CHAPTER 2

Quality Control in Engineering Management

Published On: June 22, 2016

In the technical community, the term "quality control" is frequently used, yet the

general public might not fully understand what it means. Quality control (QC)

safeguards customers by ensuring that only high-quality goods reach the market.

Quality control starts soon after a contract is accepted, and it frequently continues even

after the product is sent out, according to Carmagen Engineering, Inc.

QUALITY IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES

Engineering quality control impacts every facet of the field, and by extension,

every part of our life. Civil engineers make sure that our cities' infrastructures are in

good working order, mechanical engineers make sure that our products and

constructions don't harm anyone, and chemical engineers make sure that our drinking

water is clean. In order to ensure that systems and goods pass inspection, engineers in

the past created a variety of quality improvement approaches. Since then, inventors

have improved these techniques.

Other disciplines look to engineers for best practices because they are so adept

at quality improvement strategies. The National Academy of Engineering and the

Institute of Medicine recently recommended the systematic application of systems

2007 peer-reviewed study on quality improvement techniques. Quality improvement

techniques have gained prominence in healthcare as a result of the recent overhaul of

the U.S. healthcare system. Healthcare professionals are expediting the delivery of

high-quality patient care using strategies established by engineers over many years.

Our cities' roads and infrastructure are protected by civil engineers using a

variety of standard quality improvement procedures. A soil investigation assesses if the

site will support a new road before building can start. Accidents can be avoided in the

future by comprehending how erosion and other natural processes affect man-made

constructions. Quality control helps to save lives as well as money.

Most individuals are aware of the necessity for quality improvement methods in

fields like electrical engineering, but they may not be familiar with some other

engineering quality control procedures. One field of engineering that is mysterious to

non-specialists is chemical engineering.

Because "Drugs must be sold as safe and therapeutically active formulations

whose performance is consistent and predictable," the pharmaceutical business

extensively relies on quality improvement methods (Levi, Walker, and Pugsley). It would

be terrifying to live in a world without pharmaceutical quality control. Even after they

reach the market, medications are continually examined and retested. To ensure the

safety of the general population, quality control procedures such as testing for

extractable and leachable impurities and residual solvents are required.

Industry

Xuan Zheng, Scarlett R. Miller

Published Online: November 3, 2017

The design business pays a high price for creating ground-breaking items

because of the danger and ambiguity that come with original concepts. However, there

is little chance for innovation without new ideas. Therefore, in order to add value,

businesses must adequately accept the risk associated with innovative ideas at the

nascent stage of the design process. Although prior research has connected risk-taking

attitudes to creative idea development and selection in engineering design education,

there has been little research on the risk-taking attitudes of engineering design

professionals and the underlying forces that motivate them. This is problematic because

without this knowledge we do not know what factors inhibit or promote the flow of

creative ideas in engineering design industry. In order to address this gap, a preliminary

online survey was conducted with 46 design professionals from a global manufacturing

company to understand the potential driving factors of creative risk taking, including

educational training, job type (R&D, applied engineering, or management), and years of

experience. The results suggest that there is a relationship between employee

education level and years of experience and an engineering employee’s willingness to

take risks on creative ideas in the fuzzy front end of the design process. Interestingly,

the results also show that those individuals primarily responsible for the development

(R&D) and selection (management) of creative ideas tend to be more financially risk

averse than individuals in traditional engineering positions. These results contribute to

management of creative ideas in the early conceptual design stages of engineering

design industry.

RISKS AND SAFETY ISSUES RELATED TO USE OF ELECTRIC AND HYBRID

VEHICLES

Kjosevski S.1Kostikj A.2Kochov A.2

1 University Mother Teresa in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in

Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

The percentage of hybrid vehicles on the road today is rising, but the

development of electric vehicles is also continuing, signaling the start of a new era in

which they will be used. Lowering the negative impact on the environment and cutting

back on operating costs are two objectives of the introduction of these cars. Along with

the aforementioned trends, there are some details about the dangers of driving this kind

of vehicle. The main components of the development of hybrid and electric vehicles are

discussed in this essay, with an emphasis on the overall differences between them and

regular cars with internal combustion engines. The paper has focus on risk identification

and hazards that can arise from hybrid and electric vehicles, which are specifically

related to their technical differences from conventional vehicles with internal combustion

engine. Those risks exist when the vehicles are in use, but also even when the vehicle

is not in operation. There is also identification of potential risks for the emergency staff

when there is accident with these types of vehicles. The paper also addresses the

possible harmful events that can happen later or because of improper repairs of the

vehicles. Having in mind that the literature sources are quite moderate and in Republic

of Macedonia there is none, the conclusion represent an effort to systemize the

available knowledge in order to help vehicle users and professionals to mitigate or lower

the recognized risks.

Karen Benson, Shawon Rahman

In order to plan for and sustain future growth and return on investment inside the

company, security risks and barriers that are inherent to any organization must be

acknowledged, examined, and eliminated. Similar to how individuals must assess their

own security, business executives must regularly analyze potential dangers in this new

global economy. Once these hazards are identified, it is necessary to consider the

expense and potential harm before taking any further action. This essay will discuss

current issues with the information technology (IT) security of a mechanical engineering

firm and how they relate to other contemporary industries.

Every year, many workers are victims of work-related accidents (some of them

serious or even fatal) or contract occupational diseases because they are exposed to

numerous hazards posed by the machines they operate and their work environment. In

terms of prevention, actions can be taken at the source, in the work environment, with

workers themselves and by implementing collective protection measures to eliminate

the risks. When measures cannot be put in place to eliminate or reduce risks at the

source, workers can be required to use personal protective equipment

engineering lecture

Pankaj Chavan,Ritayan Mitra &Janani Srree Murallidharan

Received 06 Mar 2021, Accepted 22 Feb 2022, Published online march 242022

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Critical elements of the teaching and learning process include how both students

and teachers view the course material. Studies that have looked at these perspectives

have shown conflicting evidence of both convergence and divergence between student

and teacher perceptions. These studies used data collection methods like surveys and

interviews, which contain various levels of information granularity. Using a variety of

data modalities that could record impressions at various granularities, we examined how

challenging a mechanical engineering lecture was perceived by both students and

teachers. Our analysis showed that perceptions are multistate in nature. Depending on

the scale of interpretation, which is a function of the modality and granularity of data

used in the study, the perceptions of the students and their teacher can appear to both

converge and diverge. At macro scale, the students and the teacher agreed about

difficult sections of the lecture and the underlying reasons. However, their reasoning
diverged when probed at finer scales. Furthermore, we note that convergence observed

between the perceptions of the teacher and students at a coarse scale can sometimes

hide differences in finer scale perceptions. We discuss the implications of these results

for the interpretation of results from past studies and for practitioners.

The pitfalls of work placement learning: perceptions of mechanical engineering students

from a South African university

Tiyamike Ngonda,Corrinne Shaw &Bruce KlootORCID Icon

Pages 38-46 | received 25 Sep 2020, Accepted 01 Jun 2022, Published online: 06

Jun 2022

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This article explores the difficulties faced by mechanical engineering students

during their work placements using a qualitative multi-case analysis. 34 mechanical

engineering students were purposefully chosen for the study, and their data were

gathered. It was discovered that poor student characteristics, constrictive learning

environments, inadequate industry mentors, poor work affordances, and low quality

work environments can all undermine students' learning results from work placements.

It implies that low quality job affordances are frequently linked to the pairing of

ineffective mentors and constrictive learning environments. If they were unable to fulfill

the simultaneous responsibilities of work supervisors and teachers, industry mentors

were regarded as unsuccessful. It further suggests that some student attributes can

also compromise work placement learning outcomes. It found that students who are not

proactive or assertive often experience low quality work affordances. To remedy these

shortcomings, universities should provide pre-placement training for students and

industry mentors in the form of a seminar for industry mentors and simulated work

placement for students.

Not all mechanical engineers are employed by testing facilities. They frequently

do their duties on-site in places that are inadequate for the tasks at hand. For instance,

a mechanical engineer may have to handle railcar issues in a subway as users and staff

members wait impatiently for assistance. Or, to work on equipment that is confined to a

small area with restricted accessibility, an engineer might be employed. Engineers must

therefore implement security measures quickly to be ready for unforeseen

leaky hoses, structural defects, or hazardous circumstances until they get there.

Fire Suits Aren't Just for Firemen

Because hydraulics, pumps, turbines, compressors, and pneumatics systems are

frequently utilized to create and test materials, mechanical engineering is not for the

faint of heart. In fields including aerospace, building construction, biotechnology, aircraft

development, shipbuilding, fuel processing, transportation, and energy generation,

mechanical engineers create machinery and systems.

Because these types of equipment often involve the use of gases, flames, heat,

refrigeration and electricity, engineers must use face masks, flame-retardant suits,

protective eyewear and gloves to ensure their safety, says BlogMech. Even the slightest

mistake can lead to burns, cuts, gas inhalation and exposure to hazardous materials.

Careful Does It

Mechanical engineers frequently deal with bulky, unstable, and heavy machinery

and equipment. When the proper protective equipment isn't worn, workers risk suffering

injuries to their faces, heads, eyes, or toes as well as back injuries from trying to

stabilize or secure equipment or materials, hand or finger crushing from working in

confined spaces, and back, hand, eye, or toe injuries from securing or stabilizing

materials. Although technology, computer-aided design tools, and human intelligence

are used by mechanical engineers to address mechanical and structural problems, the

work also necessitates practical experience.