The document summarizes an experiment on soil sampling, labeling, and storage. It discusses the importance of properly collecting, identifying, and preserving soil samples for soil testing. The document also describes different types of soils, including disturbed and undisturbed soils, and how they are classified. Finally, it discusses soil horizons and the various layers - O, A, E, B, and C - that make up a soil profile based on properties like roots, color, structures, and rock fragments. Proper understanding of soil profiles is important for foundation design and avoiding issues during construction.
The document summarizes an experiment on soil sampling, labeling, and storage. It discusses the importance of properly collecting, identifying, and preserving soil samples for soil testing. The document also describes different types of soils, including disturbed and undisturbed soils, and how they are classified. Finally, it discusses soil horizons and the various layers - O, A, E, B, and C - that make up a soil profile based on properties like roots, color, structures, and rock fragments. Proper understanding of soil profiles is important for foundation design and avoiding issues during construction.
The document summarizes an experiment on soil sampling, labeling, and storage. It discusses the importance of properly collecting, identifying, and preserving soil samples for soil testing. The document also describes different types of soils, including disturbed and undisturbed soils, and how they are classified. Finally, it discusses soil horizons and the various layers - O, A, E, B, and C - that make up a soil profile based on properties like roots, color, structures, and rock fragments. Proper understanding of soil profiles is important for foundation design and avoiding issues during construction.
The document summarizes an experiment on soil sampling, labeling, and storage. It discusses the importance of properly collecting, identifying, and preserving soil samples for soil testing. The document also describes different types of soils, including disturbed and undisturbed soils, and how they are classified. Finally, it discusses soil horizons and the various layers - O, A, E, B, and C - that make up a soil profile based on properties like roots, color, structures, and rock fragments. Proper understanding of soil profiles is important for foundation design and avoiding issues during construction.
Objective 1. To develop correctly in describing soil samples. 2. To apply necessary techniques in differentiating different types of soil based on its physical characteristics. 3. To understand the significance of soil sampling, labeling and storage for soil testing.
Introduction
Soil is made of mineral matter, air, water and organic material. It has two types: Disturb soil and undisturbed soil.
Disturbed soil is a natural structure of soil which index of properties can be determined by the grain size, plasticity characteristic of specif gravity.
Undisturbed soil in which the natural structure and properties remain preserved and the water content are retained. These samples are use to determined the shear strength, compressibility, shrinkage limit and permeability.
Proper soil sampling, labelling, and storage plays crucial role to consider before testing of the soil. Procedure and techniques from getting the samples with respect to the elevation (height), the location and date performed and the container to be use are also important.
Identifying soil properties through prhysical and chemical analysis gives a view about the behaviour of the soil and guidance to manage a possible problems.
V. Relevant Standard (Applicable 2 and 3)
AASHTO M 145 : Standard Specification for Classification of Soils and Soil–Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes.
ASTM D2488 – Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
The ASTM version of the Unified Soil Classification System is ASTM D2487-17: Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System). This classification system is based on particle-size characteristics, liquid limit, and plasticity index
ASTM D1586 standard penetration tests (SPT) utilize a divided sampling tube (split-spoon) driven by a 140lb dropping weight to collect a representative soil sample and measure the penetration resistance of the soil. Split-spoon samples are considered disturbed but can be intact enough to provide compressive strength or shear strength estimates. The SPT, or “N” blow count values estimate relative bearing strengths for structural foundation designs.
Conclusion:
Geotechnical engineering is an important field which determines the characteristics
properties of soil. Correct soil sampling, labeling and storage of soil testing are critical part of soil testing because it shows the physical conditions of the soil. The analysis of the soil testing also the moisture content, dry density etc.
Experiment 3
II. Discussion VI. Soil Horizon
Soil horizon
The horizon runs roughly parallel to the soil surface and has different properties and characteristics than the adjacent layers above and below. The soil profile is a vertical section of the soil that depicts all of its horizons. The soil profile extends from the soil surface to the parent rock material.
The regolith includes all of the weathered material within the profile. The regolith has two components: the solum and the saprolite. The solum includes the upper horizons with the most weathered portion of the profile. The saprolite is the least weathered portion that lies directly above the solid, consolidated bedrock but beneath the regolith.
Classifications:
Horizons based on roots, color, structures, and rock fragments
O: The O horizon is a surface horizon that is comprised of organic material at various
stages of decomposition. It is most prominent in forested areas where there is the accumulation of debris fallen from trees.
A: The A horizon is a surface horizon that largely consists of minerals (sand, silt, and clay) and with appreciable amounts of organic matter. This horizon is predominantly the surface layer of many soils in grasslands and agricultural lands.
E: The E horizon is a subsurface horizon that has been heavily leached. Leaching is the process in which soluble nutrients are lost from the soil due to precipitation or irrigation. The horizon is typically light in color. It is generally found beneath the O horizon.
B: The B horizon is a subsurface horizon that has accumulated from the layer(s) above. It is a site of deposition of certain minerals that have leached from the layer(s) above.
C: The C horizon is a subsurface horizon. It is the least weathered horizon. Also known as the saprolite, it is unconsolidated, loose parent material. References: https://www.globalgilson.com/blog/soil-sampling-and-visual-classification https://www.slideshare.net/Saadfarooqi/soil-profile-54182486
VII. Conclusion
Each soil profile (samples we took in every height of depth) is different because it determine the role of the soil. It also separate each sample of soil from other samples based on its physical properties (colour, texture, structure, and thickness), and chemical composition (moisture content and density). As for our field, awareness of the soil profile is a vital procedure before the start of construction. It will be considered the approach of foundation required and avoid unknown danger such as bearing capacity failure, differential settlement etc.
