“ THE STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF STUDENT

CONGESTION IN LEARNERS’ STUDY HABIT AND

PERFORMANCE IN CLASS.”

A Research Proposed by:

BAUTISTA, Mary Margaret M.

DALISAY, Sandra Nicole D.
DOMINGO, Cedrick Gabriel
KEITH, Kayecee Gwyneth
RIVERA, Isabela D.
X- Lipnayan

ABSTRACT
 Student congestion is one of the hindrances in achieving quality
education in most public schools. Overcrowding yields negative effects for
both learners and educators. The researchers conducted this study to
determine the effects of student congestion in learners’ study habit and class
performance specifically in Balayan National High School and point out
possible solutions for the problem. Student congestion leads to lower
proficiency level for students, lack of facilities and learning materials, and
causes burnout to the teachers. The goal of the study is to answer the
Statement of the Problem wherein the researchers are to discuss the
advantages and disadvantages of student congestion for both teachers and
students, identify how student congestion affects students in terms of their
study habit and performance in class, determine how the problem affects
average and below average students, and distinguish possible solutions for
the problem. The researchers used personal assessment as part of their
research design which includes questionnaires and an interview for 10
selected students specifically from Grade 10- Acacia S.Y 2019-2020. The
results from the tests were evaluated and analyzed by the researchers. From
the supported data, almost half or 50% or less of the student respondents are
affected by student congestion in terms of their study habit and performance
in class. Almost half of the students study only if it is necessary and
participate in class only if the lesson is interesting. Curbing the problem of
student overcrowding requires the support from the government paving the
way for building new learning facilities and extend congested schools,
another way is to conduct seminars for the teachers to enhance their
teaching strategies thus, leading to effective teaching that will help the
learners to fully understand every lesson making students more proficient.

CHAPTER I
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Introduction

Student congestion is a big factor affecting quality education within

public schools in terms of the learning potential of students. Balayan
National High School is one of the schools affected by overcrowding of
students given that the school offers technical assistance and basic
education for the learners. Based on the statistical records of the school,
over 4,300 students in all grade levels are congested in a classroom with
approximately 50-70 individuals per class as for school year 2019-2020.
This greatly affects the students’ academic behavior specifically their
study habit and their performance in class given the fact that as the
population increases in a classroom, the proficiency of learners becomes
lesser. Achieving the school’s goal to attain students’ intellectual ability
requires proper guidance from the teachers assuring that every student is
well informed and properly educated.
Overcoming the negative effects of student congestion is significant
because it will help students to mend their study habit and improve their
performance in class so that they may gain more knowledge that can
improve their skills and ability and to shape their minds to be better
learners in the future. This study aims to identify the effects of student
congestion in learners’ academic performance and point out possible
resolutions for the problem.

Statement of the Problem

This research entitled “The study on the effects of student congestion in
learners’ study habit and performance in class” was designed to tackle the
following questions:
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of student congestion for
both teachers and students?
2. How does student congestion of students in a classroom affect their
study habit?
3. How does student congestion of students in a classroom affect their
performance in class?
4. How can student congestion affect average and below average learners
in terms of their learning potential?
5. What are the possible solutions to ease effects of student congestion?

Significance of the Study

This study aims to determine how student congestion affects the
academic performance of students in terms of their study habit and class
performance. This study will be beneficial to the following:
To Administrators. This study will help the administrators to
evaluate the effects of student congestion to the study habit and class
performance of students to formulate possible solutions for the
problem.
To Teachers. This study will serve as basis to improve their
teaching strategies and help students improve their performance in
class.
To Learners. This study will help students to be mindful of the effects
of student congestion that can affect their performance and study
habit so the students will be encouraged to strive more for their
studies.
To the Future Researchers. This study will serve as their basis and
source for their research and to improve this study.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will not tackle any areas affected by student congestion
other than focusing on its effects in the academic behavior of students in
terms of their study habit and performance in class. The researchers are
also to identify the outcomes of overcrowding to the educators. Methods
to be taken shall be conducted within Grade 10- Acacia only with a class
population of 57. The researchers will conduct a survey and an interview
for 10 selected students to distinguish the effects of student congestion in
the students’ class performance and study habit and for the analysis of
data. This study will be conducted from February to March 2020. Findings
of this research can benefit future researches that are related to student
congestion.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Foreign Study
According to Ajayi,A., et. al (2017) education is important to the society
because technological advancement is dependent to it. Other than that, it
develops students as well as teachers in terms of their abilities, attitudes,
skills, and potential. It was indicated that there are factors affecting the
effectiveness of education having student congestion as the primary reason.
The expected ratio of teacher and students in a classroom is 1:25, in spite of
this, public schools went beyond the limit having 1:50- 1:70 ratio per class, it
is very visible that schools under the government are experiencing student
congestion. This is a big factor affecting the standards of most public schools
around the globe that cause problem to the child’s environment, health and
any other aspects to arise. It is also the subject for the insufficiency of
facilities and other materials. With this the power of education becomes
neglected. It was also proved that there is a relationship between
overcrowding and the academic performance of the students.

Local Study
According to Jones (2017) The Department of Education prescribed that
the maximum number of students in a public school classroom should be at
45. As for other public schools, there are 50-70 students congested in a
classroom. Overcrowding affects not only the learners but as well as the
teachers’ chance to attain innovative teaching methods. On top of this,
student congestion explains why teachers suffer from burnout. For the past
years, the government has been working to address the problem of
overcrowding within public schools. Improving the learning environment of
students is the goal of the government in order to attain quality education in
the long run assuring the the educational sector is equipped with effective
policies and financial resources.

Synthesis
The school is the powerhouse of education where learners are trained
and molded expecting that they will one day become great contributors for
the benefit of the society , with this, education maid its way for the
establishment of school mandatory. In relation to this, nations are dedicated
to achieve quality education assuring that every learner is well educated.
Student congestion puts the students’ welfare at stake, it also affects the
academic performance and concentration of students during class and it also
causes the teachers to struggle from burnout. It is considered to be a big
challenge for the educators to formulate progressive teaching strategies
however state governments are doing their job to determine the most
effective way of escaping from the adverse effects of overcrowding.
Generally, student congestion affects the academic performance of students.

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES
 This chapter tackles information about the research methodology and the
procedures to be managed by the researchers that will be used for the
analysis and evaluation of data.

Research Design
For research purposes, personal assessment was used. On top of this,
questionnaires were distributed to the respondents which were taken out from
Grade 10-Acacia S.Y 2019-2020 for the purpose of answering the given
questions related to the effects of student congestion and the supported data
underwent analysis. To further test the respondents, interview was conducted
to identify their thoughts and opinions from the given problem, questions
asked in the interview were related to the questionnaires but additional
questions were asked as well during the interview proper.

Subjects of the Study

This study designed to point out impacts of student congestion in
learners’ performance in class and study habit was conducted in Grade 10-
Acacia. Respondents of the study was limited to 10 chosen students only.
The selection was be based from reviewing performances of learners which
can be honor students, average or below average students to answer the
questionnaires and 2 selected students from the respondents underwent
interview.

Research Locale
This study was carried out inside the school premises specifically in
Grade 10- Acacia. Researchers designed room based procedures which
include answering questionnaires and interview that was conducted inside a
room.

Research Instruments
 The researchers provided enough information for the evaluation and
analysis of data through directing the questionnaires and conducting the
interview to the chosen respondents from Grade 10-Acacia S.Y 2019-2020.
Other information can be taken from related studies and literature as well.

Data Analysis
The collected data provided from the procedures was then analyzed and
evaluated by the researchers and was reviewed to determine the effects of
student congestion upon learners’ performance in class as well as their study
habit in Grade 10-Acacia S.Y 2019-2020.

CHAPTER IV
 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND ITERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter tackles the data collected by the researchers through
various tests such as questionnaires and an interview. Data given were
interpreted and analyzed.

INTERVIEW
The researchers conducted an interview for the two selected students
from the respondents. Questions tackled in the interview were derived from
the test questionnaires which aim to answer the questions indicated in the
Statement of the Problem.

Based on a statement said by Clive Mark O. Ochoa, a student form

Grade 10-Acacia, student congestion affects students’ concentration during
class given that noise is always present around, congestion is a major factor
affecting the students’ ability to understand because the population is bigger
than the usual. Congestion increases the possibility of cheating given that
other students cannot understand the lessons yet wanting to get higher
grades. However, the teaching strategies of the teachers are effective
because the educators find a way to handle the population by having group
activities and assigning group leaders. On the bright side, having many
classmates allow students to socialize with other people.

According to Glaiza R. Ali-Ali, a student from the same section, even their
class size is huge, the learning environment is still good given that the fun is
always present in learn along with other people and exchange ideas with the
rest of the students, reason why active participation during class is attained.
The teachers are convincing when it comes to their teaching strategies
through the help of visual aids and activities. Moreover, the conflicts in this
issue cannot be resolved easily therefore the students will have to bear with
it.
Table 1.
How often do you study?
CHOICES TO CONSIDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
1-2 hours a day 2 20%
Thrice a week 1 10%
Only if necessary 7 70%
Others 0 0%
TOTAL 10 100%
Table 1 shows that 70% of the respondent study only if it is necessary
and 20% study 1-2 hours a day while 10% study only thrice a week.

Table 2.
What can you say about your learning environment?
CHOICES TO CONSIDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
I’m much satisfied with my learning 3 30%
environment
I can understand the lessons even the 7 70%
environment is distracting
I cannot fully understand our lessons 0 0%
because I’m not comfortable with my
learning environment due to noise and
distractions
Others 0 0%
TOTAL 10 100%
Table 2 shows that 70% of the respondents can understand their lessons
given that there are a lot of distractions, 30% are much satisfied with their
learning environment while no one expressed inability of understanding the
lessons.
Table 3.
Do you often participate during class? Why?
CHOICES TO CONSIDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Yes because I always find the lessons 5 50%
interesting
No because I cannot relate to the 0 0%
lessons
Sometimes, only if the lesson interests 5 50%
me
Others 0 0%
TOTAL 10 100%
Table 3 shows that half of the respondents are always participating and
interested during class and the other half are only participating when the
lesson interesting and 0% is not interested at all

Table 4.
Are you provided with all the necessary learning materials (books and other
learning equipment?
CHOICES TO CONSIDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Yes, I have every learning tool I need 2 20%
for basis and sources
I have most of them but not all 8 80%
I don’t have any of them 0 0%
Others 0 0%
TOTAL 10 100%
Table 4 shows that 80% of the respondents are provided with enough
learning materials but not all of it, 20% have all the learning tool needed and
0% is experiencing lack of educational material.
Table 5.
What are the effects of student congestion to your:
 Comprehension (ability to understand)?
CHOICES TO CONSIDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
I can understand all the lessons being 5 50%
fed to us
I can understand them only if the 4 40%
teacher approach me
I cannot understand anything 0 0%
Others 1 10%
TOTAL 10 100%
Table 5 shows that 50% of the respondents can understand all the
lessons being tackled, 40% can comprehend only if the teacher provides
enough attention. 10% responded with other answer.

Table 5.1
 Study habit?
CHOICES TO CONSIDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
I always find a way to study 1 10%
I study sometimes only if it is necessary 9 90%
I don’t study at all 0 0%
Others 0 0%
TOTAL 10 100%
Table 5.1 shows that 90% of the respondents study only if it is necessary,
10% of the students always find a way to study and none of the respondents
do not study at all
Table 5.2
 Social Skills
CHOICES TO CONSIDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
I enjoy the company of everyone be it 9 90%
with my classmates or teachers
I sometimes talk and interact with my 1 10%
classmates and teachers
I don’t socialize with the people around 0 0%
me
Others 0 0%
TOTAL 10 100%
Table 5.2 shows that 90% of the respondents are enjoying their
relationship with their teachers and classmates, 10% socialize sometimes
and none of the students don’t socialize at all.

Table 6.
What do you think are the possible solutions to curb or cope student
congestion?
CHOICES TO CONSIDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Government should fund more buildings 5 50%
for congested schools
Put a class limit in a classroom 1 10%
Enhance the educator’s teaching 4 40%
strategy
Others 0 0%
TOTAL 10 100%
Table 6 shows that 50% of the respondents are in favor of funding more
buildings for overcrowded schools, 40% agreed to enhancing the educator’s
teaching strategies and only 10% agreed to limiting the class size in a
classroom.
Table 7.
Are you satisfied with the teaching strategies of your teachers?
CHOICES TO CONSIDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Yes they provide us with the necessary 9 90%
information and they have good
teaching strategies to catch our
attention
I am satisfied although the teachers 1 10%
seen to get burnout or they express loss
of interest while teaching
I am not satisfied because the teachers 0 0%
do not focus on each student
Others 0 0%
TOTAL 10 100%
Table 7 shows that 90% of the respondents are provided with the the all
the learning needed and the teachers have keen teaching strategies, 10% of
the students are satisfied but the teachers seem to get less passionate of
their work and none of the respondents are not even satisfied of their
teachers.

For the last question, the respondents were asked to rate their learning
experience and satisfaction from 1-10. One being the lowest and 10 being the
highest. From the given data, 60% of the respondents answered 9, 30%
answered 8, and only 10% of the population are very much pleased with their
learning and their experiences in class and answered 10.
 CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter includes the findings and conclusions from the provided
data and indicates all the researcher’s recommendation.

FINDINGS
From the supported and analyzed data, the following are the findings:

Some of the student respondents cannot give full attention to their

lessons and are always bothered because of all the distractions present
around their surroundings. The students admitted that it is difficult to
understand the lessons because the teachers cannot approach the whole
class. However, the students still find it amusing to learn along with many
people because of the chance to gather numerous ideas and exchange
thoughts with each other. In addition to this, students can utilize their social
skills and interact with their teachers and classmates as well. The
respondents were also convinced with the teaching strategies of their
educators through the use of visual aids and activities although few of the
respondents said that their teachers seem to get burnout sometimes yet the
students are still satisfied with their teaching techniques.

1. Seven or 70% of the respondents study only if it is needed

2. Seven or 70% of the students can understand the lessons even the
environment is distracting
3. Five or 50% of the respondents always find the lesson interesting while the
other 5 or 50% participate only if the lesson is interesting
4. Eight or 80% of the students have most of their learning materials such as
books but not all of it
5. Five or 50% of the respondents can fully understand all the lessons being
fed by their teachers
6. Nine or 90% of the students enjoy the bond and connection with the whole
class including their teachers
7. Five or 50% of the respondents agreed that the government should provide
more funds to extend congested schools
8. Nine or 90% of the students said that their teachers are effectively teaching
9. Six or 60% of the respondents rated 9 on their learning experience and
satisfaction at school.

CONCLUSION
1.1 The disadvantages of student congestion to the learners and teachers
are:
A. Most of the students find their learning environment distracting
B. Teachers, tend to become less passionate because they cannot
handle the student population.
C. Students cannot be fully provided with all the learning materials
1.2 The advantages of student congestion to the teachers and students are:
A. Students can gather and exchange many ideas with their classmates
B. Students and teachers create good bond and relationship with each
other
C. Congestion of students make way for the teachers to improve their
teaching strategies to catch all of the learner’s attention

2. Loss of interest with the lessons is one of the effects of student congestion
to the learners, the study habit of the students becomes seldom and only if it
is necessary.

3. Half of the students participate in class only if the lesson is interesting

reason why the students cannot fully understand all the lessons being taught
by their educators

4. Average and below average learners are affected by finding it difficult to

understand and concentrate with the lessons that may result cheating issues
to arise.

5. Student congestion can be resolved through the government’s support to

fund more buildings and facilities to extend congested schools thus
enhancing teaching strategies of the educators.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the researchers
recommend to:

1. Set an appropriate class size for each classroom without exceeding its
maximum number.
2. Government should allot more funds for the educational sector to provide
more buildings in congested public schools and learning materials as well.
3. The educators must be more effective through enhancing teaching
strategies and giving proper attention to the students specially to the average
and below average learners.
4. The students must have the initiative to learn and approach their teachers
to deeply understand the lessons.
5. School administrators should conduct seminars for teachers to assess,
evaluate and put temporary action to the negative effects of student
congestion.
6. The researchers suggest for the future studies to seek more tests to
determine other effects of student congestion to improve this study.