Yellow Journalism

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Yellow journalism

Yellow journalism, the use of lurid features and sensationalized news in newspaper
publishing to attract readers and increase circulation. The phrase was coined in the 1890s to
describe the tactics employed in the furious competition between two New York City
newspapers, the World and the Journal.

Joseph Pulitzer had purchased the New York World in 1883 and, using colourful,
sensational reporting and crusades against political corruption and social injustice, had won
the largest newspaper circulation in the country. His supremacy was challenged in 1895
when William Randolph Hearst, the son of a California mining tycoon, moved into New
York City and bought the rival Journal. Hearst, who had already built the San Francisco
Examiner into a hugely successful mass-circulation paper, soon made it plain that he
intended to do the same in New York City by outdoing his competitors in sensationalism,
crusades, and Sunday features. He brought in some of his staff from San Francisco and
hired some away from Pulitzer’s paper, including Richard F. Outcault, a cartoonist who had
drawn an immensely popular comic picture series, The Yellow Kid, for the Sunday World.
After Outcault’s defection, the comic was drawn for the World by George B. Luks, and the
two rival picture series excited so much attention that the competition between the two
newspapers came to be described as “yellow journalism.” This all-out rivalry and its
accompanying promotion developed large circulations for both papers and affected
American journalism in many cities.


Joseph Pulitzer.
Hulton Archive/Getty Images

William Randolph Hearst, 1906
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

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The era of yellow journalism may be said to have ended shortly after the turn of the 20th
century, with the World’s gradual retirement from the competition in sensationalism. Some
techniques of the yellow journalism period, however, became more or less permanent and
widespread, such as banner headlines, coloured comics, and copious illustration. In other
media, most notably television and the Internet, many of the sensationalist practices of
yellow journalism became more commonplace.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Brian
Duignan, Senior Editor.

Citation Information
Article Title: Yellow journalism
Website Name: Encyclopaedia Britannica
Publisher: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Date Published: 25 October 2019
URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/yellow-journalism
Access Date: April 25, 2021

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