Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

At this time, many people are affected by the world crisis, especially in

high-priced goods. Many families around the world worry about what to eat

daily. With the aid of this study, every family can benefit from having food that

is both nutritious and just right for their budget. Food has suddenly become very

expensive.

According to Lalaine Manalo, 2017, Musa acuminata (banana heart),

Oregano vulgare (oregano), and Bixa orellana (annatto) are the three primary

components of this recipe. Musa acuminata (banana heart) is one of the

vegetables that we love to cook. Not because of its cheap price but also

because the banana heart is delicious and can cook in different dishes.

According to Natalie Butler, R.D, L.D. – By Yvette Brazier 2020, Oregano

can consider an herbal medicine. It also has a vitamin K and is a good source

of manganese. Many kids don't want to drink medicine because of its taste.

Oregano vulgare (oregano)is an herb from the mint.

According to Ryan Raman, MS, RD 2019, Bixa Orellana (annatto) can

give color to food made from the seeds of the achiote tree. 70% of natural food

color is derived from annatto. In addition, Bixa orellana (annatto) has long been

used in many parts of South and Central America as a cosmetic, for art, and

TK treats various medical conditions. It also contains minerals like calcium,

sodium, and iron. It possibly has a relatively high content of dietary fiber.
Statement of the Problem

This study will determine the acceptability of Musa acuminata (banana

heart), Oregano vulgare (oregano), and Bixa Orellana (annatto) as Burger

Patty.

Specially, this will answer the following question:

1. What is the acceptability of Musa acuminata (banana heart), Oregano

vulgare (oregano), and Bixa orellana (annatto) as Burger Patty in terms

of:

1.1 Taste

1.2 Texture

1.3 Aroma

1.4 Mouthfeel

1.5 Friability

2. Is there a significant difference among the treatment employed?

Hypothesis of the Study

HA: The Musa acuminata (banana heart), Oregano vulgare (oregano),

and Bixa orellana (annatto) is potential as a Burger Patty.

HO: The Musa acuminata (banana heart), Oregano vulgare (oregano),

and Bixa orellana (annatto) is not potential as a Burger Patty.

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Conceptual Framework

‘Musa acuminata (banana heart), Oregano vulgare (oregano), and Bixa

orellana (annatto)’ is an independent variable because it is changed or

controlled in a scientific experiment.

Step – Boil and Drain – Boil the Musa acuminata (banana heart) for

about 20-30 mins and the Oregano vulgare (oregano) for 5mins. After boiling,

drain the ingredients. Step – Cut or minced – Once the Musa acuminata

(banana heart) is already dry, you can now cut or minced it. Step – Mix all the

Ingredients – Minced Musa acuminata (banana heart), liquid of Oregano

vulgare (oregano) and Bixa orellana (annatto), 3g flour and egg, 2g salt, and 1g

pepper and seasonings. Step – Frying – In a low heat, use a frying pan with just

the right amount of oil for frying the product. 3-5mins each side. Step – Serve

and Enjoy – Put it on a clean plate with a rice. The Procedure of this study is a

Constant Variable because it stays the same and can never be changed.

Burger Patty is the dependent variable because it is being tested in a

scientific experiment.

Significance of the Study

The research is made with the aim to provide information and knowledge

regarding to those family members who are suffering in terms of food crisis.

It will significantly contribute to the following:

People who suffer from food crisis. This study will help people who

suffer from food crisis that even if their budget is small.

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Family. The study will serve as their basis from every family member that Musa

Acuminata with Oregano vulgare and Bixa Orellana as Burger Patty is

affordable and easy to cook.

Researchers. This study will help the researchers acquire more

knowledge. In addition, researchers can teach consumers the method of

making Musa Acuminata with oregano vulgare and Bixa Orellana as Burger

Patty.

Future Researcher. For those who may be interested in this field of

knowledge, the results of the study are likely to influence their further scholarly

research and a chance to investigate and increase new learning.

Scope and Limitations of the study

The scope of this research study will only focus on making Musa

acuminata (banana heart), Oregano vulgare (oregano), and Bixa orellana

(annatto) as Burger Patty. The target is to asses taste, texture, aroma,

mouthfeel, and friability of Musa acuminata (banana heart), Oregano vulgare

(oregano), and Bixa orellana (annatto).

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Operational Definition of Terms

In order to have an easy better understanding for the readers, the

researchers defined the following according on how it is used in this study.

Bixa orellana or annatto – it is for adding the color of the product.

Musa acuminata or banana heart – it is the main product of this study

to make the Burger Patty.

Oregano vulgare or oregano – this is to add more flavor to the

product. It can also be the alternative medicine to the product.

Smell – it is the odor or scent of the product.

Taste – it is the sensation of flavor perceived in the mouth and throat

on contact with a substance

Texture – it is the consistency of the product, whether the product is

rough or smooth.

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses the relevant literature and studies that the

researchers considered when determining the significance of the study about

dealing with food crisis.

Musa acuminata

Banana is an edible fruit and is herbaceous flowering plant belonging to

the genus Musa and the family Musaceae. Banana is also eaten as cooked

vegetable (called plantains). Banana is known to be rich not only in

carbohydrates, dietary fibers, certain vitamins and minerals, but is also rich in

many health-promoting bioactive phytochemicals. (Jiwan S Sidhu and Tasleem

A Zafar 2018).

Musa acuminata (banana heart), the wild species of banana is a plant of

the tropical and subtropical regions. Over the past few decades, the health

benefits of M. acuminata have received much attention. All parts of the plant

including fruits, peel, pseudostem, corm, flowers, leaves, sap and roots have

found their use in the treatment of many diseases in traditional medicine.

Literature review have indicated use of Musa acuminata in the treatment of

various diseases such as fever, cough, bronchitis, dysentery, allergic infections,

sexually transmitted infections, and some of the non-communicable diseases.

(Nimisha SarahMathew and Pradeep Singh Negi 2017).

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Oregano vulgare

Oregano vulgare is a natural, less toxic, residue free feed supplement

for poultry when compared to other synthetic ingredients. It contains key

bioactive components, including as thymol and carvacrol. O. vulgare as a

poultry feed supplement has had an antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral,

immunomodulatory and antiparasitic effect. To maximizes the overall

productivity of poultry, oregano may be used as a natural alternative to

antibiotics and drugs due to the absence of side effects and residues.

(Alagawany M. et al 2018).

Due to its perfect quality and high essential oil concentration, Greek

oregano (O. vulgare ssp. hirtum) is regarded among the best in the world

gaining in popularity in the global markets for food industry applications.

Consequently, oregano might be considered as an important low-input,

environmentally friendly commodity for extensive cultivation in Greece. The

present review summarizes on the origin, the morphology, the ecology and the

utilization of this plant. (Elpiniki Skoufogianni, Alexandra D. Solomou, Nicholaos

G. Danalatos 2019).

Bixa Orellana

Bixa Orellana L. (annatto) is a commercially important plant grown for its

natural dye annatto, which is derived from the arils of seeds. Annatto, which

contains the antioxidant bixin, is used in food, cosmetic, and textile industries

as a natural colorant. (Talita da Silva Ferreira 2022).

The dye, in powder form found in the thin layer of aril, is known in Brazil

as paprika or colorific, without aroma or flavor, that is widely used in cooking to

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enhance the color of food. Bixin, which is the coloring of annatto, acts as a color

fixer in commercial products. The dye is also used for industrial purposes, in

the formulation of beverages, in baking, and in other pastas, in dairy products

(such as cheese), sausages, cosmetics, paints, as a sunscreen against

ultraviolet rays, among others. (Ferreira, T et al 2022).

Impact of food inflation on poverty in the Philippines

It simulates the impact of food inflation between June 2006 and June

2008 on poverty across different areas and between agricultural and

nonagricultural households. We explicitly treat the spatial heterogeneity in food

inflation and the differences in consumption and production patterns across

households by merging household expenditure survey and price datasets at the

provincial level or lower. Although some of the poor agricultural households

may have escaped poverty, the poorest of the poor, whether they are in an

agricultural household or not, are severely and adversely affected by the food

inflation. (Tomoki Fujii 2013).

Children’s Access to Healthy Food

Child care is a critical part of the fabric of our society—it supports

children’s healthy development and supports their parents and caregivers by

enabling them to engage fully in the workforce. Children in child care

arrangements receive a range of essential services. Access to nutritious food

and the opportunity to establish healthy eating habits at a young age are some

of the most fundamental supports provided by child care programs. (Bonney J.

et al, 2022).

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Population growth of Philippines

The demographic growth rate of the Philippines around the turn of the

century (2% a year) has already created enormous challenges and is clearly

unsustainable in the long term: such growth implies a doubling of the population

every 35 years as a consequence of which there would be 152 million people

by 2035, 304 million by 2070, and so on. Nobody expects such a growth to

actually occur. This contribution will discuss the more realistic scenarios for the

future. (J. Van Bavel 2013).

World Population

The history of mankind covers a period of more than 3 million years.

During this time, more than 80 billion people came to Earth, and today 10

percent of them live. According to statistics, the world’s population is more than

7 billion 884 million people. At present, the dynamics of world population growth

is very high. Such a rapid growth rate is already worrying humanity. Not only is

the population growth in the world rapid, but this growth far exceeds the level

of production and improvement of people’s social needs. The content of the

article is mainly related to the study of the future disproportion between

population growth and the socioeconomic security of the people, as well as the

problems it will cause because failure of meeting the socioeconomic needs of

the population at the required level in the future will create certain problems in

their lifestyle and social life. We can even note that the degree of social

problems will be different in different regions. (Rahim Sadigov 2022).

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 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design and Treatments

Completely Randomizes Design (CRD) consist of three (3) treatments,

replicated three (3) times –

T1 – 200g of Musa acuminata (banana heart), 3g of Oregano vulgare

(oregano), 1.5g Bixa orellana (annatto). 3g flour and egg, 2g salt, and 1g pepper

and seasonings.

T2 – 250g Musa acuminata (banana heart), 2g of Oregano vulgare

(oregano), 1g Bixa orellana (annatto). 3g flour and egg, 2g salt, and 1g pepper

and seasonings.

T3 – 300g Musa acuminata (banana heart), 1g of Oregano vulgare

(oregano), 0.5g Bixa orellana (annatto). 3g flour and egg, 2g salt, and 1g pepper

and seasonings.

In this study, the researchers used some kitchen tools to help them

create the product they want to present, these are the following; Frying pan,

Knife, cutting board, Spatula, Measuring cups and spoons, and Whisk.

The ingredients that they used are the following; small Musa acuminata

(banana heart), 2 tablespoons of Oregano vulgare (oregano), 2 tablespoons of

Bixa orellana (annatto), 1 teaspoon of salt and pepper, ½ cup of seasoning, 1

large egg, and a ½ cup of flour.

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 Step – Boil and Drain – Boil the Musa acuminata (banana heart) for

about 20-30 mins and the Oregano vulgare (oregano) for 5mins. After boiling,

drain the ingredients.

Step – Cut or minced – Once the Musa acuminata (banana heart) is

already dry, you can now cut or minced it.

Step – Mix all the Ingredients – Minced Musa acuminata (banana heart),

liquid of Oregano vulgare (oregano) and Bixa orellana (annatto), 3g flour and

egg, 2g salt, and 1g pepper and seasonings.

Step – Frying – In a low heat, use a frying pan with just the right amount

of oil for frying the product. 3-5mins each side.

Step – Serve and Enjoy – Put it on a clean plate with a rice.

Data Gathering Procedure

Once the study on the product has been completed successfully and it

has been shown that there are no negative effects, it will be put to the test so

that others may evaluate its flavor and any other peculiar or odd elements they

may discover. As a result, once all the tasks have been completed, the

researchers will know what needs to be improved and the product may then be

made available to every family. Data will be gathered through Taste test utilizing

Hedonic Scale for ratings.

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Hedonic Scale

9 – Like extremely

8 – Like very much

7 – Like moderately

6 – Like slightly

5 – Neither like nor dislike

4 – Dislike slightly

3 – Dislike moderately

2 – Dislike very much

1 – Dislike extremely

1. Taste

Treatments Replicant 1 Replicant 2 Replicant 3 total

2. Texture

Treatments Replicant 1 Replicant 2 Replicant 3 total

T1

T2

T3

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 3. Aroma

Treatments Replicant 1 Replicant 2 Replicant 3 total

T1

T2

T3

4. Mouthfeel

Treatments Replicant 1 Replicant 2 Replicant 3 total

T1

T2

T3

5. Friable

Treatments Replicant 1 Replicant 2 Replicant 3 total

T1

T2

T3