Hydraulic Lift

GAYATRI PUBLIC SCHOOL
PHYSICS
PROJECT WORK
GAYATRI PUBLIC SCHOOL
SESSION : 2022-23
SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

KARTIK YADAV MR. ANUJ YADAV
XI-C PGT(PHYSICS)
ROLL NO. 14
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher Mr. Anuj Yadav,
who gave me the golden opportunity to do
this wonderful project of Physics with topic
‘Hydraulic Lift’, who also helped me in
completing my project.
I came to know about so many new things. I
am really thankful to him. Secondly, I
would also like to thank our Principal Mam
“Mrs. Monika Singh” for providing me with
all the facility that was required to
complete this project within limited time
period.
KARTIK YADAV
XI-C
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Physics project titled
‘Hydraulic Lift’ has been successfully
completed by Kartik Yadav of class XI-C in
fulfillment of curriculum of CENTRAL
BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
leading to the award of annual examination
of the year 2022-23.
[INTERNAL EXAMINER]
Mr. Anuj Yadav
PGT(Physics)
HISTORY OF HYDRAULIC PRESS
Joseph Bramah patented the hydraulic

press in 1795.While working at Bramah’s
shop, Henry Maudslay suggested a cup
leather packing. Because it produced
superior results, the hydraulic press
eventually displaced the steam
hammer from metal forging.
To supply small scale power that was
impractical for individual steam engines,
central station hydraulic systems were
developed. Hydraulic power was used to
operate cranes and other machinery in
British ports and elsewhere in Europe.
The largest hydraulic system was in
London. Hydraulic power was used
extensively in Bessemer steel production.
Hydraulic power was also used for
elevators, to operate canal locks and
rotating sections of bridges. Some of
these systems remained in use well into
the twentieth century.
Harry Franklin Vickers was called the
“Father of Industrial Hydraulics”
by ASME.
WHAT IS AN HYDRAULIC LIFT ?
Hydraulic lift is a system where a liquid,
usually crude oil, is pumped down hole
under high
pressure to operate a reciprocating
pump or a jet pump. This is a very
flexible pumping system
and can be used to produce low- to
high-volume wells. This system is
capable of producing a
higher volume of fluid than the
mechanical lift pump. Hydraulic lift uses
a pump and pumps
oil very high pressure. The pump
pressure is usually between 300-400
pounds per square inch
(PSI) and pushes the liquid to the
bottom of the piston to lift it from its
seat which relatively
lifts the load connected to the head of
the piston-cylinder assembly.
The required power oil or produced
water is reclaimed and reused to
continue operating the wells.
The hydraulic lift makes use of fluid
pressure to produce smooth movement
during lifting. It
has some benefits when compared to
other lifting device; firstly, its
dependency on power
supply is eliminated. Secondly, it allows
smooth movement without jerking due
to steady
increase in fluid pressure, majority of lift
platform in market make use of
hydraulic.
PRINCIPLE:
Hydraulic lift works on the principle’s of
Pascal’s Law. In a hydraulic lift small amount of
force is applied to an incompressible liquid to
create a large amount of force.
PASCAL’S LAW: The statements of the law
are given below-
❖A liquid exerts equal pressure in all
directions.
❖If the pressure in an enclosed fluid is
changed at a particular point, the change is
transmitted to every point of the liquid and to
the walls of the container without being
diminished in magnitude.
WORKING OF HYDRAULIC LIFT:
Consider an apparatus with two pistons of area
‘a’ and ‘A’ and the container is filled with
hydraulic fluid. A load of mass ‘m’ is kept over
the piston with area ‘A’. A force ‘f’ is applied to
the piston with area ‘a’.
When a force ‘f’ is applied on piston and

additional pressure is exerted over the
fluid.
Padditional = 𝑓 ……..eq.(i)
𝑎
By Pascal’s Law, this pressure is
transmitted equally to all points in the
liquid and the same pressure is exerted
over the piston with area ‘A’.
The pressure already experienced by piston with
area ‘A’-
𝜔ⅇⅈ𝑔ℎ𝑡
PressureA= ……….eq. (ii)
𝐴
Since the liquid is in equilibrium then,

Padditional = PressureA
From eq(i) and eq(ii) ,
𝑓 𝜔ⅇⅈ𝑔ℎ𝑡
=
𝑎 𝐴
The pressure
𝑎 already
𝑓= 𝜔ⅇⅈ𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝐴
We know ‘a’ is smaller than ‘A’ so the ratio of
‘a’/ ’A’ will be less than 1.
𝑓 < 𝜔ⅇⅈ𝑔ℎ𝑡
This implies that the load can be lifted easily
with applying even lesser force than the weight
of the load.
SOME OTHER APPLICATIONS OF PASCAL’S LAW:
❑Using Pascal’s Law various equipment are

manufactured which are used in day to day
life.
❑Hydraulic jack and hydraulic press.
❑Hydraulic Brakes for increasing resisting
force in the vehicle braking systems,
Artesian wells, water towers, and dams.
❑Aircraft Hydraulic System: Hydraulic
power systems in Aircraft use Pascal’s law
to slow down aeroplanes on the runway.
Also, used in flight control mechanisms,
landing gears, etc.
❑Hydraulic Pumps: Hydraulic Pumps used
in the Automobile industries uses the
philosophy of Pascal’s Law.
❑Hydraulic testing of pressurised tanks,
calibration of pressure gauges, pressing of
oils such as olive, hazelnut, and sunflower
oils, compression of wood stocks, etc.
❑Various Pneumatic devices like Dentist’s
drills, jackhammers, paint sprayers, and air
brakes on trucks, etc works on the principle
of Pascal’s Law.
HYDRAULIC JACK
The hydraulic
jack consists of
two cylinders, a
larger and a
smaller one; and
these two
cylinders are
connected.
When its handle is pressed down, a valve
closes and the small piston forces the fluid
through another valve to a larger cylinder
which, then, produces a large force to be
transmitted to the load. Therefore, we can
say that when force is applied, the pressure
is exerted throughout the volume and
surface of the cylinder.
The handle is moved up and down
repeatedly until the load is sufficiently lifted
up by the hydraulic fluid flowing buffer tank
to the small cylinder. Hydraulic jacks are
highly advantageous in the automotive
industry and are often used to lift cars above
the ground level for repair and maintenance.
HYDRAULIC BRAKES
When force is
applied on the
brake pedal,
there is a
movement of the
piston and rod
in the master
cylinder.
A liquid which is known as brake or hydraulic
fluid, enclosed in the container, is used to
transmit the pressure from the brake pedal to
the wheels of the vehicle against the brake
discs or brake drums. The frictional force
between these force components causes the
vehicle to stop. Hydraulic brakes are used in
cars, motorcycles and lorries.
HYDRAULIC PUMPS
Hydraulic pumps
help in the
discharge of fluid.
It is equipped with
a small cylinder
connected to a
large cylinder and
both the cylinders are filled with oil.
Compressed air introduced to the small
cylinder exerts a pressure on the surface of
the oil. This pressure is transmitted by the
oil to the large cylinder where the pressure
acts on a large piston to produce a force
large enough to lift a car.
AIRCRAFT HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
An aircraft hydraulic
system consists of
three critical
mechanical
components and
hydraulic fluid. Even
a small amount of
hydraulic fluid helps
in transmitting a large amount of force. The
hydraulic fluid in contact with the
cylinders/pistons is at different pressure.
The oil which is at a relatively higher
pressure can be pumped to either side of the
piston head. The selector valve helps in
controlling the direction of the fluid.
THANK YOU

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GAYATRI PUBLIC SCHOOL

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

Mr. Anuj Yadav

Joseph Bramah patented the hydraulic

When a force ‘f’ is applied on piston and

Since the liquid is in equilibrium then,

❑Using Pascal’s Law various equipment are

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