GPRS, GSM, Cdma

What is GPRS?
- packet switching
The key element of GPRS technology was that it uses packet switched data rather than circuit switched
data, and this technique made much more efficient use of the available capacity. This is because most data
transfer occurs in what is often termed a "bursty" fashion. The transfer occurs in short peaks, followed by
breaks when there is little or no activity.
GPRS - General Packet Radio Service was the evolution of 2G GSM to provide packet switched data at
rates up to a maximum of 172 kbps.
GPRS was something of a revolution because all previous mobile phone systems had used circuit switched
channels. Also previous cell phone systems including GSM had focussed in voice communications, but the
need for mobile data was starting to come about and GPRS was one of the first to address this in a real
way.
Although 2G GSM could provide some data capability it was far too slow to be used for any real
applications. As a result, GPRS was developed to enable data to be handled and it also provided a stepping
stone on the path to 3G.
GPRS technology offered some significant benefits when it was launched:
 Speed: One of the headline benefits of GPRS technology is that it offers a much higher data
rate than was possible with GSM. Rates up to 172 kbps are possible, although the maximum
data rates realistically achievable under most conditions will be in the range 15 - 40 kbps.
 Packet switched operation: Unlike GSM which was used circuit switched techniques, GPRS
technology uses packet switching in line with the Internet. This makes far more efficient use of
the available capacity, and it allows greater commonality with Internet techniques.
 Always on connectivity: A further advantage of GPRS is that it offers an "Always On"
capability. When using circuit switched techniques, charges are based on the time a circuit is
used, i.e. how long the call is. For packet switched technology charges are for the amount of
data carried as this is what uses the services provider's capacity. Accordingly, always on
connectivity is possible.
 More applications: The packet switched technology including the always on connectivity
combined with the higher data rates opens up many more possibilities for new applications.
One of the chief growth areas that arose from GPRS was the Blackberry form of mobile or
PDA. This provided for remote email applications along with web browsing, etc.
Global System for Mobile

Communications (GSM)
The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed by the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation (2G)
digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablets. It was first
deployed in Finland in December 1991. By the mid-2010s, it became a global standard for mobile
communications achieving over 90% market share, and operating in over 193 countries and territories.
[
GSM utilizes a cellular network, meaning that cell phones connect to it by searching for cells in the
immediate vicinity.
 GSM is a circuit-switched system that divides each 200 kHz channel into eight 25 kHz time-
slots. GSM operates on the mobile communication bands 900 MHz and 1800 MHz in most
parts of the world. In the US, GSM operates in the bands 850 MHz and 1900 MHz.
 GSM owns a market share of more than 70 percent of the world's digital cellular subscribers.
 GSM makes use of narrowband Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technique for
transmitting signals.
 GSM was developed using digital technology. It has an ability to carry 64 kbps to 120 Mbps
of data rates.
 Presently GSM supports more than one billion mobile subscribers in more than 210 countries
throughout the world.
 GSM provides basic to advanced voice and data services including roaming service.
Roaming is the ability to use your GSM phone number in another GSM network.
Listed below are the features of GSM that account for its popularity and wide acceptance.
 Improved spectrum efficiency
 International roaming
 Low-cost mobile sets and base stations (BSs)
 High-quality speech
 Compatibility with Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and other telephone
company services
 Support for new services
CDMA
CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access
Code Division Multiple Access is a channel access method used by several radio communication
technologies. It is a digital cellular technology and an example of multiple access. It is generally used for
mobile communication.
Multiple access means that several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single
communication channel. In this system, different CDMA codes are assigned to different users and the user
can access the whole bandwidth for the entire duration. It optimizes the use of available bandwidth as it
transmits over the entire frequency range and does not limit the user's frequency range.
Thus, CDMA allows several users to share a band of frequencies without undue interference between the
users. It is used as a access method in many mobile phone standards.
Usage
o It is used in the Global Positioning System (GPS).
o It is used by several mobile phone companies (e.g. Qualcomm standard IS-2000 also known as
CDMA2000)
o W-CDMA is used in UTMS 3G mobile phone standard.
o CDMA has been used in OmniTRACS satellite system for transportation.
Categories of CDMA
o Synchronous CDMA (orthogonal codes)
o Asynchronous CDMA (pseudorandom codes)
Difference between CDMA and GSM
Criteria CDMA GSM
Technology CDMA is based on GSM operates on the wedge spectrum. it uses both time division
spread-spectrum
multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (fdm
technology which
makes the optimum TDMA provide multi-user access by cutting up the channel into
use of available
different time slice and fdma provides the multi-user access by
bandwidth.
separating the used frequency.
Security CDMA is more GSM is less secure than CDMA.

secure than GSM.
Global reach CDMA is used in GSM is used over 80% of the world network in over 210 countries.
usa and some part of
GSM is used 76% of the users worldwide.
canada and japan.
CDMA is used only
by 24% of the users
worldwide.
Data Transfer CDMA has faster GSM has slower data transfer as compared to CDMA.
Rate data transfer as
compared to GSM.

GPRS, GSM, Cdma

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What is GPRS?

GPRS technology offered some significant benefits when it was launched:

Global System for Mobile

o W-CDMA is used in UTMS 3G mobile phone standard.

o CDMA has been used in OmniTRACS satellite system for transportation.

o Asynchronous CDMA (pseudorandom codes)

Difference between CDMA and GSM

Criteria CDMA GSM

Security CDMA is more GSM is less secure than CDMA.

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