Designation: D-380

Standard Test Methods for

Rubber Hose1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 380; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. These methods have been approved for use by
agencies of the Department of Defense to replace Methods 7431, 7421, 10011, 10021, 10211, 10221, 10311, 10341, 10351, and 10361
of Federal Test Method Standard No. 601 and for listing in the DoD Index of Specifications and Standards.

1. Scope D 865 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration by Heating

1.1 These test methods describe procedures for inspection in Air (Test Tube Enclosure)3
and test of all types and constructions of rubber hose.2 D 1149 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface
1.2 In case of conflict between provisions of these test Ozone Cracking in a Chamber3
methods and those of detailed specifications or test methods for D 1349 Practice for Rubber—Standard Temperatures for
a particular hose, the latter shall take precedence. Testing3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the D 1415 Test Method for Rubber Property—International
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information Hardness3
only. D 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the Hardness3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D 3183 Practice for Rubber—Preparation of Pieces for Test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Purposes from Products3
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- D 3767 Practice for Rubber—Measurement of Dimensions3
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. D 4483 Practice for Determining Precision for Test Method
Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industries3
2. Referenced Documents E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. General Test Methods
D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-
plastic Elastomers—Tension3 3.1 Except as otherwise specified in these test methods for
D 413 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Adhesion to rubber hose, the following test methods, applicable in general
Flexible Substrate3 to vulcanized rubber, shall be complied with as required and
D 471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liq- are hereby made a part of these test methods:
uids3 3.1.1 General Physical Test Requirements—Practice
D 572 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration by Heat and D 3183.
Oxygen3 3.1.2 Tension Test— Test Method D 412.
D 573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air 3.1.3 Aging Test—Test Method D 572, Test Method D 573,
Oven3 and Test Method D 865.
3.1.4 Adhesion Test— Test Methods D 413.
3.1.5 Immersion Test— Test Method D 471.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on
3.1.6 Hardness Test— Test Method D 2240.
Rubber and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.31 on Rubber Hose 3.1.7 Hardness Test— Test Method D 1415.
and Belting.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 1994. Published March 1995. Originally 4. Significance and Use
published as D 380 – 33. Last previous edition D 380 – 87.
2
For specifications covering hose used in automotive, construction, and indus- 4.1 These test methods provide uniform methods for inspec-
trial equipment applications, reference should be made to SAE Standards for tion and test of rubber hoses that can be referenced in hose
Coolant System Hoses (SAE J20e), Fuel and Oil Hoses (SAE J30b), Power Steering specifications for various applications.
Pressure Hose—High Volumetric Expansion (SAE J188), Power Steering Return
4.2 Uniform test methods make quality comparisons of hose
Hose (SAE 189), Power Steering Pressure Hose—Low Volumetric Expansion (SAE
J191), Power Steering Pressure Hose—Wire Braid (SAE J190), Windshield Wiper easier and more meaningful, and are more economical particu-
Hose (SAE J50a), Emission Control Hose (SAE J1010), Windshield Washer Tubing larly when the same rubber vulcanizates are used in different
(SAE J1037), Tests and Procedures for SAE 100R Series Hydraulic Hose and Hose types, constructions, or sizes of hose.
Assemblies (SAE J343c), and for Tests and Procedures for High-Temperature
Transmission Oil Hose, Lubricating Oil Hose, and Hose Assemblies (SAE J1019).
3 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 D 380 – 94 (2000)
5. Sampling a helical wire reinforcement, determine the length under a
5.1 A sample of sufficient length for proper performance of 70-kPa (10-psi) internal pressure.
the required tests shall be cut from the hose when possible 6.2 Outside Diameter and Reinforcement Diameter—
without impairing its use and the pieces of hose from which Measure the circumference with a flexible tape and determine
samples have thus been cut shall be accepted by the purchaser the diameter by calculation. Use of a pi (p) tape graduated to
as full length, provided the hose meets the specified require- read the diameter directly is acceptable. On diameters of 25
ments. The length of samples required depends on the tests mm (1 in.) or less, caliper measurements are acceptable when
which are required. The following will show the minimum at least two measurements are made approximately 90° apart
length required for the various tests: and the measurements averaged. The measuring device shall be
5.1.1 Thickness of Tube, Cover, and Rubber Elements; capable of measuring in increments of 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) or
Tensile Strength and Elongation (Original); Adhesion: less. All diameter measurements shall be made at least 25 mm
Nominal Bore Diameter, Sample Length, mm (in.) (1 in.) distance back from the ends of the hose.
mm (in.)
below 19 (0.75) 900 (36)
6.3 Inside Diameter— On hose up to and including nominal
19 to 31.5 (0.75 to 1.25) 750 (30) inside diameter of 75 mm (3 in.) suitable expanding ball gages,
over 31.5 (1.25) 600 (24) telescoping gages, or cylindrical-plug gages shall be used.
5.1.2 Volumetric Expansion—For all sizes 450 mm (18 in.) 6.3.1 The measuring devices shall have the following mini-
5.1.3 Straight Burst— For hose nominal 76 mm (3 in.) and mum precision:
smaller, 450 mm (18 in.); for hose over 76 mm in inside Nominal Bore Diameter, Plug Gages, Calipers, Scales,
diameter 600 mm (24 in.) but not exceeding 900 mm (36 in.). mm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.)
25 (1) or less 0.25 (0.01)
Use 900 mm for all sizes of jacketed rubberlined fire hose. over 25 to 50 (1 to 2) 0.50 (0.02)
over 50 to 75 (2 to 3) 0.75 (0.03)
NOTE 1—Volumetric samples can be used for burst tests when hose is over 75 (3) 0.25 (0.01)
nominal 76 mm (3 in.) inside diameter and smaller. 150 (6) or more 0.50 (0.02) 0.50 (0.02)
5.1.4 Curved Burst— For all bore diameters of hose, 900
6.3.1.1 Plug gates shall have the maximum increments in
mm (36 in.).
diameter as given above and a minimum step length of 9.5 mm
5.1.5 Hold Test—For hose 76 mm (3 in.) and smaller, 450
(0.37 in.).
mm (18 in.); for hose over 76 mm in inside diameter, 600 mm
(24 in.) but not exceeding 900 mm. 6.3.1.2 Ball gages and telescopic gages shall be capable of
5.1.6 Immersion Test—Volume Change and Strength Dete- measuring increments of 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) or less.
rioration: 6.3.2 On hose 150 mm (6 in.) or larger in nominal inside
Nominal Bore Diameter, Sample Length, mm (in.) diameter, in addition to inside calipers, a graduated steel scale
mm (in.) can be used. On hose 150 mm (6 in.) or larger the measuring
below 19 (0.75) 450 (18) device shall be capable of measuring 0.50 mm (0.02 in.) or
19 to 31.5 (0.75 to 1.25) 300 (12)
over 31.5 (1.25) 150 (6) less. With the exception of cylindrical plug gages, at least two
measurements shall be made approximately 90° apart and these
5.1.7 Low-Temperature Test: measurements averaged. For hose that has a visual inside
Nominal Bore Diameter, Sample Length, mm (in.)
mm (in.)
diameter variation at the end of the hose, for example, the
below 31.5 (1.25) 500 (20) flared or necked down end on wire braid reinforced hose,
31.5 to 50 (1.25 to 2) 700 (28) measurements shall be made at least 25 mm (1 in.) distance
over 50 (2) 1 000 (40)
back from the end of the hose.
5.2 Where the construction of the hose does not permit the 6.4 Wall Thickness— Determine the wall thickness at least
cutting of samples as described in 5.1 without impairment of 12 mm from the end of the hose to avoid flare. Use a
use, as in wire inserted hose, dredging sleeves, etc., a separate micrometer with a rounded anvil in contact with the inside of
length having the same specifications shall be provided, either the hose. Contact surface of the anvil should be about 8 mm
as an additional length or as a prolongation built onto the hose. long. Support for the anvil should be smaller in diameter than
Wire shall be omitted from the prolongation or sample length the anvil to avoid inward flare. Care is needed to be sure that
unless the detailed physical tests include requirements that the anvil and the foot are square to the surface of the hose.
measure the effect of the wire or metal elements in the Sufficient force shall be applied to obtain firm contact with, but
construction. Additional length taken for purpose of tests shall not indent, hose surface.
be paid for by the purchaser, provided they conform to the 6.4.1 The minimum wall thickness shall be the minimum
specified requirements. measurement obtained from a series of measurements taken
5.3 The sampling of woven-jacketed rubber-lined hose shall around the circumference of the hose but concentrated in the
be in accordance with detailed specifications for this material. area visually suspected of being thin.
6. Measurement of Hose 6.4.2 The maximum wall thickness shall be the maximum
6.1 Length—Determine the length by means of a steel tape measurement obtained from a series of measurements taken
or calibrated measuring device. It shall not include the length around the circumference of the hose but concentrated in the
of fittings except when specifically so requested and recorded. area visually suspected of being thick.
In the case of woven-jacketed rubber-lined hose, or hose with 6.4.3 The average wall thickness shall be the average of at

2
 D 380 – 94 (2000)
least four measurements taken equidistant around the circum- rubber. Make the separation a little at a time while the rubber
ference of the hose. is gripped near the point of separation. If it is necessary to use
6.5 Wall Concentricity—The difference between the mini- a solvent in the separating operation use commercial isooctane.
mum and maximum wall thickness determined in 6.4.1 and If isooctane is used, place the rubber so as to permit free
6.4.2. evaporation of the solvent from all parts of its surface, and
allow it to rest at least 1 h before being tested.
7. Thickness of Tube, Cover or Other Rubber Elements
7.1 Determine the thickness of a rubber element from any TENSILE STRENGTH AND ELONGATION OF
type of hose in accordance with Method A of Practice D 3767. RUBBER
7.2 Take the thickness of a rubber element adjoining a
11. Procedure
braid- or helical-wound reinforcing member of any material as
the average between two measurements of thickness, one of 11.1 Test in accordance with Test Method D 412. When
which shall be obtained using the unbuffed specimen and the specimen thickness is less than 1.5 mm (0.06 in.) after
other using a specimen that is buffed just sufficiently to remove preparation a greater variation in test values can be anticipated.
the braid or helical corrugations. At times acceptable test specimens cannot be obtained or true
7.3 Take the thickness of a rubber element adjoining a values do not result from dumbbells prepared from the hose. In
seamless woven jacket of any material on a specimen that is such cases substitution of sheet material in accordance with the
buffed just sufficiently to remove the corrugations caused by section on Pieces of Practice D 3183 is recommended.
the woven jacket. Where backing is used on a rubber element, ADHESION TESTS
remove the backing before measuring thickness.
7.4 Determine the thickness of a rubber element adjoining 12. Test Specimens
flexible metal convoluted lining at the valleys formed by the 12.1 From woven-jacketed rubber-lined hose, cut adhesion
tops of the metal convolutions. Prepare the opposite side of the test specimens all transversely from the samples in rings 50
rubber element, adjacent to other reinforcing members, for mm (2 in.) in width. Then open these rings and lay them out flat
thickness measurement as specified in the other paragraphs of so as to give rectangular specimens of length equal to the full
this section, depending on the type of reinforcing member. circumference of the hose. Accurately cut on each specimen a
7.5 Determine the thickness of a rubber element adjoining central strip of lining 38 mm (1.5 in.) in width, the cut
reinforcing fabric woven prior to assembly in the hose on a extending through the lining but not entirely through the woven
specimen that is unbuffed. jacket. Separate these strips from the jacket at one end for a
8. Test Conditions distance of about 38 mm.
12.2 From other types of hose, cut the adhesion test speci-
8.1 The temperature of the testing room shall be between 21
mens transversely from the samples in rings 25 mm (1 in.) in
and 32°C (70 and 90°F). The samples to be tested shall be kept
width using a sharp tool that will leave clean edges. On hose
in this room for at least 30 min previous to the time of testing.
6.5 to 100 mm (0.25 to 4 in.), inclusive, in inside diameter test
In case of arbitration a test atmosphere of 50 6 5 percent
the specimens in ring form and refer to them as “ring
relative humidity at a temperature of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F)
specimens.” For hose over 100 mm in inside diameter cut the
shall be used.
rings through at the point where the outside ply of fabric ends,
NOTE 2—These special test conditions shall be confined to tension and and open them to form strips that shall be referred to as “strip
immersion testing only. specimens.”
12.3 Cut adhesion specimens from hose less than 6.5 mm in
9. Number of Tests
inside diameter longitudinally from the hose (Note 3). Since
9.1 When test value limits are established, test one specimen the width of these specimens will be less than 25 mm (1 in.),
for each physical characteristic required in the detailed speci- determine the adhesion on the contact width of the test
fications for a particular hose, except in the immersion tests specimen.
given in Sections 19-23 inclusive. If the results do not meet the
specified requirements, prepare two additional specimens from NOTE 3—Adhesion tests on hose smaller than 6.5 mm (0.25 in.) are not
recommended, due to the size of the specimen available.
the original sample and test. Should the results of either of
these tests be below the specified requirements, consider the 12.4 In hose constructions having braided wire reinforcing
sample to have failed to meet the specifications. members, it is impractical to prepare adhesion test specimens.
9.2 If test value limits are not established, test at least three 12.5 On hose 19 mm (0.75 in.) to 100 mm (4 in.), inclusive,
specimens and take the median. in inside diameter, having a woven wire filler reinforcement,
prepare specimens for the adhesion test as follows: Cut the
10. Separation of Rubber Parts hose to form a longitudinal specimen 150 mm (6 in.) long and
10.1 Cut a sufficient length from the hose sample to provide 50 mm (2 in.) wide. Flatten the specimen thus prepared and
longitudinal tension test specimens from hose 76 mm (3 in.) draw two parallel lines 25 mm (1 in.) apart along the tube and
and under in nominal diameter and transverse test specimens cover and cut through to the woven carcass. Separate from the
on larger sizes. Separate the rubber parts to be tested from the jacket for a short distance the ends of the central portion
balance of the hose. Perform the separation without the use of between these two cuts. Determine adhesion in accordance
a solvent, if practicable, and without excessive stretching of the with 13.2 for strip specimens.

3
 D 380 – 94 (2000)
13. Procedure through a petcock provided for the purpose. This is important
13.1 Ring Specimens— Test in accordance with the Static- as a safety measure because expansion of air compressed in the
Mass Method or Machine Method of Test Method D 413. hose, when suddenly released by bursting or other failure,
13.2 Strip Specimens— Test in accordance with the Static- might result in serious accident. Then close the petcock and
Mass Method or Machine Method of Test Method D 413. apply the pressure at a uniform rate of increase of approxi-
13.3 For hose with woven wire reinforcement having an mately 7 MPa (1000 psi)/min except for hose with bursting
inside diameter under 19 mm (0.75 in.), the hose may be tested strength specified above 14 MPa (2000 psi), in which case the
for value of tube adhesion by use of the ball-vacuum method as pressure shall be applied at a rate of 70 MPa (10 000 psi)/min
follows: Lay sections of hose in a straight line on an inclined or as rapidly as pump capacity will permit. Measure the
table. Pass a steel ball, 3.18 mm (0.125 in.) less in diameter pressure with a calibrated gage.
than the nominal inside diameter of the hose, through the hose NOTE 4—The specified rate of 7 MPa (1000 psi)/min requires too much
while the internal pressure is 60 6 10 kPa (186 3 in. Hg) time for small-diameter high-strength hose, such as hydraulic brake hose,
below the external pressure. wire-reinforced grease gun hose, etc. With 3.2-mm (0.125-in.) hydraulic
13.4 Report: brake hose, pressure increases at rates as high as 280 MPa (40 000
13.4.1 The report shall include the following: psi)/min are satisfactory.
13.4.1.1 Value of the adhesions obtained by the Static-Mass 15.2 Apply aerostatic pressure by connecting the hose or
Method in accordance with 13.1 and 13.2 as average millime- hose assembly to a source of air or nitrogen gas pressure.
tres per second (or inches per minute) of separation under a Submerge the hose and couplings entirely in water such that
stated mass required to separate specimens at an average rate of visual observations of the hose assembly is permitted. Apply
0.42 mm/s (or 1 in./min), the specified internal pressure, measured with a calibrated
13.4.1.2 Value of the adhesions obtained by the Machine gage, and maintain for the specified period of time. Any
Method (see the Calculation section of Test Method D 413) in evidence of leakage from the hose or couplings shall be
accordance with 13.1 and 13.2, and reported. Initial appearance of bubbles may be an indication of
13.4.1.3 Value of adhesion obtained in accordance with air entrapped in the hose wall. Agitate the hose after 2 min to
13.3, as ball passing or not passing. break the air bubbles from the hose surface. Following this a
13.5 Precision and Bias—The precision and bias of the steady stream of bubbles from any location shall be considered
Static-Mass and Machine Methods are given in Test Method failure to meet the test.
D 413. No statement is made about either the precision or bias 16. Bursting Tests
of the ball method for measuring adhesion of hose lining since
the results merely indicate whether there is conformance to the 16.1 Straight Bursting Test—The specimen for the hydro-
criteria specified in the procedure. static test for bursting strength shall be at least 450 mm (18 in.)
in length for hose 76 mm (3 in.) and smaller in inside diameter,
PRESSURE TESTS and at least 600 mm (24 in.) in length for larger hose. Shorter
or longer lengths may be burst tested when circumstances
14. Types of Tests dictate, for example, when a burst on a manufactured part is
14.1 Hydrostatic tests of hose consist of subjecting the specified. The pressure shall be raised as specified in Section
specimen to the action of internal water pressure under 15, until failure, and the pressure at which failure occurs shall
specified conditions to determine either the bursting strength of be considered the bursting strength of the hose.
the hose or the effect of lower hydrostatic pressures in 16.2 Curved Bursting Test—The curved bursting strength
producing changes similar to those occurring in service. In the test for woven rubber-lined fire hose shall be made in accor-
latter case, the test may be used as an inspection proof test with dance with 16.1, except that the hose shall be firmly secured at
a minimum safe limit. Bursting strength is determined on short both ends to a suitable test frame which is curved to a radius of
specimens cut from the full hose lengths, but in tests for service 690 mm (27 in.).
effects and for proof inspection, the full lengths are used as 16.3 Precision and Bias:
specimens. The specimens may be tested, as required, in 16.3.1 This precision and bias section has been prepared in
straight, curved, or kinked positions, depending upon the accordance with Practice D 4483. Refer to Practice D 4483 for
stresses which are desired to be evaluated. terminology and other statistical calculation details.
14.2 Aerostatic pressure tests of hose consist of subjecting 16.3.2 The precision results in this precision and bias
the specimen to the action of internal air or nitrogen gas section give an estimate of the precision of this test method
pressure under specified conditions to determine the integrity with the rubber materials used in the particular inter-laboratory
and leak resistance of the hose or hose assembly. Normally the program is described below. The precision parameters should
hose or hose assembly is submerged under water and a constant not be used for acceptance/rejection testing of any group of
stream of bubbles is an indication of leakage. materials without documentation that they are applicable to
those particular materials and the specific testing protocols that
15. Application of Pressure include this test method.
15.1 Apply hydrostatic pressure by means of a hand- or 16.3.2.1 A Type 1 (inter-laboratory) precision was evaluated
power-driven hydraulic pump or an accumulator system. Con- in 1989. Both repeatability and reproducibility are short-term;
nect the hose to the waterline or pump and fill with water prior a period of a few days separate replica to test results. A test
to application of pressure, allowing all air in the hose to escape result is the average value as specified by this method, obtained

4
 D 380 – 94 (2000)
on two determinations or measurements of the property or centage of the mean level, (r) and (R), have equivalent
parameter in question. application statements as above for r and R. For the (r) and ( R)
(1) Seven different types of hose were used in the inter- statements, the difference in the two single results is expressed
laboratory program. These were tested in varying numbers of as a percentage of the rhythmic mean of the two test results.
laboratories as given in Table 1 on two different days. 16.3.3 Bias—In test method terminology, bias is the differ-
(2) The results of the precision calculations for repeatabil- ence between an average test value and the reference (or true)
ity and reproducibility are given in Table 1 in ascending order test property value. Reference values do not exist for this test
of average hose burst pressure expressed in MPa. method since the value (of the test property) is exclusively
(3) The precision of this test method may be expressed in defined by the test method. Bias, therefore, cannot be deter-
the format of the following statements which use an appropri- mined.
ate value of r, R (r) or (R), to be used in decisions of test results.
17. Hydrostatic Pressure Tests
The appropriate value is that value of r or R associated with a
mean value in the precision table closest to the main level 17.1 When tests for elongation, contraction, twist, warp,
under consideration at any given time, for any given hose in rise, and outside diametrical expansion are required, the hose
routine testing operations. shall be stretched out straight for inspection, and a pressure of
(4) Repeatability—The repeatability, r, of this test method 70 kPa (10 psi) applied. All original observations and measure-
has been established as the appropriate value tabulated in the ments shall be taken at this pressure. Measurements shall be
precision table. Two single test results, obtained under normal made using a graduated tape. The designated test pressure shall
test method procedures, that differ by more than this tabulated be applied at the rate specified in Section 15, without releasing
r (for any given level) must be considered as derived from the original pressure of 70 kPa (10 psi), and final measure-
different or non-identical sample populations. ments taken. The test pressure shall be applied for a minimum
(5) Reproducibility—The reproducibility, R, of this test of 15 s prior to taking final measurements.
method has been established as the appropriate value tabulated NOTE 5—The application of a pressure of 70 kPa (10 psi) prior to initial
in the precision table. Two single test results obtained in two measurements is to assure that the hose is round, straight, and at
different laboratories, under normal test method procedures, manufactured length at the time of measurement. On very low pressure
that differ by more than the tabulated R (for any given level) hose, such as ducting, this initial pressure might have a major effect on the
must be considered to have come from different or non- attributes being measured. In such cases a lower initial pressure will
provide a more valid evaluation of these attributes.
identical sample populations.
(6) Repeatability and reproducibility expressed as a per- 17.1.1 Elongation and Contraction—Measurements for the
determination of elongation and contraction shall be based: (1)
TABLE 1 Precision for Hose Burst StrengthA for hose, on distance between bench marks placed on hose; (2)
Average Within Between
for assemblies, on“ free length,” which is the distance between
No. of
Type
Labora-
Burst Laboratories Laboratories end connections on the hose. The results shall be reported as
Hose Pressure, elongation if the final length is greater than the original length
toriesB Sr r (r) SR R (R)
MPa
and as contraction if the final length is less than the original
500 13 2.82 0.121 0.34 12.2 0.229 0.65 23.2
800 14 5.51 0.346 0.98 17.8 0.455 1.29 23.4
length. All results shall be reported to the nearest 1 %.
1600 13 15.2 0.558 1.58 10.4 1.21 3.42 22.5 17.1.2 Twist—The amount of twist may be determined by
2500 10 15.9 0.294 0.83 5.21 0.821 2.32 14.6 noting, during the period the pressure is applied, the turns of
8000 9 75.7 1.53 4.32 5.71 2.67 7.58 10.05
14 000 11 134.4 3.51 9.92 7.38 4.08 11.54 8.59
the fitting at the free end of the hose. A crayon or pencil mark
20 000 10 179.8 5.74 16.2 9.01 12.1 34.2 19.01 on the top surface of the hose adjacent to the closed coupling
should be made so as to aid in determining the twist. Twist
Average Within Between sometimes occurs quite rapidly. The amount of twist shall be
No. of
Hose
Labora-
Burst Laboratory Laboratories reported to the nearest 45°. The direction of twist shall be
Pressure Pressure,
tories
psi Sr r (r) SR R (R)
reported as “right” or “left,” a“ right” twist being one in the
direction that would tend to tighten the couplings.
500 13 410 17.6 50 12.2 33 94 23.0
800 14 800 50 142 17.8 66 187 23.4
17.1.3 Warp—Warping in hose tests is the deviation from a
1600 13 2210 81 229 10.4 175 496 22.4 straight line drawn from fitting to fitting in a plane parallel to
2500 10 2310 42 120 5.2 119 337 14.6 the surface on which the hose rests. The amount of warping is
8000 9 10 980 222 627 5.7 388 1099 10.0
14 000 11 19 510 508 1440 7.4 592 1675 8.6 the maximum deviation of any portion of the hose from a
20 000 10 26 100 832 2356 9.0 1755 4967 19.0 straight line drawn from center to center of the fittings. The
warp is measured as the distance from this line to the center
A
Symbols are defined as follows: line of the hose at the point of maximum deviation. A tightly
stretched cord may be used to establish the straight line from
Sr = Within laboratory standard deviation. center to center of the fittings. Results shall be reported to the
r = Repeatability (in measurement units). nearest 5 mm or 0.25 in.
(r) = Repeatability (in percent).
SR = Between laboratory standard deviations. 17.1.4 Rise—The amount the hose rises from the surface of
R = Reproducibility (in measurement units). the test table shall be considered as “rise” and recorded as such.
(R) = Reproducibility (in percent). Results shall be reported to the nearest 5 mm or 0.25 in.
B
Number of laboratories participating in testing this type of hose. 17.1.5 Outside Diameter Expansion—Change in

5
 D 380 – 94 (2000)
Circumference—While the hose is under the specified original liquid.5 The apparatus shall be capable of applying the pressure
pressure, make three crayon or pencil marks equally spaced at a rate of increase of 3 6 mPa/s [25 000 6 10 000
along its length. Measure the circumference at each of these lbf/(in2.·min)]. A suitable apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.
marks, using a suitable tape, and record the average of these 18.2 Calibration of Apparatus—The apparatus shall be
values. After the specified test pressure has been applied for the tested prior to use to determine its calibration correction factor.
required time, again make circumference measurements at the For this purpose, 6.3-mm (0.25-in.)-diameter Bundy steel
same three places on the hose and record the average for these tubing or its equivalent shall be used in place of the hose
three readings. Calculate the expansion, and report results to assembly. Calibration correction factors shall be established at
the nearest 1 %. specified expansion pressure, and these shall be subtracted
from the expansion readings obtained on the test specimens.
17.2 When tests for elongation and contraction are required
The maximum permissible calibration correction factor shall
on wire-braided reinforced hose, such hose shall be tested by
be 0.08 cm3 at 10 MPa (1500 psi).
applying a pressure equivalent to the maximum pressure to
18.3 Procedure—Carefully thread the test specimen into
which the hose is to be used for 30 s, at which time the length position on the apparatus in such a way as to provide a
shall be measured. A second reading between 20 and 30 s after leak-proof seal, taking care to avoid twisting and to maintain
the pressure has been released to zero shall then be designated the hose in a vertical position without tension while under
as the original length and the change in length (contraction or pressure. Fill the tank, C, Fig. 1, with alcohol or distilled water,
elongation) calculated as a percentage of the original length. taking care that it is free of air or dissolved gases. Then open
17.3 Proof Pressure Tests (except for woven-jacketed fire valve B and turn crank D to the left to allow the maximum
hose)—When proof pressure tests to determine leakage of hose amount of liquid to flow into the master cylinder. Next open
or couplings are required, the proof pressure shall be applied in valves E, F, and G, allowing the liquid to run from tank C
accordance with Section 15, and held 1 min. The proof through buret K until no air bubbles are seen in the buret.
pressure shall not exceed 50 % of the specified minimum Removal of air bubbles may be facilitated by moving the hose
bursting strength. back and forth. Then close valves B and F and raise the
17.4 Kink Tests—When kink tests are required, each length pressure in the hose to proof pressure for not more than 10 s.
of hose selected shall be filled with water with the petcock After inspection for leaks at the connections, completely
open to allow all air to escape. The petcock shall then be closed release the pressure in the hose by opening valve F, which shall
and the hose shall be kinked 450 mm (18 in.) from the coupling then be closed before proceeding with the next step. Now
by tying the coupling back against the hose so that there will be adjust the liquid level in buret K to zero by means of valve G.
a sharp kink. The pressure shall then be raised as specified in Turn crank D to the right until gage A shows the desired
Section 15, to the required pressure and immediately released. expansion pressure. Seal this pressure in the hose by closing
valve E, after which take the expansion immediately by
17.5 Hold Test—When a hold test is specified instead of a opening valve F and allowing the liquid in the expanded hose
bursting test, pressure shall be applied as specified in Section to rise in the buret. As soon as the liquid level has become
15 until the required pressure is reached. The specimen shall constant, close valve F and take the reading on buret K. This
withstand the specified pressure for a 10-min period without operation shall be repeated so that the final reading taken on
bursting, leaking, or developing other defects. Specimens that buret K will be the total of three expansions. This reading,
have been subjected to this test shall not be considered fit for divided by three minus the calibration factor, shall be consid-
service. ered as the final volumetric expansion of the hose. If the
17.6 Precision and Bias—No statement is made about either pressure in the hose should inadvertently be raised just prior to
the precision or bias of the proof pressure, kink, and hold tests the expansion reading to a value above that specified, no
since the results merely indicate whether there is conformance reading shall be taken, but instead, the pressure shall be
to the criteria specified in the procedure. Data are being completely released and the procedure repeated.
collected to determine the precision and bias of the other 18.4 Precision and Bias—Data are being collected to deter-
hydrostatic pressure tests. mine the precision and bias of the volumetric expansion test.

18. Volumetric Expansion Test IMMERSION TESTS FOR CHANGE IN VOLUME

AND DETERIORATION OF HOSE USED FOR
18.1 Apparatus—The test apparatus used shall consist es- PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
sentially of the following: A suitable source for the required
fluid pressures, pressure gages, piping, valves, fittings in which 19. Types of Tests
the hose assembly may be mounted in a vertical position for 19.1 Immersion tests for evaluating the change in volume
application of pressure under controlled conditions, and a and deteriorating effects of petroleum products on rubber hose
graduated buret for measuring the volume of liquid corre- consist of subjecting suitable test specimens from the rubber
sponding to the expansion of the hose under pressure. All portion having known physical properties to the action of
piping and connections shall be smooth bore without recesses
or offsets, so that all air may be freely removed from the
system before running each test. The valves shall be of such 5
Crane Glove Valve No. 222X, or equivalent, has been found satisfactory for this
design as to open and close with minimum displacement of purpose.

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 D 380 – 94 (2000)

A—Pressure gage of 10 000-psi capacity. F—Valve above hose.

B—Control valve from tank C. G—Valve controlling flow into buret.
C—Pressure-medium tank (vented on top). H—Hose in slack position.
D—Screw operated master cylinder. J—Fluid line valve.
E—Valve controlling line from master cylinder K—Buret graduated in 0.1 cm.3
to hose.
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Expansion Test

selected test liquids by immersing the specimens completely in Celsius Fahrenheit

the liquid under controlled conditions for definite periods, after Temperature Temperature
21 to 32 70 to 90
which the physical properties are again determined and the 70 6 2 158 6 3.6
changes noted. Two types of test are covered, as follows: 100 6 2 12 6 3.6
19.1.1 Change in Volume Test—This type of test involves 125 6 2 257 6 3.6
150 6 2 302 6 3.6
measurement of the change in volume of the rubber caused by
the action of the liquid. Generally when the test liquid is a fuel, for example, the
19.1.2 Strength Deterioration Test—This test measures temperature during the immersion period shall be 21 to 32°C
changes in strength. (70 to 90°F). When the test liquid is an oil, any one of the three
19.2 In any of the immersion tests, the choice of test method elevated temperatures may be used.
and test liquid depends upon the nature of the actual service 21.2 Immersion Periods—Immersion periods of 22 6 0.25
and the petroleum product which is being used. h and 70 6 0.7 h are recommended. Immersion tests shall be
20. Test Liquids made in the absence of direct light.
20.1 Consider the reference fuels and oils described in the 22. Change in Volume Test
Standard Test Liquids section of Test Method D 471 as
standard immersion test media for hose, and make the choice 22.1 Test Specimens— The test specimens shall be rectan-
appropriate for the test from them unless other liquids are gular rubber blocks, 50 by 25 mm (2 by 1 in.), having a
specifically required. In any case, report the liquid actually thickness not over 1.6 mm (0.063 in.). They shall be cut from
used with the test results. the hose and buffed on both faces only to the extent necessary
to ensure smoothly buffed faces, except when the material is
21. Test Conditions too thick, in which case the buffing shall be sufficient to reduce
21.1 Temperature— Unless otherwise specified in the ap- the specimens to 1.6 mm (0.063 in.). Three specimens shall be
plicable specifications, the test temperatures shall be selected used for each test and the results averaged.
from the following, depending upon the anticipated service 22.2 Procedure—Test in accordance with the Procedure for
temperature: Change in Volume section of Test Method D 471.

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 D 380 – 94 (2000)
22.3 Calculation— Calculate the percentage change in vol- 25.2 Procedure—After conditioning and without removal
ume in accordance with the Calculation section of Test Method from the cold chamber, bend the nose around a mandrel having
D 471. a diameter ten times the outside diameter of the hose; it shall
not break or crack. Bending shall be completed within 5 s. The
23. Strength Deterioration Test mandrel size shall be by 25-mm (1-in.) increments. Where ten
23.1 Test Specimens— Six dumbbell-shaped test specimens, times the hose outside diameter is not an even 25 mm (1 in.),
prepared as described in Test Methods D 412, except minimum the next larger mandrel shall be used. This test shall be
specimen thickness of 0.80 mm (0.031 in.), shall be required. applicable to hose having a maximum nominal inside diameter
Both faces of dumbbell shall be buffed. of 76 mm (3 in.).
23.2 Procedure—Test three specimens for tensile strength 25.3 To aid in determining whether or not the hose has
and elongation in accordance with Test Methods D 412, except failed the bend test, the hose, after the test, may be placed
average the results to give the properties of the rubber before under a hydrostatic pressure equivalent to the hose proof
immersion. Follow the Properties After Evaporation of Test pressure.
Liquid section of Test Method D 471 for immersion procedure
on the remaining three dumbbells. Express the deterioration 26. Low-Temperature Test on Tube and Cover
shown by the difference between the determinations before and 26.1 Apparatus:
after immersion as a percentage of the original property. 26.1.1 Cold Chamber— The cold chamber in which the test
23.3 Precision and Bias—The precision and bias of the test specimens are exposed to the low temperature shall be of
for deterioration on fluid immersion are given in Test Method sufficient size to contain the flexing fixture when loaded with
D 471. specimens, and so arranged as to permit the operation of the
fixture to bend specimens without removal from the chamber.
LOW-TEMPERATURE TESTS It shall be capable of maintaining within it a uniform atmo-
sphere of cold, dry air or a mixture of air and carbon dioxide
24. Types of Tests
at specified temperatures (Note 7) within a tolerance of6 2°C
24.1 Low-temperature tests are made on complete sections (63.6°F).
of hose as described in Section 25, or on the tube and cover, as 26.1.2 Flexing Fixture— The flexing fixture shall consist of
described in Section 26. two parallel plates each having a width of at least 50 mm (2
25. Low-Temperature Test on Complete Hose in.), so supported in guides that they may be rapidly moved
from a position 63.5 mm (2.5 in.) apart until they are separated
25.1 Conditioning— Condition the hose while laid out by a distance of 25 mm (1 in.). Suitable clamping bars or
straight in a cold chamber at the specified temperature for a devices shall be provided for holding the ends of the specimens
period of 72 h. The cold chamber shall be capable of for a distance of 6.3 mm (0.25 in.) at the corresponding edge of
maintaining within it a uniform atmosphere of cold, dry air or each plate so that, when mounted, the specimens form similar
a mixture of air and carbon dioxide at specified temperature bent loops between the plates. A satisfactory flexing fixture is
(Note 6) within a tolerance of6 2°C (63.6°F). shown in Fig. 2.
NOTE 6—Temperatures of − 40 and − 55°C (−40 and − 67°F) are com- 26.2 Test Specimens— Specimens of hose tube and cover
monly used. shall be taken from hose in accordance with Section 10. They

FIG. 2 Flexing Fixture for Low-Temperature Brittleness Test

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 D 380 – 94 (2000)
shall be buffed to a maximum thickness of 2.3 mm (0.09 in.), non-ozone absorbant material.
then cut to shape, using die C as specified in Test Method 27.2.2 Procedure:
D 412. At least two specimens from each tube and cover shall 27.2.2.1 Specimen Preparation—For hose 25 mm (1 in.) in
be tested. inside diameter or smaller, bend a specimen of hose of full
26.3 Procedure—Mount the test specimens in loop position circumference around the mandrel and tie ends together where
between the plates of the flexing fixture, with the enlarged ends they cross one another. The mandrel shall have a diameter eight
spaced at least 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) apart and held in the clamps times the nominal outside diameter of the hose. The specimen
for a distance of 6.3 mm (0.25 in.). With the plates in the open length shall be about 250 mm (10 in.) longer than the mandrel
position separated 63.5 mm (2.5 in.), place the fixture contain- circumference. Seal the ends of the hose with plugs or caps in
ing the specimens in the cold chamber and expose for the such a manner that the reinforcement and inner liner will not be
specified period to cold, dry air or a mixture of air and carbon exposed to ozone. This will allow for more uniform control of
dioxide at the specified temperature. The standard exposure ozone concentration in the test chamber, since ozone will not
period shall be 5 h (Note 7). At the termination of the exposure be consumed by material not under test. For hose over 25 mm
period and while still in the cold chamber, move the plates of in inside diameter, transversely remove a 25-mm width of the
the flexing fixture as rapidly as possible from the 63.5-mm hose cover. Lightly buff the under side of the specimen to
(2.5-in.) distance of separation to a position where they are 25 remove any reinforcement impressions. Place the specimen in
mm (1 in.) apart. Then examine the specimens for fracture or a jig or holder and elongate 12.5 %.
visible cracks. 27.2.2.2 Conditioning— The specimen under relevant stress
shall be conditioned 48 to 72 h in a substantially ozone-free
NOTE 7—Formerly two periods were specified, 96 h for natural rubber
compounds and 5 h for synthetic rubber compounds. It was found that 5 atmosphere maintained at the standard laboratory temperature.
h is adequate for either class of compounds within the intent of this test 27.2.2.3 Exposure—Unless otherwise specified, the speci-
method. men shall be exposed to 50 6 5 mPa partial pressure of ozone
26.4 Results—When two specimens are tested and neither in the test chamber at 40 6 2°C (1046 3.6°F) for 70 to 72 h.
one fractures nor shows cracks after being tested, the com- 27.2.2.4 Examination— After exposure and prior to re-
pound shall be considered as having passed the brittleness test. moval of specimen from mandrel or holder, examine for
If both specimens crack, the compound shall be considered to surface cracks under 23 magnification. For hose on mandrel,
have failed. If only one specimen fractures or cracks, the result ignore the area adjacent to the tie point. For specimen in
is inconclusive and two additional specimens shall be tested. If holder, examine the unbuffed side and ignore areas adjacent to
either one of these cracks, the compound shall then be clamp points.
considered to have failed. 27.2.3 Report—The report shall include the following:
26.5 Report—The report shall include the following: 27.2.3.1 Ozone concentration,
26.5.1 Results of the test, expressed as “passed” or “failed,” 27.2.3.2 Exposure time,
26.5.2 Temperature of the cold chamber, 27.2.3.3 Ambient test chamber temperature, and
26.5.3 Duration of the exposure period, 27.2.3.4 Specimen surface condition (cracks or no cracks).
26.5.4 Identification of the material tested, including de- 27.3 Precision and Bias—The precision and bias of the air
scription of any special treatment prior to test, and heat test are given in Test Method D 573 and Test Method
26.5.5 Date of manufacture of the material, if known, and D 865. No statement is made about either the precision or bias
date of test. of the ozone test since the results merely indicate whether there
is conformance to the criteria specified in the procedure.
AGING TESTS OF RUBBER
TENSION TEST
27. Types of Tests
27.1 Air-Heat Test— Determine the change in tensile 28. Summary of Test Method
strength and elongation of rubber parts of hose due to aging at 28.1 This tension test consists of subjecting the hose assem-
atmospheric pressure and elevated temperature as described in bly to increasing tension load in a suitable testing machine until
Test Method D 573 or Test Method D 865, as specified in the failure occurs, either by separation of the specimen from the
detail specification. Unless otherwise specified in the detail end fittings or by failure of the hose structure.
specification, age the specimen at a temperature of 70 6 2°C 28.2 Apparatus:
(158 6 3.6°F) or 100 6 2°C (212 6 3.6°F) for 166 6 1 h. 28.2.1 Tension Testing Machine, conforming to the require-
27.2 Ozone Test—Determine if surface cracks appear after ments of Practice E 4, and provided with an indicating device
exposure to ozone. to give the total pull in newtons (pounds) at the conclusion of
27.2.1 Apparatus: the test.
27.2.1.1 Ozone Test Chamber, in accordance with Test 28.2.2 Hose Assembly, attached to the test machine by
Method D 1149. suitable fixtures so that the hose and fittings shall have a
27.2.1.2 Jig or Holder, that permits elongation of specimen. straight center line corresponding to the direction of the
27.2.1.3 Mandrels. machine pull.
27.2.1.4 Tie Wire. 28.3 Procedure—Apply a steady tension load at a speed
27.2.1.5 Plugs or Caps. such that the moving head of the testing machine travels at the
27.2.1.6 Any apparatus placed in the test chamber shall be rate of 256 3 mm (1.0 6 0.1 in.)/min until failure. Record the

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 D 380 – 94 (2000)
total load at the time of failure and note the type of failure. expense of the purchaser not later than 60 days after receipt of
28.4 Precision and Bias—Data are being collected to deter- the material.
mine the precision and bias of the tension test.
30. Retests and Rejection
29. Inspection 30.1 Any material that fails in one or more tests may be
resampled and retested at the expense of the manufacturer. For
29.1 Make all tests and inspection at the place of manufac- this purpose select two additional samples from the hose.
ture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified. The manu- Failure of either of the retested samples shall be cause for final
facturer shall afford the purchaser, inspector, or representative rejection.
of the purchaser reasonable facilities to test and inspect the 30.2 Rejected material shall be disposed of as directed by
hose without charge. the manufacturer and at his expense.
29.2 The purchaser may make the tests and inspection to
govern the acceptance or rejection of the material in his own 31. Keywords
laboratory or elsewhere. Make such tests and inspection at the 31.1 rubber hose

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