MSC Circulars.670
MSC Circulars.670
MSC Circulars.670
Circulars / MSC/Circ.670
Note Refer to MSC/Cric.582
GUIDELINES FOR THE PERFORMANCE AND TESTING CRITERIA AND SURVEYS OF
HIGHEXPANSION FOAM CONCENTRATES FOR FIXED FIREEXTINGUISHING
SYSTEMS
1 The Maritime Safety Committee, at its sixtyfourth session (5 to 9 December 1994), approved Guidelines for the
performance and testing criteria and surveys of highexpansion foam concentrates for fixed fireextinguishing
systems, given in annex.
2 Member Governments are recommended to ensure that tests for type approval and periodical control of the high
expansion foam concentrates are performed in accordance with the annexed guidelines.
ANNEX
GUIDELINES FOR THE PERFORMANCE AND TESTING CRITERIA AND SURVEYS OF
HIGHEXPANSION FOAM CONCENTRATES FOR FIXED FIREEXTINGUISHING
SYSTEMS
1 GENERAL
ER
1.1 Application
ST
These guidelines apply to the foam concentrates for fixed highexpansion foam fireextinguishing systems referred to
in SOLAS regulation II2/9.
GI
1.2 Definitions
RE
For the purpose of these Guidelines the following definitions apply.
AN
(a) Foam (fire fighting): an aggregate of air filled bubbles formed from an aqueous solution of a suitable foam
concentrate.
RE
(b) Foam solution: a solution of foam concentrate and water.
KO
(c) Foam concentrate: the liquid which, when mixed with water in the appropriate concentration, gives a foam
solution.
(d) Expansion ratio: the ratio of the volume of foam to the volume of foam solution from which it was made.
(e) Spreading coefficient: a measurement of the ability of one liquid to spontaneously spread across another.
(f) 25% (50%) drainage time: the time for 25% (50%) of the liquid content of a foam to drain out.
(g) Gentle application: application of foam to the surface of a liquid fuel via a backboard, tank wall or other surface.
(h) Sediment: insoluble particles in the foam concentrate.
2 SAMPLING PROCEDURE
The sampling method should ensure representative samples which should be stored in filled containers.
The sample size should be:
30 litres for type tests (see Section 3)
2 litres for periodical controls (see Section 4).
3 TESTS FOR TYPE APPROVAL OF FOAM CONCENTRATES
For foam concentrate type approval, the tests under paragraphs 3.1 3.10 should be performed. They should be
carried out at laboratories acceptable to the Administration.
3.1 Freezing and thawing
3.1.1 Before and after temperature conditioning in accordance with 3.1.2, the foam concentrate should show no
visual sign of stratification, nonhomogeneity or sedimentation.
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3.1.2 Freezing and thawing test
(a) Apparatus:
freezing chamber, capable of achieving temperatures required as stated in (b.1);
polyethylene tube, approximately 10 mm diameter, 400 mm long and sealed and weighted at one end, with
suitable spacers attached. Figure 1 shows a typical form;
500 mL cylinder approximately 400 mm high and 65 mm diameter.
(b) Procedure:
(b.1) Set the temperature of the freezing chamber to a temperature which is 10 °C below the freezing point of
the sample measured in accordance with BS 5117: Section 1.3 (excluding 5.2 in the standard). To prevent the
glass measuring cylinder from breaking, due to expansion of the foam concentrate on freezing, insert the tube
into the measuring cylinder, sealed end downward, weighted if necessary to avoid flotation, the spacers
ensuring it remains approximately on the central axis of the cylinder. Place the sample in the cylinder in the
chest, cool and maintain at the required temperature for 24 h. At the end of this period thaw the sample for not
less than 24 h and not more than 96 h in an ambient temperature of 2025 °C.
(b.2) Repeat (b.1) three times to give four cycles of freezing and thawing.
(b.3) Examine the sample for stratification and nonhomogeneity.
(b.4) Condition the sample for 7 days at 60 °C followed by one day at room temperature.
3.2 Heat stability
ER
An unopened 20 litre container (or other standard shipping container) as supplied by the manufacturer from a
production batch should be maintained for 7 days at 60°C, followed by one day at room temperature. Following this
ST
conditioning, the foam liquid after agitating/stirring will be subjected to the fire test as per 3.8, and comply with the
requirements given in these guidelines.
GI
3.3 Sedimentation
RE
3.3.1 Any sediment in the concentrate prepared in accordance with Section 2 should be dispersible through a 180
㎛sieve, and the percentage volume of sediment should not be more than 0,25% when tested in accordance with
AN
3.3.2.
RE
3.3.2 The test should be carried out as follows:
KO
(a) Apparatus:
graduated centrifuge tubes;
centrifuge operating at 6000 +/ 100 ㎨;
180 micro m sieve complying with ISO 33101;
plastic wash bottle.
NOTE: A centrifuge and tubes complying with ISO 3734 are suitable.
(b) Procedure:
Centrifuge each sample for 10 min. Determine the volume of the sediment and determine the percentage of this
volume with respect to the centrifuged sample volume. Wash the contents of the centrifuge tube onto the sieve
and check that the sediment can or cannot be dispersed through the sieve by the jet from the plastic wash bottle.
NOTE: It is possible that the test method is not suitable for some nonNewtonian foam concentrates. In this case
an alternative method, to the satisfaction of the Administration, should be used so that compliance with this
requirement can be verified.
3.4 Kinematic viscosity
3.4.1 The test should be carried out according to ASTM D 44586 or ISO 3104. Kinematic viscosity should not
exceed 200 mm 2 /s.
3.4.2 The method for determining viscosity of nonNewtonian foam concentrates should be to the satisfaction of
the Administration.
3.5 Ph value
The pH of the foam concentrate prepared in accordance with Section 2 should be not less than 6.0 and not more than
9.5 at 20 +/ 2) °C.
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3.6 Expansion ratio
3.6.1 The test should be carried out according to paragraph 3.6.2, with sea water at about 20 °C. Simulated sea
water with the characteristics stated under 3.6.3 may be used. The expansion ratio obtained with the foam
generators used on board should be consistent with the expansion ratio obtained with the foam generators during
the fire test.
3.6.2 Determination of the expansion ratio
(a) Apparatus:
plastic collecting vessel of volume V, approximately 500 L and accurately known to +/ 5 L;
high expansion foammaking equipment which when tested with water has a flow rate of 6.1 +/ 0.1 L/min at a
nozzle pressure of (5.0 +/ 0.1) bar. An example for a suitable apparatus is given in document ISO 72032.
(b) Procedure:
(b.1) Wet the vessel internally and weigh it ( W 1). Set up the foam equipment and adjust the nozzle pressure
to give a flow rate of 6.1 L/min. With the discharge facility closed, collect foam in the vessel. As soon as the
vessel is full, stop collecting foam and strike the foam surface level with the rim. Weigh the vessel ( W 2).
During the filling operation, keep this discharge facility in the bottom of the vessel closed until the total weight
of the foam is determined.
(b.2) Calculate the expansion E from the equation:
ER
in which it is assumed that the density of the foam solution is 1.0 kg/L and where:
V is the vessel volume, in ml; ST
GI
W 1 is the mass of the empty vessel, in grammes;
RE
W 2 is the mass of the full vessel, in grammes.
AN
Assume that the density of the foam solution is 1.0 kg/L.
(b.3) Open the drainage facility and measure the 50% drainage time (see para3.7.1 hereinafter).
RE
Determine the drainage either by having the vessel on a scale and recording the weight loss, or by collecting
KO
the drained foam solution in a measuring cylinder. Care should be taken to ensure that there are no voids in the
foam collected in the vessel.
3.6.3 Simulated sea water may be made up by dissolving
25.0 g Sodium chloride (NaCl)
11.0 g Magnesium chloride (MgCl26H2O)
1.6 g Calcium chloride (CaCl22H2O)
4.0 g Sodium sulphate (Na2S04)
in each litre of potable water.
3.7 Drainage time
3.7.1 The drainage time should be determined, after having determined the expansion ratio, according to paragraph
3.6.2(b.3).
3.7.2 The test should be carried out with sea water at about 20°C. Simulated sea water with the characteristics
stated in 3.6.3 may be used.
3.7.3 Drainage time obtained with the foam generators used on board should be consistent with the drainage time
obtained with the foam generators during the fire test.
3.8 Fire tests
Fire tests should be carried out according to the following paragraphs 3.8.1 to 3.8.7.
NOTE: The fire tests of section 3.8 are more expensive and time consuming than the other tests of these guidelines.
It is recommended that fire tests should be carried out at the end of the test programme, so as to avoid expense of
unnecessary testing of foam concentrates which do not comply in other respects.
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3.8.1 Environmental conditions
Air temperature : (15 +/ 5) °C
Maximum wind speed : 3 m/s in proximity of the fire tray
3.8.2 Records
During the fire test, record the following:
indoor or outdoor test
air temperature
fuel temperature
water temperature0.
foam solution temperature
wind speed
extinction time.
3.8.3 Foam solution
(a) Prepare a foam solution, following the recommendations from the supplier for concentration, maximum
premix time, compatibility with the test equipment, avoiding contamination by other types of foam, etc.
ER
(b) The test should be carried out with sea water at about 20 °C. Simulated sea water with the characteristics
stated in 3.6.3 may be used.
3.8.4 Apparatus ST
GI
(a) Fire tray:
RE
Circular fire tray of steel with dimensions as follows:
AN
diameter at rim : (1,480 +/ 15) mm
RE
depth: (150 +/ 10) mm
KO
nominal thickness of steel wall: 2.5 mm
NOTE: The tray has an area of approximately 1.73 m².
(b) Foammaking equipment:
In accordance with subparagraph 3.6.2(a).
(c) Fire screens:
Fire screens of nominal 5 mm square metal mesh to form the nominal arrangement mentioned in subparagraph
3.8.6.
3.8.5 Fuel
Use an aliphatic hydrocarbon mixture with physical properties according to the following specification
distillation range : 84 °C105 °C
maximum difference between initial and final boiling points : 10 °C
maximum aromatic content: 1%
density at 15 °C : (707.5 +/ 2.5) kg/m³
temperature: about 20 °C
NOTE: Typical fuels meeting this specification are nheptane and certain solvent fractions sometimes referred to
as commercial heptane.
The Administration may require additional fire tests using an additional test fuel.
3.8.6 Test procedure
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(a) Place the tray directly on the ground and ensure that it is level. Add approximately 30 litres of sea water, or
simulated sea water with the characteristics stated in 3.6.3, and (55 +/ 5) litres of fuel, to give a nominal
freeboard of 100 mm.
(b) Place the net screens around the fire tray as shown in figure 2. Within 5 min ignite the fuel and allow it to burn
for a period of not less than 45 s. Commence foam generation with the foam generator some distance from the
fire. (60 +/ 5) s after full involvement move the foam generator to the opening between the net screen and apply
foam to the fire. Apply foam for a period of (120 +/ 2) s. Record the extinction time as the period from start of
foam application to extinction.
3.8.7 Permissible limits
extinction time: not more than 120 s
3.9 Corrosiveness
The storage container shall be compatible with its foam concentrate, throughout the service life of the foam, such that
the chemical and physical properties of the foam shall not deteriorate below the initial values accepted by the
Administration.
3.10 Volumic mass
According to ASTM D 129885.
4 PERIODICAL CONTROLS OF FOAM CONCENTRATES STORED ON BOARD
The attention of the Administration is drawn to the fact that particular installation conditions (excessive ambient
temperature, incomplete filling of the tank etc.) may lead to an abnormal aging of the concentrates. For the periodical
ER
control of foam concentrate the tests under paragraphs 4.1 4.5 should be performed. They should be carried out at
laboratories acceptable to the Administration.
ST
The deviations in the values obtained by these tests, in respect of those obtained during the type approval tests,
should be within ranges acceptable to the Administration. Tests under items 4.1, 4.3 and 4.4 should be carried out on
GI
samples maintained at 60 °C or 24 hours and subsequently cooled to the test temperature.
RE
4.1 Sedimentation
AN
According to paragraph 3.3 above.
4.2 pH value
RE
According to paragraph 3.5 above.
KO
4.3 Expansion ratio
According to paragraph 3.7 above.
4.4 Drainage time
According to paragraph 3.8 above.
4.5 Volumic mass
According to paragraph 3.10 above.
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ER
ST
GI
RE
AN
5 INTERVAL OF PERIODICAL CONTROLS
RE
The first periodical control of foam concentrates stored on board should be performed after a period of 3 years and,
KO
after that, every year.
A record of the age of the foam concentrates and of subsequent controls should be kept on board.
Disclaimer : Although all possible efforts have been made to ensure correctness and completeness of the information contained in this
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Title MSC Circulars / MSC/Circ.798
GUIDELINES FOR PERFORMANCE AND TESTING CRITERIA AND SURVEYS OF
MEDIUMEXPANSION CONCENTRATES FOR FIREEXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
1 The Maritime Safety Committee, at its sixtyeighth session, approved the guidelines for the performance and testing
criteria and surveys of mediumexpansion foam concentrates for fireextinguishing systems as contained in the annex.
2 Member Governments are recommended to ensure that tests for type approval and periodical control of the
mediumexpansion foam concentrates are performed in accordance with the attached guidelines.
ANNEX
1 GENERAL
1.1 Application
These guidelines apply to the foam concentrates for mediumexpansion foam fireextinguishing systems referred to
in SOLAS regulation II2/61.
1.2 Definitions
For the purpose of these Guidelines the following definitions apply:
ER
1.2.1 "Foam (fire fighting)": an aggregate of air filled bubbles formed from an aqueous solution of a suitable foam
concentrate;
1.2.2 "Foam solution": a solution of foam concentrate and water; ST
GI
1.2.3 "Foam concentrate": the liquid which, when mixed with water in the appropriate concentration, gives a foam
RE
solution;
1.2.4 "Expansion ratio": the ratio of the volume of foam to the volume of foam solution from which it was made;
AN
1.2.5 "Spreading coefficient": a measurement of the ability of one liquid to spontaneously spread across another;
RE
1.2.6 "25% (50%) drainage time": the time for 25% (50%) of the liquid content of a foam to drain out;
KO
1.2.7 "Gentle application": application of foam to the surface of a liquid fuel via a backboard, tank wall or other
surface;
1.2.8 "Sediment": insoluble particles in the foam concentrate.
2 SAMPLING PROCEDURE
2.1 The sampling method should ensure representative samples which should be stored in filled containers.
2.2 The sample size should be:
.1 30 litres for type tests (see Section 3)
.2 2 litres for periodical controls (see Section 4)
3 TESTS FOR TYPE APPROVAL OF FOAM CONCENTRATES
For foam concentrate type approval, the tests under paragraphs 3.1 to 3.10 should be performed. They should be
carried out at laboratories acceptable to the Administration.
3.1 Freezing and thawing
3.1.1 Before and after temperature conditioning in accordance with 3.1.2, the foam concentrate should show no
visual sign of stratification, nonhomogeneity or sedimentation.
3.1.2 Freeing and thawing test
.1 Apparatus:
.1 freezing chamber, capable of achieving temperatures required as stated in 2.1 below;
.2 polyethylene tube, approximately 10 mm diameter, 400 mm long and sealed and weighted at one end, with
suitable spacers attached (Figure 1 of MSC/Circ.582 shows a typical form.)
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.3 500 mL cylinder approximately 400 mm high and 65 mm diameter.
.2 Procedure:
.1 Set the temperature of the freezing chamber to a temperature which is 10 degrees C below the freezing
point of the sample measured in accordance with BS 5117: Section 1.3 (excluding 5.2 in the standard).
To prevent the glass measuring cylinder from breaking, due to expansion of the foam concentrate on freezing,
insert the tube into the measuring cylinder, sealed end downward, weighted if necessary to void floatation, the
spacers ensuring it remains approximately on the central axis of the cylinder. Place the sample in the cylinder
in the chest, cool and maintain at the required temperature for 24 hours. At the end of this period thaw the
sample for not less than 24 hours and not more than 96 hours in an ambient temperature of 2025 degrees C.
.2 Repeat .2.1 three times to give four cycles of freezing and thawing.
.3 Examine the sample for stratification and nonhomogeneity.
.4 Condition the sample for 7 days at 60 degrees C followed by one day at room temperature.
3.2 Heat stability
An unopened 20 litre container (or other standard shipping container) as supplied by the manufacturer from a
production batch should be maintained for 7 days at 60 degrees C, followed by one day at room temperature.
Following this conditioning, the foam liquid after agitating/stirring will be subjected to the fire test as per 3.8, and
comply with the requirements given in these guidelines.
3.3 Sedimentation
ER
3.3.1 Any sediment in the concentrate prepared in accordance with Section 2 should be dispersible through a 180
micro m sieve, and the percentage volume of sediment should not be more than 0.25% when tested in accordance
ST
with 3.3.2. GI
3.3.2 The test should be carried out as follows:
RE
.1 Apparatus:
.1 graduated centrifuge tubes;
AN
.2 centrifuge operating at 6000 +/ 100 m/s**2;
RE
.3 180 micro m sieve complying with ISO 33101;
KO
.4 plastic wash bottle.
NOTE : A centrifuge and tubes complying with ISO 3734 are suitable.
.2 Procedure:
Centrifuge each sample for 10 minutes. Determine the volume of the sediment and determine the percentage of
this volume with respect to the centrifuged sample volume. Wash the contents of the centrifuge tube onto the
sieve and check that the sediment can or cannot be dispersed through the sieve by the jet from the plastic wash
bottle.
NOTE : It is possible that the test method is not suitable for some nonNewtonian foam concentrates. In this case an
alternative method, to the satisfaction of the Administration, should be used so that compliance with this requirement
can be verified.
3.4 Kinematic viscosity
3.4.1 The test should be carried out according to ASTM D 44586 or ISO 3104. Kinematic viscosity should not
exceed 200 mm**2/s.
3.4.2 The method for determining viscosity of nonNewtonian foam concentrates should be to the satisfaction of
the Administration.
3.5 pH value
The pH value of the foam concentrate should be not less than 6.0 and not more than 10.0 at temperature of 20 +/ 2
degrees C.
3.6 Expansion ratio
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3.6.1 The test should be carried out in accordance with paragraph 3.6.2 with sea water at about 20 degrees C.
Simulated sea water with the characteristics stated under 3.6.3 may be used. The expansion ratio obtained with the
foam generators used on board should be consistent with the expansion ratio obtained with the foam generators
during the fire test.
3.6.2 Determination of the expansion ratio:
.1 Apparatus:
.1 plastic collecting vessel of volume V, approximately 200 L and accurately known to +/ 2 L;
(An example of suitable vessel is given in ISO 72032)
.2 mediumexpansion foammaking equipment which when tested with water has a flow rate not less than (3.0
+/ 0.1) L/min at a nozzle pressure of (5.0 +/ 0.1) bar.
(An example of suitable apparatus is given in ISO 72032).
.2 Procedure
.1 Wet the vessel internally and weight it (W1). Set up the foam equipment and adjust the nozzle pressure of
(5.0 +/ 0.1) bar. With the discharge facility closed, collect the foam in the vessel. As soon as the vessel is full,
stop collecting foam and strike the foam surface level with the rim. Weight the vessel (W2). During the filling
operation, keep the discharge facility in the bottom of the vessel closed until the total weight of the foam is
determined.
.2 Calculate the expansion E from the equation:
E = V/(W2 W1)
ER
where it is assumed that the density of the foam solution is 1.0 kg/L;
V is the vessel volume, in mL; ST
GI
W1 is the mass of the empty vessel, in grammes; and
RE
W2 is the mass of the full vessel, in grammes.
AN
.3 Open the drainage facility and measure the 50% drainage time (see paragraph 3.7.1 below).
RE
Determine the drainage either by having the vessel on a scale and recording the weight loss, or by collecting the
drained foam solution in a measuring cylinder.
KO
3.6.3 Simulated sea water may be made up by dissolving:
25.0 g Sodium chloride (NaCl)
11.0 g Magnesium chloride (MgCl2 6H2O)
1.6 g Calcium chloride (CaCl2 2H2O)
4.0 g Sodium sulphate (Na2SO4)
3.7 Drainage time
3.7.1 The drainage time should be determined, after having determined the expansion ratio, in accordance with
paragraph 3.6.2.3.
3.7.2 The test should be carried out with sea water at about 20 degrees C. simulated sea water with the
characteristics stated in 3.6.3 may be used.
3.7.3 Drainage time obtained with the foam generators used on board should be consistent with the drainage time
obtained with the foam generators during the fire test.
3.8 Fire tests
Fire tests should be carried out in accordance with the following paragraphs 3.8.1 3.8.7 below.
NOTE : The fire tests of section 3.8 are more expensive and time consuming than the other tests of these guidelines.
It is recommended that fire tests should be carried out at the end of the test programme, so as to avoid expense of
unnecessary testing of foam concentrates which do not comply in other respects.
3.8.1 Environmental conditions
.1 Air temperature: (15 +/ 5) degrees C
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.2 Maximum wind speed: 3 m/s in proximity of the fire tray.
Records
During the fire test, record the following:
.1 indoor or outdoor test
.2 air temperature
.3 fuel temperature
.4 water temperature
.5 foam solution temperature
.6 wind speed
.7 extinction time.
3.8.3 Foam solution
.1 Prepare a foam solution, following the recommendations from the supplier for concentration, maximum premix
time, compatibility with the test equipment, avoiding contamination by other types of foam, etc.
.2 The test should be carried out with sea water at about 20 degrees C. Simulated sea water with the
characteristics stated in 3.6.3 may be used.
3.8.4 Apparatus
ER
.1 Fire tray:
Circular fire tray of steel with dimensions as follows: ST
GI
diameter at rim: (1,480 +/ 15) mm
RE
depth (150 +/ 10) mm
AN
normal thickness of steel wall 2.5 mm
RE
NOTE : The tray has an area of approximately 1.73 m**2.
KO
.2 Foammaking equipment:
In accordance with subparagraph 3.6.2.1.
3.8.5 Fuel
Use an aliphatic hydrocarbon mixture with physical properties according to the following specification:
.1 distillation range 84105 degrees
.2 maximum difference between initial and boiling points 10 degrees C
.3 maximum aromatic content 1%
.4 density at 15 degrees (707.5 +/ 2.5) kg/m**3
.5 temperature about 20 degrees C.
NOTE : Typical fuels meeting this specification are nhepthane and certain solvent fractions sometimes referred to as
commercial hepthane.
The Administration may require additional fire tests using an additional test fuel.
3.8.6 Test procedure
3.8.6.1 Place the tray directly on the ground and ensure that it is level. Add approximately 30L of fresh water and
(55 +/ 2) L of fuel, to give a nominal freeboard of 100 mm.
3.8.6.2 Not later than 5 minutes after adding of a fuel, ignite the fuel and allow it to burn free for a period of not
less than 180 s after the full involvement. Set up the foam equipment at a height which is equal to the upper edge
of the rim as it is shown at figure 1. 200 +/5 s after full involvement of the surface into the fire, apply foam along
the wall of the tray for a period of 120 +/ 2 s. Record the extinction time as the period from start of foam
application to extinction.
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3.8.7 Permissible limits
Extinction time % not more than 120 s.
3.9 Corrosiveness
The storage container shall be compatible with its foam concentrate, throughout the service life of the foam, such that
the chemical and physical properties of the foam shall not deteriorate below the initial values accepted by the
Administration.
3.10 Volumic mass
According to ASTMD 129885.
4 PERIODICAL CONTROLS OF FOAM CONCENTRATES STORED ON BOARD
The attention of the Administration is drawn to the fact that particular installation conditions (excessive ambient
temperature, incomplete filling of the tank etc.) may lead to an abnormal ageing of the concentrates. For the periodical
control of foam concentrate the tests under paragraphs 4.1 to 4.5 should be performed. They should be carried out at
laboratories acceptable to the Administration. The deviations in the values obtained by these tests, in respect of those
obtained during the type approval tests, should be within ranges acceptable to the Administration. Tests under items
4.1, 4.3 and 4.4 should be carried out on samples maintained at 60 degrees C for 24 hours and subsequently cooled
to the test temperature.
4.1 Sedimentation
According to paragraph 3.3 above.
ER
4.2 pH value
According to paragraph 3.5 above.
4.3 Expansion ratio ST
GI
RE
According to paragraph 3.6 above.
4.4 Drainage time
AN
According to paragraph 3.7 above.
RE
4.5 Volumic mass
KO
According to paragraph 3.10 above.
5 INTERVALS OF PERIODICAL CONTROLS
The first periodical control of foam concentrates stored on board should be performed after a period of 3 years and,
after that, every year. A record of the age of the foam concentrates and of subsequent controls should be kept on
board.
Figure 1 Fire test arrangement of medium expansion foam
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Title MSC Circulars / MSC.1/Circ.1312
Note Supersedes MSC/Circ.582, MSC/Circ.582/Corr.1 and MSC/Circ.799
MSC.1/Circ.1312
10 June 2009
REVISED GUIDELINES FOR THE PERFORMANCE AND TESTING
CRITERIA, AND SURVEYS OF FOAM CONCENTRATES FOR FIXED FIRE
EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
1 The Maritime Safety Committee, at its sixtieth session (6 to 10 April 1992), approved Guidelines for the performance
and testing criteria, and surveys of lowexpansion foam concentrates for fixed fireextinguishing systems
(MSC/Circ.582).
2 The Committee, at its sixtyeighth session (28 May to 6 June 1997), approved Guidelines for the performance and
testing criteria, and surveys of expansion foam concentrates for fixed fireextinguishing systems of chemical tankers
(MSC/Circ.799).
3 T h e S u bCommittee on Fire Protection, at its fiftythird session (16 to 20 February 2009) reviewed the
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aforementioned Guidelines and made amendments to the test methods for both types of foam concentrates which
combined the test procedure into one document.
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4 The Committee, at its eightysixth session (27 May to 5 June 2009), after having considered the above proposal by
the SubCommittee on Fire Protection, at its fiftythird session, approved the Revised Guidelines for the performance
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and testing criteria, and surveys of foam concentrates for fixed fireextinguishing systems, as set out in the annex.
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5 Member Governments are invited to apply the annexed Guidelines when approving foam concentrates for fixed fire
extinguishing systems onboard tankers and chemical tankers and bring them to the attention of ship designers,
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shipowners, equipment manufacturers, test laboratories and other parties concerned.
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6 This circular supersedes MSC/Circ.582 and Corr.1, and MSC/Circ.799. Type approvals conducted in accordance with
the aforementioned Guidelines should remain valid until 1 July 2012.
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***
ANNEX
REVISED GUIDELINES FOR THE PERFORMANCE AND TESTING CRITERIA, AND
SURVEYS OF FOAM CONCENTRATES FOR FIXED FIREEXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
1 GENERAL
1.1 Application
These Guidelines apply to the foam concentrates used for fixed deck foam fireextinguishing systems required for
tankers by SOLAS regulations II2/10.8 and chapter 14 of the International Code for Fire Safety Systems (FSS Code),
and chemical tankers as specified by SOLAS regulation II2/1.6.2.1.2 and the International Code for the Construction
and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code). These Guidelines also apply to foam
concentrates for fixed foam fireextinguishing systems in machinery spaces according to chapter 6 of the FSS Code
and to portable foam applicators according to chapter 4 of the FSS Code. These Guidelines do not apply to the foam
generating equipment, only the foam concentrate.
1.2 Definitions
For the purpose of these Guidelines, the following definitions apply:
1.2.1 Foam (fire fighting) is an aggregate of air filled bubbles formed from an aqueous solution of suitable foam
concentrate.
1.2.2 Foam solution is a solution of foam concentrate and water.
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1.2.3 Foam concentrate is a liquid which, when mixed with water in the appropriate concentration, gives a foam
solution.
1.2.4 Expansion ratio is the ratio of the volume of foam to the volume of foam solution from which it was made.
1.2.5 Spreading coefficient is a measurement of the ability of one liquid to spontaneously spread across another.
1.2.6 25% (50%) drainage time is the time for 25% (50%) of the liquid content of a foam to drain out.
1.2.7 Gentle application is the application of foam to the surface of a liquid fuel via a backboard, tank wall or surface.
1.2.8 Sediment is insoluble particles in the foam concentrate.
1.2.9 Aqueous filmforming foam concentrate (AFF) is a foam concentrate based on a mixture of hydrocarbon and
fluorinated surface active agents.
1.2.10 Alcohol?resistant foam concentrate (AR) is a foam concentrate that is resistant to breakdown when applied to
the surface of alcohol or other polar solvents.
1.2.11 Filmforming fluoroprotein foam concentrate (FFFP) is a foam concentrate which has the ability to form an
aqueous film on the surface of some hydrocarbons.
1.2.12 Fluoroprotein foam concentrate (FP) is a protein foam concentrate with added fluorinated surface active
agents.
1.2.13 Protein foam concentrate (P) is a foam concentrate made from hydrolyzed protein materials.
1.2.14 Synthetic foam concentrate (S) is a foam concentrate based on a mixture of hydrocarbon surface active
agents and which may contain fluorocarbons with additional stabilizers.
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1.2.15 Type A foam concentrates are alcoholresistant or multipurpose foam concentrates.
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1.2.16 Type B foam concentrates are all regular type foam concentrates that are not alcoholresistant, including
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fluoroprotein and aqueous filmforming (AFF) foam concentrates.
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2 SAMPLING PROCEDURE
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The sampling method should ensure representative samples which should be stored in filled containers.
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The sample size should be:
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.1 2 x 20 l containers (or other standard shipping containers) for type tests (see section 3); and
.2 2 l for periodical controls (see section 4).
3 TESTS FOR TYPE APPROVAL OF FOAM CONCENTRATES
For foam concentrate type approval, the tests under paragraphs 3.1 to 3.14 below should be performed by the foam
concentrate manufacturer at laboratories acceptable to the Administration.
3.1 Freezing and thawing
3.1.1 Before and after temperature conditioning in accordance with paragraph 3.1.2 below, the foam concentrate
should show no visual sign of stratification, nonhomogeneity or sedimentation.
3.1.2 Freezing and thawing test:
.1 apparatus:
.1 freezing chamber, capable of achieving temperatures required, as stated in paragraph 3.1.2.2.1 below;
.2 polyethylene tube, approximately 10 mm diameter, 400 mm long and sealed and weighted at one end, with
suitable spacers attached. Figure 1 shows a typical form; and
.3 500 ml cylinder, approximately 400 mm high and 65 mm in diameter.
.2 procedure:
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.1 set the temperature of the freezing chamber to a temperature which is 10ºC below the freezing point of the
sample measured in accordance with standard BS 5117, section 1.3 (excluding 5.2 in the standard). To prevent
the glass measuring cylinder from breaking, due to expansion of the foam concentrate on freezing, insert the
tube into the measuring cylinder, sealed end downward, weighted if necessary to avoid flotation, and the spacers
ensuring it remains approximately on the central axis of the cylinder. Place the cylinder with the sample in the
chest, cool it and maintain at the required temperature for 24 h. At the end of this period, thaw the sample for not
less than 24 h and not more than 96 h in an ambient temperature of 20 to 25°C;
.2 repeat the procedure described in the above subparagraph three times to give four cycles of freezing and
thawing; and
.3 condition the sample for seven days at 60°C followed by one day at room temperature. The sample shall then
be examined for visual signs of stratification, nonhomogeneity or sedimentation.
3.2 Heat stability
An unopened 20 l container (or other standard shipping container), as supplied by the manufacturer from a production
batch, should be maintained for seven days at 60ºC, followed by one day at room temperature. Following this
conditioning, the foam liquid after agitating/stirring will be subjected to the fire test as per subsection 3.9. Only fire tests
as per subsection 3.9 should be performed with the heat conditioned sample.
3.3 Sedimentation
3.3.1 Any sediment in the concentrate prepared in accordance with section 2 should be dispersible through a 180 μm
sieve, and the percentage volume of sediment should not be more than 0.25% when tested in accordance with
paragraph 3.3.2 below.
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3.3.2 The test should be carried out as follows:
.1 apparatus:
.1 graduated centrifuge tubes; ST
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.2 centrifuge operating at 6,000 ± 100 m/s²;
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.3 180 μm sieve complying with standard ISO 33101; and
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.4 plastic wash bottle.
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Note: a centrifuge and tubes complying with standard ISO 3734 are suitable; and
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.2 procedure: centrifuge each sample for 10 min. Determine the volume of the sediment and determine the
percentage of this volume with respect to the centrifuged sample volume. Wash the contents of the centrifuge tube
onto the sieve and check that the sediment can or cannot be dispersed through the sieve by the jet from the plastic
wash bottle.
Note: It is possible that the test method is not suitable for some nonNewtonian foam concentrates. In this case an
alternative method, to the satisfaction of the Administration, should be used so that compliance with this
requirement can be verified.
3.4 Kinematic viscosity
3.4.1 The test should be carried out according to standard ASTM D 44586 or ISO 3104. Kinematic viscosity should
not exceed 200 mm²/s.
3.4.2 The method for determining viscosity of nonNewtonian foam concentrates or kinematic viscosity exceeding
200 mm2/s should be to the satisfaction of the Administration. A suitable method is described in standard EN 1568.
3.5 pH value
The pH of the foam concentrate prepared in accordance with section 2 should be not less than 6 and not more than
9.5 at 20 ± 2°C.
3.6 Film formation of the foam solution (if applicable)
3.6.1 The spreading coefficient should be determined using the following formula:
S = Tc Ts Ti
where:
S is the spreading coefficient;
Tc is the surface tension of cyclohexane (N/m);
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Ts is the surface tension of the foam solution (N/m);
Ti is the interfacial tension between the foam solution and cyclohexane (N/m).
Tc, Ts and Ti should be determined according to paragraph 3.6.2 below.
The spreading coefficient S should be greater than 0.
3.6.2 Determination of Tc, Ts and Ti
.1 materials:
.1 solution of foam concentrate, at the recommended usage concentration in distilled water complying with
standard ISO 3696; and
Note: The solution may be made up in a 100 ml volumetric flask using a pipette to measure the foam
concentrate.
.2 for Tc and Ti , cyclohexane of purity not less than 99%;
.2 procedures for surface tension: determine Ts at a temperature of 20 ± 2ºC using the ring or plate method of
standard ISO 304; and
.3 procedure for interfacial tension: after measuring the surface tension in accordance with subparagraph .2 above,
introduce a layer of cyclohexane at 20 ± 2°C onto the foam solution, being careful to avoid contact between the ring
or plate and the cyclohexane. Wait 6 ± 1 min and measure Ti .
3.7 Expansion ratio
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3.7.1 The test should be carried out according to paragraph 3.7.2 with simulated seawater at about 20°C having the
characteristics stated in paragraph 3.7.3.
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3.7.2 Determination of the expansion ratio
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.1 apparatus:
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.1 plastic collecting vessel of volume V, known to ± 16 ml, as shown in figure 2, equipped with a bottom discharge
facility;
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.2 foam collector, as shown in figure 3; and
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.3 foam making equipment with nozzle, as shown in figure 4, which when tested with water has a flow rate of 11.4
l/min at a nozzle pressure of 6.3 ± 0.3 bar;
.2 procedure:
.1 check that the pipe work and hose from the foam solution tank to the nozzle is completely full of solution. Set up
the nozzle horizontally directly in front of the foam collector with the front of the nozzle 3 ± 0.3 m from the top edge
of the collector. Wet the vessel internally and weigh it (W1). Set up the foam equipment and adjust the nozzle
pressure to give a flow rate of 11.4 l/min. Discharge the foam and adjust the height of the nozzle so that the
discharge strikes the collector centrally. Keep the nozzle horizontal. Stop the foam discharge and rinse all foam
from the collector. Check that the foam solution tank is full. Start discharging the foam and after 30 ± 5 s to allow the
discharge to stabilize, place the collecting vessel, with the discharge outlet closed, on the collector. As soon as the
vessel is full, remove it from the collector, strike the foam surface level with the rim and start the clock. Weigh the
vessel (W2);
.2 calculate the expansion E from the equation:
in which it is assumed that the density of the foam solution is 1 and where:
V is the vessel volume in ml;
W 1 is the mass of the empty vessel in grams;
W 2 is the mass of the full vessel in grams; and
.3 open the drainage facility and collect the foam solution in the measuring cylinder to measure the 25% drainage
time (see paragraph 3.8.1 below).
3.7.3 Simulated sea water may be made up by dissolving in 0.9584 kg of potable water:
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25 g Sodium chloride (NaCl);
11 g Magnesium chloride (MgCl2 6 H2O);
1.6 g Calcium chloride (CaCl2 2H2O);
4 g Sodium sulphate (Na2 SO4).
3.8 Drainage time
3.8.1 The drainage time should be determined according to paragraph 3.7.2.3 above, after having determined the
expansion ratio.
3.8.2 The test should be carried out with simulated seawater at about 20ºC having the characteristics stated in
paragraph 3.7.3 above.
3.9 Fire tests
Fire tests should be carried out according to paragraphs 3.9.1 to 3.9.7.
Note: The fire tests of this subsection 3.9 are more expensive and time consuming than the other tests of these
Guidelines. It is recommended that fire tests should be carried out at the end of the test programme, so as to avoid the
expense of unnecessary testing of foam concentrates which do not comply in other respects.
3.9.1 Environmental conditions:
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.1 air temperature 15 ± 5°C;
.2 fuel temperature 17.5 ± 2.5°C;
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.3 water temperature 17.5 ± 2.5°C;
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.4 foam solution temperature 17.5 ± 2.5°C; and
.5 maximum wind speed 3 m/s in proximity of the fire tray.
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Note: If necessary, some form of windscreen may be used.
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3.9.2 Observations during the fire test:
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During the fire test, record the following:
.1 indoor or outdoor test;
.2 air temperature;
.3 fuel temperature;
.4 water temperature;
.5 foam solution temperature;
.6 wind speed;
.7 extinction time; and
.8 25% burnback time.
Note: Burnback time may either be determined visually by an experienced person or may be determined from thermal
radiation measurements (a suitable method is described in standard EN 1568).
3.9.3 Foam solution:
.1 prepare a foam solution following the recommendations from the supplier for concentration, maximum premix time,
compatibility with the test equipment, avoiding contamination by other types of foam, etc; and
.2 the test should be carried out with simulated sea water at about 20ºC having the characteristics stated in paragraph
3.7.3 above.
3.9.4 Apparatus:
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.1
fire tray: square tray with the following dimensions:
area 4.5 m²;
depth 200 mm;
thickness of steel wall 2.5 mm;
with a vertical steel backboard 1 ± 0.05 m high and 1 ± 0.05 m long;
.2 foam making equipment: in accordance with paragraph 3.7.2.1 for type B foam concentrates. For type A foam
concentrates, the foam application rate should be as determined by the manufacturer, up to a total of three nozzles in
accordance with paragraph 3.7.2.1;
.3
burnback pot: circular burnback pot with the following dimensions:
diameter 300 ± 5 mm;
height 150 ± 5 mm;
thickness of steel wall 2.5 mm.
3.9.5 Fuel
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3.9.5.1 For type B foams, use an aliphatic hydrocarbon mixture with physical properties according to the following
specification:
distillation range 84°C to 105°C;
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maximum difference between initial and
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final boiling points 10°C;
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maximum aromatic content 1%;
density at 15°C 707.5 ± 2.5 kg/m³;
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temperature about 20°C.
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Note: Typical fuels meeting this specification are nheptane and certain solvent fractions sometimes referred to as
commercial heptane.
The Administration may require additional fire tests using an additional test fuel.
3.9.5.2 For type A foams, acetone and isopropyl alcohol should be used as the standard test fuels. However, the
Administration may require additional fire tests using different test fuels for watermiscible cargoes that require a
higher foam application rate than acetone. Impurities for all type A fuels should not exceed 1%.
3.9.6 Test procedure:
.1 place the tray directly on the ground and ensure that it is level. If using heptane, add approximately 90 l of simulated
sea water having the characteristics stated in paragraph 3.7.3, and check that the base of the tray is completely
covered. Set up the foam nozzle horizontally, about 1 m above the ground in a position where the central part of the
foam discharge will strike the centre axis of the backboard, 0.35 ± 0.1 m above the rim of the tray (gentle application).
Add 144 ± 5 l of fuel, to give a nominal freeboard of 150 mm. If using acetone or isopropyl alcohol, add 234 ± 5 l of
fuel directly into the tray, without water, to give a nominal freeboard of 150 mm;
.2 ignite the tray not more than 5 min after adding the fuel and allow it to burn for a period of 60 ± 5 s after full
involvement of the surface of the fuel, then start foam application; and
.3 apply foam for 300 ± 2 s. Stop foam application and after a further 300 ± 10 s place the burnback pot, containing 2
± 0.1 l of fuel in the centre of the tray and ignite. Visually estimate when 25% of the tray is covered by sustained
flames or by “flare up” flames (see Note below), ignoring any faint, barely visible, or transient flames.
Note: During the burnback test, a “flare up” may occur, in which large flames may be sustained for periods typically
from 30 s to 3 min before decreasing in intensity.
3.9.7 Permissible limits:
.1 extinction time: not more than 5 min; and
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.2 burnback time: not less than 15 min for 25% of the surface.
3.10 Corrosiveness
The storage container should be compatible with its foam concentrate throughout the service life of the foam such
that the chemical and physical properties of the foam should not deteriorate below the initial values accepted by the
Administration.
3.11 Volumic mass
According to standard ASTM D 129885.
3.12 Batch certificate
The foam concentrate should be delivered with a declaration of the main characteristics (sedimentation, pH value,
expansion ratio, drainage time and volumetric mass). The declaration should be issued by the maker and will be the
basis for the annual condition test.
3.13 Foam concentrate container marking
Each foam concentrate container should be marked with complete information needed to identify the liquid and
confirm its intended use. As a minimum, the following information should be included:
.1 name and address of manufacturer;
.2 product designation;
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.3 type of foam (synthetic, proteinbased, etc.);
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.4 intended use (regular or alcoholresistant); GI
.5 batch number and reference to batch certificate;
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.6 date of manufacture;
.7 expiry date;
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.8 reference to test standard and approvals;
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.9 recommended usage concentration;
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.10 indication if seawater compatible;
.11 maximum and minimum storage temperature;
.12 required onboard storage tank materials (steel, stainless steel, FRP, etc.);
.13 quantity of foam concentrate;
.14 indication of film forming capability; and
.15 safety, health and environmental information.
3.14 Reference test and annual periodic retest for proteinbased alcoholresistant foam concentrates
Proteinbased alcoholresistant foam concentrates should be required to demonstrate manufacturing consistency
through an annual smallscale test at a recognized test laboratory. The reference test should be performed at the
same time and at the same recognized laboratory as the fullscale test defined in subsection 3.9.
The concentrate should be tested according to standards ISO 72033 Annex C, EN 15684 Annex I, SP Method
2580 or another standard acceptable to the Administration. The reference test and annual test should be carried out
to the same standard.
The concentrate is deemed to fail the test if the results from the annual small scale test indicate significant changes in
the foam quality compared to the reference test.
4 PERIODICAL CONTROLS OF FOAM CONCENTRATES STORED ON BOARD
The attention of the Administration is drawn to the fact that particular installation conditions (excessive ambient storage
temperature, contamination of the foam concentrate, incomplete filling of the tank, etc.) may lead to an abnormal
ageing of the concentrates.
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For periodical control of foam concentrates, the tests under paragraphs 4.1 to 4.7 should be performed by the
shipowner or operator. They should be carried out at laboratories or authorized service suppliers acceptable to the
Administration.
The deviations in the values obtained by these tests, in respect of those obtained during the type approval tests,
should be within the ranges acceptable to the Administration.
Tests under paragraphs 4.1, 4.3 and 4.4 should be carried out on samples maintained at 60ºC for 24 h and
subsequently cooled to the test temperature.
4.1 Sedimentation
According to paragraph 3.3 above.
4.2 pH value
According to paragraph 3.5 above.
4.3 Expansion ratio
According to paragraph 3.7 above.
4.4 Drainage time
According to paragraph 3.8 above.
4.5 Volumic mass
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According to paragraph 3.11 above.
4.6 Small scale fire test for proteinbased alcoholresistant foam concentrates ST
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According to paragraph 3.14 above.
4.7 Chemical stability test for proteinbased alcoholresistant foam concentrates
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Proteinbased alcoholresistant foam concentrates should be subjected to a stability test with acetone. A foam
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solution should be prepared at the approved concentration and gently applied to the surface of a tray containing
acetone. The concentrate is deemed to fail the test if the foam solution mixes with the acetone.
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5 INTERVALS OF PERIODIC CONTROLS
Except for tests in accordance with paragraph 4.7 the first periodical control of foam concentrates should be
performed not more than 3 years after being supplied to the ship, and after that, every year. The tests required by
paragraph 4.7 should be performed prior to delivery to the ship and annually thereafter.
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Figure 1 Typical form of polyethylene tube
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Figure 2 Collecting vessel for determination of expansion and drainage time
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Figure 3 Foam collector for expansion and drainage measurement
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Note: Suitable materials for the collection surface are stainless steel, aluminium, brass or plastics
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Figure 4 Foam making nozzle
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