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    PREFIXES AND SUFFIXESnew

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    Mayra Magdalena Gómez Villanueva
    Prefixes and suffixes can be added to words to change their meaning. Common prefixes include re- meaning again, multi- meaning many, and super- meaning big. Negative prefixes like un-, in-, and dis- form the opposite of a word. Suffixes can form nouns from verbs and adjectives, including -ment, -tion/-sion, and -ness. Suffixes can also form nouns referring to people, such as -er, -ist, and -ant.

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    PREFIXES AND SUFFIXESnew

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    Mayra Magdalena Gómez Villanueva
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    Prefixes and suffixes can be added to words to change their meaning. Common prefixes include re- meaning again, multi- meaning many, and super- meaning big. Negative prefixes like un-, in-, and dis- form the opposite of a word. Suffixes can form nouns from verbs and adjectives, including -ment, -tion/-sion, and -ness. Suffixes can also form nouns referring to people, such as -er, -ist, and -ant.

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    Prefijos y sufijos

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    Prefixes and suffixes can be added to words to change their meaning. Common prefixes include re- meaning again, multi- meaning many, and super- meaning big. Negative prefixes like un-, in-, and dis- form the opposite of a word. Suffixes can form nouns from verbs and adjectives, including -ment, -tion/-sion, and -ness. Suffixes can also form nouns referring to people, such as -er, -ist, and -ant.

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    40 views2 pages

    PREFIXES AND SUFFIXESnew

    Uploaded by

    Mayra Magdalena Gómez Villanueva
    Prefixes and suffixes can be added to words to change their meaning. Common prefixes include re- meaning again, multi- meaning many, and super- meaning big. Negative prefixes like un-, in-, and dis- form the opposite of a word. Suffixes can form nouns from verbs and adjectives, including -ment, -tion/-sion, and -ness. Suffixes can also form nouns referring to people, such as -er, -ist, and -ant.

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    PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

    Prefixes

    A prefix comes at the beginning of a word. It adds something to the meaning.

    1 Here are some common prefixes.

    re (= again): rewrite a letter, re-enter a room, remarry

    semi (= half): semi-skilled workers, a semi-conscious state

    mono (= one): monorail, monolingual, a monotone

    multi (= many): a multinational company, a multi-storey car park

    super (= big/more): a superstore, a superhuman effort, a supersonic aircraft

    sub (= under/less): subnormal intelligence, sub-zero temperatures

    mini (= small): a minibus, a miniskirt, a minicomputer

    pre (= before): the pre-war years, prehistoric times

    post (= after): a post-dated check, the post- war period

    ex (= previously): his ex-wife, our ex-Director

    inter (= between): inter-city trains, an international phone call

    trans (= across): a transatlantic flight, a heart transplant operation

    co (= together): co-exist, a co-production, my co-driver

    over (= too much): overcrowded, ill from overwork, an overgrown garden, overweight

    under (= too little): undercooked food, an understaffed office, underpaid

    out (= more/better): outnumber the opposition, outplayed their opponents, outlived both her
    children

    pro (= in favour of): pro-government forces, pro-European policies

    anti (= against): anti-nuclear protestors, anti-aircraft guns

    mis (= badly/wrongly): misuse, misbehave, misgovern, miscount, a misunderstanding

    2 There are some negative prefixes used to express an opposite.

    a) un: unhappy, unfair, unofficial, unemployed, unplug a machine, unpack a suitcase This is the
    most common way of expressing an opposite.

    b) in: inexact, independent, indirect, inexpert, an injustice

    NOTE We do not use in before l, m, p or r. We use il, im and ir instead.

    illegal, illogical; immobile, immoral, impossible, impatient; irrelevant, irresponsible


    c) dis: dishonest, disunited, disagree, disappear, dislike, disadvantage

    d) non: non-alcoholic drinks, a non-stop flight, a non-smoker e de: defrost a fridge, the
    depopulation of the countryside, the decentralization of government.

    Suffixes

    A suffix comes at the end of a word.

    Not all combinations are possible. We can say statement, amusement, punishment etc, but we
    cannot add ment to every verb. The words have to be learnt as vocabulary items.

    2 Abstract nouns

    Some common suffixes in abstract nouns are ment, tion/sion, ance/ence, ty, ness and ing. We can
    use an abstract noun in nominalization.

    They agreed. their agreement

    a Verb + ment: payment, movement, government, arrangement, development

    b Verb + ion/tion/ation/ition: correct correction, discuss discussion, produce production, inform


    information, invite invitation, add addition, repeat repetition

    c Verb with d/t sion: decide decision, permit permission

    d Verb + ance/ence: performance, acceptance, existence, preference

    e Adjective in ent ence: silent silence Others are absence, intelligence, independence, violence.
    Examples of ant ance are distance, importance.

    f Adjective + ty/ity: certainty, royalty, stupidity, nationality, security

    g Adjective + ness: happiness, illness, freshness, forgetfulness, blindness

    h Verb + ing: building, my feelings

    3 Nouns for people

    a Verb + er/or: walker, owner, builder, driver, doctor, editor There are very many such nouns,
    especially with er.

    NOTE We also use er in nouns for things, especially machines, e.g. a computer, a food mixer.

    b Noun/Verb/Adjective + ist: journalist, motorist, nationalist, tourist

    c Verb + ant/ent: applicant, assistant, inhabitant, servant, student

    d Noun + an/ian: republican, electrician, historian, musician For nationalities, e.g. Brazilian

    e Noun + ess: waitress, actress, hostess, stewardess, princess

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