1

1a Training
Communication
• Reading: Identify topic sentences (Matching: headings)
• Vocabulary: Collocations; Phrasal verbs; Words with more
than one meaning; Communication
• Speaking: Expand answers (Part 1)
• Listening: Locate information (Section 1: Notes completion)
• Language development: Present tenses
• Writing: Write an overview (Task 1)
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PL
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1b Testing

The media 1
• Listening: Section 1: Notes completion; Table completion;
Form completion
• Language development and vocabulary: Past simple;

• Speaking: Part 1: Talk about the news

• Reading: Matching headings; Sentence completion
• Writing: Task 1: Describe a chart

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Lead-in
1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
1 How do you communicate with others?
2 What do you think the saying a picture says a thousand words means? Do you agree with it?
3 How do you think the pictures above were taken?
4 How much do you trust what you see on the internet?
2 Work in pairs. Look at the types of communication below and discuss the questions.
document-sharing sites emoticons sending text messages selfies social media profiles
video-conferencing

1 When do you prefer to use these types of communication? Why?

2 Choose two types of communication and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each.
3 Do you think they will continue to be popular in the future? Why/Why not?

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1a Communication today

Reading (Matching headings)

Before you read c Choose the heading that best matches paragraph
C.
1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Check
the meaning of the words in bold in a dictionary 1 Inaccurate photos caused by advanced timing
if necessary. methods
2 How new cameras avoid mistakes made by earlier
1 What is your favourite image on your smart
devices
phone? Where did you find/take it?
2 Do you think people and things in photographs
appear the same as they do in real life? Why/Why
Test practice
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not? hh
TEST STRATEGIES page 170
3 Do you think photographs are a more reliable
record than descriptions? Why/Why not? 5 Choose the correct headings for paragraphs A
and D–G from the list below. You have two more
2 Look at the passage on page 9 and discuss the
headings than you need.
questions.
1 Where would you expect to see this kind of
List of Headings
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passage?
2 Look at the title. What is the topic of the passage? i When you have to learn more from the
3 Read the introduction. What is the passage about? photographer
What is a photographic artefact? ii Not an exact copy of what we see
PL
iii One material that always creates difficulties
Identify topic sentences iv Web companies that cheat customers
3 a Look at the underlined topic sentence in v Altering images to deceive the viewer
paragraph B of the reading passage and answer vi The closer you get, the more images change
the questions. vii A lack of mystery in today’s images
1 What does a topic sentence do?
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A link back to earlier paragraphs
B explain the main subject of the paragraph Task analysis
2 What two things are compared in this topic 6 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
sentence? 1 Does identifying the topic sentence help with the
A the causes and effects of photographic artefacts
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Matching headings task?
B the human eye and cameras 2 Did either of you do the following:
b There are words in the passage that relate to • read the headings, then look for matching
the topics A–C. Which topic is repeated more in sections in the text?
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paragraph B? • read the text quickly, identify the topic of each
A distance B design C recent changes paragraph, then look for headings that match?

c What is the best heading for paragraph B? Discussion

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1 Digital cameras see better in the distance than old
7 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
cameras
2 Digital cameras and people see distance 1 Do you think that the growth of digital
differently photography has been a good thing?
2 Are people more easily persuaded to believe
4 a Underline the topic sentence in paragraph C. Is it things because of the internet?
the first sentence? What is the main idea of this
paragraph?
b Which topic is repeated in paragraph C?

8 Student’s Resource Book > Reading pages 6–7 MyEnglishLab > 1a Reading
 Module 1
Communication 1a

THAT’S NOT A
GHOST IN YOUR
PICTURE, IT’S
JUST THE WAY
YOUR DIGITAL
CAMERA WORKS.
SA

A There has been a clear relationship between technological

development over the years and a fascination with ‘ghost’
photography. Images of unexplained circles of light, ghostly
mists and human-shaped images fill social media pages on
the internet. The explanation is simple: few people realise
how digital cameras work. The fact that an image only
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‘appeared’ in the photo, but not real life, is not a sign of its
ghostly origins. In fact, it is a perfectly normal part of digital
photography. Scientists call them ‘photographic artefacts’,
because they show things that only exist because it is a
PL
photograph. Put simply, contrary to popular belief, things in E Most digital cameras come with a good zoom function,
photos look different from real life. letting us take photos from far away. However, at some
B The biggest cause of photographic artefacts is the contrast point, digital cameras can no longer produce clear images
between how the ‘depth of field’ works in modern cameras anymore. As you go nearer, instead of seeing the image as
and in the human eye. This is because, although it is now a continuous picture, the digital image becomes pixelated,
possible to take excellent pictures of things far away, the which means it appears as a group of coloured rectangles.
quality of photos of objects that are very near is less accurate. What you see in print is very different from the object in real
E
Light causes these misrepresentations. The level of light life, and the purest example of an artefact of the pixellation
never changes when humans stare at objects. However, this process. As humans, we specialise in recognising faces or
is not what happens with digital cameras. When a camera familiar things in random patterns, and may start to imagine
points at a light, the light becomes stronger and stronger. things that were not there. In one case, an image with the
Orbs, which are perfect circles of light, are the most common physical appearance of a ghostly face in a red top appeared
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photographic artefact and they are often the result of light in a photo. Zoom out, and it looks more like a doll. Zoom
reflecting off water or insects in the air near the camera. out further, where the camera can cope with the amount of
C It is easy to see why humans see differently from digital information it receives, and you can see it’s actually a rope
holding up a flag.
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cameras. However, digital cameras are also significantly
different from the old film cameras. In many ways, digital F A final group of photos have started appearing on the
cameras give less reliable results. For example, modern internet. Fakes, images created by computer, are not as
functions allow digital cameras to scan the image more than common on internet sites as you’d imagine, even though it’s
IT
once over a period of less than a second, or to automatically possible to produce believable images with photo-editing
select how long the lens is open. Generally this produces better software. Many smartphones contain apps which make it very
photos, but if the camera moves during the photo, it may easy to produce versions of photos with human forms added.
record multiple images, creating the appearance of ghostly Most of these are easy to spot.
forms. Ghostly mists often appear when the camera picks up G In considering photographic artefacts, it is necessary to also
the photographer’s own breath on a cold night when the lens consider the story. In many cases, the ghostly nature depends
is open for longer. This never happened with film cameras. entirely on the fact that the photographer’s claim ‘that
D Filming under certain conditions will often produce unusual wasn’t there when I took the photo’. Often the unexpected
light effects in digital prints. For instance, glass often makes appearance of an orb or mist in a photo leads the owner to
objects such as a light source behind the photographer appear make enquiries, and once they start to share information
in the printed photo. If the glass is clean, it may not be obvious with people who believe the place or area to be haunted, they
that there was a window and all you see is an object that ‘wasn’t become aware of the possibility that the story could be true.
there when I took the photo’. A famous UFO photograph Such photos end up relying on witness statements to support
showed two clear bright saucer-shaped objects flying across the claims, which are often unreliable. One thing is sure:
a blue sky. Although very believable, it was, in fact, just a ghostly images will continue to appear until smart phone
reflection of some streetlights behind the photographer. technology moves on.

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1a Module 1
Communication

c Write the phrasal verbs in your vocabulary

Vocabulary notebook. Then compare how you recorded the
words with another student. Is it helpful?
Collocations
Words with more than one meaning
1 a Match words from A with words from B to form
collocations. 3 a Look at the pairs of sentences. Match the word in
italics in A and B with the correct meaning below.
A
1 A That knife has a dangerous point.
become clear physical share social technological B I don’t see the point of sharing photos.
idea or opinions.
B sharp end
appearance aware development information media 2 A The scientist gave an account of his work.
relationship B My wages are paid into my account.
where you keep your money in a bank
SA
b Use the collocations to complete the sentences.
a written or spoken description
Check any unknown words in a dictionary. 3 A She’s an expert in the area of mechanical
engineering.
1 It’s often acceptable to make decisions based on B The police closed off the area.
people’s  . a subject or group of activities
2 rarely contain honest representations of a part of the country or city
friends’ lives. 4 A The man argued that the internet was unsafe.
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3 People usually of international events B I heard my neighbours argue outside.
through online news feeds. disagree in an angry way
4 There is a between online stories and give clear reasons for something
general public opinion.
PL
5 Now that researchers on the web, there b Decide which sentence in each pair is more likely
are more scientific advances. to be found in academic texts.
6   is not always a good thing.
Communication
c Work in pairs. Can you think of any examples to
support the ideas in sentences 1–6? 4 Complete the article with the noun form of the
words in brackets. Sometimes a plural form is
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Phrasal verbs needed.
2 a Match the beginnings of the sentences (1–8) with
the endings (A–H).
Teentalk
1 It can be hard for me to get
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Talk about teenagers, and the 1 conversation  
2 It’s not helpful to bring
(converse) often turns to the problems that
3 I like it when people point teenagers face. Older people might argue that
4 I would sum 2 (communicate) is difficult because young
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5 When I write, I often leave people and adults do not share the same values.
6 I’m better at picking But a study has shown that there is still general
7 Online videos can help to spell 3 (agree) among both generations on the
8 If friends get into an argument, I back big questions in life. Over 80 percent of adults and
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A out my errors to me. teens said honesty and telling the truth were most
important. Interestingly, teenagers might want to
B up on other people’s mistakes than my own.
develop better 4 (understand) of each
C up my experience of IELTS very positively!
other. Over half the teens said that they thought
D out how to do practical things.
their friends valued 5 (popular) more than
E up old fears or worries.
honesty. Changes in 6 (technical) have not
F them up every time.
made much 7 (differ) to the way young
G out articles and prepositions.
people relate to other people. Over 72 percent said
H across my ideas in English. that they had talked to their parents about the really
b Match the phrasal verbs in bold with the difficult subjects, like alcohol, dating and drugs. And
meanings below. when it came to these difficult 8 (discuss),
over half said that they trusted their parents’
bring attention to explain explain very clearly mention 9 (decide) more than anyone else’s.
not mention notice summarise support

10 Student’s Resource Book > Vocabulary page 8 MyEnglishLab > 1a Vocabulary

 Module 1
Communication 1a
2 a 1.1 Listen to the students answering the
Speaking (Part 1) questions in Exercise 1a. Match the students
(A–F) with the questions (1–6).
A B C D E F    
b Look at the phrases the speakers used to expand
their answers. Match the phrases in italics (1–6)
with the purposes (A–F).
1 The benefit of being with family is …
2 … the downside of being away is …
3 Take schoolwork, for instance, …
4 I’m sure that everyone enjoys spending time …
5 That’s because different people …
6 Most of the time we just like hanging out ...
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A Giving examples
B Giving reasons
C Stating advantages
D Stating disadvantages
E Expressing a habit
F Stating certainty
c Work with a different partner. Take turns to ask
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two questions from Exercise 1a. Use at least two
of the phrases in Exercise 2b each time.

Test practice
PL

hh
TEST STRATEGIES page 172
hh
EXPERT SPEAKING page 185

3 Work in pairs. Practise giving opinions on the

test tasks below. Remember to expand your
E
answers.
Expand answers
1 a Work in pairs. Take turns to answer the
questions. Try to talk for more than 20 seconds.
Communicating with people
Use the phrases below to help you introduce • What do you use your mobile phone for the
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your opinions. most: texting, phone calls etc.? [Why?]
• Do you think there are some situations when it
I find that … I tend to think that …
is better to write than talk? [Why?]
On the whole, I think … Well, it’s hard to say, but …
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• Do you sometimes go a long time without
1 Do you like spending time with friends? Why? contacting people? [Why?]
2 What activities do you and your friends like to do • How have forms of communication changed in
together? your lifetime?
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3 Who do you prefer to talk to about problems:
friends or family?
4 What do you think are the qualities of a good Task analysis
friend?
5 Is it hard to spend time with friends these days? 4 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
6 How is spending time with your friends different 1 Did you introduce your opinions with a range of
from spending time with your family? expressions?
2 Did you use any of the phrases in Exercise 2b to
b Work in pairs and discuss the questions. expand your answers?
1 When answering the questions, are you able to
speak for more than twenty seconds each time?
2 How do you think you could expand your answers
more?
3 How did the prompts help you?

MyEnglishLab > 1a Speaking 11

1a Module 1
Communication

Listening (Section 1)
SA

Before you listen b 1.4 Now listen and complete the test task.
1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
Questions 1–10
1 How often do you use your mobile phone?
2 Why did you choose your mobile phone? Complete the notes below
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3 How do you pay for your mobile phone calls? Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A
NUMBER for each answer.
Locate information
Student mobile plan
2 a
PL
1.2 You are going to hear part of a
conversation between a mobile phone company Comes with a free ‘Sun 1 ’ phone
sales representative and a customer. What do Minimum contract 2 months
they discuss? 600 minutes included
1 a new mobile phone No limits on the number of 3
2 a new mobile service contract Costs: £25 per month
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b 1.2 Listen again and complete the sentence.
You will hear two words that could fit the gap: Call-only plan
mobile and home broadband. Pay 4 when you start the plan
The customer wants the contract only. Includes: 5 minutes for calls
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c Look at the audio script 1.2 on page 202. How Name: David 6
did you know home broadband was the wrong Email: 7 @studentuni.ac.uk
answer for Exercise 2b? Main use: Keeping 8
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d 1.3 Read the sentence and listen to the next Pay by 9 at first
part of the recording. What signal words (words Need to collect from 10
which signal when an answer is coming) do you
hear? What is the answer? Check in the audio
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script 1.3 on page 202.
Task analysis
Student mobile plan 4 Work in pairs. Look at audio script 1.4 on page
202 and discuss the questions.
Comes with a free ‘Sun 1 ’ phone
1 Which signal words show you an answer is about
to come? Did you hear them all?
2 If you got some answers wrong, can you see why?
Test practice
hh
TEST STRATEGIES page 168 Discussion
5 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
3 a Read questions 2–10 in the test task and answer
the questions. 1 Do you have a favourite make of mobile phone?
Why/Why not?
1 What kind of information will you need (how 2 Do you think you will use your phone more in
much, what, how many, etc.)? future? Why/Why not?
2 What signal words do you need to listen for?

12 MyEnglishLab > 1a Listening

 Module 1
Communication 1a
b Choose the correct options in italics to complete
Language development the article.
4 a Read the essay below. What essay questions
Present tenses does the paragraph answer?
hh
EXPERT GRAMMAR page 173 1 Mobile phones have benefitted society. Discuss.
2 To what extent have mobile phones changed the
1 a Choose the correct option in italics to complete way people shop?
the sentences.
1 I look / am looking for a new phone plan. These days, times 1 are changing (change) fast, and
2 What is that including / does that include?
3 We offer / are offering it at that price for a short more and more people 2 (use) the internet for
period. daily tasks. The majority of people in my country
4 How much data are you wanting / do you want? never 3 (visit) the travel agent’s to book a
5 Are you using / Do you use your phone for games
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holiday. They 4 (use) their smart phones to
regularly?
6 All you are needing / need to do is sign here. check things like cinema times. Nobody
b Which of the verbs in are not normally used in
5 (print) their photos anymore, people
the continuous form? 6 (not phone) to book tickets to a sporting
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form event or the theatre. We 7 (turn) to
of the verbs in brackets so that they are true for technology more and more.
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you.
But this 8 (not come) without problems. Many
1 I ‘m studying (study) for my IELTS exam at the moment.
2 I (work) right now. people 9 (rate) ‘losing their phone’ as their
3 I usually (work as/study).            biggest fear, and currently, governments
PL
4 The thing that I (enjoy) the most about my 10 (not do) enough to keep us safe online.
course/job is .
5 The people I (work/study) with are .
6 In my free time, I usually . b Complete the essay with the correct form of the
3 a Read the article. What do you think a mood is? words in brackets.
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c Work in pairs and discuss the question. Do
you think that mobile phones have benefitted
society? Why/Why not?
The study of online moods 1 is / are a large field of
5 a Look at the Part 1 speaking questions (1–4).
research. Every time you type a word, little signs of
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Underline the tenses in the questions. What
your mood 2 shows / show themselves. For example,
tense are they?
type a lot of mistakes late at night, and the computer
rightly or wrongly 3 thinks / think you 4 is / are tired 1 Are you working or studying at the moment?
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and less concerned about details, so you may be in 2 What do you like best about your course?
the mood to spend some money! Anything you have 3 Is there anything you DISLIKE about your course?
recently viewed online 5 appears / appear on your 4 What are you planning to do when you finish
screen in adverts, knowing this is the moment you’ll your course?
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probably weaken. Changes in your status from ‘single’ b Choose the correct option in italics to complete
to ‘dating’ 6 send / sends the kind of information the responses.
restaurant and clothing companies love to hear, 1 I study / ’m studying English at the moment.
while clicking ‘upset stomach’ late into the night 2 I want / ’m wanting to take the IELTS exam soon.
7 produces / produce a very different set of 3 I really like / ’m really liking studying with people
adverts on your screen. But moods also tell social from other countries.
researchers a lot about public opinion and 8 predicts / 4 I don’t like / ’m not liking the amount of vocabulary
predict how we might act in future. One recent study that we need / are needing to learn.
of 200 different moods 9 shows / show that bad 5 I plan / ’m planning to apply to university in
moods online appear more often than good moods. Australia.
It could just be that when people 10 is / are feeling
down, they need to talk to others more. Healthcare c Work in pairs. Take turns to answer the
services and the government 11 hopes / hope questions in Exercise 5a.
information like this may help them make better
decisions.

Student’s Resource Book > Language Development page 9 MyEnglishLab > 1a Language development 13
1a Module 1
Communication

Writing (Task 1)

Write an overview c What does the introductory sentence do?

hh
EXPERT WRITING page 192 1 gives examples of trends
2 introduces the main topic of the chart
1 a Match the introductory sentences (1–3) with the 3 gives a summary of the results
charts (A–C) below. d How is an overview sentence different from an
1 The chart illustrates mobile phone use among introductory sentence?
different age groups in the UK in 2015. 1 It talks about the questions that the researchers
2 The line graph gives an overview of spending on hoped to answer.
mobile phones and landlines in the USA over a 2 It talks about the results that researchers reported.
ten-year period from 2000 to 2010.
3 The graph shows which services people used on Test practice
SA
their smart phones over a four-year period.
hh
TEST STRATEGIES page 171
A
2 a Look at the chart below. Which graph shape in
Exercise 1 is most similar to the reasons why
people ‘friend’ others on social media sites? Is
mobile
the shape the same for reasons to ‘unfriend’?
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landline
b Write an introductory sentence and an overview
sentence for the chart below.
PL
The chart below shows the main reasons why
B people choose to make or break friendship
connections on a popular social media site.
Under 25 Summarise the information by selecting
and reporting the main features, and make
26–35
comparisons where relevant.
E
46–55
Over 56 Write at least 150 words.

90
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Percentage Percentage
C 80 who friend who unfriend

70
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internet
60
phone calls
50
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40

30
b Match the overviews that explain trends (1–3)
20
with the charts (A–C).
1 We can see from the chart that under-25s spent 10
more time on mobiles than any other age group.
2 The line graph shows that considerably more 0
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study, mobile phone expenditure became higher

from 2006 onwards.

14 Student’s Resource Book > Writing page 10