EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 13530-2 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM September 2002 Ie 23.020.40 English version Cryogenic vessels - Large transportable vacuum-insulated vessels Part 2: Design, fabrication, inspection and testing Aécipients cryogéniques~ Grands __Kryo-Behalter~ Groe ortsbeweg- récipients transportables, isolés sous _liche, vakuum-isolierte Behalter — vide~ Partie 2: Conception, fabrica- Tell 2: Bemessung, Herstellung und tion, contréie et essai Prafung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2002-05-29. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/GENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standaré the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national stand- ards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German}. Aversion in any other language made by transiation under the responsibilty of ‘CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Gentre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzer- land, and the United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europaisches Komitee fur Normung Management Centre: rue de Stassart 96, B-1050 Brussels © 2002. CEN - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means: Ret. No. EN 19590-22002 © reserved worldwide for CEN national members. Sivas use Hence ony. Copying on te42 Common design requirements. 43 Design by catculation..... SA 52 83 54 . 5.5 Manufacturing tolerances . 8.6 Welding ran 5.7 Non-wolded joints. ‘Annex B (normative) Additfonal requirements for 9 % Ni stee! ieee ‘Annex C (normative) Pressure strengthening of vessels from austenitic stainless steels. Annex D (informative) Specific weld details. ‘Annex E (normative) Increased material property for austenitic stalni Annex F (informative) Outer jacket ralief devices..Foreword ‘This document EN 13530-2:2002 has been prepared by Techrical Committee CENITC 268 “Cryogeric vessels", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Tris European Standard shail be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2003. ‘The European Standard has been submitted for reference into the RID and/or in the technical annexes of the ADR. ‘Therefore the standards listed in the normative references and covering basic requirements of the RID/ADR not addressed within the present standard ara normative only when the standards themselves are referred to in the RID andor in the technical annexes of the ADR. EN 19530 consists of the foliowing parts under the general ile, Cryogenic vessels ~ Large transportable vacuum insulated vessels: — Part 1: Fundamental requirements — Part 2: Design, fabrication, inspection and testing — Part 3: Operational requirements ‘The annexes A, D and F are informative, the annexes B, C and E are normative. ‘According to the CEN/CENELEC intemal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following ‘countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Gresce, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, ‘Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. eqns fo lt ayduluek lovey [ANSI Sto andor AX2"91H7 Dovwnlntd 19:43/20 Sing user license cely. Cepyne a etPage 4 EN 19530-2 : 2002 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements for the design, fabrication, inspection and testing of large transportable vacuum insulated cryogenic vessels of more than 1 000 | volume, which are permanently (fxed tanks) or not permanently (demountable tanks) attached to a vehicle for carriage by road. However, it can be used for other mode of transport providing the specific regulationsirequirements are complied with ‘This European Standard applies to large transportable vacuum ingulated cryogenic vessels for fuids specified in EN 13530-1:2002 and does not apply to vessels designed for toxic fluids. ‘This European Standard does not include the general vehicle requirements e.g. running gear, brakes, lighting etc. that should be in accordance with the relevant standards/regulations. 2 Normative references ‘This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited et the appropriate places inthe tex, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent arrendments to or revisions of any of these publications epply to this European ‘Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest ecition of the publican referred to apptes (including amendment). EN 287-1:1992, Approval testing of welders - Fusion welding - Part 1: Steels. EN 287-2:1992, Approval testing of welders - Fusion welding - Part 2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. EN 288-3:1992, Specification and approval of walding procedures for metallic materials - Part 3: Welding procedure tests for the arc walding of steels. EN 288-4:1992, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metalic materials - Part 4: Welding procedure tests for the arc welding of aluminium and its alloys. EN 288-8:1992, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials - Part 8: Approval by 8 pro- ‘production welding test. EN 473:2000, Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personne! - General principles. EN 875:1995, Destructive teste on welds in metallic materials - impact tests - Test specimen location, notch ‘orientation and examination. EN 695:1995, Destructive tests on welds in metalic materials - Transverse tensile test EN 910:1996, Destructive fasts on welds in metallic materials - Bend tests. EN 1252+41:1998, Cryogenic vessels - Materials - Part 1: Toughness raquirements for temperatures below -80 °C. EN 1252-2:2001, Cryogenic vessels - Materials - Part 2; Toughness requirements for temperatures between ~80 °C and -20 °C. EN 1418:1997, Welding personnel ~ Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and resistance weld setters for fully mechanised and automalic welding of metallic materials. EN 1435:1997, Non-destructive examination of weld — Radiographic examination of welded joints. EN 1626:1999, Cryogenic vessels - Valves for cryogenic service, EN 1797:2001, Cryogenic vessals - Gasimaterial compatibiltPages EN 13520-2 : 2002 EN 10028-4:1994, Fiat products made of steels for pressure purposes ~ Part 4: Nickel alloy steels with specified law temperature properties. EN 10028-7:2000, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 7: Stainless Steels. EN 12300:1998, Cryogenic vessels - Cleanliness for cryogenic service. EN ISO 6520-1:1998, Welding and allied processes - Classification of geometrical imperfections in metalic ‘materials — Part 1: Fusion welding (ISO 6520-1:1998) EN 13068-3:2001, Non-destructive testing — Radioscopic testing — Part 3: Generdi principles of radioscopic testing (of metallic materials by X- and gamma rays. prEN 19445-3:1999, Unfired pressure vessols - Part 3: Design. EN 13590-1:2002, Cryogenic vessels - Large vacuum insulated vessels - Part 1: Fundamental requirements. prEN 13648-3:2001, Cryogenic vessels — Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure ~ Part 3: Determination of required discharge capacity and sizing for relief devices. 180 1106-1:1984, Recommended practice for radiographic examination of fusion welded joints - Part 1: Fusion welded butt joints in steel plates up to 50 mm thick 3. Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms, definitions and symbols apply. 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply in addition to those given in part 1 of this standard. 344 large transportable vacuum insulated vessel vessel of more than 1 000 | volume intended for one or more cryogenic fuids, consisting of an inner vessel, an ‘oul jacket, all of the valves and accessories and additional framework 3a2 fixed tank (tank vehicle) large transportable vessel permanently attached to a vehicle orto units of running gear used in ts stead 34.3 demountable tank large transportable vessel non permanently attached to a vehicle. When attached to the carrier vehicle, the demountable tank meets the requirements prescribed for a fixed tank. It is designed to be lifted only when empty Pressure vessel proper intended to contain the cryogenic ftuld 34.5 outer jacket {gas-tight enclosure which contains the inner vessel and onables a vacuum to be established 34.6 automatic welding welding in which the parameters are automatically controlled. Some of these parameters may be adjusted to a limited extent, either manually or automaticaly, during welding to maintain the specified welding conditions, tyne ltr Toyetur tye 098.2589Pages EN 13830-2 : 2002 3a7 ‘maximum allowable pressure, p, maximum pressure for which the equipment Is designed, as specified by the manufacturer, defined at a location specified by the manufacturer, being the location of connection of protecting of limited devices or the top of the equipment 318 relief plate/plug Plato or plug retained by atmospheric pressure only which allows relief of excess intemal pressure 3 bursting dise device non-reclosing pressure relief device ruptured by differential pressure. It is the complete assembly of installed ‘components including where appropriate the bursting disc hoider 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of this European Standard, the folowing symbols appiy. © allowance for corrosion mm 4 design pressure as defined in 4.3.2.2 bar Pe allowable external pressure limited by elastic bucking bar m strengthening pressure bar P allowable external pressure limited by plastic deformation ber Pr pressure test (see 4.2.3.2) bar r radius e.g. inside knuckle radus of dished end and cones mmm : minimum thickness. mm % ctual wall thickness mm y factor inicetive ofthe utlisation ofthe permissible design stress in joints of factor allowing for weakenings : : (decay-length zone) distance over which governing stress is assumed to act = mm 4 cross sectional area of reinforcing element nm? ce design factors - > shell diameter mmPage? EN 13520-2 : 2002 on outside diameter @. of a cylindrical shell rm >, Intemel diameter e.g. ofa cylindrical shell om E ‘Young's modulus Nerwn? ’ moment of inertia of reinforcing element rat R apparent yleld stress or 0,2 % proof stress (1 % proof stress for austenitic steel) Nimm? mn ‘minimum tensile strength (actual or guaranteed) Nm? K material property used for design Nim? R radius of curvature 6.9 inside crown radius of dished ond mim s safety factor at design pressure, in relation with Re 7 S sofoty factor against elastic buckling at design pressure : 7 safoty factor against plastic deformation - z unitary value : v Poisson's ratio - . out of roundness 7 4. Design 4.4 Design options 444 General ‘The design shall be carried out in accordance with one of the options given in 4.1.2, 4.1.3 oF 4.1.4 Metallic materials used at cryogenic temperatures shall meet the requirements of the relevant sections of EN 1252-1:1998 or EN 1252-2:2001. Inthe case of 9 % Ni stee!, the additional requirements of annex B shall be satisfied. 4412. Design by calculation Calculation of all pressure and load bearing components shall be caried out. The pressure pat thicknesses of the inner vessel and outer jacket shal not be less than required by 4.3. Additional calculations may be required to ensure the design is satisfactory for tho operating conditions including an allowance for dynamic loads. 41.3. Design by calculation and pressure strengthening The pressure retaining capability of Inner vessels manufactured from austenitic stainless ste strengthened by pressure, shail be calculated in accordance with annex C.Pages EN 13830-; 2002 4.44 Design by calculation supplemented with experimental methods Where itis not possible to dasign by calculation alone planned and controlled experimental means may be wsed providing that the results confirm the safety factors required in 4.3. An example would be the application of sain gauges to assess stress levels. 4.2 Common design requirements 424 General The requirements of 4.2.2 to 4.2.7 are applicable to all vessels inespectve of the design option used. In the event of an increase in at least one of the following parameters: — maximum allowable pressur — specific mass (density) ofthe densest gas for which the vessel is designed; — maximum tare weight of the inner vessel; — nominal length andlor diameter of the inner shel Orin the event of any change relative: tothe type of material or grade (eg. stainless steel to aluminium); — tothe fundamental shape; = tothe decrease in the minimum mechanical properties ofthe meteral being used; — to the mocification of the design of an assembly method concerning any part under stress, particularly as far 2s the support systems between the inner vessel and the outer jacket or the inner vessel itself or the protective frame, any, are concerned; the inital design programme shall be repeatad to take account ofthese modifications 422. Design specification To enable the design to be prepared the following information which defines @ vessel type shall be available: — maximum allowable pressure; — Mids intended to be used; — liquid capacity, — dimensions and allowable weight, taking characteristics ofthe vehicle into account; — location of fastening points and loads allowable on these points; — filing and emptying rate; — range of ambient temperature, if iftering from 7.2 of EN 13530-1:2002. ‘A design document in the form of drawings with text if any shall be prepared, it shall contain the information given above plus the following where applicable:Page 9 EN 19690-2 : 2002 — definition of which components are designed by calculation, by pressure strengthening, by experiment and by satisfactory in service experience; — drawings with dimensions and thicknesses of load bearing components; — specification of al joad bearing materials including grade, class, temper, testing etc, as relevant; — type of material test certificates; — location and details of welds and other joints, welding and other joining procedures. filer joining materials etc. as relevant, — catculatons to verty compliance with this standard; — design test programme; — non destructive tasting requirements; — pressure test requirements; — piping configuration including type, size and location of all valves and relic — details of fastenings. 423° Design loads 4234 General ‘The large transportable eryagenic vassel shall be able fo withstand safely the mechanical and thermal loads encountered during pressure lest and normal operation. Jn considering design loads during transport, static loads shall be substituted for static plus dynamic loads. The static loads used shall be as follows: — in the direction of travel: twice the total mass; — alright angles tothe direction of travel the total mass; — vertically upwards: the total mass; — vertically downwards: twice the total mass, Each of these loads is considered to actin isolation and includes the mass of the component under consideration. 4232 Inner vessel With the exception of a) the following loads shall be considered to act in combination where relevant: 2) test pressure : the value used for validation purposes shal be Py 21,3(p, + )bar a considered for each element of tho vossel e.g. sholl, courses, head, etc. », is the maximum allowable pressure, in bar. ‘The 1 bar is added to allow for the extemal vacuum,Page 10 EN 1330-2 : 2002 The inner vessel shall be capable of holding the pressure test fluid without plastic deformation ‘The minimum test pressure shall be 3 bar. 1b) pressure during operation, pc, where: Pc=P.+p, + bar @ 7. is the pressure, in bar, exerted by the mass of the liquid contents when the vessel is filed to capacity and subject fo each load defined in 4.2.3.1, with either 41) boiling liquid at atmospheric pressure; or 2) cryogenic fluid at its equi ‘um triple point or melting point temperature at atmospheric pressure; ©) reaction al the support points of the inner vessel due to the mass of the inner vessel and its contents when ‘subject to each of the loads defined in 4.2.3.1; ) load imposed by the piping due to the differential thermal movement of the inner vessel, the piping and the outer jacket. ‘The following cases shall be considered — cooldown (inner vessel warm - piping cold); — filing and withdrawal (inner vessel cold - piping cold); and — transport and storage (inner vessel cold - piping warm); 2) load impased on the inner vessel at its support points when cooling from ambient to operating temperature and «during operation. 42.33 Outer jacket The following loads shall be considered to actin combination where relevant: a) an extemal pressure of 1 bar; ')aninterna pressure equal othe set pressure of the outer jacket pressure rei device; ©) toad imposed by the inner vessel and its contents at the support points in the outer jacket when subject to each of the loads in 4.2.3. 4} load imposed by piping as defined in 4.2.3.2 0); €) load imposed at the inner vessel support points in the outer jacket when the inner vessel cools from amibient to operating temperature and during operation; ) reactions at the outer jacket fastening points due to the mass of the transportable cryogenic vessel and its ccontents when filed to capacity and subject to each dynamic load. Self supporting vessels. In the case of vehicles in which the inner vessel and possibly the outer jacket constitute stressed self-supporting ‘members of the vehicle, these shall be designed to withstand the stresses thus imposed in addition to stresses, from other sources, (see 4.2.3.2 c) and 4.2.3.3).Page 11 EN 13510-2 : 2002 423.5 Inner vessel supports ‘The inner vessel supports shail be suitable for each load defined in 4.2.3.2 c) plus loads due to differestia thermal movements. 423.6 Surge plates ‘The inner vessel shall be divided by surge plates to provide stabilty and limit dynamic loads to the requirements of 42.3, unless itis to be filed equal to of more than 80 % of its capacity or nominally emply. The cross sectional area of the surge plate shall be at least 70 % of that of the vessel. ‘Current experience with surge plates limiting the capacity to 7 500 | has been shown to meet these requrements. ‘Surge plates and their attachments to the shell shall be designed to resist the stresses caused by a pressure evenly distributed across the area of the surge plate, The pressure is calculated by considering the mass of liquid between the plates decelerating at 2g (4.2.3) 42.3.7 Outer jacket supports ‘The outer jacket upports shall be sultable for the toad defined in 4.2.3.3. 423.8 Fastening points Fastening poinis shall be suitable for fastening the large transportable cryogenic vessel tothe vehicle when filed 10 capacity and subject to each of the loads defined in 4.2.3. 42.3.9 Protection of upper fittings ‘The fitings and accessories mounted on the upper part of the vessel shall be protected in such a way that damage ‘caused by overturning cannot impair operational integrity. This protection may take the form of strengthening rings, protective canopies oF transverse or longitudinal members so shaped that effective protection is given. 42.340 Stability “The overall width of the ground-level bearing surface (distance between the outer points of contact with the ground of the right-hand tyre and the (eftvhand tyre of the same axle) shall be at least equal to 90 % of the height of the centre of gravity of the fully laden tank-vehicle. In an articulated vohicie the mass on the axles of the load-carrying unit of the laden semi-trailer shall not exceed 60 % of the nominal fotal laden mass of the complete articulated vehicle, 423.11 Piping and valves Piping including valves, fitings and supports shall withstand the following loads. With the exception of a) the loads shall be considered to act in combination where relevant. 4) preumatic pressure test: not less than the allowable working pressure ps plus 1 bar for piping inside the vacuum jacket; 10) pressure during operation : not less than the set pressure of the system pressure relief device; ©) thermal loads defined in 4.2.3.2 d); ) dynamic loads; ©) set pressure of thermal relief devices where applicable; 1) loads generated during pressure relief discharge. S107 DownioadecPage 12 EN 13530-2 : 2002 ‘This equipment shall be protected or positioned so as to be protected against the risk of being wrenched off or damaged during transport. ‘The leakproofness of this equipment shall be ensured in the event of overtuming of the vehicle. The gaskets shall be made of a material compatible with the fluid carried, in accordance with EN 1787:2001. Each bottem-filing or bottom-discharge opening shall be provided with at least two independent shut-off devices in series, the first being a stop valve siluated as close as possible to the outer jacket and pravided with protettion against mechanical damage at least equal to that afforded by the outer jacket. In order to prevent leaks of flammable fluids the first stop valve shall be an instant-closing safety device which closes automatically in the event of an unintended movement of the vehicle or of fire during the filinglempying ‘operation, It shall also be possible to operate the closing device by remote control. All vent pipes including pressure relief devices and purge valves shall be connected to a vent pipe allowing safe discharge, The control cabinet shall bbe vented so that flammable gas cannot accumulate therei 424 Fatigue ‘The design shall take into account the effact of cyclic stress on the inner vessel, outer jacket and their attachments during normal conditions of operation. When considering the case of fatigue, the common requirement of dimensioning with loads according to 4.2.3 shall be such as to accommodate the effects of faigue. Particular attention may be necessary to specific details in the ‘supports and piping systems to avoid stress raisers. 425 Corrosion allowance Corrosion allowance is not required on surfaces in contact with the operating fluid. Corrosion allowance is not required on other surfaces if they are adequately protected against corrosion, 42.6 Inspection openings Inspection openings ara not required in the inner vessel of the outer jacket, providing the requirements of KEN 13590-3:—~ are followed. NOTE 1 Due to the combination of matarials of construction and operating fuids, intemal corrosion connot accur. NOTE2 The inner vessels inside the evacuated outer jacket and hence extemal corrosion of the inner vessel connct occur. NOTE The elimination ofirspecton openings also assss in mainairing the integrity ofthe vacuum in te interspace. 421 Pressure relief Relief systems shall be designed to meet the requirements given in 4.2.7.1 104.2.7.3 42.7.4 Innervessel The inner vessel shall be provided with not less than two independent pressure relief devices at least one of which shall be a relief valve, and shall open at no more than p,. The devices may be mounted on a common line. A device shall protect the vessel against excess pressure due to: ‘normal heat leak, and the devices acting together shall protect the vassel against excess pressure due to: 2) heat teak with toss of vacuum: orPage 13 EN 13530-2 : 2002 b) heat teak, without loss of vacuum, and the pressure build up system being in the open position. Excess pressure means a pressure in excess of 110 % of the maximum allowable pressure for condition a) and in ‘excess of the test pressure for condition b) and in excess of the test pressure, minus 1 bar, for conditionc). Relief devices for the inner vessel shall be in accordance with prEN 19648-32001 for calculation of sizing. ‘The pressure relief system shall be sized so that the pressure drop during discharge does not cause the valve to reseat instantly, 42.7.2 Outerjacket Relief devices for the outer jacket shall ba in accordance with annex F. ‘A pressure relief device shall be fitted to the outer jacket. The device shall be set to open at a pressure which prevents collapse of the inner vessel and is not more than 0,5 bar. The discharge area of the pressure relief device ‘shall be not less than 0,34 mm2/l capacity of the inner vessel and in any case need not exceed 5 000 mn?. 42.7.3 Piping ‘Any section of pipework containing cryogenic fd which can be isolated shall be protected by a rallef valve or other suitable relief device 42.8 Valves Valves shall conform to EN 1626:1999. 429° Insulation For oxygen or gases having a bolting point below - 182°C at atmospheric pressure, all materials (including the thermal insulation) in the interspace between inner vessel and outer jacket shail be in accordance with EN 1797:2001 as oxygen enrichment can occur. 4.2.40 Degree of filling ‘The degree of filing of large transportable vacuum insulated vessels intended for the carriage of flammable gases shall remain below the level at which, ifthe contents wore raised to tho temperature at which the vapour pressure equalled the opening pressure of the safety valve, the volume of the liquid would reach 95 % of the vesse's capacity at that temperature. Large transportable vacuum insulated vessels may be filed with non-fammable ‘gases to 98 % ofits total volume at the loading temperature and the loading pressure, Means shall be provided to ensure that the above limits are not exceeded. 4.2.11 Electrical continuity Al metallic componente of large transportable vacuum insulated vassals intended for the carriage of flammabie gases shall be electrically continuous. The large transportable vacuum insulated vessels shall be provided with the means of attachment to earthing devices so that the resistance 1o the earthing connection is less then 6 ohms. Any ‘metal contact capable of causing electrochemical corrosion shall be avoided. 4.3 Design by calculation 434 General ‘The dimensions of the inner vessel and outer jacket shall not be less than that determined in accordance with this, subclause,Page 14 EN 13830-2 : 2002 43.2 Inner vessel 43.24 General ‘The information in 4.3.2.2 to 4.3.2.6 shall be used to determine the pressure part thicknesses in conjunction with the calculation formulae of 4.3.6. ‘The actual wall thickness shal be not less than shown in Table 1 Table 1 — Inner vessel minimum wall thickness Inner vessel Minimum wall thickness s, in millimetres Diameter D, in millimetres for reference stee! * = 1800 3 1800 5 the higher pressure obtained using equations (12) and (13) shall not be less than the external design pressure. (12) 3) 43.626 Stiffening rings In addition to the ends, effective reinforcing elements may be regarded as including the types of element ilustrated in Figure 3. The reinforcing elements, including the stiffening rings welded to the shell and the portion L of the shell (see Figure 3), shail satisty the fotlowing conditions: 120.0428, ee (4) For demonstrated satisfactory experience a factor of safety 5, equal to or greater than 1,3 is acceptablePage 20 EN 13530-2 : 2002 pd I, 42058, Pao a 10K 7 The moment of inertia FIs relative to the neutral axis of the reinforcing element cross-section parallel to the shell axis (se0 axis xx in Figure 3). ‘The flat bar stiffness and the Fr, T, H or U profile stifress shall satisfy the conditions given in Figure 3. ‘The stifening rings shall extend completely around the circumference of the shell and be securely attached to it. Where stifening rings are joined to the shell by means of intermittent welds, the filet welds at each side shall cover at least one third of the shell circumference, be uniformly distibuted (see Figure 1) and the number of weld discontinuities shail be at least 2 1, The number of buckling lobes n is obtained as indicated in 4.3:6.2.4, 43.6.3 Sphores cubject to external pressure (pressure on the convex surface) ‘Spherical shells subject fo external pressure shall be evaluated in accordance with 4.3.6.2.4. 4.3.6.4 Dished ends subject to internal or external pressure 4.3.6.4 Field of application Homispheicl ends where dys 12 40 % torispherical ends where a= D,endr=0,1 0, and 2: tvgpherical ends whore R=0,8 D, and r=0.154 D, Inthe case of torispherical ends 0.004 < 0b, $0. NOTE Other end shapes can be used provided suitable caleuations are carried out. 43.42. Internal pressure calculation (pressure on concave surface) 4.36421 Crown and hemisphere thickness The wall thickness of the crown region of dished ands and of hemispherical ends shall be determined using 4.3.6.1.3 for spherical shells with D, = 2 (R +s). Opening within the crown area of 0,8 D, of torispherical ends and in hemispherical ends shall be reinforced in accordance with 4.3.6.7. When pad type reinforcement is used the edge of the pad shall not extend beyond the area of 0.8 D, for 10 % torispherical ends or 0,7 D, for 2:1 torisphesical ends. 43.6422 Torlspherical end knuckle thickness and hemispherical end to shell junction thickness ‘The required thickness of the knuckle region and hemispherical end junction shall be: — forinner vessel: (18)Page 21 EN 19500-2 : 2002 = for outer jacket: PPB aofv cr) {is taken from Figure 5 for 10 % torispherical ends and from Figure 6 for 2:1 torispherical ends as a function of («-cD,, Iteration is necessary. For hemispherical ends a 8 value of 1,1, shall be applied within the distance x from the tangent line joining the end to the cyinder, regardless ofthe ratio, (- 70" Ifr2.0,01 D,y the required wall thickness is: 5 7 = 0% Dy =r) x Wx |B. +e 8) 90 K 10] =| Ss 4,3.6.5.8 External pressure calculation (pressure on the convex surface) Salty against elastic bucking and plas deformation shal he verified using 4.3.6.2 and an equivalent cynde, For the example shown in Figure 9 the equivalent cylinder diameter between the knuckle and the stiffener is: = DutDu (26) > “2e05/9/ ad and the equivalent cyinder length Du ~ Da ay 2sinjo/ Depending on the relevant boundary conditions the equivalent length between two effective stflening sections shall bee reliably estimated within the meaning of 4.3.6.2. When 2 10" the comer area of a large end can be considered as effective stiffening. For small ends the thickness in the corner area shall not be less than 2,5 limes the required thickness of the conical shell with the same angie | ql or a stiffener shall be fitted with the following properties: 20D, 120,0104S, ‘any (28 10E t io} (28) 2 4201255, 2PaD eal (2) 5, (@ylinder) is the safety factor to prevent elastic buckling from 4.3.2.4 oF 4.3.3.4; 5, (Cylinder) is the safety factor to prevent plastic deformation from 4.3.2.4 0F 4.3.3.4; Dy Is the diameter according to Figure 7b)Page 25 EN 19590-2 : 2002 The shall over a width of 0,5 (Drs, can be used to calculate the moment of inertia and the area, In addition the corner joint should not be regarded as a classical boundary condition i.e. the overall length should be formed from the individual meridional iength of the cone and cylinder. In addition, the cone shall be verified using 4.3.6.5.7 and the safety factors S; for cylinders from 4.3.2.4 or 4.3.3.4 increased by 20 %. For thickness calculations in the comer area v shall be the value applicable for internal pressure. 4366 Flatends 43.6.6.1 Symbols and units For the purposes of 4.3.6.6, the folowing symbols apply in adition to those given in 3.2: 4 dg et, opening diameters in mm; Dy. lat end clameters in mm. As shown in Figure 12. 43.662 Field of application Welded or solid flat ends where Poisson's ratio is approximately 0,3, and: 4366.3 Openings ‘Openings are calculated in accordance with 4.3.6.6.4 but with the C factor mutipled by C,, where C, is given in Figure 11 4366.4 Calculation ‘The required minimum wall thickness of a circular flat end is s=CD, oes te 7 (20) Cand Dy are taken from Figure 12. The required minimum wall thickness of @ rectangular or elliptical flat end is: et) where Cy is taken from Figure 13, ARS Store ordeCwPage 26 EN 1530-2 : 2002 4367 Openings in cylinders, spheres and cones, 43.6.7.4 Symbols and units For the purposes of 4.3.6.7, the following symbols apply in addition to those given in 3.2: o width of pad, ring or shell reinforcement mm hb thickness of pad-reinforcement mm : ligament (web) between two nozzles mm I, length of nozzle reinforcement outstandings mm s length of nozzle reinforcement instand mm 55 required wall thickness at opening edge mm 55 wall thickness of nozzle mm ' inthis context : centre-to-centre distance between two nozzles. mm 43.6.72 Field of application Round openings and the reinforcement of round openings in cylinders, spheres and cones within the following limits: 0,002 < Ge) 0902 ie scapibieit he! 0,002 is acceptable De s 3 ‘These rules only apply to cones if the wall thickness is determined by the circumferential stress. NOTE 1 Addition where necessary, extemal forces and moments are not cavered by this sub-clause and are to be considered separatoly NOTE2 These design rules permit plastic deformations of up to 1 % al highly stressed focal areas during pressure fest ‘Openings ehould therefore be carefully dasigned to avoid abrupt changes in geometry. ‘The design rules for non perpendicular nozzles shell be based on a perpendicular nozzle, using the dimension of the major elliptical axis or shall be calculated in accordance with prEN 13445-3:1999, 43.6.7.3 Reinforcoment methods ‘Openings may be reinforced by one or more of the following typical but not exclusive methods: — increase of shell thickness, see Figures 14 and 15; —setin or set on ring reinforcement, see Figures 16 and 17; — pad reinforcement, see Figure 18; — increase of nozzle thickness, see Figures 19 and 20; “pad and nozzle reinforcement, see Figure 21.Page 27 EN 13530-2 : 2002 Where ring or pad reinforcement is used on the inner vessel the space between the two filet welds shal be vented into the vacuum interspace. 436.74 Design of openings ‘The filet weld on a reinforcing pad shall have a minimum throat thickness of half of the pad thickness. ‘The through thickness of a filet wald of each nozzie to shell weld shall be not fess than the required thickness of the thinner part Where the strength of the reinforcing material is lower than the strength of the shell material an alowance in accordance with 4.3.6.7.5 shall be made in the design calculations. If the strength of the reinforcing material is higher than the strength of the shell material no allowance for the increased strength is permitted. 43.6.7.8 Calculation ‘Where the material property XK of the reinforcement is lower than that of the shell the cross secton of pad reinforcement and the thickness of nozzle reinforcement shall be reduced by the ratio of K values before Getecmining the factor vq, In the case of a shell subjected only to internal pressure, with a row of nozzles joined to the shell by fully penetrating welds, it's not necessery to calculate the individual reinforcement required for each nazale, However the thicknass of the shell o resist internal pressure shall be calculated using the least value of weakening factor of either v, obtained from equation (41) or v ‘Openings shall also be reinforced according to the following relationship: (32) “which is based on equilbrium between the pressurised area 4, and the load bearing cross sectional area Ag. The ‘wall thickness obtained from this relationship shall be not less than the thickness of the unpierced shell. ‘The pressurized area 4, and the load bearing cross sectonal area dawhich equals Ao, + Ac; + Ao, are obteined from Figures 22 to 25 The maximum extent of the load bearing cross sectional area sheli be not more than b as defined in formula (35) for shells and J, as defined in formulae (37) or (38) for nozzles, as appropriate. The protvusion of nozzles /s may be included as load bearing cross sectional area up to a maximum length of ts" 0,5 (33) The restrictions of 4.3.6.7.6 and 4.3.6.7.7 shall be observed, \f the material property Kj, Kz ete. of the reinforcing material is lower than that of the shell the dimensions shall comply with: (34 Vag: +( 2-2. £. Bpo-( Sheng 43.6.7.6 Ring or pad reinforcement or Increased shell thickness If the actual wall thickness of tha cylinder or sphere is less than the required thickness s, at the opening, the opening is adequately reinforced if the wall thickness s,.is available round the opening over a width of: b= f(D +5,-e%s, -<) (38) 4: s0vs912005 netentigPage 28 EN 13530-2 : 2002 with a minimum of 3 sq (see Figures 16, 17 and 18). Forcaleulaton purposes s, shall be limited to not more than twice the actual wal thickness. The thickness of pad reinforcement in accordance to Figura 18 preferably shall be not more than the actual wall thickness to which the pad is attached. Internal pad reinforcements not allowed. ‘The with of the pad reinforcement may be reduced to by provided the pad thickness is increased to h according to: yxy 2DxA (36) and the limits given above are observed. 436.27 Reinforeement by increased nozzle thickness For calculation purposes sg shall be not more than twice 54. The thickness of the nozzles; should be not greater than twice 5, ‘The wall thickness sq at the opening shall extend over a widtn bin accordance with formula (35) with a minimum of 3sy. The limits of reinforcement normal to the vesse! well are — for eyinders and cones, (,= 1.25 (4, +5, =eXs, 6) er — for spheres, ) 8) ‘The length |, may be reduced to J, provided that the thickness s, is increased to s,y according to the following: 1X5 2X, oe ‘and the limits given above are observed. 4.3.6.7.8 Reinforcement by a combination of increased shell and nozzle thicknesses ‘Shell and nozzle thicknesses may be Increased in combination for the reinforcement of openings (Figure 21). For the calculation of reinforcement 4.3.6.7.6 and 4.3.6.7.7 shall be applied together. The increase in shell thickness may be achieved by an actual increase in shell thickness or the addition of a pad. 43.879 Multiple openings See also 4.36.4.2. ‘Multiple openings are regarded as single openings provided the distance | between two adjacent openings, Figures 24 and 26, complies with: 12 2fDy+8, leno) (40) 2 to wr oyen fre loyda ANI Stern ordee BxTBUP 4: 19005 28343 Aa Ay. Copyng ne netusteng presiPage 29 EN 13890-2 : 2002 If is tess than required by formula (40) 2 check shall be made to determine whether the cross section between ‘openings is able to withstand the load acting on it. Adequate reinforcement is available if the requirement of formula (32) or (34), as appropriate is met. Where adjacent openings in a cylinder are arranged intermediately between the longitudinal and circumferential direction the calculation scheme for the longitudinal direction (Figure 24) shall be applied, but the part of the ro nda ores sos cnt (2 oan win on agen -0,5 (1 + cos” g). ‘See Figure 25 for angle 9. Nozzles joined to the shell in line by full penetration welds with the wall thickness calculated for internal pressure only may be designed with a weakening factor of=4) wens (at) Ifthe nozzies are not attached by full penetration welds, D, shal be used in formula (41). 43.7 Calculations for operating loads Unless the design has been validated by experiment, calculations in addition to those in 4.3.6 may be required to ensure that stresses due (0 operating loads are within acceptable limits. All load conditions expected during service shall be considered (see 4.2.3), In these calculations static loads shall be substituted for static plus dynamic loads. ‘The analysis shall take account of gross structural discontinuities, but mead not consider local stress concentrations, Annex A provides terminology and acceptable sacs liits when an elastic stross analysis is performed Acceptable calculation methods include: — finite element; — firte ference: — boundary element; — recognised text books, published papers, codes and standards. Planned and controlled experimental means may be used in order to confi these caleulaions, for example, by application of strain gauges to verily stress level.Page 30 EN 13830-2 : 2002 Figure 4 — Example of joining stiffening ring to shell “oanigaied 10/104 inancee te tuk a herPage 31 EN 13600-2 : 2002 + For design of cylindrical shel: y= maximum of fs lag bo + For design of reinforcing elements: tall 2 Figure 2— Determination of buckling length hb S16 Wea s 50 bsea* 0.55YDe-es bsea* 16s toy ) design diameter D,= design iameter hort side of eliptical end 980 626 00 9.018 $54 00 Aq = 18,632 830 00 Ag 19,497 590 00 p= 7,612 668 00 ati cadet once S45) Ae 25) Ay # 1,004 003 44 y= 0,946 284 68 y= 4,312 10200 Aq = 8,389 435 00 Ag = 9,208 283 84 Ag 3,694 941 96 Figure 14 — Opening factor CA for flat ends and plates without additional marginal momentPage 47 EN 1520-2 : 2002 Type of iat end design {orinciple only) Conditions Design factor C a Falend 7 -knueke radius | 2, Trin upto 5.00, 30 [ever 5.60 _up to 1 400, 35. [ever 1 400 up to 600, ‘ver 1600p to 1900 45 fever 1 200 andreas 2. cylindrical pat: 29.5 x 5 50 0330 1. kruckle radius Ry however at least 8 mm 2. eylinescal part: 42s 035 late thickness: 5334 2235 035 0.40 )_plale welded into the shell wih welds at both sides of the latter Os on Dlata thiekness 2834 3H plate. Only killed steols may be utiised. When plata material is employed. over an area of! at laast 3 sy in the weld zone there shall be no evidence of material discontinuities inthe | 040 ‘@) fat plate welded into the shell rom one Side Only on De plate iekness e355 s> 354 04s 0.60 Figure 12 — Design factors for unstayed circular flat ends and plates.Page 48 EN 13530-2 : 2002 16 1s 1 “ 13 2 12 " wl o 02 oe a 08 19 Key + Design factor C, 2. Ratofe Figure 13 — Design factor C, for rectangular or elliptical fat plates Rectangular plates Eitea plates _J= short side ofthe rectangular plate = shor side ofthe elliptical plate «= ong side ofthe rectangular plate «= long sido of tho eliptical plate SAE tele HBT” ett cel a 1862 o<(£}sox 589 146 00 Ay #1489 148 00 Az =-0.239 49 90 z= -0,298 249 90 Ay =-0;398 179 80 335 179 80 Aq = 0,085 211 76 085 211 76Page 49 EN 13530-2 : 2002 Figure 14 — Increased thickness of acylindrical Figure 15 — Increased thickness of a conical shell shell sf |: | 44 t a [ an\ Figure 16 — Set-on reinforcement rng Figure 17 — Setin reinforcement ing o \ mn ete} TE Ky sal Figure 18 —Pad reinforcement nang 11200525 05, ANS! Stare order DOUO7 fe ony. Copying hs notsraing promodPage 50 EN 13530-2 : 2002 type bb type Figure 19 — Nozzle reinforcement Figure 20 — Necked out openingPage 51 EN 1350-2 : 2002 Type al Type b) Figure 21 — Pad Figure 22— Calculation scheme for cylindrical shellsPage 52 EN 1830-2 : 2002 N Figure 23 — Calculation scheme for spherical shells Sure sare dy ! da fa A a Ag | Figure 24— Calculation scheme for adjacent nozzles in a sphere or in a longitudinal direction of a cylinder ya ‘Sawnlondes se sn 92008 finePage 53 EN 13590-2 : 2002 Key 1 Longitudinal direction 2 Circumferential direction Figure 25 — Openings between longitudinal and circumferential direction Figure 26 — Calculation scheme for adjacent nozzles in a sphere or in a circumferential direction of a cylinderPage 54 EN 13530-2 : 2002 5 Fabrication 5.1 Generat 54.4 The manufacturer or his or her sub-contractor, shall have equipment available to ensure manufacture and testing in accordance with the design. 54.2 The manufacturer shall maintain: — a system of materia! traceability for pressure bearing parts used in the construction of the inner vessel, -— design dimensions within specified tolerances; — necessary cleanliness of the inner vessel, associated piping and other equipment which could come in contact with the cryogenic fhuid. 5.2 Cutting Material may be cut to size and shape by thermal cutting, machining, cold shearing or other appropriate method. Thermally cut material shall be dressed back by machining or grinding. 5.3 Cold forming 5.3.1 Austenitic stainless steel Heat treatment after cold forming is not rea din any of the cases: 2) for operating temperatures down to - 196 °C: the test certificate forthe base material shows an elongation at fracture 1g of not less than 30 % and the cold forming daformation is nat more than 16 % or itis demonstrable thatthe residual etongation is not less than 15 %; ')_ for operating temperatures below — 196 °C : the cold forming deformation is greater than or equal to 18 % and itis demonstrated that the residual elongation is not ess than 15 %; ©) for formed heads, the test certificate for the base material shows an elongation at fracture As — not less than 40 % in the case of wall thicknesses not more than 15 mm at design temperatures down to = 198 °C; — not less than 45 % in the case of wall thicknesses more than 15 mm at design temperatures down to = 196 °C; — not less than 50 % at design temperatures below - 196 °C, Where heat treatments required this shall be carried out in accordance with the matarial standard. Cold forming deformation can be calculated according to prEN 13445-4:1998. 532 Ferritic steel Requirements for post forming heat treatment are: 1a) material for the outer jacket, including cold formed ends with or without joggled joints, does not require post forming heat treatment; b) 9% Ni steel requires post forming heat treatment where cold forming deformation exceeds § %. Fully certified quenched and lempered or double normalised and tempered 9 % Ni steel shall be stress relieved at 860 °C toPage 55 EN 13590-2 : 2002 580 °C. Forming and stress relieving may be performed in several stages. A test piece taken from the parent ‘material that accompanies the formed part through all stages of heat treatment shall be tested affer all heat treatment is complete to demonstrate that the material mechanical properties conform to the requirements of ‘the material standard; ©) for he following ferrtic steels used for the inner vessel, post forming heat treatment is not required where the forrning deformation is not more than § %: 1) nickel alloyed steels, suitable for ow temperature use: 2) carbon and carbon-manganese steels: — where Ry, $530 Nimm= = or where 530 < Rp, < 850 Nim? and Roope < 360 Nim? ‘When heat treatment is required, suitable heat treatments after cold forming are nomalising, normalising (double) plus tempering, quenching plus tempering or solution annealing. Parameters given by the base material manufacturer in the test certfcate shall be taken as an indication or recommendation for heat treatments except that other heat treatments may be applied ifthe procedure is qualified and the product or a test piece representing the product is tested after forming and heat treatment. 53.3. Aluminium or aluminium alloy Cold formed ends made from aluminium or aluminium alloy do not normally require post forming heat treatment, tunless there is a risk of stress corrosion in service. Treatment shail be carried out in accordance with the material standard. 5.4 Hot forming 54.1 General Forming shall be carried out in accordance with a written qualified procedure. The forming procedure shall specify the heating rate, the holding temperature, the temperature range and time for which the forming takes place and shall give details of any heat treatment to be given to the formed part 5.4.2 Austenitic stainless steel ‘Material shall be heated uniformly in an appropriate atmosphere without flame impingement, to a temperature not ‘exceeding the recommended hot forming temperature of the material. When forming is carried out after the ‘temperature of the material has fallen below 900 °C the requirements of 5.3.1 shall be complied with, 5.43. Ferritic steat Requirements for post forming heat treatment are: 2) 9% Ni steel that Is hot formed shall be double normalised and tempered or quenched and tempered in accordance with the material standard to establish the material properties specified therein. Test piece(s) shall bbe provided and tested in accordance with the material standard; b) feritic stee! that is hot formed shall be heat treated in accordance with the material standard to establish the material properties specified therein: — air quenched steels shall be tempered subsequently, — test pieces shall be provided and tested in accordance with the material standard;Page 56 EN 1530-2 : 2002 — for normalised steels a post forming heat treatment is not necessary If the hot forming is done within the specified temperature range, specified in the material standards ; further test pieces are not required. 5.4.4 Aluminium or aluminium alloy Post forming heat treatment may be omitted if evidence in the form of a procedure qualfication can be provided ‘showing that the elongation at fracture 4, ofthe formed materials not less than 10%, 5.8 Manufacturing tolerances 5.5.4. Plate alignment Except where 2 tapered transition is provided, misalignment of the surfaces of adjacent plates at weided seams shall be; — for longitudinal seams, not more than 15 % of the thickness of the thinner plate up to @ maximum of 3 mm; — for crcumterential seams, not more than 25 % of the thickness of the thinner plata up to a maximum of 5 mm. Where a taper is provided between the surfaces, this shall have a slope of not more than 30°. The taper may include the width of the weld, the lower surface being built up with added weld metal if necessary. Where material ig removed from a plate to provide a taper, the thickness of either plate shall not be reduced below that required for the design, ‘The cistance between either surface of the thicker plate and the centre line of the thinner plate of tapered seams shall be — for longitudinal seams, not less than 36 % of the thickness of the thinner plate; —— for circumferential seams, not less than 25 % of the thickness of the thinner pate. Inno case shall the surface of any plate lle between the centre fines of the two plates, ‘These requirements are illustrated in Figure 27. Nomenclature Ayhyshy = Surface misalignments 2 i! 1 thickness ofthe thinner plate = distance from the surface ofthe thicker plate tothe centetine of the thinner plate So 1210? Oevniesrted: 1019/2006 25 0 se only. Copying aad etav¥ingPage 87 EN 1530-2 : 2002 SSW, For longitudinal seams: hy $0.15 rand fy S 0.186 For circumferential seams: hy $0.25 cand 80.284 Figure 27a) — Seam which do not require a taper 30" 30" 30° ba aa A LED For iongitudinat seams: 0,18 ¢and For circumferential seams: 0,251 and 225 -h2 0,251 Figure 27b) — Seams which do require a taper Figure 27 — Plate alignment ANSI Store ords: E215 1G? Dawninaded ras ca ty. Gong adPage 58 EN 13530-2 : 2002 852 Thickness ‘The thickness of the vessel shall not be less than the design thickness. This shall be taken as the thickness of the vessel after manufacture and any variations in thickness shall be gradual. 553. Dished ends The depth of the dishing, excluding the straight flange, shall not be less than the theoretical depth. The knuckle radius shall not be tess than specified and the crown radius shall not be greater than specified. Any variation of the profile shall not be abrupt but shall merge gradually ino the specified shape. 5.54 Cylinders 5.5.41 The actual circumference shall not deviate from the circumference calculated from the spectied diamater by more than + 1,5 %. 5.8.42 The out of roundness u calculated from the expression: 200/ Dose = Drie) 94 (aay Drax * Din out of roundness «= ‘shall be not more than the values shown in Table 2. ‘Table 2 — Permitted out of roundness ‘to diameter ratio Permitted out of roundness for internal pressure | external pressure SID =0,01 2.0% 15% s1D> 0.01 15% 15% ‘The determination of the out-of-roundness need not consider the elastic deformation due to the dead-weight of the pressure vessel. At nozzle positons, a greater oulof-roundness may be permitted if it can be justified by Calculation or strain gauge measurement. Single dents or knuckles shall be within the tolerances. Dents shall be ‘Smooth and their depth which is the deviation from the generatrix of the shell shall not exceed 1 % of their length or 2% of thelr width respectively. Greater dents and knuckles are permissible provided they have been proven ‘admissible by calculation or by strain measurements, Irregularities in profile (checked by a 20° gauge) shall not exceed 2 % of the gauge length. This maximum value may be increased by 25 % if the length of the irregularities does not exceed one quarter of the length of the shell pan between two circumferential sears with a maximum of 1 m. Greater regularities require proof by calculation ‘or strain gauge measurement that the stresses are permissible.Page 59 EN 13530-2 : 2002 Dofritions = (Dax = Dinin) 499 Dinax * Dinin 22x: 4 sequivalentto x qx100 oa D4 Limitations 1S 15% 4 0,00875 0, Figure 28 — Allowable shape Imperfections Furthermore, where irregularity in the profile occurs at the welded seam and is associated with “fate” adjacent to ‘the weld the irregularity in profile or “peaking” shall not exceed the values given in Table 3. ‘Aconservative method of measurement (covering peaking and ovality) shall be by means of a 20* profile gauge (or template), ‘The use of such a profile gauge is illustrated in Figure 29. Two readings shall be taken, P, and P, on each side of the seam, at any particular location, the maximum peaking is taken as being equivalent to 0,25 (P+ Pz). 03am erPage 60 EN 13530-2 ; 2002 Figure 29 — Gauge details Measurements should be taken at approximately 250 mm intervats on longitudinal seams to determine the lacation with the maximum peaking value. Use of other types of gauges such as bridge gauges or needle gauges are not prohibited. The maximum peaking value permitted is given in Table 3. Lease rk yet oy hve ode ANE 3HT Dosen: 10°19 sarki ytd Sirois user tones only CenPage 61 EN 13590-2 : 2002 Table 3 — Maximum permitted peaking Dimensions in milimetres. ‘Vessel ratio wall thicknoss se to diamater D ‘Maximum permitted peaking siD $ 0,025 5 ‘oD > 0,025 40 For all ratios a maximum permitted peaking ise. in For oylinders subject to external pressure and whore the circumference has a flattened portion, it shall be demonstrated that the sheli has suficient strength to avoid plastic deformation where the depth of flattering is more than 0,4 % of the outside diameter of the cylinder. The depth of flattening shail be measured as a deviation from the normal curvature or from the line of the cylindrical shell. Adequate strength may be determined by calculation in ‘accordance with formula (11) of 4.3.6.2.5, using a value of u determined as follows: (43) @ isthe depth of flattening, in mm; 1D, is the extemal diameter of the cylinder, in mm. 5.54.3 Departure of the cylinder axis from a straight line shall be not more than 0,5 % of the cylindrical length, ‘except whera required by the design. 5.6 Wol ing 58.1 General This European Standard requires that the welding method be appropriate and be carried out by qualified wolders: ‘and/or operators, that the materials be compatible and thal there is verification by a welding procedure test. 86.2 Qualification Welding procedures shall be approved in accordance with EN 288-4:1992, EN 288-6:1992 or with EN 1416:1997 as applicable. Welders and welding operators shal be qualified accordance with EN 287-1:1992 or EN 287-2:1992 or to EN 1418:1897 as apoicable, 56.3. Temporary attachments ‘Temporary attachments welded to pressure bearing parts shall be kept to a practical minimum. Temporary attachments welded directly to pressure bearing parts shall be compatible with the immediately adjacent material Wis permissible to weld dissimilar metal attachmants to intermediate components, such as pads, which are connected permanently to the pressure containing part. Compatible welding materials shall be used for dissimilar ‘metal joint. Temporary attachments shall be removed from the inner vessel prior to the first pressurisation. The removal technique shall avoid impairing the integrity of the inner vessel and shall be by chipping or grinding. Any viinaded 19S ANOS 2-63.08 AM =Page 62 EN 1530-2 : 2002 rectification necessary by welding of damaged regions shall be undertaken weiding procedure. ‘accordance with an approved ‘The area of the inner vessel from where the temporary attachments have been removed shail be dressed smooth ‘and examined by appropriate non-destructive testing ‘Any attachments on the outer jackets may be removed by thermal cutting as well as by the methods described above. 5.6.4 Welded joints 5.64.1 Some specific weld details appropriate to vessels conforming to EN 13590 are given in annex 0 These details show sound and currently accepted practice. It is not intended that these are mandatory nor should thay restrict the development of welding technology in any way. ‘The manufacturer, in selecting an appropriate weld detail, shall consider: — the method of manufacture; — the service conditions; _— the ability to carry aut necessary non-destructive testing. Weld details may be used provided their suitabi EN 288-4:1992 or EN 288-8:1992 as applicable. is proven by procedure approval according to EN 288-3:1992, To avoid sub-standard welding of ferric steels excess residual magnetism shall be avoided. 5.6.4.2. Where any part of a vessel is made in two or more courses, the longitudinal weld seams of adjacent ‘courses shall be staggered. A minimum of 100 mm is recommended. Joggle joints and backing strips may be used for circumferencial welds only plate thickness up to 8 mm. 5.6.43 As the mechanical characteristics of work-hardened austenitic stainless steels can be adversely affected i the material is not welded propery, the edditional requirements below shall be applied: —— the heat input during welding shall be not more than 1,5 kJmm per bead to be verified in the procedure ‘quaification test; — the material shall cool down to a temperature of nat more than 200 °C between passes; — the material shall not be heat treated after welding. ‘See also B.2.7, B.2.8, 8.2.10 and B.2.11. 5.7 Non-welded joints Where non-welded joints are made between metallic materials andfor non-metallic materials, procedures shall be established in a manner similar to that used in establishing welding procedures, and these procedures shall be followed for ail joints. Similarly, operators shall be qualified in such procedures and only qualified personnel shall then carry out these procedures. pried 1 tr logan oye ender #238107 toys econ6 Inspection and testing 6.1 Quality plan ‘Aquality plan forming part of the quality system referred to in §.1.4 shall include as a minimum, the inspection and testing stages listed in 6.1.1 6.4.1 Inspection stages during manufacture of an inner vessel. ‘The following inspection stages shall be conducted during the manufacture of an inner vessel — verification of material test certificates and correlation with materials; — approval of weld procedure qualification records; — approval of welders qualification records; camination of material cut edges; —_ examination of set up of seams for welding including dimensional check: — examination of weld preparations, tack welds; — visual examination of welds; — verification of non-destructive testing; testing production control test plates for welds and, where required, for formed parts after heat treatment; — verification of cleaning of inside surtace of vessel; — examination of completed vessel including dimensional check; — pressure test and whare necessary record permanent set. 6.1.2 Additional inspection stages during manufacture of a large transportable cryogenic vesse! The following inspection stages shall be conducted during the manufacture of a large transportable cryogenic vessel: — verification of cleanliness and dryness of the cryogenic vessel (see prN 12300:1998);, — visual examination of welds not covered by 6.1.1; — leakproofness tests by ensuring the integrity of vacuum, and leak testing of external pi ‘connected to the inner vessel; — leak test of external piping; — check documentation and installation of pressure relief davice(s); — check installation of vacuum space relief device: — examination of completed vessel including dimensional check. u sat ANSI Re cree Bx2' Sngls bear Fearon sty Copying 3Page 64 EN 13530-2 : 2002 62 Production contro! test plates 621 Requirements Production control test plates shall be produced and tested for the inner vessel as follows: a) one test plate per vessel for each welding procedure on longitudinal joints; b) alter 10 sequential test plates to the same procedure have success{ully passed the tests, testing may be Feduced to one test plate per 50 m of longitudinal joint for 9 % Ni and ferritic steels and to one test plate per 1100 m for other metals. Production contro test plates are not required for the outer jacket. ‘The results of the tests shall be as follows: — weld tensile test (7) : Ry. Ry and dg of the test specimens shall normally not be less than the corresponding specified minimum values for the parent metal, or the agreed values of the welding procedure approved; impact test (IW, IH): this test shall be performed in accordance with EN 1252-1:1998 or EN 1252-2:2001; _— bend test (BF, BR, BS) : the testing and the test requirements shall comply with 7.4.2 of EN 268-8:1992 for ‘steels and with 7.4.2 of EN 288-4:1992 for aluminium and its aloys; —— macro etch (Ma) : the macro etch shall show sound build-up of beads and sound penetration. 6.22 Extent of testing The number and type of test specimens to be taken from the test plate is dependent on material and thickness and shall be in accordance with the requirements in Tables § and 6 for the particular material and thickness applicable. NOTE The symbols for Tables 6 and 6 are given in Table 4. ‘The test plate shall be of sufficient size to allow for the required specimens including an allowance for retests. Prior to cutting the test piece non destructive testing of the test plate may be applicd in order that the test specimens are taken from sound areas. Table 4— Test specimens Designation ‘Symbol Face bend test to EN 910:1996 BF Root bend test to EN 910:1996 BR Sige bond test to EN 910:1996 8s Tensile test to EN 895:1995 T Impact test ; weld deposit to EN €75:1995 Ww. Impact test ; HAZ to EN 875:1995 1H Macro etch Ma sagen a tuak retPage 65 EN 1950-2 : 2002 ‘Table 5— Testing of production test plates for steels Group e Test specimens inmm ine grain steels normalised or est2 18F, 16R,17,1Ma ‘thermo mechanically treated 12 70” 43.6.8 _| Flatends 7.3.6.7 _ | Openings in evinders, spheres and cones. 6.5.2.3.2 Parts where bending stresses are dominant and large deformations cannot be accepted, like fiat cones ‘according to 4.3.6.5.7 and flat ends according to 4.3.6.5, shall be calculated in the normal way using the design? arcooure pans design sitess values according to 4.3.2.3. Thats, the effec ofthe strengthening may not be uifsed In such designs. ‘Adattionaly, the capability o pass the strengthening without plastic deformation shall be checked by repeating the Calculations using the strengthening pressure (taking the mass of contents into account) for the test pressure Pr ‘and the design stress value at 20°C from 4.3.2.3. ©.5.2.3.3 When designing parts according to 4.3.6.1 insert into the applicable formulae the following: — design stress value oj; — weld joint factor 1,0. ©5234 Parts according to 4.3.6.42.2 and 4.9.6.4.2.3 of this standard shall be designed with the same modifications as in C.5.2.3.3. Additionally the shape factor & for dished ends may be reduced to: — {or 10% torispherical ends, 2,93; — for 2:1 torispherical ends, 1,91. However, it shell be demonstrated by calculation or experiment that the strain during strengthening will not cause Gecessive deformation in regions subject to bending stresses. In cases where the deformation will ead to a Deller Shape (0.9. deeply cished ends turning hemispherical) the mathod may be used even with large bending stresses. [Also the risk of buckling in regions where compressive stresses occur (i.e. the knuckle of dished ends and Comey Aree Gr conea) shall be paid spacial attention, But, since buckling fs heavily dependent on intial imperfections and areit honiening of the material before pressurisation, there is no substitute for experience, However, the stretching process in ilslf will reveal any such tendencies (see C.6.1). 6.5.2.35 For reinforcements of openings the stitiness of the attachment shall be considered so that over, Gararcioned reinforcements are avoided. Preferably openings without reinforcement should be used. Unreinforced ‘openings in this context includes openings having reinforcement not complying with 4.3.6.7.5 ofthis standard For openings, where the hole diameter exceeds that given below, calcuation of te reinforcement shall bo made ‘ocording to 43.6.7 ofthis standard withthe same modifications 25 In C.6.2.3.3, When using external plate reinforcement of other kinds of reinforcements that are not welded with ful penetration, the risk of overloading of the welds during strengthening shall be observed. ‘nist StPage 85 EN 13690-2 : 2002 When ligament efficiency is less than 1, stresses due to strengthening shall be analysed according to 4.36.7 of this standard. Lu 1d open ed single Inthe case of holes jcining a nozzle ete. to the shell the inside diameter of the nozzle shall Not exceed das, max = diameter of largest allowed opening (mejor axis for oval holes), mm: Dy =outside diameter of shell, mm: R——-=inside crown radius of end, men; sq = Wall thickness of unpierced shell, mm; 5 = true wal thickness of shel, min; Be Bqs% © =60,J2T=p) with a maximum of 60 mm dma * 04 [D,5+C (c2) “The value of dingy Calculated according to formula (C.2) may be rounded up to the nearest higher even 10 mm. ax Shall however meet the conditions: Alpen 180 mE (3) ax 0:2 Dy (ca) “The wall thickness of an unpierced cylinder is calcuiated from: »D, 52 (8) 20—+. +2, 133? ‘The wall thickness of the crown region of an unpierced dished end is calculated from: 52 (8) 2+ 133 €.5.3 Design for external pressure 8.3.4 Ifa prossure strengthened vessel normally operating under intemal pressure could be subjact to ‘extemal pressure, the vessel shall also be designed to withstand extemal pressure according to the applicable sub-clauses of clause 4, By these calevations the design stress value shall be taken from 4.9.2.3. If the pressure strengthened vessel is made from solution heat treated material the safety factors S, given in 4.3.2.4 may be replaced by S,/1.5. NOTE This modification is @ consequence ofthe Improvad shape of the pressure vessel produced by the straining so that ‘a lowor factor of safely can be accepted.