DPA616

Service Manual

www.audac.eu
 Index
Specification 5

Exploded View 6

Exploded View Part List 7

Schematic Diagram 8-14

Electrical Part List 15-22

Printed Circuit Board Diagram 23-25

Personal Notes 26-27

2 3
 Specifications
Output Power Stereo @ 4 Ohm 16 x 60 Watt
(1 kHz, THD 1%) Stereo @ 8 Ohm 16 x 30 Watt
Bridge @ 8 Ohm 8 x 120 Watt

Frequency response 20 Hz - 20 kHz

Signal to Noise Ratio > 100 dB
Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise < 0.1%
Damping factor (8 Ohm) 110
Common Mode Rejection > 65 dB
Crosstalk Paired channels > 65 dB
Unpaired channels > 110 dB

Inputs Type 8 x Stereo Balanced Line (16 Ch)

Sensitivity -20 dB ~ +20 dB
Impedance 20 k Ohm
Connectors 3-pin Terminal block - 3.81 mm

Outputs Type 8 x Stereo Loudspeaker (16 Ch)

Connectors 4-pin Terminal block - 5.08 mm

Controls Gain
Stereo / Bridge & Parallel switch

Indicators Power
Clip (rear)

Protection DC-Short circuit

Over heating
Over load

Cooling system Temperature controlled fan

Amplifier technology Class-D

Power supply Type Switching mode

Range 100-240 V AC / 50-60 Hz

Power consumption Idle 47 Watt

1/8 Rated power 200 Watt
1/3 Rated power 400 Watt

Weight 8.2 Kg
Dimensions (W x H x D) 482 x 88 x 322 mm
Unit height 2HE

Recommended accessories Procab CLA830 Terminal block signal connection cable

Procab CLA832 RCA / Cinch to Terminal block signal connection cable
Procab CLA835 XLR Female to Terminal block signal connection cable

4 5
 Exploded view Assy Parts List
AUDAC part code Description Q’TY
AU895743190 BOX KIT 570X430X190MM (FOAM) 1

Chassis for DPA616 1

AU056160000 CHASSIS MAIN KIT (FILTER) 1
AU056160001 SIDE FRAME KIT (RACK EAR, 6XM3) 2
AU056160003 TOP COVER KIT (8 SCREW) 1
Fuse T2.5L/250V 1
AU515002005 DPA616 - POWER SUPPLY COMPLETE ASSEMBLY 1
AU515002006 POW2 & DPA616 - POWER AMPLIFIER BOARD V2.0 - ASSY 1
AU515002007 DPA616 - IO BOARD V1.2 - ASSY 1
AU515001002 R2 & M2 - CONVERTER PCB - ASSEMBLED (1 PCS) 1
AU515001003 R2 & M2 - POWER FACTOR CORRECTOR PCB - ASSEMBLED 1
AU520002003 CABLE SET FOR R2 & M2 POWER AMPLIFIER KIT 1
AU515002003 R2 & M2 - POW KIT POWER AMPLIFIER COMPLETE ASSEMBLY 1
AU515002004 POW2 & DPA616 - POWER AMPLIFIER BOARD V1.9 - ASSY
AU516160000 INPUT PCB ASSY 1

AU350000101 BALL BEARING FAN 0.25A 24V DC 80x80x25MM 150MM CABLE 1

AU780200001 AC POWER SOCKET JR-101-1FS 1
AU060200001 SILVER CAP POWER KNOB DIAMETER 9 mm 1
AU520002011 POW2 - LOUDSPEAKER OUTPUT CABLE - 200 MM - AMP TO I/O BOARD
AU520002016 POW2 - MUTE CABLE - 400 MM - POWERDSP TO AMP
AU520002015 POW2 - STEREO SHIELDED SIGNALCABLE - 540 MM - I/O BD TO AMP
AU520002014 POW2 - STEREO SHIELDED SIGNALCABLE - 500 MM - I/O BD TO AMP
AU520002013 POW2 - STEREO SHIELDED SIGNALCABLE - 460 MM - I/O BD TO AMP
AU520002012 POW2 - STEREO SHIELDED SIGNAL CABLE - 420 MM - I/O BD TO AMP
AU520002017 POW2 - POWER CABLE SET RED/BLACK/YELLOW + FERRITE - 400 MM
AU895743190 BOX KIT 570X430X190MM (FOAM)

AU710804301 SIGNAL INPUT 3 POLE CONNECTOR(3.81M), SCREW ON TOP 16

AU710803401 4 POLE CONNECTOR (5.08MM), SCREW ON TOP, STRAIGHT 8

6 7
 Schematic Diagram
AMP PCB - Amp1 AMP PCB - Fan

8 9
 AMP PCB - Power

10 11
 Power Supply - Converter PCB - LLC Converter Power Supply - Converter PCB - Output

12 13
 Power Supply - PFC Input - Input 1-2 (x8)

14 15
 Input - power Electrical Parts List
AMP PCB - Amp1 1/3
AUDAC Part code Value Description Designator Footprint
74HC1G125GW 3 state buffer IC9003 SOT353
BSS84 P-channel Enhan- Q9000 sot-23
cement Mode Vertical
D-MOSFET
100nF Capacitor ceramic C1015, C1017, C1020, C1022, C1024, C1027, C1028, 1206
C1029, C2015, C2017, C2020, C2022, C2024, C2027,
C2028, C2029, C3015, C3017, C3020, C3022, C3024,
C3027, C3028, C3029, C4015, C4017, C4020, C4022,
C4024, C4027, C4028, C4029, C5015, C5017, C5020,
C5022, C5024, C5027, C5028, C5029, C6015, C6017,
C6020, C6022, C6024, C6027, C6028, C6029, C7015,
C7017, C7020, C7022, C7024, C7027, C7028, C7029,
C8015, C8017, C8020, C8022, C8024, C8027, C8028,

Output PCB 10nF Capacitor ceramic

C8029
C1, C6 805
10µF/10V Capacitor ceramic C39 805
15nF Capacitor ceramic C1000, C1001, C1018, C1019, C2000, C2001, C2018, 805
C2019, C3000, C3001, C3018, C3019, C4000, C4001,
C4018, C4019, C5000, C5001, C5018, C5019, C6000,
C6001, C6018, C6019, C7000, C7001, C7018, C7019,
C8000, C8001, C8018, C8019
1µF Capacitor ceramic C2, C4 805
1µF/50V Capacitor ceramic C7 805
220nF/63V Capacitor ceramic C1002, C1003, C1014, C1025, C1026, C2002, C2003, CR3216-1206
C2014, C2025, C2026, C3002, C3003, C3014, C3025,
C3026, C4002, C4003, C4014, C4025, C4026, C5002,
C5003, C5014, C5025, C5026, C6002, C6003, C6014,
C6025, C6026, C7002, C7003, C7014, C7025, C7026,
C8002, C8003, C8014, C8025, C8026
220nF/63V Capacitor ceramic C1016, C1021, C2016, C2021, C3016, C3021, C4016, VP45-3.2
C4021, C5016, C5021, C6016, C6021, C7016, C7021,
C8016, C8021
330pF Capacitor ceramic C1031, C1032, C2031, C2032, C3031, C3032, C4031, 805
C4032, C5031, C5032, C6031, C6032, C7031, C7032,
C8031, C8032
33nF Capacitor ceramic C1006, C1008, C2006, C2008, C3006, C3008, C4006, 805
C4008, C5006, C5008, C6006, C6008, C7006, C7008,
C8006, C8008
470nF Capacitor ceramic C1036, C2036, C3036, C4036, C5036, C6036, C7036, 805
C8036
470nF/63V Capacitor MKT C1010, C1011, C2010, C2011, C3010, C3011, C4010, CAP MTK
C4011, C5010, C5011, C6010, C6011, C7010, C7011,
C8010, C8011
47nF Capacitor ceramic C1007, C1009, C2007, C2009, C3007, C3009, C4007, 805
C4009, C5007, C5009, C6007, C6009, C7007, C7009,
C8007, C8009
47nF/63V Capacitor MKT C1004, C1005, C2004, C2005, C3004, C3005, C4004, CAP MTK
C4005, C5004, C5005, C6004, C6005, C7004, C7005,
C8004, C8005
47pF Capacitor ceramic C1023, C2023, C3023, C4023, C5023, C6023, C7023, 805
C8023

16 17
 AMP PCB - Amp1 2/3 AMP PCB - Amp1 3/3
AUDAC Part code Value Description Designator Footprint AUDAC Part code Value Description Designator Footprint
560pF/100V Capacitor ceramic C1012, C1013, C2012, C2013, C3012, C3013, C4012, 805 100K Resistor R9018, R9019 805
C4013, C5012, C5013, C6012, C6013, C7012, C7013,
750/1.5W Resistor R9000 6332[2512]
C8012, C8013
0R Resistor R1010, R2010, R3010, R4010, R5010, R6010, R7010, 805
680nF Capacitor ceramic C1033, C1034, C2033, C2034, C3033, C3034, C4033, 805
R8010
C4034, C5033, C5034, C6033, C6034, C7033, C7034,
C8033, C8034 100 Resistor R6 1206
3300µF/16V Polarized Capacitor C1037, C1038, C2037, C2038, C3037, C3038, C4037, CAPR 5X13X22 10k/1% Resistor R2, R9014, R9020, R1004, R1005, R2004, R2005, R3004, 805
(Axial) C4038, C5037, C5038, C6037, C6038, C7037, C7038, R3005, R4004, R4005, R5004, R5005, R6004, R6005,
C8037, C8038 R7004, R7005, R8004, R8005
2200uF/35V Polarized Capacitor C9006, C9007, C9008, C9009, C9010, C9011, C9012, CAPPR7.5- 12K 1% Resistor R1 805
(Axial) C9013, C9026, C9027, C9028, C9029, C9030, C9031, 16x31.5
16K 1% Resistor R5 805
C9032, C9033
22/1W Resistor R1000, R1001, R2000, R2001, R3000, R3001, R4000, CR6332-2512
47uF/63V Polarized Capacitor C9016, C9017, C9018, C9019, C9036, C9037, C9038, CAPPR2.5-
R4001, R5000, R5001, R6000, R6001, R7000, R7001,
(Axial) C9039, C9042, C9043, C9044, C9045, C9046, C9047, 6.3x15
R8000, R8001
C9048, C9049, C9050, C9051, C9052, C9053, C9054,
C9055, C9056, C9057, C9062 2K2 1% Resistor R3 805
100nF Capacitor ceramic C5, C8, C9040, C9041, C9059, C9060, C9063, C9064 805 33k 1% Resistor R4 805
120pF Capacitor ceramic C9058 805 4.7/0.25W Resistor R1002, R1003, R2002, R2003, R3002, R3003, R4002, CR3216-1206
R4003, R5002, R5003, R6002, R6003, R7002, R7003,
BZV55-C12 Zener Diode 12V D9003 sod80c
R8002, R8003
BZV55-C4V3 Zener Diode 4V3 D9001 SOD80C
7k15/1% Resistor R1006, R1007, R2006, R2007, R3006, R3007, R4006, 805
BZV55-C5V6 Zener Diode 5V6 D9000, D9004 SOD80C R4007, R5006, R5007, R6006, R6007, R7006, R7007,
R8006, R8007
1N4148 Diode D1, D9005 SOD80C
47R Resistor R1015, R2015, R3015, R4015, R5015, R6015, R7015, 805
PMEG4010BEA Diode Schottky D19 sod323
R8015, R9004, R9005, R9006, R9007, R9008, R9009,
HEF4047BT Low-Power Monosta- IC9001 SO14 R9010, R9011
ble/Astable Multivi-
1K Resistor R9012 805
brator
2k Resistor R9003, R9015 805
Header 2 Header, 2-Pin H9000, J1000, J1001, J2000, J2001, J3000, J3001, HDR1X2
J4000, J4001, J5000, J5001, J6000, J6001, J7000, 4k7 Resistor R9002 805
J7001, J8000, J8001
680 Resistor R9016 805
JST B2B-XH-A Header, 2-Pin P4, P5 CN2-2.54
SN74HC244DW Octal Buffer and Line IC9002 DW020
Molex 39263040 Header, 4-Pin K1000, K2000, K3000, K4000, K5000, K6000, K7000, Edge Connector Driver with 3-State
K8000 Outputs
BEAD Inductor L9000, L9001, L9002, L9003, L9004, L9005, L9006, BLM TC648B Fan Controller U1 SO8
L9007, L9008, L9009, L9010, L9011, L9012, L9013,
AU364128920 TDA8920CTH 100W Class D Am- IC1000, IC2000, IC3000, IC4000, IC5000, IC6000, IC7000, HSOP24
L9014, L9015, L9016, L9017, L9018, L9019, L9020,
plifier IC8000
L9021, L9022, L9023, L9024, L9025, L9026, L9027,
L9028, L9029, L9030, L9031, L9032, L9033
AU300002002 22µH Magnetic-Core L1002, L1003, L2002, L2003, L3002, L3003, L4002, Coil 16rhbp
Inductor L4003, L5002, L5003, L6002, L6003, L7002, L7003,
L8002, L8003
3.3uH Magnetic-Core L1000, L1001, L2000, L2001, L3000, L3001, L4000, Coil B82477
Inductor L4001, L5000, L5001, L6000, L6001, L7000, L7001,
L8000, L8001
LM311D Voltage Comparator IC9004 SOIC8
LM3480IM3-5.0 Series 3-Terminal VR1 sot23
Positive Regulator
JST B3B-XH-A Header, 3-Pin K1001, K1002, K2001, K2002, K3001, K3002, K4001, CN3-2.54
K4002, K5001, K5002, K6001, K6002, K7001, K7002,
K8001, K8002, K9000, K9001, K9002
PMV213SN N-Channel MOSFET Q1 SOT23A
Spade plug Plug P1, P2, P3 Power pin
10 Resistor R9017 805

18 19
 Input PCB 1/2 Input PCB 2/2
AUDAC Part code Value Description Designator Footprint AUDAC Part code Value Description Designator Footprint
Led LD1, LD2, LD3, LD4, LD5, LD6, LD7, LD8, LD9, LED3MM RPot Potentiometer P1_1, P2_1, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P11, RK-
LD10, LD11, LD12, LD13, LD14, LD15, LD16 P12, P13, P14, P15, P16 09K1130A8G
1K Resistor R15, R25, R35, R45, R55, R65, R75, R85, R95, 0805 - dupli- SW-SPDT SPDT Subminiature Toggle S1_1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8 SS57010F-
R105, R115, R125, R135, R145, R155, R165 cate Switch, Right Angle Moun- 0102-LT
ting, Vertical Actuation
1K8 Resistor R19, R29, R39, R49, R59, R69, R79, R89, R99, 0805 - dupli-
R100, R109, R119, R129, R139, R149, R159, R169 cate TL084CD General-Purpose J-FET IC1, IC2, IC3, IC4, IC5, IC6, IC7, IC8 SOic14
Quad Operational Amplifier
4,7uF/16V C11, C12, C14, C21, C22, C24, C31, C32, C34, C41, 0805 - dupli-
C42, C44, C51, C52, C54, C61, C62, C64, C71, C72, cate
C74, C81, C82, C84, C91, C92, C94, C101, C102,
C104, C111, C112, C114, C121, C122, C124, C131,
C132, C134, C141, C142, C144, C151, C152, C154,
C161, C162, C164
10K Resistor R11, R12, R13, R14, R21, R22, R23, R24, R31, R32, 0805 - dupli-
R33, R34, R41, R42, R43, R44, R51, R52, R53, R54, cate
R61, R62, R63, R64, R71, R72, R73, R74, R81, R82,
R83, R84, R91, R92, R93, R94, R101, R102, R103,
R104, R111, R112, R113, R114, R121, R122, R123,
R124, R131, R132, R133, R134, R141, R142, R143,
R144, R151, R152, R153, R154, R161, R162, R163,
R164
12K Resistor R17, R27, R37, R47, R57, R67, R77, R87, R97, 0805 - dupli-
R107, R117, R127, R137, R147, R157, R167 cate
14K Resistor R18, R28, R38, R48, R58, R68, R78, R88, R98, 0805 - dupli-
R108, R118, R128, R138, R148, R158, R168 cate
22p C13, C23, C33, C43, C53, C63, C73, C83, C93,
C103, C113, C123, C133, C143, C153, C163
0805 - dupli-
cate
Output PCB
AUDAC Part code Value Description Designator Footprint
22uH Inductor L1, L2 COIL M
phoenix 4 x 5.08 Header, 4-Pin K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, K8 4p header
100 Resistor R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R20, R30, 0805 - dupli-
5.08mm
R40, R50, R60, R70, R80, R90, R1001, R1002, cate
R1101, R1102, R1201, R1202, R1301, R1302,
R1401, R1402, R1501, R1502, R1601, R1602
100nF Capacitor C15, C25, C35, C45, C55, C65, C75, C85, C95, 0805 - dupli-
C105, C115, C125, C135, C145, C155, C165, C182, cate
C183, C184, C185
120R Resistor R16, R26, R36, R46, R56, R66, R76, R86, R96, 0805 - dupli-
R106, R116, R126, R136, R146, R156, R166 cate
136-03ST Header, 3-Pin K1, out1-2, out3-4, out5-6, out7-8, out9-10, CN3-2.54
out11-12, out13-14, out15-16
470uF/35V Polarized Capacitor (Radial) C180, C181 CAPR 5X10X15
(PITCH 5)
BAT54WS-V- Diode D4, D24, D34, D44, D54, D64, D74, D84, D94, SOD323
GS08 D104, D114, D124, D134, D144, D154, D164
AU470100847 BC847 NPN High-voltage Transistor T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, SOT23
T13, T14, T15, T16
Header 2 Header, 2-Pin Led CN2-2.54
Header 3 Header, 3-Pin In1a_1, In2, In3, In4, In5, In6, In7, In8, In9, In10, Phoenix 3.81 3
In11, In12, In13, In14, In15, In16
LM7815 Series 3-Terminal Positive IC17 TO-220AB
Regulator
LM7915 3-Terminal Negative IC18 TO-220AB
Regulator
PESD5V0U1BA Diode D11, D12, D21, D22, D31, D32, D41, D42, D51, SOD323
D52, D61, D62, D71, D72, D81, D82, D91, D92,
D101, D102, D111, D112, D121, D122, D131,
D132, D141, D142, D151, D152, D161, D162

20 21
 Power Supply - Converter PCB 1/2 Power Supply - Converter PCB 2/2
AUDAC Part code Value Description Designator Footprint AUDAC Part code Value Description Designator Footprint
See Output_Inductors. T3 SPOEL COMMON 1M2 1% Resistor R23 805
pdf MODE
220k 1% Resistor R31, R34 805
CST2-100LB T1 CST2
2K7 1% Resistor R10, R15, R19, R21, 805
AU360201395 NCP1395ADR2G IC2 dip16 R26
AU360205181 NCP5181PG IC1 dip8 300k Resistor R5 1206
Transfo_4 T2 Transfo ETD59 30k 1% Resistor R24, R51, R52 805
AU330200001 MURS160T3G 1 Amp Medium Power Silicon Rectifier Diode D1 sma diode 330k 1% Resistor R35 805
100nF Capacitor C1 1206 3k3 1% Resistor R17, R28, R37 805
100nF Capacitor C3, C16, C18 805 470 Resistor R16, R27 805
10nF Capacitor C19, C44 805 470k Resistor R2, R7 1206
1nF Capacitor C6, C9, C12 805 4M7 Resistor R38 RES MRS25S
220pF Capacitor C5 805 56k Resistor R29 805
22nF/1600V Capacitor C4 Cap PP8.5x21.5x30, 5k6 1% Resistor R32 805
p=27.5
68 1% Resistor R14 805
22nF Capacitor C7, C10 805
BZV55-C7V5 Zener Diode D8 sod80c
2n2/Y1 Capacitor C20 Cap Y1
4,7uF Capacitor C13 1206
4,7µF Capacitor C17 1206
NU Capacitor, Resistor C8, C11, C14, R25 805
HDR1X3 Connector P1 400V 3pin
AU330200002 MBR20200CTG Diode D9, D10, D11, D12 TO-220AB
AU471000846 BC846BLT1 General Purpose Transistor NPN Silicon Q3 318-08
AU475002060 SPW20N60C3 HEXFET N-Channel Power MOSFET Q1, Q2 TO-247
1N4148 High Conductance Fast Diode D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7 sod80c
PCV-2-473-10L Magnetic-Core Inductor L1 Spoel CD technolo-
gies 2.4x23.8x24.4
AU362520817 PC817X4J0000F Optoisolator U1, U3 dip4
Plug Plug P2, P6, P7 Power pin
1000uF/35V Polarized Capacitor (Radial) C22, C23, C24, C25, CAPPR5-12.5x25
C29, C30, C31, C32
1000uF/63V Polarized Capacitor (Radial) C26, C27 CAPPR7.5-16x35.5
220uF/35Vdc Polarized Capacitor (Radial) C21, C28 CAPPR5-10x12.5
4.7uF/50V Polarized Capacitor (Radial) C2 CAPPR2-5x6.8
NU Polarized Capacitor (Radial) C15 CAPPR2-5x6.8
TL431CD Programmable Precision Reference U2, U4 751-05
0R Resistor R30 805
10 Resistor R3, R6 AXIAL-0.3
100k 1% Resistor R33 805
100R 1% Resistor R12, R20 805
10k Resistor R4, R8, R39, R40 1206
150k 1% Resistor R36 805
18R Resistor R1 805
1k 1% Resistor R9, R13, R18, R22 805
1k2 1% Resistor R11 805

22 23
 Power Supply - PFC PCB Printed Circuit Board Diagram
AUDAC Part code Value Description Designator Footprint
AU462802001 PCA EPC3245-15-RC
GBPC3504W
Inductor 1000µH/4,58A/550W
Bridge Rectifier 35A/400V
L2
IC2
PFC inductor
gelijkrichter
Amp PCB
AU366102101 NCP1013AP065G Self-Supplied monolithic switcher 65KHz/350mA IC1 dip8
AU366102165 NCP1653PG PFC Controller IC3 dip8
1N5408 3A/1000V Medium Power Silicon Rectifier Diode D5 DO-201AD
US1J 1A/600V Medium Power Silicon Rectifier Diode D1, D2, D4 SMA diode
100nF Capacitor C15, C18 805
1nF Capacitor C2, C14, C16, C17 805
220pF 1kV Capacitor C5 Cap ECK
2n2/Y1 250V Capacitor C9, C10 Cap Y1
330nF 400 Vdc Capacitor C20, C6 Cap polyester
7x12.5x18, p=15
470nF/X1 250V Capacitor C11, C19 Cap X1 15x25x31,
p=27.5
Not used Capacitor C13 Cap X1 15x25x31,
p=27.5
HDR1X3 Connector P1
HDR1X3 Connector P2
Fuse 2 Fuse F1 Fuse
AU475002060 SPW20N60C3 HEXFET N-Channel Power MOSFET 20A/650V Q1 TO-247
8ETH06 High Conductance Fast Diode 8A/600V D6 TO-220ac
RFB0810-182L Inductor 1,8mH/0,32A L1 Spoel ELC09
AU362520817 PC817XJ0000F Optoisolator U1 dip4
220uF 450V Elco Polarized Capacitor (Radial) C7, C8 CAPPR 10x30x35
22uF 35V Elco Polarized Capacitor (Radial) C12 CAPPR2-5x6.8
2u2 450V Elco Polarized Capacitor (Radial) C1 CAPPR5-10x12.5
680uF 25V Elco Polarized Capacitor (Radial) C4 CAPPR5-10x16
47uF 50V Elco Polarized Capacitor (Radial) C3 CAPPR2.5-6.3x11.5
0.05R Resistor Metal Strip 2W R8 oars
10k Resistor R5 1206
1k Resistor R1 805
2k2 Resistor R9 1206
470k Resistor R11 1206
47R 2W Resistor R2 AXIAL
4M7 0.5W Resistor R10 AXIAL
4R7 Resistor R6 805
51k Resistor R12 805
560k Resistor R3 1206
680k Resistor R4, R7 1206
AU300002001 Epcos B82723J2402N1 Surface Mount 1:1 Transformer 2,7mH/4A/250V T1, T2
Epcos B72205S271K101 Varistor (Voltage-Sensitive Resistor) VR1 Radial
NTC Rhopoint SG170 Varistor (Voltage-Sensitive Resistor) VR2 Radial
BZV55-C15 Zener Diode 15V D3 sod80c
Heatsink Heatsink

24 25
 Input PCB Output PCB Power supply - Convertor PCB

Power supply - PFC PCB

26 27
 Personal notes Personal notes

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