International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 119 No. 15 2018, 681-687

ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
Special Issue
http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

Multilevel inverter with AC and Boost DC

Outputs for Microgrid Applications
1 2
P.Sathyanathan , Dr.P.Usha Rani , R.Niranjan Kumar3, S.R.Akshaya4
1
Asst Prof, Department of EEE, Vel Tech, Chennai
2
Professor, Department of EEE, R.M.D Engineering College, Chennai
3,4
Asst Prof, Department of EEE, Vel Tech, Chennai
Abstract—In microgrids, integration of multiple renewable energy
integrated inverters. And presents the hybrid multilevel
sources to AC and DC buses of grid require a boost and multi-level
inverters. Depending on the requirement, these boost and multi-level inverter. But, boost integrated multilevel inverters are not
converters are connected either in parallel or in cascaded. In this
parallel or cascaded arrangement the device count and control
discussed in literature.
complexity increases. And, also it requires a separate AC and DC
output control (for modulation index and duty ratio). So, these
arrangement cannot give the fully controlled simultaneous DC and
AC outputs. With this intent, this paper proposes a simplified
converter with simultaneous AC and DC outputs. This proposed
converter topology is derived by modifying the DC-DC boost
converter power switch with a multi-level inverter. This resulting
simplified topology requires less number of devices (switches) to
produces a simultaneous boost DC and multi-level AC waveforms
with a shoot through protection for a multi-level converter. A
suitable pulse width modulation (PWM) control strategy is described
and simulation results are presented using MATLAB. And also, the
mathematical analysis of the proposed converter has been derived
and compared with conventional/already existing designs.

Index Terms—Hybrid microgrid, multi-port converter, boost

converter, multilevel inverter

I. INTRODUCTION
Power converter architectures having multiple input ports or multiple
output ports are used in a wide variety of appli-cations. Typical examples
are hybrid electric vehicles (EV), DC/AC-based hybrid microgrids and
power supplies. Recent developments in the operation and control of
microgrids and widespread use of power electronics challenging the
researchers to design new power converter topologies with less number
of devices and reduced complexity. During this pro-cess, in hybrid
microgrids, integration of multiple renewable energy sources to AC and
DC buses of grid requires a two individual converters, a DC-DC boost
converter and a multi-level inverter (MLI). Depending on requirement
these boost and multi-level converters are arranged in parallel as shown
in Fig. 1(a) or arranged in cascaded as shown in Fig. 1(b). In this
arrangement the device count and control complexity increases. And also
it requires a separate AC and DC output control (for modulation index
and duty ratio). So, simultaneous wide control on AC and DC outputs are
not possible in cascaded and parallel arrangements. To overcome these
issues, discussed the boost derived hybrid converters, proposed the
different multi port converters deals with boost

Fig. 1. Arrangement of boost and multilevel inverter for AC and DC outputs

a) Parallel b) Cascaded c) Proposed

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This paper proposes a simplified converter for achieving

simultaneous AC multi-level and DC boost outputs as shown in
Fig. 1(c). This proposed converter topology is derived by
replacing the DC-DC boost converter power switch with a MLI.
The resulting simplified converters require less switches count to
provide simultaneous desired multi-level AC and boost DC
outputs with an inherent shoot through protection in MLI stage.
This paper organizes as follows: Section II discuss about proposed
topology control and operation. Section III discuss the simulation
results. And, the comparative analysis are discussed in Section IV.
And, Section V concludes the paper.
II. PROPOSED TOPOLOGY OPERATION AND CONTROL
A. Modeling of Proposed Converter
The controlled switch S of a conventional DC-DC boost
converter as shown in Fig. 2(a) is replaced by the multilevel
Fig. 3. The control design of proposed converter
inverter topology to obtain the proposed converter as shown in
Fig. 2(b). This proposed converter produces a simultaneous
multi-level AC output and boost DC output using five con-trolled
Stage-1: Triangular signal compared with Vm1, Vm2
switches S1 S5 and diode. Thus the control of the duty ratio (D)
(Vm2 = Vm1=2) to generate the control pulse for positive
control the boost converter operation and control of the
and negative half cycles and Triangular signal compared
modulation index (ma) control the MLI operation. The input DC with Vst to generate the control pulse in shoot through
voltage is Vdc = Vdc1 +Vdc2. Inductor (L) is used for store the operation.
energy in shoot through (ST) operation. AC load is connected Stage-2: The aggregate signal is generated from control pulses
across H-bridge and DC load is connected across capacitor C. with addition of +1 or -1. This aggregate signal leads to
generation of inverter’s desired output level.
Stage-3: Finally, look-up table shown in Table I is for-
mulated based on the topology that produces gate signals
required for proposed converter operation.
C. Operation of Proposed Converter
The gate signals required for the operation of the proposed
converter is shown in Fig. 4. The voltage and current wave form in
different locations with different intervals are shown in Fig. 5. The
overall operation of proposed converter with power, zero and shoot
through intervals are explained as follows:

TABLE I
SWITCHING STATES D URING D IFFERENT LEVELS OF VOLTAGE

Level Switches (1 ON; 0 OF F ) F ig:#

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
+2Vdc 1 1 0 0 0 6(a)
+1Vdc 0 1 0 0 1 6(b)
0V dc 1 0 0 1 0 6(c)
ST 1 0 0 1 0 6(d)
1Vdc 0 0 1 0 1 6(e)
2Vdc 0 0 1 1 0 6(f)

a) Power intervals (+Vdc, -Vdc , +2Vdc, 2Vdc): These

Fig. 2. a) Boost converter b) Proposed simplified converter derived from intervals (+Vdc, -Vdc , +2Vdc, 2Vdc) are shown in Fig. 6(a), 6(b),
boost converter 6(e), 6(f) occurs when current leaving or entering the multilevel
inverter. The diode is forward bias in power interval. In this
B. Control of Proposed Converter interval, S1 S5, S3 S5, S1 S2, S3 S4 are ON for producing +Vdc, -
The control scheme used for controlling the proposed con-verter is Vdc, +2Vdc, 2Vdc respectively. This sequence produces a five
shown in Fig. 3. It consists of three stages as follows: level AC output.

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Fig. 5. Current and voltage waveforms of proposed converters

D T
Fig. 4. Generation of gate signals
i = V (1)
L L dc

b) Shoot through (ST) interval: The circuit diagram of From Fig 6(e), it is observed that stored energy in inductor
the ST interval is shown in Fig. 6(d). In this interval both the is dissipated through capacitor. During this time, the DC
voltage gain is given by (2).
switches (either S1 S4 or S3 S2) are ON at the same instant.
The duration of ST interval depends on duty ratio of boost
V
dco
= 1 (2)
converter. The inductor current circulates in switches (either V
S1 S4 or S3 S2). In this interval diode is in reverse bias dc 1 D
c) Zero interval: The circuit diagram of zero interval is The modulation index (ma) controls the inverter output
shown in Fig. 6(c). In this interval the multi-level inverter current voltage. The relation between peak AC output voltage to the
DC input voltage (Vdc) is given by (3).
circulates in the switches (either S1 S2 or S3 S4). The diode is in
forward bias during the zero interval.
V
aco 1
From Fig. 5, it is shown that the sum of AC output current iab V
dc = ma 1 D (3)
and current passing through diode id is equal to the current
From (3), the AC gain depends on modulation index for any
through inductor L. And, the input voltage is equal to the
constant value of D. The switching control must satisfy the
aggregate sum of the AC and DC output voltages.
following equation (4).
D. Mathematical Formation for Implementation of Proposed
Converter ma + D 1 (4)
The relationship between DC input Vdc, AC and DC output (Vaco, Hence, the multilevel output AC voltage is equal to the
Vdco) are derived as follows: From Fig 6(d), during the shoot input DC voltage and this output AC voltage is not depends
through operation, the increase in the inductor current (i L) depend on on D and ma.
duty ratio and the total time (T ) as follows: From (2) and (3), the output DC power (Pdc) and AC power
(Pac) is derived as follows:

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Fig. 6. The equivalent circuit of the proposed TPHSMC during different voltage levels (a) +2Vdc-level. (b) +Vdc-level. (c) 0Vdc-level. (d) Shoot through
operation. (e) -Vdc-level. (f) -2Vdc-level.

2
V
dc
P = 2
dc Rdc (1 D) (5)
2 2
Pac = 0:5 Vdc ma
(6)
2
Rac (1 D)
Here, Rdc and Rac are the DC and AC load resistance
respectively. From (5) and (6) it is observe that the Pdc Fig. 7. Output voltage of AC and DC with different duty ratio 0.4, 0.2
depends D and Pacdepends on both D and ma.

III. SIMULATION RESULTS

TABLE II
SIMULATION PARAMETERS

Simulation Parameter Value

Inductor L 5mH,
Fig. 8. Output current of AC and DC with different duty ratios and loads
Capacitors C 1 380µF
Capacitors C 2 2000µF
DC source voltage (V dc = 100V ) Vdc1 = 50V ; Vdc1 = 50V Fig. 7 shows the five level AC output voltage waveform
Carrier frequency f c 5kHz and DC boost output voltage waveform with duty ratios of 0.2
and 0.4. The output DC voltages are 166V and 125 V
Reference frequency f r 50Hz
achieved with duty ratios of 0.2 and 0.4 for a given input
Modulation index m a 0:5 0:9
voltage of 100V. The AC output voltage is 100V for ma of 0.8
Duty ratio D 0:4 0:9 and 0.6. Fig. 8 shows the multilevel AC and boost DC output
AC load 10 , 10mH current waveforms with duty ratios of 0.2, 0.4 when it is
DC load 15 loaded with R and R-L loads.
Fig. 9 shows the five level AC output voltage waveform and DC
The proposed converter is simulated using boost output voltage waveform with duty ratios of 0.3 and 0.5. The
MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation parameters considered for output DC voltages are 176V and 135 V achieved with duty ratios of
simulation are Tabulated in Table II. And, modulation index and 0.3 and 0.5 for a given input voltage of 100V. The AC output voltage
duty ratio are consider based on (4). is 120V for ma of 0.8 and 0.6.

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Fig. 9. Output voltage of AC and DC with different duty ratio 0.3, 0.5

Fig. 12. Comparison of AC gains

Fig. 10. Output current of AC and DC with different duty ratios (0.3, 0.5) and
loads

Fig. 10 shows the multilevel AC and boost DC output current

waveforms with duty ratios of 0.3, 0.5 when it is loaded with
R and R-L loads.

Fig. 7 shows the fifteen level AC output voltage waveform and DC boost output voltage waveform with duty ratios of 0.2
and 0.4. The output DC voltages are 70V and 100 V achieved with duty ratios of 0.2 and 0.4 for a given input voltage of 45V.
The AC output voltage is 100V for ma of 0.8 and 0.6.

Fig. 11 shows the 3D-plot between ma, D and AC voltage

gain. AC voltage gain is increases exponentially for increasing of
duty ratio and increasing linearly with ma.
The Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 shows the AC and DC voltage
gains against the duty ratio of separate boost and MLI, boost
converter cascaded with MLI, and proposed converters. The
modulation index satisfies condition (4) for achieving higher
AC gains. The DC gain is same for all topologies. The
proposed converter used for different AC or DC conversion
ratios with a controlled maand D.

IV. COMPARISON OF THE PROPOSED TOPOLOGY WITH THE

EXISTING TOPOLOGIES
The comparison of proposed simplified converter topology with
the existing topologies like, boost converter, multi-level inverter,
invidual boost and multi-level inverter, boost con-verter cascaded
with MLI and [2] are given in Table II. The proposed converter has
the following advantages:
Fig. 11. 3d-plot between AC voltage gain, duty ratio and modulation index
A shoot-through protection for multilevel stages.

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TABLE III
COMPARISON OF PROPOSED CONVERTER TOPOLOGY WITH EXISTING TOPOLOGIES

Cascaded Separated Topology Proposed Topology

Boost Converter Multi level Inverter
F ig 1(b) F ig 1(a) in [2] F ig 2(b)
No.of switches 2 5 10 10 4 5
1 1 1 1 1
DC Voltage gain 1 D
1 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D
1 1 1
AC Voltage gain ma ma 1 D ma ma 1 D ma 1 D

Range of m a - 0 ma 1 0 ma 1 0 ma 1 0 ma (1 D) 0 ma (1 D)
Degree of freedom 1 1 2 2 2 1
Control parameters 2 2 5 5 5 4
Dead time Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Multilevel AC Output No Yes No No No Yes
High boost DC Output Yes No No No No Yes

The proposed topology implemented without any dead-time. [3] B. Axelrod, Y. Berkovich, A. Ioinovici, “A cascade boost-switched-capacitor-
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Trans. Circuts Syst., vol. 52 (12), pp. 2763-2770, 2005.
topologies.The duty ratio and modulation index of the AC
multi level inverter and DC boost structures can be controlled [4] K. Gupta and S. Jain, “A novel universal control scheme for multilevel
independently.The current during shoot through operation inverters,” 6TH IET International conference on power electronics, ma-
chines and drives, 2012.
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[5] S. Mishra, R. Adda, and A. Joshi, “Inverse Watkins-Johnson topology
based inverter,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1066-
V. CONCLUSION 1070, Mar. 2012.
The paper proposes a new converter with simultaneous AC and [6] G. Ceglia, V. Guzman, C. Sanchez, F. Ibanez and J. Walter, “A new
DC outputs for microgrid applications. It is derived by replacing the simplified multilevel inverter topology for DC-AC conversion,” IEEE
boost converter power switch with a multilevel inverter. The features Trans. Power Electron., vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 1311-1319, 2006.
of this simplified topology are shoot through protection, multi-level [7] Y. V. Pavan Kumar and Ravikumar Bhimasingu, “A simple modular
AC output, boost DC output without any dead-time. Number of multilevel inverter topology for the power quality improvement in renewable
energy based green building microgrids,” Elsevier Journal of Electric Power
switches are also reduced compared to the existing topologies.
Systems Research., vol. 140, pp. 147-161, 2016.
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