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    harish honey
    The document provides an overview of basic MATLAB commands for image processing, including commands to clear the command window and existing figures, clear variables from memory, and close all open figures. It also demonstrates how to define arrays and matrices, use built-in functions like zeros and ones, perform trigonometric and geometric functions, plot graphs with options to customize properties, and display multiple plots using subplots. Examples are given for each concept to illustrate their use.

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    Exp 1

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    27 views10 pages
    The document provides an overview of basic MATLAB commands for image processing, including commands to clear the command window and existing figures, clear variables from memory, and close all open figures. It also demonstrates how to define arrays and matrices, use built-in functions like zeros and ones, perform trigonometric and geometric functions, plot graphs with options to customize properties, and display multiple plots using subplots. Examples are given for each concept to illustrate their use.

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    The document provides an overview of basic MATLAB commands for image processing, including commands to clear the command window and existing figures, clear variables from memory, and close all open figures. It also demonstrates how to define arrays and matrices, use built-in functions like zeros and ones, perform trigonometric and geometric functions, plot graphs with options to customize properties, and display multiple plots using subplots. Examples are given for each concept to illustrate their use.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views10 pages

    Exp 1

    Uploaded by

    harish honey
    The document provides an overview of basic MATLAB commands for image processing, including commands to clear the command window and existing figures, clear variables from memory, and close all open figures. It also demonstrates how to define arrays and matrices, use built-in functions like zeros and ones, perform trigonometric and geometric functions, plot graphs with options to customize properties, and display multiple plots using subplots. Examples are given for each concept to illustrate their use.

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    of 10

    EXPERIMENT 1

    MATLAB software and its basic commands for image


    processing

    Aim: To learn the effective MATLAB in-built functions and the image processing basic commands
    in MATLAB.

    Theory:

    Command-1: ‘clc’

    ‘clc’ stands for clear command window. It will clear any instructions that are present in the
    command window.
    Fig: 1 Use of “clc” in MATLAB.
    Command-2: ‘clf’

    ‘clf’ stands for clear any existing figure window so the display of
    the current program will be on a new axes window.

    Example:

    Img = imread('coins.png');
    figure;imshow(Img);

    % Clear Figure window clf


    Fig: 2 Use of “clf” in MATLAB

    Command-3: ‘clear all’

    The command “clear all” will clear all the variables from the MATLAB memory. The command
    “clear” removes all variables from the workspace.

    Type the following in MATLAB command window:

    Matrix1 = [1 2 3; 4 5 6]

    Matrix2 = [-1 -2 -3; -4 -5 -6]

    Matrix3 = Matrix1 - Matrix2

    % Use of clear function clear

    Matrix1

    The above function will clear matrix 1 from MATLAB memory.


    Fig: 3 Use of “clear” in MATLAB

    Command-4: ‘close all’


    The command ‘close all’ in MATLAB will close all the open existing figure windows. The below
    example will make the use of this function clearer.

    Img = imread('coins.png'); figure; imshow(Img);

    figure;imshow(Img); close (gcf); close all;

    As shown above “close(gcf)” will close the current figure window where “gcf” stands to get the
    current figure.

    Significance of Semicolon in MATLAB (;)

    In MATLAB if semicolon is not used at the end of each command line syntax, the MATLAB
    will display the output of that line in the command window. Use of semicolons prevents
    MATLAB from displaying line by line results in the command window.

    Use of colon in Matlab

    >> Vector1 = 1:10


    Vector1 =

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

    9 10
    Colon operator acts as a separator here and produces numbers from 1 to 10.
    >> Vector2 = 1:2:10
    Vector2 =

    1 3 5 7 9

    Here the numbers from 1 to 10 in step increment of 2 are generated by the MATLAB.

    Defining Arrays and Matrices in MATLAB

    Arrays and matrices can be defined in many ways in MATLAB. Most of the arrays and matrices
    are usually initialized before they are called anywhere in the program.

    Array1 = [1:3;4:6]

    Array1 =

    1 2 3

    4 5 6

    The above example shows how arrays can be generated in MATLAB using the colon operator.

    Zeros and Ones as Initialization Variables

    In MATLAB often use zeros and ones to initialize many variables. For this MATLAB provides
    two inbuilt functions namely ‘zeros’ and ‘ones’.

    >> X = zeros(2,2)

    X=

    0 0
    0 0
    >> Y = ones(1,3)

    Y=

    1 1 1

    Here MATLAB initializes X with a zero matrix of size 2 rows and 3 columns and Y with ones of
    size 1 row and 3 columns.
    Trigonometry and Geometric Functions in MATLAB

    MATLAB supports most of the common trigonometric, algebraic, complex and geometric
    functions of Mathematics.

    Y = sin(0:2*pi/10:2*pi)

    Y=

    Columns 1 through 9

    0 0.5878 0.9511 0.9511 0.5878

    0.0000 -0.5878 -0.9511 -0.9511

    Columns 10 through 11

    -0.5878 -0.0000

    Plotting graphs and figures in MATLAB

    One of the most powerful features of MATLAB is its graphical visualization. MATLAB
    provides many features for plotting and representing graphs.

    Fig: 4 Plotting of graph in MATLAB


    Example:1

    Y = sin(0:2*pi/10:2*pi);figure;plot(Y);

    Example:2

    x= 1:10;
    y1 = sin(x);
    y2 = sin(2*x);

    y3 = sin(4*x);

    y4 = sin(8*x);

    figure; subplot(2,2,1);

    plot(x,y1); title('Subplot 1: sin(x)');

    subplot(2,2,2); plot(x,y2); title('Subplot 2: sin(2x)');

    subplot(2,2,3);plot(x,y3);title('Subplot 3: sin(4x)');

    subplot(2,2,4);plot(x,y4);title('Subplot 4: sin(8x)');

    In the above example the subplot enables viewing of multiple plots in one window.
    “subplot(2,2,X)” represents a plotting window for 4 figures with 2 rows, 2 columns and X denoting
    the position of each graph.

    Fig: 5 Subplots in MATLAB


    In MATLAB the plot function also supports a lot of keywords which will used to make the
    graph more readable and better looking.

    Example:3

    Y = sin(0:2*pi/10:2*pi);

    figure; plot(Y,'b--*','LineWidth',1.5, 'MarkerSize', 10);

    xlabel('X-Axis');

    ylabel('Y-Axis');

    title('Sine Wave');

    Fig: 6 Plotting of graph with markers in MATLAB


    Code:1
    fprintf("This will not be printed as it written before clc");
    clc;
    fprintf("This will be printed as is written after clc");

    2 clc;clear;
    Img = imread('coins.png');
    figure; imshow(Img);
    resizedimage = imresize(Img,[100 100]);
    imshow(resizedimage);

    3 clc; clear;
    Img = imread('coins.png');
    figure;imshow(Img);
    close all;

    4
    Y = sin(0:2*pi/10:2*pi) figure; plot(Y);

    5 close all; clear all; clc;


    x = 0:0.0625:10;
    y1= sin(x); y2 = sin(2*x); y3 = sin(4*x); y4 = sin(8*x);
    figure; subplot(2,2,1); plot(x,y1); title('Subplot 1: sin(x)');
    subplot(2,2,2); plot(x,y2);
    title('Subplot2: sin(2x)');
    subplot(2,2,3);plot(x,y3);
    title ('Subplot 3: sin(4x)');
    subplot(2,2,4); plot(x,y4);
    title ('Subplot 4: sin(8x)');

    6
    Y = sin (0:2*pi/10:2*pi);
    figure; plot(Y,'b--*','LineWidth',1.5, 'MarkerSize', 10);
    xlabel('X-Axis'); ylabel('Y-Axis'); title ('Sine Wave')
    7
    clc; clf; close all; clear; x = -10:10;
    y1 = zeros(1,21); y1(1,11) = 1; y2= zeros(1,21); y2(1,11:21) = 1; y3 = 0:10;
    y4 = exp(0:2*pi/10:2*pi); y5= exp(-(0:2*pi/10:2*pi)); y6= sin(0:2*pi/10:2*pi);
    subplot(3,2,1); stem(x,y1,'b','filled'); title('Unit Impulse');
    subplot(3,2,2); stem(x,y2,'b', 'filled'); title('Unit Step');
    subplot(3,2,3); stem(y3,y3, 'b', 'filled'); title('Unit Ramp');
    subplot(3,2,4); stem(y3,y4, 'b', 'filled'); title('Exponential Increasing');
    subplot(3,2,5); stem(y3,y5, 'b', 'filled'); title('Exponential Decreasing');
    subplot(3,2,6); stem(y3,y6, 'b', 'filled'); title('Sinusoid');
    Pre Lab Questions:

    Q1. What is the advantage of MATLAB over other programming languages?

    Q2. What are toolboxes available in MATLAB for image and video processing?

    Post Lab Questions:

    Q1. How to select a fixed element from a matrix in Matlab? Explain with examples

    Q2. How do you plot two graphs on the same figure window? Explain with examples

    RESULT:
    The experiment was successfully completed and the observations and readings were recorded and verified.

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