Designing of Top Chord Truss Members:

Use Double Angle Bars for Trusses

LRFD Method (Load Resistance Factor Design)
FY= 248 mpa
FU= 400 mpa
Top Chord

Axial Component

In designing for compression:

Pu= 11.75 KN
2 2
Assume F cr = F y = ( 248 )=165.33 mpa
3 3
(11.75 )( 1,000 ) 2
Trial Area= =78.97 mm
( 0.9 )( 165.33 )

1 1 1
Try ¿ 1 × 1 × (Double Angle Bars)
2 2 4

1
Assume inch gusset plane between angle bars
4
2 2
A=1.38 ¿ =890.32 mm
r x =0.499∈¿ 11.40 mm
Z x =0.288 ¿3 =4,719.47 mm2
4 4
I x =0.29 ¿ =120,707.11 mm
J=0.018 ¿4=7492.17 mm4
1
b=1 inches=38.1 mm
2
1
t= inch=6.35 mm
4

Classify the section (compact, non-compact or slender)

b 38.1
= =6
t 6.35
λ r=0.45
Since,
√ E
Fy
=0.45
√200,000
248
=12.78

6<12.78
b
<λ
t r
Therefore, the section is compact.
Computing for Slenderness Ratio:
kL (1.0 )( 1350 )
= =118.42
rx 11.40

4.71
√ E
Fy
=4.71
200,000
248 √=133.76

Since
118.42<133.76
kL
rx
> 4.71
E
Fy √
Use

F =[ 0.658 ] F
Fy
Fe
cr y
2
π E
F e=
kL
rx
2
π ( 200,000 )
F e= =140.76 mpa
118.422

[ ]F
Fy
Fe
F cr = 0.658 y

[ ]
248
140.76
F cr = 0.658 248
F cr =118.63mpa

Solving for the compression capacity of the section:

φ Pn =φ Fcr A e
( 0.9 )( 118.63 ) ( 890.32 )
φ Pn = =95.06 kN >11.75 kN
1,000
safe!
Solving for the tension capacity of the section:
Gross Section Yielding (GSY)
φ Pn =φ F y A g
( 0.9 )( 248 ) ( 890.32 )
φ Pn = =198.72 kN >21.01 kN
1,000
safe!
Tensile Rupture in Net Section (TRS)
φ Pn =φ Fu A e
 ( 0.75 )( 400 )( 890.32 )
φ Pn = =198.72 kN >21.01 kN
1,000
safe!

Flexure Component

Dead Load:

Self-Weight= 0.082 kPa × 5m = 0.41 KN/m

Roof covering = 0.08 kPa× 5m = 0.4 KN/m
Purlins = = 7.44 kg/m × 9.81 m/sec × 1kN/1,000 N × 2= 0.146 KN/m
Total UDL = 0.956 KN/m

1
M DL = ( 0.956 )( 1.35 )2=0.218 KN . m
8

Roof Live Load:

UDL = 0.75 kPa × 5m = 3.75 KN/m

Convert to Normal UDL= 3.75 KN/mcos ( 21.8 ) =3.482 KN/m
1
M Lr = ( 3.482 )( 1.35 )2=0.793 KN .m
8

Wind Load:

UDL = -1.36 kPa × 5m = 6.8 KN/m

1
M W = ( 6.8 )( 1.35 )2 =−1.549 KN . m
8

Factored Moment:

M r=1.2 ( M DL ) +1.6 ( M Lr ) +0.5 ( M W )

M r=1.2 ( 0.218 ) +1.6 ( 0.793 )+ 0.5 (−1.549 )

M r=0.756 KN . m

Limits to be checked:
- Yielding
- Lateral Torsional Buckling
- Flange Local Buckling
Yielding
M n=M y
M y =F y Z X
( 248 ) ( 4,719.47 )
M y= =1.17 kN . m
1,0002

Lateral Torsional Buckling

M n=
( π √ E I y GJ
lb )
( β + √1+ β 2 )
Where

( )√
d Iy
β=−2.3
lb J

1350 √ 7492.17
( 44.45 ) 120,707.11
β=−2.3
β=−0.302

M n= (
π √ ( 200,000 )( 120,707.11 ) ( 72,000 )( 7492.17 )
1,350
( )
−0.302+ √ 1+ (−0.302 ) )
2

M n=( 19720898 )
1
(
1,000
2 )
M n=1.972 KN . m

Flange Local Buckling

Since the section is compact this limit does not apply

Ultimate Moment
M c =∅ M n
M c =( 0.9 ) ( 1.17 )=1.053 kN .m

Check:
Pr 20.828
= =0.22>0.20
P c 95.06
Use
Apply Interaction Value:

+ +
(
Pr 8 M rx M ry
P c 9 M cx M cy
≤ 1.0
)
11.75 8 0.76
+
95.06 9 1.05 ( )
≤ 1.0
 0.77<1.0 ∴ Safe !

1 1 1
Therefore, use¿ 1 × 1 × double angles for Top Chord.
2 2 4

Designing of Roof Truss Members:

Use Single Angle Bars for roof truss members
LRFD Method (Load Resistance Factor Design)
FY= 248 mpa
FU= 400 mpa
For Web Member (Critical Member)

In designing for compression:

Pu= 25.51KN / 2 = 12.755 say 12.76 KN
2 2
Assume F cr = F y = ( 248 )=165.33 mpa
3 3
(12.76 )( 1,000 )
Trial Area= =85.75 mm 2
( 0.9 )( 165.33 )
1 1 1
Try ¿ 1 × 1 ×
2 2 4
2
A=444 mm
r x =11.40 mm
b=38.1 mm
t=6.35 mm
Classify the section (compact, non-compact or slender)
b 38.1
= =6
t 6.35
λ r=0.45
Since,
√ E
Fy √
=0.45
200,000
248
=12.78

6<12.78
b
<λ
t r
Therefore, the section is compact.

For single angle member sections:

L 1350
= =118.42> 80
r x 11.40
Therefore use:
 kL L
=32+1.25
rx rx
kL
rx
=32+1.25
1350
11.40 (
=180.03 )
4.71
√ E
Fy
=4.71
√
200,000
248
=133.76

Since
180.03>133.76
kL
rx
> 4.71
√
E
Fy

Use
F cr =0.877 Fe
π2 E
F e=
kL
rx
2
π ( 200,000 )
F e= 2
=60.9
180.03
F cr =0.877 ( 60.90 )
F cr =53.41mpa

Solving for the compression capacity of the section:

φ Pn =φ Fcr A e
( 0.9 )( 53.41 ) ( 444 )
φ Pn = =21.34 kN >12.76 kN
1,000
safe!
Solving for the tension capacity of the section:
Gross Section Yielding (GSY)
φ Pn =φ F y A g
( 0.9 )( 248 ) ( 444 )
φ Pn = =99.108 kN >1 4 .42 kN
1,000
safe!
Tensile Rupture in Net Section (TRS)
φ Pn =φ Fu A e
( 0.75 )( 400 )( 444 )
φ Pn = =133.2 kN >14.42 kN
1,000
safe!
 1 1 1
Therefore, use¿ 1 × 1 × for the web members.
2 2 4

Designing of Bottom Chord Truss Members:

Use Double Angle Bars for Trusses
LRFD Method (Load Resistance Factor Design)
FY= 248 mpa
FU= 400 mpa
Bottom Chord

Axial Component

In designing for compression:

Pu= 12.87 KN
2 2
Assume F cr = F y = ( 248 )=165.33 mpa
3 3
(12.87 )( 1,000 )
Trial Area= =86.49 mm 2
( 0.9 )( 165.33 )

1 1 1
Try ¿ 1 × 1 × (Double Angle Bars)
2 2 4
2 2
A=1.38 ¿ =890.32 mm
r x =0.499∈¿ 11.40 mm
3 2
Z x =0.288 ¿ =4,719.47 mm
I x =0.29 ¿ 4=120,707.11 mm4
4 4
J=0.018 ¿ =7492.17 mm
1
b=1 inches=38.1 mm
2
1
t= inch=6.35 mm
4

Classify the section (compact, non-compact or slender)

b 38.1
= =6
t 6.35
λ r=0.45
Since,
√E
Fy
=0.45
√
200,000
248
=12.78

6<12.78
b
<λ
t r
Therefore, the section is compact.

Computing for Slenderness Ratio:

kL (1.0 )( 1350 )
= =118.42
rx 11.40

4.71
E
Fy √
=4.71
200,000
248 √
=133.76

Since
118.42<133.76
kL
rx
> 4.71
E
Fy √
Use

[ ]
Fy
Fe
F cr = 0.658 F y
2
π E
F e=
kL
rx
2
π ( 200,000 )
F e= 2
=140.76 mpa
118.42

[ ]F
Fy
Fe
F cr = 0.658 y

[ ]
248
140.76
F cr = 0.658 248
F cr =118.63mpa

Solving for the compression capacity of the section:

φ Pn =φ Fcr A e
( 0.9 )( 118.63 ) ( 890.32 )
φ Pn = =95.06 kN >12.87 kN
1,000
safe!
Solving for the tension capacity of the section:
Gross Section Yielding (GSY)
φ Pn =φ F y A g
( 0.9 )( 248 ) ( 890.32 )
φ Pn = =198.72 kN >17.08 kN
1,000
safe!
Tensile Rupture in Net Section (TRS)
φ Pn =φ Fu A e
( 0.75 )( 400 )( 890.32 )
φ Pn = =198.72 kN >17.08 kN
1,000
safe!

1 1 1
Therefore, use¿ 1 × 1 × double angles for Bottom Chord.
2 2 4