The GCC Quad-Precision Math Library

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this GNU manual.
 i

Short Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 Typedef and constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Math Library Routines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 I/O Library Routines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
GNU Free Documentation License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4 Reporting Bugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
 iii

Table of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1 Typedef and constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Math Library Routines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3 I/O Library Routines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.1 strtoflt128 — Convert from string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 quadmath_snprintf — Convert to string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

GNU Free Documentation License. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents . . . . . . . . . 18

4 Reporting Bugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Introduction 1

Introduction
This manual documents the usage of libquadmath, the GCC Quad-Precision Math Library
Application Programming Interface (API).
Chapter 1: Typedef and constants 3

1 Typedef and constants

The following data type has been defined via typedef.
__complex128: __float128-based complex number
The following macros are defined, which give the numeric limits of the __float128 data
type.
FLT128_MAX: largest finite number
FLT128_MIN: smallest positive number with full precision
FLT128_EPSILON: difference between 1 and the next larger
representable number
FLT128_DENORM_MIN: smallest positive denormalized number
FLT128_MANT_DIG: number of digits in the mantissa (bit precision)
FLT128_MIN_EXP: maximal negative exponent
FLT128_MAX_EXP: maximal positive exponent
FLT128_DIG: number of decimal digits in the mantissa
FLT128_MIN_10_EXP: maximal negative decimal exponent
FLT128_MAX_10_EXP: maximal positive decimal exponent
The following mathematical constants of type __float128 are defined.
M_Eq: the constant e (Euler’s number)
M_LOG2Eq: binary logarithm of 2
M_LOG10Eq: common, decimal logarithm of 2
M_LN2q: natural logarithm of 2
M_LN10q: natural logarithm of 10
M_PIq: pi
M_PI_2q: pi divided by two
M_PI_4q: pi divided by four
M_1_PIq: one over pi
M_2_PIq: one over two pi
M_2_SQRTPIq: two over square root of pi
M_SQRT2q: square root of 2
M_SQRT1_2q: one over square root of 2
Chapter 2: Math Library Routines 5

2 Math Library Routines

The following mathematical functions are available:

acosq: arc cosine function

acoshq: inverse hyperbolic cosine function
asinq: arc sine function
asinhq: inverse hyperbolic sine function
atanq: arc tangent function
atanhq: inverse hyperbolic tangent function
atan2q: arc tangent function
cbrtq: cube root function
ceilq: ceiling value function
copysignq: copy sign of a number
coshq: hyperbolic cosine function
cosq: cosine function
erfq: error function
erfcq: complementary error function
exp2q: base 2 exponential function
expq: exponential function
expm1q: exponential minus 1 function
6 GCC libquadmath

fabsq: absolute value function

fdimq: positive difference function
finiteq: check finiteness of value
floorq: floor value function
fmaq: fused multiply and add
fmaxq: determine maximum of two values
fminq: determine minimum of two values
fmodq: remainder value function
frexpq: extract mantissa and exponent
hypotq: Eucledian distance function
ilogbq: get exponent of the value
isinfq: check for infinity
isnanq: check for not a number
issignalingq: check for signaling not a number
j0q: Bessel function of the first kind, first order
j1q: Bessel function of the first kind, second order
jnq: Bessel function of the first kind, n-th order
ldexpq: load exponent of the value
lgammaq: logarithmic gamma function
llrintq: round to nearest integer value
llroundq: round to nearest integer value away from zero
logbq: get exponent of the value
logq: natural logarithm function
log10q: base 10 logarithm function
log1pq: compute natural logarithm of the value plus one
log2q: base 2 logarithm function
Chapter 2: Math Library Routines 7

lrintq: round to nearest integer value

lroundq: round to nearest integer value away from zero
modfq: decompose the floating-point number
nanq: return quiet NaN
nearbyintq: round to nearest integer
nextafterq: next representable floating-point number
powq: power function
remainderq: remainder function
remquoq: remainder and part of quotient
rintq: round-to-nearest integral value
roundq: round-to-nearest integral value, return __float128
scalblnq: compute exponent using FLT_RADIX
scalbnq: compute exponent using FLT_RADIX
signbitq: return sign bit
sincosq: calculate sine and cosine simultaneously
sinhq: hyperbolic sine function
sinq: sine function
sqrtq: square root function
tanq: tangent function
tanhq: hyperbolic tangent function
tgammaq: true gamma function
truncq: round to integer, towards zero
y0q: Bessel function of the second kind, first order
y1q: Bessel function of the second kind, second order
ynq: Bessel function of the second kind, n-th order
cabsq complex absolute value function
cargq: calculate the argument
cimagq imaginary part of complex number
crealq: real part of complex number
cacoshq: complex arc hyperbolic cosine function
cacosq: complex arc cosine function
casinhq: complex arc hyperbolic sine function
casinq: complex arc sine function
catanhq: complex arc hyperbolic tangent function
catanq: complex arc tangent function
ccosq complex cosine function:
ccoshq: complex hyperbolic cosine function
cexpq: complex exponential function
cexpiq: computes the exponential function of “i” times a
real value
8 GCC libquadmath

clogq: complex natural logarithm

clog10q: complex base 10 logarithm
conjq: complex conjugate function
cpowq: complex power function
cprojq: project into Riemann Sphere
csinq: complex sine function
csinhq: complex hyperbolic sine function
csqrtq: complex square root
ctanq: complex tangent function
ctanhq: complex hyperbolic tangent function
Chapter 3: I/O Library Routines 9

3 I/O Library Routines

3.1 strtoflt128 — Convert from string

The function strtoflt128 converts a string into a __float128 number.
Syntax __float128 strtoflt128 (const char *s, char **sp)
Arguments:
s input string
sp the address of the next character in the string
The argument sp contains, if not NULL, the address of the next character fol-
lowing the parts of the string, which have been read.
Example
#include <quadmath.h>

int main ()
{
__float128 r;

r = strtoflt128 ("1.2345678", NULL);

return 0;
}

3.2 quadmath_snprintf — Convert to string

The function quadmath_snprintf converts a __float128 floating-point number into a
string. It is a specialized alternative to snprintf, where the format string is restricted
to a single conversion specifier with Q modifier and conversion specifier e, E, f, F, g, G, a or
A, with no extra characters before or after the conversion specifier. The %m$ or *m$ style
must not be used in the format.
Syntax int quadmath_snprintf (char *s, size_t size, const char *format,
...)
Arguments:
s output string
size byte size of the string, including trailing NUL
format conversion specifier string
Note On some targets when supported by the C library hooks are installed for printf
family of functions, so that printf ("%Qe", 1.2Q); etc. works too.
Example
#include <quadmath.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main ()
{
__float128 r;
int prec = 20;
10 GCC libquadmath

int width = 46;

char buf[128];

r = 2.0q;
r = sqrtq (r);
int n = quadmath_snprintf (buf, sizeof buf, "%+-#*.20Qe", width, r);
if ((size_t) n < sizeof buf)
printf ("%s\n", buf);
/* Prints: +1.41421356237309504880e+00 */
quadmath_snprintf (buf, sizeof buf, "%Qa", r);
if ((size_t) n < sizeof buf)
printf ("%s\n", buf);
/* Prints: 0x1.6a09e667f3bcc908b2fb1366ea96p+0 */
n = quadmath_snprintf (NULL, 0, "%+-#46.*Qe", prec, r);
if (n > -1)
{
char *str = malloc (n + 1);
if (str)
{
quadmath_snprintf (str, n + 1, "%+-#46.*Qe", prec, r);
printf ("%s\n", str);
/* Prints: +1.41421356237309504880e+00 */
}
free (str);
}
return 0;
}
GNU Free Documentation License 11

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14 GCC libquadmath

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18 GCC libquadmath

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

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Chapter 4: Reporting Bugs 19

4 Reporting Bugs
Bugs in the GCC Quad-Precision Math Library implementation should be reported via
http://gcc.gnu.org/bugs/.