? A: One moment. I* just (plug) it in now .... Sorry! 4 Complete the texts about changing situations and trends. Use the present continuous form of the verbs in the box. fall_get get increase ‘As you can see the weather "getting worse This graph shows that profs with terrible wind and rain. Temperatures s ‘and that the situation - across the country 4. much better for us. ew a9 Present simple and present continuous a THE MOON ORBITS, THE EARTH ONCE A DAW AT A SPEED OF 3,683 KILOMETRES, PER HOUR, Presentation ——EE IM CURRENTLY | | ORBITING THE EARTH AT A SPEED OF 28,000 KILOMETRES | PERHOUR! | Present simple Present continuous Use the present simple to talk about ‘© facts and things that are always true: The moon orbits the Earth once a day. (= this is always true) © things that are generally true: J often have problems with my computer. (= this is generally true) * general tendencies and repeated situations: It gets cold at this time of year. (= every year) © permanent situations: Where does he live? He lives with his mum. € there's no plan to change this situation) Use the present continuous to talk about ... © actions happening now: T'm currently orbiting the Earth. happening now) ‘* something that is happening now or around now: Tim having lots of problems with my computer. (at the moment) © changing situations: Its getting colder. (= at the moment) © temporary or new situations: Where is he living now? He's staying with friends for the moment, but this situation will change) Stative verbs You usually use the present simple with verbs such as be, like, believe, look, understand and know. These verbs describe states. You rarely use them in the present continuous form: I understand what you mean. / Fnvntderstanding what you mean. X 28 Time expressions and adverbs You often use these adverbs and expressions with the present simple tense: always, sometimes, every day, all the time. You often use these time expressions with the present continuous: at the moment, currently, now, today.Exercises 1 Choose the correct forms. 1 The Earth has is having a population of 6.7 billion people. ‘The climate of the Earth becomes / is becoming warmer at the moment. As you move towards the equator, the temperature becomes / is becoming warmer. You live in France now but where do you come / are you coming from originally? My family lives / is living in Nigeria for two years. After that we'll move to Alaska. Sorry, I can’t hear you because I stand / ’m standing on the platform at the train station, The train comes / is coming into the station now. I'll be home in ten minutes. ‘This car never starts / is never starting in the winter. How often do you take / are you taking a holiday? 10 Do you understand / Are you understanding what I'm saying? eCernoansen 2 Complete the article about an internet businessman. Use the present simple or present continuous forms of the verbs in brackets. A day in the life of Simon Nixon of www.moneysupermarket.com Tnormally (get up) at seven o'clock, but this week [Our customer promise DP? coon. (Start) work earlier because it’s a busy period. e ae T? cco (usually arrive) at work by nine and I* © oat capceanave (check) my emails. Today, I... (work) on reports on beech caad i ‘our websites because these tell me how many people @ Supportin if \ 6 (currently visit) our websites. For ee example, we” .. (have) about six million visitors every month and this number “............. (increase). We ? vm (also make) a lot of improvements to our sites at the moment. ‘The internet business is very competitive and it ”.......... (get) harder to stay at the top. 3 Complete these questions for Simon. Use the present simple or present continuous forms. 1 What time 4e you get up? At seven o'clock. 2 Why earlier this week? Because it'sa busy period. 3° When at work? Around nine, 4 What today? The reports on our websites. 5 How many people every month? About 6 million. 6 the number of people who visit your sites Yes, itis. 7 easier to stay at the top? No it isn't.w of units 6 to 9 10 Rev Grammar 1 Put the words in order. 1 onarrive time always does she? 2 Latwice girlfriend my see week. 3 watch time we never to TV have. 4- start nine work usually do at you? 5 are dinner early always they for. 6 normally do celebrate you when. Christmas? 7 ishardly my brother trouble ever in. 8 aonce the company year closes. 9 we to don't the go cinema often. 10 the bus you how do often catch? 2 Correct the mistakes. 1 The train leave at five o'clock every day. The train leaves at five e'cleck every day. 2 Don't believe everything he is saying. 3° What are you makeing? 4 I'mafraid my colleague are visiting a client. 5 What do you wait for? Let’s go. 6 You look very similar to someone else I'm knowing. 7 How much do that cost? 8 What time does usually he arrive? Choose the correct options, 1 mleaving the office now / often so I'll be home in twenty minutes. 2 Currently / Once a year we celebrate Independence Day. 3° What are you doing today / often? 4 Where does Rowena come from now / originally? 5 They aren't answering the phone right now / abvays. 6 We visit the gardens in the park always / every weekend. 7 You need to get a new passport every / once five years. 8 We visit my grandparents always / once a week. Write questions 1-6 using the words given. Use the present simple or present continuous. Match 1-6 to a-f. 1 How often / you / eat out? 2 Why / you / leave / now? 3° What time / the match / normally / start? 4° Which sister / talk / to Harry? 5 Where / Nigel / wait for us? 6 What / you do / in your free time? I think it's the youngest but I'm not sure. Because it’ late At the bus stop. About twice a week. Tread and sometimes go to the cinema. And you? Atthree. eaogeGrammar in context 5 Read the letter. Correct the mistake in each line. | Dear Sir or Madam, iting 1 | amweite to request @ copy of your brochure. 2 Currently, my wife and | plan « cruise round the 3 Mediterranean and we is very interested in your tours. 4 Your advert in the newspaper show a picture of a 5 traditional fishing village. It is looking fascinating 6 We also wants to know about trips to the USA. 7 Do you offering any tours to California this year? Yours sincerely, George & Bertha wright Rees Pronunciation: linking sounds 1 Listen again 6 (GEIB Listen to these sentences. Notice how the speaker links the word ending with the consonant /s/ or /z/ to the word beginning with a vowel. Is She gets __up before nine. ial He goes _out to work. 7 @%ED Listen to these sentences. Draw the link and decide if the consonant is /s/ or /2/. ial ‘The Chinese New Year is _always different. ‘The US President lives in the White House. Nicola likes any kind of music. ‘My boss drives a red Porsche. Simon works at the supermarket. This meat tastes awful. She's often late. Then listen again and repeat the sentences. 8 @§EE Read the article in a student magazine about a visiting student from Germany. Then listen and correct the four mistakes. givl You might see a new bey at our school. She's Gabi Teschner and she’s visiting our school for three months so we interviewed her about life in her home country of Germany and the USA. One difference is students in the USA get up late for school. It's similar in Germany but the school | day here is longer with more time for breaks. As for the food, she likes breakfast but loves school lunches! German students also like to play sport after school but the shape of their ball is square not oval! atPast simple Time expressions 21 MY TOP TWENTY FILMS 15 In A Lonely Place For Dix and Laura it was love at first sight. But then a girl died. The police were sure that it was Dix who murdered her. Laura defended him. She didn't believe the stories about his violent past. But Dix became more and more possessive and she wasn't so sure. Did Dix kill the girl? Was their love strong enough to survive? Presentation Use the past simple to talk about actions and situations, in the past. tobe The past simple forms of fo be are was and were: It-was love at first sight. The police were sure Dix was the murderer. Regular Verbs With most other verbs add -ed to form affirmative verbs: kill + killed, defend -> defended Use did/didn't + infinitive to form questions and negatives. Did Dix kill the girl? (not Did Dix killed the gir?) Laura didn’t believe the stories. (not Laura didn't believed the stories) Use did/didn't to form short answers, Did Laura believe the police? No, she didn't Irregular Verbs Some verbs have an irregular affirmative form in the past simple: become -> became, leave -r left, tell -> told See page 235: Irregular verb list Time expressions Here are some common time expressions often used with the past simple: yesterday, last week, last year, two ‘years ago, five minutes ago 52. @ http://www.mytoptwentyfilms.com tobe was wasn't (was not) 7 He / She /t sure. You/We/They ret were not Whe she /it Yes, I/he / she /it was. No, Ihe / she /it wasnt ‘you / we / Yes, you / we / they were. they No, you / we / they weren't Was right? Were Other verbs believed didn’t believe L/You/ He / She / It/We / They the stories. I/you/he / she /it / we/ they I/you / he / she /it/ we/ they What did ask Laura? Did believe the stories? Yes, I/you/he/ she /it/ we / they No, 1/ you / he / ge she /it/we/ they didn't. Key spelling rules You may need to make small changes to the spelling of the verb at times: 1. live + lived (not iveed) 2. cry -> cried (not eryed) See page 233: Spelling rules1 Complete the text with the past simple form of the verb in brackets or short answers. Dix! (be) a writer and Laura* (be) a young actress. They : (live) in the same apartment block, but they * (not know) each other. One night Dix * (bring) a young girl back to his flat. As they arrived, they® (meet) Laura, She and Dix” (look) at each other. They* (not speak), but they were instantly attracted to each other. ‘The next morning the police * (ask) Laura to go to the police station. The girl ® (be) dead. The police " (think) that Dix was the murderer, a (you see) Dix leave with the girl?’ they ® ask) "No, | she replied, ‘T'S (see) him standing at his bedroom window ~ alone? Dix and Laura's eyes met across the room. Everyone could see they (be) in love. 2 Complete the questions with the past simple form of the verbs in the box. ask be(<2) do meet talk tell What job Dix 2 He was a writer. 2 When Dix and Laura first 7 One night, when Dix brought a girl home to his flat. 3 they to ach other? No, they didn't. They just looked at each other. 4 Why the police Laura to go to the police station? They wanted to ask her some questions. 5 Dix worried? No, he was sure Laura could prove his innocence. 6 What she the police? That she saw him standing alone at his bedroom window. 7 they in love? Yes, it was obvious to everybody. 3 Put the words in the correct order to make questions. night what you last do did? see you what film did? 1 2 3 actors were who the? 4 about was what it? 5 it you enjoy did? 4 Match the responses a-e to the questions in exercise 3. Then listen and check. pach a Yes, it was great Oo b A writer and an actress who fell in love. fe) © Anold black and white film called Jn A Lonely Place. (a 4 We went to the cinema El e Humphrey Bogart and Gloria Grahame. fey 5322 Presentation Past continuous and past simple Actions in progress, temporary actions and situations, the background to a story It was winter. | was staying with my grandparents at the time, One day | needed to go to London. My grandparents offered to drive me to the station. It was snowing and the traffic was moving really slowly 0 | decided to get out and walk. As | arrived at the station the last passengers were getting on the train, | ran to the platform, but it was too late. The train was leaving the station. Use the past continuous to talk about actions and situations in progress at a particular moment in the past: It. was snowing and the traffic was moving really slowly. Past continuous Affirmative and ne, WHe/shesit 28 wasn't (was not) - ee running, were We/You/ They erent (ere not) Questions and short answers was Ihe / she / Where going? were we/you/they Yes, I/he/she/it was. No, I/he/she/it wasn't. Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/ they weren’ You also often use the past continuous to describe the background to a story: It was winter. Iwas staying with my grandparents at the time. Do not use the past continuous with stative verbs: I needed ... (not I was-needing) See Unit 9 for information about stati verbs. Past continuous and past simple You can use the past continuous with the past simple to talk about two actions that happened at the same time Use the past continuous to talk about the action which was already in progress. Use the past simple to talk about a second, shorter action: She arrived on the platform time The train was leaving the station When she arrived at the platform, the train was leaving the station. The second, shorter action sometimes action already in progress: terrupts the The ticket collector stopped me time | was running up the stairs Iwas running up the stairs to the platform when the ticket collector stopped me.Exercises 1 Complete the sentences with was, were, wasn’t or weren't. 1 What you doing at ten o'clock last night? 2 Why he running away so fast? 3 He doing his homework. He watching TV instead! 4° They disturbing the neighbours with their loud music. 5 Tmsorry.1 working late at the office and I forgot to call. 6 Sorry, we listening. What did you say? 7 She living there for very long, only a few weeks, I think. & They having problems with their car, so they took a taxi. 2 GHEY Choose the correct form of the verb. Then listen and check. Conversation 1 A: What did you do / were you doing at 2 a.m. this morning? * Did you have / Were you having a party? B: No, nota party. We invited / were inviting some friends round for dinner. Wh A: The music was really loud! I tried / was trying to get to sleep. B: Sorry! I§ didn't know / wasn’t knowing it was so loud. Conversation 2 C: Oh! Hello! I didn't know you * waited / were waiting for me. 1” spoke / was speaking to Mark on the phone. D: It's OK. 1 finished / was finishing work about half an hour ago. Would you like to go for a quick coffee? Have you got time? C: Yes, Ihave. 1° just looked / was just looking at a report, but I can finish it later. 3 Complete the text with the past continuous or past simple of the verbs in brackets. ocr Aman! (walk) down the street. It (be) a beautiful day — the sun (shine) and the birds * (sing). The man* (walk) past a park bench when he ® (see) a piece of paper on the floor. He (pick) it up. It* (be) a lottery ticket He’ (cross) the street to a shop where a woman” (write) the winning lottery numbers on a board. He " (read) the numbers on the board and : (look) at the numbers on his ticket. He couldn't believe his eyes! As he : (walk) out of the shop, he (dream) about how he would spend his three-million-pound prize! 5523 ever, never Tye never skied before. This is terrifying Yes, | have. | went last year, . with Maddy. xh Presentation Present perfect and past simple 1 Wow! | haven't seen that before. It’s beautiful. When did you get it? This isthe first time Ive flown. It’s so exciting! se the present perfect to talk about your experiences, the things you've done, and haven't done, in your life. Form the present perfect with have / has + past participle. Past participle With regular verbs, add -ed: ski» skied Some verbs are irregular: see —> seen, fly > flown See page 235: irregular verb list Affirmative and negative ‘ve (have) You 6 fou We/ TRY haven't (have not) — a Visited Paris has) He/She /It Be hasn't (has not) Questions " have _1/'you/ we / the Hee me ee OY sto? countries has he/she/it Have 1/you/ we/ they visited Paris? Has he/she /it Short answers Yes, 1/ you / we / No,1/you/we/ haven't they ee) ey Yes he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn't. ever / never You often use the present perfect with ever and never: Have you ever driven a jeep? (ever = in your life) Tve never been to India, (never = not in my whole life) 56 You also use the present perfect with not / never ... before: Thaven't been here before. I've never skied before. You use the present perfect and not the present simple with the first Say This is the first time I've ridden a bike. (don't say This is the first time I +ie a bike.) second / third time. Present perfect and past simple Use the present perfect to talk about experiences in general. You do not say when it happened. Have you been to Paris? ( = at any time in your life) . 7927 now time a | You were born You often use the past simple after present perfect, {questions to give information about specific events and times in the past. Yes, Ihave. I went last year, with my friend Maddy. | went | to Paris now time | last year been When you are talking about experiences, you often use been as the past participle for go. Say I've been to Paris three times, (don't say Fre gone to Paris three times.) See Unit 24 for more information about been and gone.Exercises 1 Complete the sentences with the present perfect of the verb in brackets. 1 s the first time I (eat) here. The food is really good. 2 never (win) a prize before. He's so pleased! 3 Jamie (meet) Klara? I think he'd like her. <1 (not do) anything like this before. It’s great fun! 5 you ever (go) to a football match? 6 Myparents (not be) here before. It’s their first time. 7 you (study) this before? You're very good at it. 8 Abby (see) the new photo exhibition? She'd love it 2 Write questions using you and the present perfect. travel /abroad? Have you ever travelled abroad? be / a live concert? take part / sports competition? be/on TV? 3. Answer the questions in exercise 2. If the answer is yes, give more details. Use the present perfect or simple past as appropriate. 1 Yes, | have. I've been to France, Morocco and Thailand. | went to Thailand last year for a month, Ht was great! 4 GEE Choose the correct form of the verb. Then listen and check. Conversation 1 ‘A: ' Have you tried / Did you try the new Korean restaurant in town? Br Yes, Ihave / did. We" 've been / went there a couple of times. We ' ve been / went last weekend, ‘A: What ® have you thought / did you think of it? B: It was good, really good. Conversation 2 Cr Thate my job! D: * Have you ever thought / Did you ever think about changing it? Ce Yes, 1” have / did, lots of times! In fact 1° ve spoken / spoke to my boss about it yesterday. Dz Really? What” has he said / did he say? 5 Underline the mistake in each sentence and write the correct version. Have you eaten well when you were in London? Did you eat This is only the second time I sleep in a tent. I never went here before. It’s really beautiful Have you ever gone to Australia? I'd love to go. Have you enjoyed the film last night? Yes, we did. It was great. 1 2 3 4 5 He visited so many interesting places in these last three months. 6 7 Is this the first time your kids visited Disneyland? 8 I've seen Paul at the swimming pool yesterday. 724 Tom Hikay, Have you seen Jack this morning? The boss is looking for him. It's about the report, Has he finished it yet? IED Hi 70m, Jack's just gone out to the post office. He says he’s already handed the report in. | | It's on the boss's desk, Tom Thanks! I've just found it. Panic over! Present perfect and past simple 2 Unfinished time, present result, recent actions, just, yet and already Presentation Unfinished time and finished time Use the present perfect to talk about past actions within a period of time that is unfinished (this week, this year, ever, never, yet): Have you seen Jack this morning? (It's still morning; the ‘morning has not finished.) I've seen Jack a couple of times this morning. Use the past simple to talk about actions in a period of time which is finished (last week, yesterday, five minutes ago): Did you see Jack this morning? (I’s now evening, the morning has finished.) I saw Jack about five minutes ago. Present result Use the present perfect to talk about a past action which has a result in the present. You do not say when the action happened: He's handed in the report. (The present result is it’s on the boss's desk now.) If you want to say when the action happened, use the past simple: He handed in the report last night. just, yet, already You often use the present perfect with just, yet and already to talk about actions that happened recently, or actions that we are expecting to happen soon. 1've just found it. He's already handed it in. The boss hasn't seen it yet. 58 + Use just to show that an action happened in the recent past He's just gone out, (It happened a few minutes ago.) ‘They've just got married. (It happened a few weeks ago.) + Use yet in yes/no questions and in negative sentences with not. Has he finished it yet? + Use yet in negative sentences to say that something ‘we are expecting to happen hasn't happened: He hasn't finished it yet. + Use already to emphasise that something has happened before now: Tve already finished the report. (We don't know exactly when this happened. The important thing is that it happened before now) been and gone In the present perfect there are two possible past participles forms for the verb go. + Use been to say that someone went somewhere and came back I've been to Paris three times. (I'm not in Paris now.) See Unit 23. + Use gone to say that someone went somewhere and is still there. Suzi’s gone to Paris for the weekend. (She's still there.)Exercises 1 Match the sentences in column A to the responses in column B. A B 1 Has anyone seen my phone? © a Yes, I'vealready told her. 2 Have you washed my shirt? b Well, hurry up! We're late. 3° Ihaven’t had a shower yet. C Ttwasheretwominuterage, 4 Have you had lunch? d No, thanks. I've just had one. 5 Can Iget youa coffee? @ No, I've already done it, thanks. 6 Do you want me to make dinner? 1 Yes, it’s on the back of the chair in your room. 7 You look really sleepy Yes, I've just got up. 8 Does Lynne know about the party? h No, [haven't. Would you like to go to that new café? 2 Add the words in brackets to the sentences. yet 1 Dont throw that away! I haves‘ finished it (yet) I've spoken to Polly. She's coming at two o'clock. (just) ‘There’s no need to clean the kitchen. I've done it. (already) Have you spoken to Simon? He's called you a couple of times. (yet) they've had their first baby. just) 2 3 4 5 Joand Matt are so happy. 6 Don't make any lunch. I've eaten. (already) 7 Careful! I've painted the front door. It hasn't dried. (just / yet) 3 GERD Choose the correct forms. Then listen and check. Conversation 1 A: What's happening about Mum's birthday present? ! Have you phoned / Did you phone Dad yet? B; No, but? he has sent / sent me an email earlier. It's OK. He *'s already bought / already bought the flowers. He * has been / went to the market first thing this morning to pick them up. Conversation 2 C: Ohno, I've just remembered something! Last night I* after class today. ‘ve promised / promised Jane that I'd pick her up D: It’s OK, don’t worry. Tom's just “been / gone to get her. He's on his way now. Conversation 3 E: [think everything’s almost ready. 1” ve packed / packed the bags, I've got the tickets and the passports. I haven't called / didn’t call the taxi yet. F: Don't worry. 1° ‘ve already booked / just booked one. | phoned them last night. 4 Complete these sentences so that they are true for you. Te just Thaven't yet. T've already Thaven’t done any this week. Tve done a lot of over the past month. eosenas T've never been25 Review of units 21 to 24 Grammar 7 you what doing were? 1 Correct the mistakes. There is one mistake in Se 8 — worked have children before with you? 1 One day I was walking down the road when I saw wasseeing a very strange thing. 2 A: Have you ever been to India? 3 Match the questions in exercise 2 to the answers below. a I don’t know, but it was really late. b No, Idon’t think she’s come in yet. J B: Yes, I went three ti Rechte et © Yes, I sometimes babysit for Beth at the 3. Have you spoken to Jim yesterday? weekends Reed cant nave renewerre Iwas busy. I was studying for an exam. B: No, sorry, I haven't read it already. lorries ean am aaiaiel 5A: Where's Hugh? f Yes, Iwas working on that report. : B: He's just been to the shop. He left two 9 Mydad taught me, He was professional, _| minutes ago. h Yes, I was. I really wanted to pass it. 6 A: Have you finished yet? t . Yes, Thave. I've finished half an hour ago. Underline the correct form of the verb. Conversation 1 7 Hewas breaking his leg when he was playing ‘A: What ! did you do / were you doing in the library football. at 10 pam. last night? 8 _ Inever rode a motorbike in my life. Have you? B: I? studied / was studying for my driving test. Dik sent st tank A: I? thought / was thinking you ‘ have taken | took itlast week. 1 you me for looking were yesterday? B: Ihave / did’ But 1° failed / was filing Conversation 2 2 get time what there you did? C7 Have you been / Have you gone to the photo exhibition in the town hall? D: No, I haven't. But Paula * has been / went last 3. this morning seen have Beth you? me C: Has she liked / Did she like it? 4 exam you about worried were the? D: Yes, she said it was great. She " bought / was buying mea poster. I’ve put / was putting it on the wall in the office. 5 learn play did you tennis where to? : Oh, was that you? I’ve noticed / noticed it yesterday when I was coming in to work. 6 were working you last late night?Grammar in context 5 Complete the text with the correct answer, a, b, or c. I! 4 alot of strange things in my life, but this, definitely the strangest. A few years ago I asa travelling librarian for the summer. Once a week we # to visit a small village in the middle of the country. One day a hen > into the library and asked for three books. I don’t know about you, but 16 a talking hen before. I was so surprised I gave her the books. The next week, when we came back, the hen? for us when we arrived. She gave me her 1 a ‘veseen b wasseeing ¢ saw 2 ahasbeen — b wasbeing —¢ was 3° a have worked b was working ¢ worked 4 a went b been © gone 5 awascoming b hascome ¢ came 6 aneversaw b neversee ¢ havenever seen 7 a waited b have waited ¢ was waiting Pronunciation: past simple -ed endings books back and * for some more. This went on for a few weeks. I got curious. * really read all those books? I” to follow her. The hen walked out of the village and into a field. In the middle of the field, there was a pond where a frog " for the hen. The hen ® up to the frog and put the books down at his feet, one by one. As she put each book down at his feet, the frog looked up and said 8 a asked b didn’'task —¢ was asking 9 a Didthehen b Wasthehen ¢ The hen did 10 a wasdeciding b decided _¢ decide 11 a waited b were waiting ¢ was waiting 12 a waswalking b walks © walked 13° a I've read it b Twas ¢ Tread it reading it Listen again 6 GE when you add an -ed to verbs, you can pronounce the final sound of the verb in three ways: /t/, /d/ or /id/. Listen and repeat these examples: fe rap tieinedt elp ~ helpe pitted! 2 want - wanted. Id 3. listen - listened 7 GEG Listen to these verbs with -ed endings and write the phoneme /t/,/d/ or /td/ over the -ed ending: Ads ttl id decided asked arrived looked needed started lived played visited promised dreamed waited 8 Listen to two short conversations. Answer the questions for each one. Conversation 1 1 How many times have they been to the new restaurant? 2 When did they last go there? Conversation 2 3 What did she talk to her boss about? 4 When did she talk to him?26 Present perfect 3 for and since (How long have you known Steve?” Presentation You use the present perfect with how long, for and since to talk about an action or a situation that started in the past and continues in the present. He's worked here for over fifty-five years. (He started working here fifty-five years ago ~ he still works here.) Thaven't played tennis since I left school. How long have you known Steve? You do not use the present simple. (don’t say He works here for over fifty-five years.) for and since You use for to talk about a period of time: He's worked here for fifty-five years / a long time. You use since with the point in time when the action started: now 6 eee ye for 36 years He's worked here for thirty-five years. now 1 — irene Hes worked here shice he left school since he left schoo! You use the past simple in time expressions with since: He's worked for his father since he left school. Tve made a lot of friends since I moved here. I've known Jim since Iwas a child.Exercises 1 Look at the pictures and write sentences using the present perfect of the verbs in brackets and time expressions with for or since. 1 He (be) here fifteen years. 2 She (not play) tennis four years. si (live) here child. 4° They (have) the same car avery long time. 5) They (know) each other at university. 6 We (not see) John weeks and weeks. 2 Correct the mistake in each sentence. 1 Thaven't heard from Tom fer the day of your birthday party. since 2 We work really hard on this project for the last six month Dave hasn't been very happy since the last few days. Has anything happened between you two? They‘ living in the same house for as long as I can remember. She's had a bad back for the baby was born. I’ve always been interested in music, ever since I've been a small child. He doesn't speak to his mother since he left home. I've waited since a long time for this opportunity. 3 Complete the questions using you and the verbs in brackets and then answer them. Give two answers each time, one with for and one with since. 1 Howlong have you lived (live) in your present home? For Since 2 How long (know) your best friend? For since 3 How long (study) English? For Since 4 How long (have) this grammar book? For Since51 Plans, intentions and arrangements Yuck! I’m never going to get married. I’m going to ‘stay single all my life. going to and present continuous SOME YEARS ra This is Harry. LATER. (He's an old friend from school. Harry, this is my fiancée, Paula. We're getting married on Ist May. We'd like you to come to the wedding. Presentation going to Present continuous or going to? You can use be + going to + infinitive to talk about intentions or plans for the future: I'm going to stay single. T'm never going to get married. Affirmative and negative I ‘m/'mnot He / She / It 's/isn't going to get married, You/We/They 'e/ aren't Question An 1 (When) Is he/she/it going to. invite Harry? ‘Are you/we/ they Present continuous You can use the present continuous to talk about arrangements in the future: Paula and 1 are getting married on Ist May. Tim meeting Harry tomorrow night at eight. See also Units 8 and 9. 4112 You can use either form to talk about plans and arrangements in the future: We're playing tennis tomorrow. We're going to play tennis tomorrow. ‘When you use the present continuous to talk about the future you normally use a specific future time expression We're playing tennis tomorrow. If you don't use a future time expression (or the time is not obvious), the present continuous refers to the present time: We're playing tennis tomorrow. (= future) We're playing tennis. (= now at the moment of speaking) go and come You normally use the verbs go and come in the present continuous, not with going to: Who's coming to your wedding? (not Who's going-to come to your wedding?) Who's going to the wedding? (not Who's goinigto-go to the wedding?)Exercises 1 Look at the pictures and write sentences. Use going to and the phrases in the box. become a firefighter buy a Ferrari get married grow her own food have along holiday start his diet next week travelroundthe world try something exciting a6 1 He's going to travel vound the world, 2 He 3. They 4 She 7 She 8 She 2 Tick the sentences where you can use the present continuous without changing the future meaning. ‘We're going to speak to everyone in about an hour. / T'm going to ask him to call you back. X Lucinda isn’t going to arrive until three, Is she going to explain how to answer these questions? T'm going to tidy my room. I promise I ‘The children are going to start school at the end of August. Everyone is going to meet in the town square at midnight. ‘They're going to rebuild that old house. Are you going to tell her how you really feel? She needs to know. 40 The whole family is going to spend their next holiday on the beach. 3 Complete these sentences about your plans and intentions for the future. 1 Next week I'm going to 2 Next month I'm going to 3 Next year I'm going to 11352 will and going to 1 Decisions Presentation A: It's Sandra's birthday tomorrow. I'm going to buy her a scart. B: Oh, | didn't know it was her birthday! Il get her some jewellery or something, Use will and going fo to talk about decisions: I'm going to buy her a scarf. Tl buy her some jewellery or something, going to Use going fo to talk about a decision made before the conversation: 1's Sandra's birthday tomorrow: I'm going to buy her ascarf. 14 will Use will to talk about a decision made during the conver- sation (while we are speaking or making the decision): I didn't know it was her birthday! I'll buy her some Jewellery or something. _ (CW by her some jewellery.’ Time of decision now SS Rule of form for modal verbs Will isa modal verb and follows the rules of form for all modal verbs. © The third person singular has no -s: John will be here ‘at 9 otclock. (not He wits be here at 9 o'clock.) © The auxiliary verbs do and does are not used in questions or negatives: Will he be here at 9 o'clock? (not Boeshe-will be here at 9 o'clock?) *# Itis followed by the bare infinitive of the verb. He'll be here at 9 o'clock. (not He'll te be here at 9 o'clock.) You normally use the contracted form 'Ilin conversation.Exercises 1 1 Put these words in the correct order to make sentences or questions. are fun you something to going do for your 4 next you do will what? birthday? 2 2 Ga 1 5 dotowon'tbe that we able going birthday are you to what buy for her? 6 Laura and decide today to are going Mike as soon back as call you possible Pl k the correct response, a or b. Then listen and check. I'm really sorry. I've just broken the handle on 4 What are your plans for your retirement? the door. a: I'm going to travel round the world on a a: ‘That's OK. I'm going to fix it later. ctuise ship. I've already bought the tickets! b: That's OK. I'l fix it later. b: [ll travel round the world on a eruise ship. Are you busy later? Can you help me with 5 Are you going to join us later? something? a: Maybe later. 'm going to see a play at the a: Tcan't, Pim afraid. I'l help Martin later on. theatre. b: Ican't, I'm afraid. I'm going to help Martin b: Maybe later. I'll see a play at the theatre. later on 6 _ Isanyone going to come shopping with me? I need someone to help me with something, Why don’t any of you want to? a: I'll doit. a: OK then. I'm supposed to be in class but I’m. b: I'm going to do it. going to come. b: OK then. I'm supposed to be in class but [ll come. 3 Complete the emails with the will or going to form of the verbs in brackets. Brew alfneoy —Bitrorvars hy rrnt AB vote Hi Mariana | I have a conference in Brazil next month and | 1 (stay) in Pio for three days so} || we can meet! Raul 4 Hi Raul Great! The problem is I've already planned my holiday for next month = 12_ i (travel) round Argentina with Lizzie for a couple of weeks and we ° (not return) until the 18th. Is that too late? | could change our fights | suppose. M. ''m not exactly sure about my dates yet so don't change anything, 14 : (email) again when | know for certain, Raul I OK.18 (not change) my fights until I hear from you. M. 1155 will and shall promising, offering, requesting, suggesting Man: Woman: Man: Woman: Man: Woman: Man: Presentation Thore's someone at the doort Shall | answer it? No, i's OK. I'l go, t's probably my tax Where are you going? To see a friend. Don’t worry. | promise | won't be late, Shall | pick you up? That would be nice, Will you phone me when you want to come home, then? will You can use will for * Promising: I promise I won't be late. * Offering: Pll come and pick you up if you want. * Requesting: Will you phone me, please? shall / we: Shall is a modal verb, See Unit 52 for notes on the rules of form for modal verbs. You often use Shail I ..? ot Shall we ...2 for .. © Asking what to do: Shall answer it? ‘© Suggesting: Shall we go out later? © Offering: Shall I pick you up? will or shall? Questions with Shail ...?and questions with Will ...? have different functions: offer j_duestion about future tone Shall I pick you up later or will you catch the bus? 116Exercises bold with the words in the box. 1 Replace the word: rll Iwon't shall! shall we we'll will you 1 [promise not to be late. be late. 2 Why don’t we have some lunch here? have some lunch here? 3° Can you help me with something? help me with something? 4 Do you want me to speak to them? speak to them? 5. Shall we leave a message for them? leave them a message if you want. 6 The phone's ringing, Let me answer it. The phone's ringing getit 2 GED Complete the conversations with shall, will/l. Then listen and check. 1 A: we start or do you want to wait for the others to arrive? BI give them a call and see how long they're going to be. 2 A: Thisis my favourite song! we dance? B: No, Ican’t dance to this but I dance if they play some Elvis 3A: there be time for a break later on? B: Unfortunately not, so wwe take a break now? 4A: The package is at the post office. Igo and collect it? B: Don't worry. I pick it up when I go for lunch, 5 A: Tcarry your bags for you? B: Oh, Thanks lot. You take this one and I carry the other. 6 A: you carry my bag for me? B: Sure. Give it here. take your coat as well? 3 Write a sentence for each situation. Use the word in brackets. 1 Promise your friend not to tell anyone his secret, (won't) 2 Offer to make a cup of tea for someone. hall) 3 You bought an mp3 player but it doesn’t work. Ask a shop assistant to change it for another. (will) 4° You are with a group of friends. Suggest going to the park. (shall) 5 A friend lends you his car. Promise to look after it, cy 1175 4 Present simple for future Schedules, when/as soon as Crew hime Btrorene mmc oor From: Jenny To: Natalie Subject: Buses! Hi Natalie, Catch the Number 32 bus. It leaves at ten, eleven or twelve o'clock. It'll take about fifteen minutes to get to my house unless the traffic delays you. You'll need to get off as soon as you see the hospital. I'll be home by the time you arrive but let yourself in if 'm late. There's a house key under the plant by the front doo! Jenny | | Presentation Present simple for future We can use the present simple to talk about timetables or scheduled events in the future: The bus leaves at ten o'clock. You often use verbs such as arrive, come, finish, go, leave, start with the present simple for future reference. Present tenses in future time clauses You can talk about the future using a sentence with two clauses joined by time conjunctions such as after, as soon as, before, if, when, by the time, unless, until. Main clause time clause — It'll take you about 15 minutes to get to my house unless the traffic delays you. Notice that the verb in the future time claus in the present simple and not the future. You'll need to get off as soon as you see the sign for the park. Till be home by the time you arrive. 118Exercises 1 ©) complete the conversation with the present simple form of the verbs in brackets. Then listen and check. A: Let's go and see Live One More Time. B: That sounds terrible, What about B: Good idea. What time Love Interestingly? " (it start)? A: Err, There’s a showing at eight twenty-five. A: Erm. It* (start) at six B; What time * (it end)? fifty-five. Ifwe* A: It? (finish) two hours later. (catch) the bus from Suffolk Street at twenty-five to Bi Te there’a bustiome? seven, it'll arrive at the cinema in time. B: Butl* (not finish) work until seven. Is there a later showing? A: The bus" (leave) at ten twenty. 's ‘en’t there any other 2 Ae (last) nearly three B: That's too late. Aren't there any other buses? hours so it* (not start) Az Yes, but the next bus again until ten. &. (not leave) until B: Is there anything else we can see? leven twenty, Master of the World” (begin) at seven. B: That's OK. We can get something to eat afterwards. 2 Which lines in this email are correct? Correct the mistakes. Our flight leave Rome at five in the morning leaves so when we land it will be about six thirty vi unless they will delay the flight - they often do! The first airport bus don't leave until seven. It will be seven by the time we'll get through passport control and customs. If we will catch this bus, we'll get to the city centre at half past. What time do you leaves for work? Will you be there when we arrive? eovonsens 3 Combine the two sentences to make one sentence. Use the words in bold in your new sentence. 1 They'll get here soon, Let’s eat then. assoonas Let's eat 4S Soon as they get heve. 2 Everybody will arrive. The meeting will begin. when The meeting will begin 3 The taxi will arrive. We'll be ready. bythe time We'll be ready 4 I'll speak to my parents tonight. Don't mention it to anyone until then. until Don’t mention it to anyone 5 Jean might bring his car. If not, I'll drive us to the movie if T'lldrive us to the movie 11955 Review of units 51 to 54 Grammar 1 120 Match 1-5 to a-e. 1 We're going 2 Were 3. Thebus (I 4° Shall we Oo 6 rill a meet at your house? b meeting Lisa at her house. © meet you at your house. d to move house in a year. € goes past your house. Choose the correct forms. 1 Are they ever going to finish | Are they ever finishing building the new road? 2 You don't need to call me when you land unless the plane is / will be late. 3A: Has Dorothy sent us an email with the directions to her house? B: don't know. I check / Il check my inbox. 4A: This soup is cold. B: Will / Shall I heat it up again for you? 5 You 'lljoin / re going to join the army! When did you make that decision? 6 Let's clean the house before your parents get / are getting home. 7A: Shall we try / Are we trying the new Greek restaurant at the end of the road? B: Good idea. 8 Sandy and Michelle come / are coming on holiday with us. Is that OK? Complete the telephone conversation with the present simple or present continuous, form of the verbs in brackets. A: Hi Frank. It’s Eugenia B: Oh hi Eugenia. How are things? ‘A: Fine. ! you (do) anything this Friday evening? There's a new film at the cinema by that Chinese director we like ~ Zhang Yimou. B: Sorry, but Malcolm and I? (go) tothe mountains this weekend. We (ski) all day on Saturday and Sunday. A: Sounds great! What about the following Monday? B: What time* the film (start)? A: At five thirty. B: That's going to be difficult. te (meet) with my boss until five. It’s about a pay rise so it’s important. The bus from my office to the city centre is at quarter past the hour so if ‘ (take) it, Pil probably be late, A: Don't worry. 1? (come) in my car 80 'll pick you up as soon as you (be) ready to leave. There is one word missing in each sentence. Write it in, 1 Doyou think its going to rain today? 2 let you know as soon as I hear something. 3 [won't come if you want me to, 4 When the visitors arriving? 5 He coming for dinner. He had to cancel because his mother is ill. 6 The film start until half past seven. We've still got time to get there. 7 Myson says he is going make a million dollars before he's thirty!