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FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES, EFFURUN, DELTA STATE

A
TECHNICAL REPORT
ON
STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME
(SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT

BETA GLASS PLC


KM17, WARRI-PATANI ROAD
UGHELLI, DELTA, NIGERIA.
BY
BATURE OGHENERUME
COS/1314/2015

SUBMITTED TO
THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS,
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES, EFFURUN, DELTA
STATE
ABSTRACT
The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is a skill training program designed
to expose and prepare students of universities and other tertiary institutions for the industrial
work situation they are likely to meet after graduation. This report covers the student
industrial work experience (SIWES) training I did at BETA GLASS PLC. It gives a brief
introduction of the company, its services, history and interconnectivity of various
department. This report also contains the different equipment that were used to carry out jobs
and photographs of those equipment used. In addition, the SIWES training also afforded me
the rare opportunity to work on together with the experts in the field.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................................ii
LIST OF FIGURES...........................................................................................................................iv
CHAPTER ONE.................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION TO SIWES PROGRAM.................................................................................1
1.1 SIWES BACKGROUND........................................................................................................1
1.2 THE OBJECTIVES OF SIWES......................................................................................................2
1.3 IMPORTANCE OF SIWES....................................................................................................3
1.4 THE ROLES OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT...........................................................................3
1.5 THE ROLE OF CO-ORDINATING AGENCY (NUC).................................................................3
1.6 THE ROLE OF THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND (ITF).......................................................3
1.7 THE ROLE OF EMPLOYERS................................................................................................4
1.8 THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES..............................................................................................4
1.9 THE ROLE OF THE STUDENTS............................................................................................4
CHAPTER TWO................................................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY.....................................................................................5
2.1 ESTATE.....................................................................................................................................7
2.2 ADMIN BLOCK.........................................................................................................................7
2.3 CLINIC......................................................................................................................................7
2.4 WAREHOUSE...........................................................................................................................8
2.5 PRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................8
2.6 GENERATION...........................................................................................................................9
2.7 BATCH PLANT AND PLASTIC..................................................................................................10
2.8 TECHNICAL WORKSHOP........................................................................................................10
CHAPTER THREE..........................................................................................................................11
CCTV CAMERAS........................................................................................................................11
3.1 APPLICATIONS OF CCTV CAMERAS.............................................................................11
3.1.1 CRIME MANAGEMENT.......................................................................................................11
3.1.2 DISASTER MANAGEMENT...................................................................................................11
3.1.3 MEDICAL MONITORING AND DIAGONOSIS........................................................................11
3.1.4 MONITOR OPERATIONS.....................................................................................................12

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3.1.5 TRAFFIC MONITORING.......................................................................................................12
3.2 TYPES OF CCTV CAMERAS..............................................................................................12
3.2.1 DOME CAMERA..................................................................................................................12
3.2.2 BULLET CAMERA.................................................................................................................13
3.2.3 C-MOUNT CAMERA............................................................................................................13
3.2.4 DAY/NIGHT CAMERA..........................................................................................................14
3.2.5 PTZ (PAN TILT & ZOOM) CAMERA......................................................................................14
3.3 BASIC TYPES OF CCTV SYSTEMS...................................................................................15
3.3.1 ANALOG SYSTEM................................................................................................................15
3.3.2 DIGITAL SYSTEM.................................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 4......................................................................................................................................19
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...............................................................................19
4.1 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................19
4.2 PROBLEMS FACED DURING THE SIWES......................................................................20
4.3 SUGGESTION/RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF THE SCHEME. .20
REFERENCE......................................................................................................................................22

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2. 1 Frigoglass Tree of Value.....................................................................................................9
Figure 2. 2 Clinic................................................................................................................................12
Figure 2. 3 IS Machine on Line 1.1.....................................................................................................13
Figure 2. 4 Aggreko Generator...........................................................................................................13
Figure 2. 5 Conveyor belt running from batch plant to furnace...........................................................14

Figure 3. 1 Dome Camera...................................................................................................................17


Figure 3. 2 Bullet Camera...................................................................................................................18
Figure 3. 3 C-mount Camera...............................................................................................................19
Figure 3. 4 Day/Night Camera............................................................................................................19
Figure 3. 5 PTZ Camera......................................................................................................................20
Figure 3. 6 Analogue System..............................................................................................................21
Figure 3. 7 Digital System..................................................................................................................23

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iv
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION TO SIWES PROGRAM

The importance of Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) cannot be over
emphasized in the course of learning of students at various higher institutions because of the
benefits and exposure given to students at their various places of attachment. This brought
about the immense knowledge gained during my six months Industrial Training at BETA
Glass Plc. The SIWES program creates opportunities for students in institution of higher
learning to acquire industrial skills and experience in their course of study. It is of great
importance to highlight that the training program has been a great platform of acquiring
knowledge on practical and technical know-how of bringing ideas into real life oriented
solution for me, in meeting human needs.

In view of the above, working in BETA Glass Plc. has exposed me to the knowledge
of installing and maintaining a CCTV security system, the faults that might arise and how to
manage and troubleshoot these problems as well. It also exposed me to the careful use of
some tools by following proper rules and safety precautions in rewinding of an alternator and
electric motor. The services of BETA Glass Plc. involve production of flint bottles of various
product well known around the country like Coke, Fanta, De Rock, Lord’s Gin, Best
whiskey, etc. as well as their distribution to their respective factories.

1.1 SIWES BACKGROUND

The Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established by the
Industrial Training Fund (ITF) in 1973 to enable students of tertiary institutions (universities,
polytechnics, mono-technics and colleges of education), especially those in the faculties of
Engineering, Technology, and Sciences have technical knowledge of industrial work based
on their course of study before the completion of their program in their respective
institutions. This further aims to smoothen their entry into industrial practices on completion
of their studies and also reduce period spent in training fresh graduates as new employees. As
a result of increasing number of students’ enrolment in higher institutions of learning, the

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administration of this function of funding the scheme became enormous, hence, ITF
withdrew from the scheme in 1978 and the scheme was taken over by the Federal
Government and handed over to both the National Universities Commission (NUC) and the
National Board for Technical Education (NBTE). By 1979, the colleges of education were
not part of the scheme and later in 1984; the Federal Government reverted back to the ITF
which took over the scheme officially in 1985 with funding provided by the Federal
Government.

1.2 THE OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The students industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is strategized for skill
acquisition. The major benefits accruing to students who participate conscientiously in the
scheme are the skills and competences they acquire. The major reason behind the
participation of students in SIWES was to expose them to the industrial environment and
enable them develop occupational competences so that they can readily contribute their quota
to national economic development and technological advancement after graduation.
The Industrial Training Fund’s Policy Document No. 1 of 1973 (ITF, 1973) which
established SIWES outlined the objectives of the scheme. The objectives are to:
 Provide an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire
industrial skills and experience during their courses of study;
 Prepare students for industrial work situations that they are likely to meet after
graduation;
 Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and
machinery that may not be available in their institutions;
 Make the transition from school to the world of work easier and enhance
students’ contacts for later job placements;
 Provide students with the opportunities to apply their educational knowledge
in real work situations, thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice;
 Enlist and strengthen employers’ involvement in the entire educational
process through SIWES.

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1.3 IMPORTANCE OF SIWES

 It provides students with an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge in real


life situations.
 It exposes students to more practical work methods and techniques.
 It strengthens links between the employers, universities and industrial training fund
(ITF).
 It also prepares the students for the labor market after graduation.

1.4 THE ROLES OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

 They make it mandatory for all ministries, companies and government palatals, to
offer attachments places to students.
 They make it a policy to include a clause in every major contract lasting over six to
nine months being awarded for constructors to take students on attachment.
 They make adequate funds available to the federal ministry of industry to fund the
scheme.

1.5 THE ROLE OF CO-ORDINATING AGENCY (NUC)

 Collaboration with ITF, compile lists of employer institution’s placement lists.


 Establish SIWES coordinating units.
 Evolve a minimum national guide training activities for approved SIWES courses.
 Appoint full time industrial coordinators to operate the scheme at the agency level.
 Vet and approve SIWES master and placement lists and forward to ITF.

1.6 THE ROLE OF THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND (ITF)

 Organize biennial conference and seminars on SIWES.


 Provide logistic material needed to administer the scheme.
 Compile lists of employers and available training places for industrial attachment and
forward such lists to the coordinating agencies (that is, NUC, NBTE, and NCCE).

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1.7 THE ROLE OF EMPLOYERS

 Control and discipline students like permanent staff.


 Accept students and assign them to the relevant on-the-job training.
 Provide medical care for the students within the limits of the employers’ conditions of
service during attachment.
 Attach experienced staff to students for training and supervision; supervisors should
not handle more than ten students at a time.
 Pay students monthly allowance as at when due.

1.8 THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES

 Prepare and submit master and placement lists to the respective coordinating agency.
 Place students on attachment with employers.
 Establish SIWES coordinating units and appoint department/faculty SIWES
coordinators within the instructions.
 Organize orientation programs for students to prepare them for industrial training,
ITF representative may be invited to give talk to the students during the orientation
program.
 Appoint full-time industrial co-coordinators to operate the scheme at the industrial
level.

1.9 THE ROLE OF THE STUDENTS

 Comply with the employers’ rules and regulation.


 Be regular and punctual at respective place of attachment.
 Arrange their living accommodation during the period of attachment.

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CHAPTER TWO
INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY

INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY

Beta Glass Plc. located at KM17, Warri – Patani Road, Ughelli Delta State, Nigeria is
engaged in manufacturing and selling of glassware. The Company manufactures, distributes
and sells glass bottles and containers for the soft drinks, wine and spirit, pharmaceutical and
cosmetics companies. The company has another manufacturing plant located at KM 32,
Lagos Badagry Express Road, Agbara Industrial Estate, Ogun State with its head office

located at A.G. Leventis Building Iddo House, Iddo Lagos, Nigeria. The Company exports to
over 13 countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Gabon, Gambia,
Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mauritius, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Togo. The Company is a
subsidiary of Frigoglass Industries Nigeria Limited. Frigoglass is a strategic partner to the
world’s top beverage brands. They are one of the global leaders in the Ice Cold
Merchandisers (ICM) market and the principal supplier of glass packaging in the high growth
markets of West Africa. The head office of the parent company is located at 15, A. Metaxas
Street Kifissia, 145 64, Athens Greece.

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Figure 2. 1 Frigoglass Tree of Value
Established in 1974, Beta Glass has the largest glass container capacity in West Africa with
two plants and three furnaces with capacity to produce more than 600 tons of glass containers
per day. It currently planned to increase capacity to over 700 tons per day. Beta Glass is the
leading and preferred supplier of glass containers for more than four decades. They produce
and supply high quality and cost efficient glass packaging solutions to valued customers in
soft drink, beer and malt, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic, and wine and spirit market
segments.

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Beta Glass Delta plant which I did my industrial training at is any extensive compound
divided into several parts each with its own role to play. They are:

2.1 ESTATE
This is the residential area which houses flats and accommodation for guests and auditors and
managerial staffs as well as staffs coming in from abroad. It also has some recreational
facilities such as a swimming pool, a tennis court and a golf course. This enables important
members of the plant to always be available around the clock to enable smooth operation of
the plant.

2.2 ADMIN BLOCK


This is located by the main entrance just after the security post. Guest can enter after been
given a key card by security before getting to the receptionist that schedules any meeting
taking place. This block houses the offices of key figures including the plant manager, the
human resources manager, sales manager, etc. Also located on this block are the accounting,
sales and ICT department

2.3 CLINIC
As the name suggest, this department specialize in the health and wellbeing of the staffs at
the plant. They provide drugs and healthcare services for staffs. They also supervise the
cooks and the meals served at the canteen to make sure the workers are eating healthy and
are fit to work. This was especially necessary during the COVID pandemic as they made sure
that workers were safe and there was social distancing and even a quarantine area for
suspected cases and well as ensuring that hand sanitizer dispensers were distributed
strategically around the plant.

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Figure 2. 2 Clinic

2.4 WAREHOUSE
This is where all the glass bottles are stored before being shipped to their respective buyers.
They are stored in this controlled environment to make sure they are in excellent condition to
be shipped. This area also contains the loading bay were they are loaded into trucks to be
taken to their destinations.

2.5 PRODUCTION
This area can be said to be the main area in the plant. As the name suggest, all production
work is being done here including melting of materials at the furnace and the IS machine that
forms the glass bottles. Other department located in this area are the Mold workshop, Quality
assurance, Store and Cullet bay.

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Figure 2. 3 IS Machine on Line 1.1

2.6 GENERATION
This is where power is produced for the day to day working of the plant. While the company
is connected to NEPA, it is fitted with its own gas turbine that generate electricity as well as
other generators supplied and serviced by Aggreko.

Figure 2. 4 Aggreko Generator

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2.7 BATCH PLANT AND PLASTIC
The batch plant is where raw materials are delivered to and they are mixed in appropriate
measures before being sent to the furnace via conveyor belt. Plastic on the other hand mainly
deal with the manufacturing of crates for coca cola.

Figure 2. 5 Conveyor belt running from batch plant to furnace


2.8 TECHNICAL WORKSHOP
This is a big building that act as a workshop for different department usually involving
physical work. The departments here are motor vehicle, plant maintenance, plumbing,
electrical and instrumentation. I was assigned to the instrumentation department.
Other places in the yard are the Fueling station, Canteen, Weigh Bridge, Cullet washing bay,
Scrap yard, Quarry and Water treatment.

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CHAPTER THREE
CCTV CAMERAS

CCTV stands for closed-circuit television and is commonly known as video surveillance.
“Closed-circuit” means broadcasts are usually transmitted to a limited (closed) number of
monitors, unlike “regular” TV, which is broadcast to the public at large. CCTV networks are
commonly used to detect and deter criminal activities, and record traffic infractions, but they
have other uses. CCTV technology was first developed in 1942 by German scientist Walter
Bruch to monitor the launch of V2 rockets. It was later used by American scientists during
the testing of the atomic bomb. Over the years, the importance of CCTV cameras has grown
in society today.

3.1 APPLICATIONS OF CCTV CAMERAS


3.1.1 CRIME MANAGEMENT

CCTV surveillance can deter potential criminals. When a crime does occur, video footage
can help law enforcement to investigate and later provide evidence for prosecution in a law
court. Used in conjunction with CCTV, audio, thermal and other types of sensors can alert
officials to occurrences that are out of the ordinary, e.g. a fire or gun shots at a location. For
businesses, CCTV cameras can detect and monitor in-house criminal activities. Security
cameras are also able to monitor areas that are not easily accessible, e.g. rooftops.

3.1.2 DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Using CCTV cameras, emergency services and rescue workers are able to assess and monitor
events in real time to relay a “situation” via video to disaster management teams, e.g. from
inside a burning building, from a cave or from a helicopter flying over a scene.

3.1.3 MEDICAL MONITORING AND DIAGONOSIS

There are about 43 facial muscles that express people’s thoughts and feelings. Smart software
can identify these expressions, e.g. pain or anxiety, from images more easily that people can.
CCTV cameras can also monitor patients – for instance children or the elderly – to identify
potential medical crises, e.g. a stroke, or an epileptic or asthma attack.

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3.1.4 MONITOR OPERATIONS
Business owners can stay connected to their daily operations by monitoring them with a
surveillance system. This allows them to manage store lines, employee activities, and
streamline workflow based on live or recorded video footage of their business or
organization during working hours.

3.1.5 TRAFFIC MONITORING


Monitoring traffic, whether it’s to count the cars passing through or to improve the flow of
traffic for better travel times, can be a challenge. Outdoor cameras are designed to withstand
harsh weather and HD cameras can clearly record even fast moving cars in challenging light.

3.2 TYPES OF CCTV CAMERAS


There are different types of CCTV cameras which suit different type of premise or situations
and selecting the proper camera for the right application is vital. They are:

3.2.1 DOME CAMERA


The dome camera is one of the most common cameras and can be used for indoor and
outdoor security and surveillance. The shape of the camera makes it difficult for onlookers to
tell which way the camera is facing, which is a strong piece of design, deterring criminals by
creating an air of uncertainty. It is also easy to install and offers IR night vision.

Figure 3. 1 Dome Camera

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3.2.2 BULLET CAMERA
Bullet cameras are long and cylindrical in shape and are ideal for outdoor use. Their strength
lie specifically in applications which require long distance viewing. Installed with in
protective casings, the cameras can easily be mounted with a mounting bracket, and comes
fitted with either fixed or varifocal lenses depending on the requirements of its intended
application.it also offers IR night vision and High-quality image resolution.

Figure 3. 2 Bullet Camera

3.2.3 C-MOUNT CAMERA


Coming with detachable lenses, C-mount cameras allow for simple lens changes to fit
different applications. C-mount cameras can cover distances beyond 40 ft. thanks to the
possibility to use special lens with these cameras whereas standard CCTV lenses can only
cover distances of 35-40ft.it can support changes in technology and it’s bulky size makes it
noticeable serving as a deterrent.

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Figure 3. 3 C-mount Camera
3.2.4 DAY/NIGHT CAMERA
Capable of operating in both normal and poorly lit environments, these cameras benefit from
not requiring infrared illuminators as they can capture clear video images in the dark thanks
to their extra sensitive imaging chips. For this reason, these cameras are ideal for outdoor
surveillance applications in which IR cameras are unable to function optimally. They can
record both in color and black & white.

Figure 3. 4 Day/Night Camera

3.2.5 PTZ (PAN TILT & ZOOM) CAMERA


PTZ-Pan/tilt/zoom cameras allow the camera to be moved left or right (panning), up and
down (tilting) and even allow the lens to be zoomed closer or farther. These cameras are used

15
in situations where a live guard or surveillance specialist is there operating the security
systems.it is capable of x36 optical zoom and 200m IR night vision.

Figure 3. 5 PTZ Camera


3.3 BASIC TYPES OF CCTV SYSTEMS
There are basically 2 types of CCTV system and the main difference between them is the
way the images are transmitted and encrypted. The types are:

3.3.1 ANALOG SYSTEM


Analog cameras system records images and then send the signals over a coaxial cable to a
DVR (Digital Video Recorder).The DVR converts the video from analog to digital signals,
compresses the file and stores it on a hard drive. Monitors need to be hooked up to the DVR
to view the video or the DVR can be connected to a router and modem to broadcast it over
the internet through an internal network. If a device does allow broadcasting of the video, but
does not record it, then it is called a Video Server. These devices effectively turn any
analogue camera (or ant analogue video signal) into a network TV.

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Figure 3. 6 Analogue System
ADVANTAGES OF ANALOG SYSTEM
 Analog system tend to cost less than their digital counterparts on a per camera basis.
 DVR are easier to set up and understand and the installation is a bit straight forward.
 Analog recorded video files tend to be smaller and they are transmitted to the DVR
over coax instead of LAN so transmitting them doesn’t take as much bandwidth and
doesn’t tax network as much.

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DISADVSANTAGES OF ANALOG SYSTEM

 There tend to be a lot of wiring to handle as the cameras need to be connected to both
power supply and the DVR via cables.
 The image quality on analog cameras is pretty low. There is no digital zoom and
details at a distance look grainy.
 Analog cameras have much narrower field of view than their digital counterpart

3.3.2 DIGITAL SYSTEM


This uses IP-based digital CCTV cameras to records images digitally and then send data over
a computer network rather than going through a DVR first. This set up uses an NVR
(Network Video Recorder). They’re connected with a CAT5 Ethernet cord and broadcast a
digital video signal from an IP address. The signals are relayed through switches or POE
(Power over Ethernet) switches in cases that want to reduce wiring problems.

ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL SYSTEM

 The image quality from digital security cameras are significantly higher than analog.
 A single digital camera can cover an area that would require 3-4 of its analog
counterpart.
 Digital system supports PoE switches which reduces the needs for additional cables.
 Since digital cameras have encryption built in so data are secured all through its
journey.

DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL SYSTEM


 The cameras and equipment tends to cost more on an individual basis compared to
their analog counterparts.
 IP security cameras usually requires a lot more bandwidth than analog ones which
could also drive up cost.
 Higher resolution and higher frame rate means larger files which can be an issue to
store.

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Figure 3. 7 Digital System

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CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION


4.1 CONCLUSION

The whole experience gained during the attachment at BETA Glass Plc. was very
enlightening. Basic skills as well as the real practical skills were exposed to me and
the opportunity to relate with typical situations relating to CCTV cameras
installation, networking and maintenance. These experiences have successfully
broadened my understanding and interest in this particular field.

The training was worthwhile as it accorded me the privilege of gaining insight into
job preparation as well as what it meant to carry out proper inspection and also
working condition under stress which in a way prepares undergraduates for the
outside world after school. The series of experience gained cannot be ignored.

Other benefits include:

Good working ethics: As a result of the close working relationship I had with the
staff and managers, I have been able to imbibe good working ethics. These ethics
includes been able to handle situation with little or no help, being able to provide
solutions to lingering problems, etc.

Career Path: I have been able to use this training to explore various avenues
available at my disposal career-wise. It has given me the opportunity to have a look
into the future and access my readiness for employment or entrepreneurship.

Finally, the internship has bridged the gap between academic theory and practical
and has built a good degree of confidence especially in my abilities to perform. It
has also given me a first-hand experience of a real working environment.

I can confidently say that the experience gotten from this training was a worthwhile.

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4.2 PROBLEMS FACED DURING THE SIWES

Some of the problems I encountered during the course of the SIWES program are as
follows;

 Limited orientation before starting the program.

 The works were too broad in the essence that engineers were unable to
explain why are the important of work done on a particular equipment to me
as well as how it related to the theoretical knowledge.
4.3 SUGGESTION/RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF THE
SCHEME

Base on the experience and knowledge acquired at the course of the SIWES
training, I hereby give the following recommendation base on my observations;

The Federal Government should:


 Make adequate funds available to the Federal Ministry of industry to fund the Scheme
 Make it mandatory for all the ministries, companies and Government parastatals to
offer attachment places for students;

The Coordinating Agency (NUC) Should:


 Establish SIWES Coordinating units;
 Appoint full-time industrial Coordinators to operate the scheme at the agency level;
 Vet and approve SIWES master and placement list and forward to ITF;
 In collaboration with ITF, compile list of employers for institutions’ placement.

The Universities Should:


 Ensure that the Industrial Training period is long enough to enable students to easily
secure an IT placement on time and gain enough practical knowledge
 Prepare and submit Master and placement lists to respective coordinating Agency and
ITF

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 Organize orientation programs for students to prepare them for industrial training.
ITF representative may be invited to give a talk to students during the orientation
program.
 Assess students’ performance and award grades according.

The Students Should:


 Be regular and punctual at respective places of attachment;
 Keep proper records of training activities and other assignments in the log-book;
 Arrange their own living accommodation during the period of attachment.

The Employers Should:

 Be ready to accept students and assign them to relevant on-the-job training;


 Attach experienced staff to students for effective training and supervision.
Supervisors should not handle more than ten students at a time;
 Control and discipline students like permanent staff.

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REFERENCE

https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company
profiles.beta_glass_plc.09592a30de0f41502d8ca1b5e1a6cff2.html
https://www.reuters.com/companies/BETAGLA.LG
 https://www.frigoglass.com
 https://www.caughtoncamera.net/news/different-types-of-cctv/
 https://www.paessler.com/it-explained/cctv
 https://www.videosurveillance.com/apps/
https://www.c1c.net/blog/analog-vs-digital-security-cameras-cctv/
 https://nigerianfinder.com/history-of-siwes/

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