Data Center College of the Philippines,

Incorporated Corner Sumulong, Upper

Bonifacio St., Baguio City

NAME: DAYAOEN, LEMHAR P.

Assignment/Research (MIS): Give what is being asked? Pick the latest updates
in town. (Minimum of 12 pages)

1. Research and discuss about Expanded coverage of business intelligence

and business analytics (Provide examples of each to earn points)
a) Brief history - The history of business intelligence and analytics dates back
to the early days of computing, when organizations used mainframe computers
to store and process large amounts of data. In the 1970s, business intelligence
tools were developed to help organizations extract and analyze data from these
mainframe systems. These early BI tools were used primarily by analysts and
decision-makers to generate reports and conduct ad-hoc analysis. In the 1980s,
business intelligence tools began to evolve into decision support systems (DSS),
which were used to support specific business decision-making processes. These
systems were typically based on data warehouses, which are centralized
repositories of data that can be used for analysis and reporting. In the 1990s, the
development of OLAP (online analytical processing) technology and the rise of
data mining techniques ushered in a new era of business intelligence. These
technologies made it possible for organizations to analyze data in new ways and
to gain insights that were not possible with traditional BI tools. Today, business
intelligence and analytics are essential components of many organizations’
decision-making processes. BI and analytics tools are used to support a wide
range of activities, including market research, customer analysis, financial
analysis, and operational decision-making.
b) How does IT works?
 IT-based business intelligence and analytics systems work by collecting
data from multiple sources, storing it in a central repository, and then
providing users with tools to access and analyze the data. Data sources for
business intelligence and analytics systems can include internal data
sources such as transactional databases, financial systems, and customer
relationship management (CRM) systems. They can also include external
data sources such as market research reports, news articles, and social
media data. Once the data is collected, it is stored in a data warehouse or
data mart. A data warehouse is a centralized repository of data that can be
used for reporting and analysis. A data mart is a smaller version of a data
warehouse that is typically used to support a specific business function or
decision-making process. After the data is stored in a data warehouse or
data mart, users can access it using a variety of BI and analytics tools.
These tools can be used to generate reports, create dashboards, and
conduct ad-hoc analysis.
c) What are the benefits?
 The benefits of business intelligence and analytics include the ability to
make better-informed decisions, the ability to improve operational
efficiency, and the ability to gain a competitive advantage. Business
intelligence and analytics can help organizations make better-informed
decisions by providing them with access to accurate and up-to-date data.
With BI and analytics tools, organizations can track key performance
 indicators (KPIs), identify trends, and spot problems early. Business
intelligence and analytics can also help organizations improve their
operational efficiency. By automating the process of data collection and
analysis, BI and analytics tools can help organizations save time and
resources. BI and analytics can also give organizations a competitive
advantage. With the insights generated by BI and analytics tools,
organizations can make better decisions about pricing, product
development, and marketing.
d) Give at least 3 case study about Expanded coverage of business
intelligence and business analytics?
1. Walmart uses business intelligence and data analytics to track
inventory levels and understand customer buying patterns.
2. Amazon uses business intelligence and data analytics to understand
customer buying patterns and optimize its supply chain.
3. Netflix uses business intelligence and data analytics to understand
customer watching habits and to recommend movies and TV shows.

e) What are the implications, advantages and Disadvantages?

 Some of the implications of business intelligence include the need for
data quality, the need for skilled staff, and the potential for misuse. Some
of the advantages of business intelligence include the ability to make
better decisions, improved operational efficiency, and increased revenues.
Some of the disadvantages of business intelligence include the potential
for information overload and the potential for misuse.
d) Key Terms used (Minimum of 20 terms, define according to usage)
 Data warehouse: A centralized repository of data that can be used for
reporting and analysis.
 Data mart: A smaller version of a data warehouse that is typically used
to support a specific business function or decision-making process.
 Online analytical processing (OLAP): A technology that enables users
to analyze data in new ways.
 Data mining: A process of extracting useful information from large data
sets.
 Business intelligence: The process of converting data into insights that
can be used to improve decision-making.
 Business analytics: The process of analyzing data to generate insights
that can be used to improve business decision-making.
2. Research and discuss about Collaboration systems and tools.
a) Brief history with examples
 Collaboration systems and tools have been around for quite some time.
From the earliest days of the web, systems like IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
and Usenet allowed users to communicate in real-time and share
information. As the web evolved, more sophisticated tools such as email,
instant messaging, and chatrooms became available. With the emergence
of social media, users were able to create networks of contacts and share
information with larger audiences. Today, collaboration systems and tools
are used by businesses and organizations of all sizes. They are used to
share information, collaborate on projects, and collaborate on tasks.
Popular collaboration tools include project management tools such as
Asana and Jira, task management tools such as Trello, and
communication tools such as Slack and Microsoft Teams.
b) How does IT works?
  Collaboration systems and tools work by allowing users to share
information, collaborate on tasks and projects, and communicate with
each other. The tools enable users to create, store, and share documents,
images, and other files. They also provide tools for task management,
project management, and communication. Most collaboration systems and
tools allow users to create groups and invite other users to join the group.
Within the group, users can share files, collaborate on tasks and projects,
and communicate with each other. The tools also provide features for
tracking progress, organizing tasks and projects, and managing resources.
c) Why Should Organizations Embrace it?
 Organizations should embrace collaboration systems and tools for several
reasons. First, they allow teams to work more efficiently by providing a
platform for collaboration and communication. Second, they provide a
way to track progress and manage resources. Third, they provide a secure
platform for sharing information and collaborating on projects. Finally,
they provide a platform for connecting with customers and partners.
d) What Are the Benefits of Collaboration systems and tools?
 The benefits of collaboration systems and tools include increased
efficiency, improved communication, better resource management, and
increased customer engagement. Collaboration systems and tools also
enable teams to work together more effectively and make better decisions.
Finally, they provide a secure platform for sharing information and
collaborating on projects.
e) What are the features of Collaboration systems and tools?
Some of the features of collaboration systems and tools include:
1. Communication: Collaboration systems and tools provide a way for employees
to communicate with each other.
2. Sharing: Collaboration systems and tools allow employees to share
information and ideas.
3. Storage: Collaboration systems and tools provide a way for employees to store
information and files.
4. Tracking: Collaboration systems and tools allow employees to track
information and files.
5. Editing: Collaboration systems and tools allow employees to edit information
and files.
6. Versioning: Collaboration systems and tools allow employees to keep track of
different versions of information and files.
7. Access Control: Collaboration systems and tools allow employees to control
who has access to information and files.
8. Security: Collaboration systems and tools provide a way for employees to
keep information and files secure.
9. Compliance: Collaboration systems and tools help to ensure that organizations
comply with laws and regulations.
10. Privacy: Collaboration systems and tools help to protect the privacy of
employees.

g) What are the implications, advantages and Disadvantages using

Hyperautomation?
  Hyperautomation is the use of multiple automation technologies to
complete a task. It has many implications, advantages, and
disadvantages. Some of the implications include the potential for
increased efficiency and productivity, as well as the potential for
reduced costs. However, there are also some disadvantages, such as
the potential for job loss and the potential for increased complexity.

h) Key Terms used (Minimum of 20 terms, define according to usage)

- Communication: the act of communicating; the exchange of information

- Collaboration: the act of working together towards a common goal

- Workflow: the sequence of steps that are followed in order to complete a

task

- Productivity: the measure of how efficiently work is being completed

- Hyperautomation: the use of technology to automate tasks that were

previously performed by humans

3. Research and discuss about Cloud Computing (Provide examples of each

to earn points)
a) Brief history with examples
 Cloud Computing has been around since the 1950s when computers were
first used to store data in the cloud. The first commercial cloud computing
service, Amazon Web Services, was launched in 2002. Since then, cloud
computing has evolved rapidly, and now provides a wide variety of
services including software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service
(PaaS) and infrastructure as a service (IaaS). Examples of cloud
computing services include Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure, Amazon
Web Services, and IBM Cloud.
b) What are the types and how does IT works?
 Cloud computing is divided into three main categories: Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service
(SaaS). IaaS provides access to the physical hardware and software that
makes up the cloud infrastructure, such as servers, storage, and
networking. PaaS provides a platform for developers to build, deploy, and
manage applications and services on the cloud. SaaS provides access to
software applications hosted on the cloud.

c) What Are the Benefits of Cloud Computing?

 The main benefits of cloud computing are scalability, cost savings,
reliability, security, and flexibility. Cloud computing allows businesses to
scale up or down their computing resources as needed, without investing
in additional physical infrastructure. It also reduces the cost of
maintenance and upgrades, as the cloud provider is responsible for these
tasks. Cloud computing also provides reliable and secure access to data
 and applications, as well as flexible access to the cloud from any device.
d) When to use Cloud Computing? Provide examples.
 Cloud computing can be used for a variety of business needs, such as web
hosting, software development, storage, data processing, and analytics.
For example, a company can use cloud computing to host an ecommerce
website, develop an app, store customer data, process financial
transactions, and run analytics.
f) How has it Impacted the Industry?
 Cloud computing has revolutionized the way businesses operate. It has
enabled companies to quickly and easily access computing resources,
allowing them to become more agile and responsive to customer needs. It
has also dramatically reduced the cost of IT operations, as businesses no
longer need to invest in expensive hardware and software.
g) Where is it Used?
 Cloud computing is used in a variety of industries, including healthcare,
finance, retail, education, and manufacturing. Companies use cloud
computing to store and manage data, process transactions, develop
applications, and provide services to customers.
h) What are the implications, advantages and Disadvantages using
Digital Twin?
 The main advantage of using digital twin technology is that it allows
businesses to have a better understanding of their products and services. It
also provides insights on how to improve customer experience and
increase efficiency. However, there are some disadvantages of using
digital twin technology, such as privacy and security concerns, data
accuracy, and cost.
i) Key Terms used (Minimum of 20 terms, define according to
usage)
 SaaS (Software as a Service): A type of cloud computing that offers
access to applications hosted on the cloud.
 PaaS (Platform as a Service): A type of cloud computing that offers a
platform for developers to build, deploy, and manage applications and
services on the cloud.
 IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): A type of cloud computing that
provides access to the physical hardware and software that makes up the
cloud infrastructure, such as servers, storage, and networking.
 Scalability: The ability to quickly and easily increase or decrease the
computing resources needed to meet a business’s changing needs.
 Reliability: The assurance that the cloud will provide reliable, secure
access to data and applications.
 Security: The assurance that data and applications stored on the cloud are
protected from unauthorized access.
 Flexibility: The ability to access the cloud from any device.
 Data Processing: The process of manipulating raw data to make it useful
for analysis and decision making.
 Data Analytics: The use of data to gain insights into trends, patterns, and
customer behavior.
 Web Hosting: The process of storing and providing access to web pages
and websites.
  Software Development: The process of creating computer software
applications.
 Storage: The process of storing data in a secure, reliable, and accessible
manner.
 Virtualization: The process of creating virtualized versions of physical
hardware components.
 Cloud Migration: The process of moving computing resources and data to
the cloud.
 Hybrid Cloud: A type of cloud computing that combines public and
private clouds.
 Non-Cloud Computing: Computing resources that are not hosted on the
cloud. Multi-
 Cloud Computing: Computing resources that are hosted on multiple cloud
platforms.
 Edge Computing: Computing resources that are hosted on devices at the
edge of the network.
 Containerization: The process of packaging applications and their
dependencies into isolated containers.
 AI (Artificial Intelligence): The use of computer algorithms to simulate
human intelligence.

4. Research and discuss about Cloud-based software services and

tools (Provide examples of each to earn points)
a) Brief history with examples
 Cloud-based software services and tools have been around for a long time,
though they were not as accessible or convenient as they are today. The
concept of cloud computing first emerged in 1999 when Salesforce.com,
the first cloud-based software service, was founded. Since then, the
industry has grown significantly, with the emergence of cloud-based
services like Dropbox, Google Docs, and Slack.
b) How does IT works?
 Cloud-based software services and tools are applications hosted in the
cloud that can be accessed over the internet. The cloud refers to a network
of remote servers hosted on the internet, and these services allow users to
access and store data, applications, and other resources on these servers.
The data is stored securely and can be accessed from any device with an
internet connection.
c) What Are the Benefits of Cloud-based software services and tools?
 There are many benefits of using cloud-based software services and tools.
The most notable of these is the ability to access data from anywhere with
an internet connection, reducing the need for hardware and physical
storage space. Cloud-based software services and tools also tend to be
more secure than traditional software applications, as they are more
difficult to hack into. Additionally, cloud-based software services and
tools are often more scalable than traditional software solutions, as they
can be easily upgraded as needed.
e) What are the Technologies that Facilitate Cloud-based software services and
tools?
 Cloud-based software services and tools are made possible by a variety of
technologies, such as virtualization, containerization, and service-oriented
 architecture (SOA). Virtualization allows applications to be hosted on
virtual machines, which are essentially software-based versions of physical
servers. Containerization allows applications to be deployed in isolated
environments, allowing them to run independently of other applications
and services. Finally, service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a software
architecture that allows for the creation of loosely coupled services, which
can be easily combined and reused.

f) Why are industries adopting Cloud-based software services and tools (for
competitive advantage?
 Businesses are increasingly turning to cloud-based software services and tools
for a variety of reasons, but the primary motivation is to gain a competitive
advantage. By using cloud-based services, businesses can take advantage of
the scalability and flexibility offered by cloud computing, enabling them to
quickly implement new features and services without having to worry about the
cost or complexity of managing the underlying infrastructure. Additionally,
cloud-based services are often cheaper than traditional software solutions,
making them an attractive option for businesses looking to reduce costs.
h) Give at least 3 Examples of Super Apps Successful Case.
1. Amazon Web Services: Amazon Web Services (AWS) is one of the most popular
cloud-based software services. It offers a wide range of services, such as storage,
compute, database, and analytics, allowing businesses to build and run their
applications in the cloud. 2. Microsoft Azure: Microsoft Azure is a cloud-based
software service that offers a wide range of services, such as storage, compute,
database, and analytics. It is widely used by businesses of all sizes and offers a cost-
effective solution for businesses looking to reduce costs.
3. Google Cloud Platform: Google Cloud Platform is a cloud-based software service
that offers a wide range of services, such as storage, compute, database, and
analytics. It is widely used by businesses of all sizes and is known for its scalability
and flexible pricing.
i) What are the implications, advantages and Disadvantages using
Superapps?
 The main advantage of using cloud-based software services and tools is
that they can provide businesses with a cost-effective solution for running
their applications and services. Additionally, cloud-based services are
often more secure and scalable than traditional software solutions,
allowing businesses to quickly add features and scale their applications as
needed. However, there are also some disadvantages to using cloud-based
software services and tools, such as vendor lock-in and data privacy
concerns.
j) Key Terms used (Minimum of 20 terms, define according to
usage)
 Cloud Computing: A model of computing in which applications, data, and
resources are hosted on a network of remote servers and accessed over the
internet.
 Virtualization: A technology that allows applications to be hosted on virtual
machines, which are software-based versions of physical servers.
 Containerization: A technology that allows applications to be deployed in
isolated environments, allowing them to run independently of other applications
and services.
 Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA): A software architecture that allows for the
creation of loosely coupled services, which can be easily combined and
reused.
 Scalability: The ability to quickly and easily add features and services to an
application or system.
  Flexibility: The ability to quickly and easily adapt an application or system to
changing needs.
 Vendor Lock-in: The inability to easily move an application or system to a
different provider.
 Data Privacy: The ability to protect sensitive data and ensure that it is not
accessed by unauthorized parties.
 API: An application programming interface (API), which allows applications to
interact with each other.
 Cloud Storage: A form of data storage that is hosted on a network of remote
servers and accessed over the internet.
 Cloud Computing Platform: A platform that allows applications to be built,
deployed, and managed in the cloud.
 Cloud Computing Service: A service that offers a range of cloud-based
services, such as storage, compute, database, and analytics.
 Internet of Things (IoT): A network of interconnected devices that can be
remotely monitored and controlled.
 Serverless Computing: A form of cloud computing that allows applications to be
deployed without the need for physical servers.
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): A type of cloud computing service that
provides a range of infrastructure services, such as storage, networking, and
computing.
 Platform as a Service (PaaS): A type of cloud computing service that provides
a platform for building, deploying, and managing applications.
 Software as a Service (SaaS): A type of cloud computing service that provides
access to software applications via the internet.
 Backup as a Service (BaaS): A type of cloud computing service that provides
automated backup and recovery of data. Database as a Service (DBaaS): A
type of cloud computing service that provides access to databases in the cloud.
Analytics as a Service (AaaS): A type of cloud computing service that provides
access to analytics and data processing services in the cloud.
5. Research and discuss about Emerging mobile digital platform? (Provide
examples of each to earn points)
a) Brief history
 Emerging mobile digital platforms have been developing over the past
decade due to the rapid advances in mobile technology. Mobile digital
platforms first emerged as a way for businesses to provide services to
customers on their mobile phones. This allowed customers to access
services such as online banking and online shopping from their mobile
devices. Since then, mobile digital platforms have continued to evolve and
are now used for a variety of purposes including digital payments, digital
marketing, and even digital health services.
b) What are the features and How does IT works?
 Emerging mobile digital platforms are typically built on either a native or
web-based platform. Native platforms are designed to be used on a
specific mobile operating system, such as iOS or Android. These platforms
are optimized for the specific device and operating system, providing users
with a more tailored experience. Web-based platforms, on the other hand,
are designed to work on any device and operating system, providing a
more generic experience. The features of a mobile digital platform vary
depending on the platform and its purpose. Generally speaking, these
platforms provide users with the ability to access services, make payments,
store and share data, track analytics, and manage accounts.
c) What are the benefits of Emerging mobile digital platform?
 Emerging mobile digital platforms provide businesses and users with a
number of advantages. For businesses, these platforms reduce the cost of
providing services and managing data. They also provide a more secure
environment for users to access services and make payments. For users,
 these platforms provide a convenient and easy way to access services,
make payments, and manage accounts.
d) What are the Applications of Emerging mobile digital platform?
 There are a number of applications for emerging mobile digital platforms.
These include digital payments, digital marketing, digital health services,
digital banking, digital wallets, and more.
e) What are the possible the future of Emerging mobile digital platform?
 The future of emerging mobile digital platforms is likely to be
characterized by further advances in technology, such as 5G, artificial
intelligence, and machine learning. These technologies will allow mobile
digital platforms to offer more sophisticated services and features.
Additionally, mobile digital platforms will continue to become more user-
friendly and secure, providing businesses and users with more reliable and
secure ways to access services, make payments, and manage accounts.
f) Give at least 3 Examples of Emerging mobile digital platform.
1. Apple Pay: Apple Pay is a mobile payment and digital wallet service that
allows users to make payments with their Apple devices. It is available on
iOS, macOS, and watchOS devices.
2. Google Pay: Google Pay is a mobile payment system and digital wallet that
allows users to make payments with their Android devices.
3. Venmo: Venmo is a mobile payment and money transfer service that
allows users to send and receive money with their smartphones.
g) What are the implications, advantages and Disadvantages using
Emerging mobile digital platform?
 The advantages of using emerging mobile digital platforms include
convenience, security, and cost savings. These platforms provide users
with a secure and convenient way to access services, make payments, and
manage accounts. Additionally, businesses are able to reduce costs
associated with providing services and managing data. The disadvantages
of using emerging mobile digital platforms include privacy concerns and
security risks. As these platforms become more popular, there is an
increased risk of data breaches and other security threats. Additionally,
users may not be aware of the terms and conditions associated with the use
of these platforms, which could lead to financial losses.
6. Research and discuss about Metaverse (Provide examples of each to
earn points) a) Brief history
 The term Metaverse was first coined in Neal Stephenson's science fiction
novel Snow Crash in 1992. The term was used to describe an immersive
virtual world, where people could interact, do business, and create
relationships. Since then, the concept of Metaverse has evolved and
become increasingly popular, with a growing number of applications and
platforms being developed to explore the potential of this technology.
b) How does IT works?
 A Metaverse is a virtual world consisting of a digital environment where
real and virtual objects, people, and ideas can interact and interact with
one another. It is a digital universe that is created and maintained by a
distributed network of computers, which is connected to the internet. It is
similar to a virtual reality environment, but with a much larger scope and
scale.
c) What is the Metaverse and why is it important?
  The Metaverse is an online virtual world where people, objects, and ideas
can interact, collaborate, and create relationships. It is a digital universe
that is created and maintained by a distributed network of computers,
which is connected to the internet. It is a platform for creating and
exploring new and innovative applications and experiences, and it has the
potential to revolutionize the way people interact with one another, as well
as how they conduct business and access information.
d) Which Companies Are Investing in Metaverse?
 Several large companies are investing in Metaverse technology, including
Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and Apple. These companies are exploring
the potential of this technology and investing in its development.
Additionally, there are a number of startups and venture capital firms that
are investing in Metaverse technology, such as Metaverse Ventures, which
is a venture capital firm focused on investing in early-stage Metaverse
startups.
e) What Can You Do with Metaverse?
 With Metaverse technology, you can create virtual worlds, games, or
applications. You can also create virtual marketplaces where people can
buy and sell goods, or collaborate on projects. You can also create virtual
classrooms and virtual conferences, where students and professionals can
interact in an immersive environment. Additionally, Metaverse technology
can be used to create digital versions of physical objects, such as furniture
or cars, that can be used in virtual environments.
f) Give at least 5 Examples of Metaverse Technology Successful Case
1. Decentraland: Decentraland is a virtual world where users can create and
explore digital versions of real-world locations, such as cities and parks.
The platform allows users to create and monetize digital assets such as
buildings, art, and digital goods.
2. High Fidelity: High Fidelity is a virtual reality platform that allows users
to create and explore digital versions of real-world locations, such as cities
and parks. The platform also allows users to create and monetize digital
assets such as buildings, art, and digital goods.
3. Somnium Space: Somnium Space is a virtual world where users can create
and explore digital versions of real-world locations, such as cities and
parks. The platform allows users to create and monetize digital assets such
as buildings, art, and digital goods.
4. VRChat: VRChat is a virtual reality platform that allows users to create
and explore digital versions of real-world locations, such as cities and
parks. The platform also allows users to create and monetize digital assets
such as buildings, art, and digital goods.
5. NeosVR: NeosVR is a virtual reality platform that allows users to create
and explore digital versions of real-world locations, such as cities and
parks. The platform also allows users to create and monetize digital assets
such as buildings, art, and digital goods
g) What are the implications, advantages and Disadvantages using
Metaverse Technology?
 The Metaverse offers numerous advantages, including enhanced
communication, collaboration, and productivity. It also provides
a platform for the development of new applications and services,
as well as an avenue for virtual commerce. It also allows for the
development of virtual experiences that would not be possible in
the real world. However, there are also some potential
disadvantages, such as the potential for misuse of the technology
 and the need for users to be aware of privacy and security issues.
h) What is the future of the Metaverse?
 The future of the Metaverse is still uncertain, but it is likely that the
technology will continue to evolve and expand. It is possible that the
Metaverse could become the main platform for communication,
collaboration, and commerce in the future. It is also likely that the
Metaverse will become increasingly important in education, entertainment,
and other areas. As the technology continues to evolve, it will become an
increasingly important part of our lives.
i) Key Terms used (Minimum of 20 terms, define according to usage)
 Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT): A form of technology which is
used to securely store data, track transactions, and manage digital assets.
 Virtual Reality (VR): A technology which creates a simulated 3-
dimensional environment which can be explored and interacted with.
 Augmented Reality (AR): A technology which combines virtual elements
with the real world to create an enhanced experience.
 Artificial Intelligence (AI): A branch of computer science which focuses
on creating intelligent machines which can learn from their environment
and make decisions.
 Digital Assets: Digital files which can be created, managed, and
transferred using DLT.
 Cryptocurrency: A digital form of currency which is secured using
cryptography and is used to facilitate transactions.
 Smart Contracts: Automated agreements which are programmed using
DLT and are designed to execute only when certain conditions are met.
 NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens): Digital tokens which are used to represent
unique digital assets, such as artwork or collectibles.
 3D Modeling: A form of computer graphics which is used to create three-
dimensional objects.
 API (Application Programming Interface): A set of protocols which are
used to allow different systems and applications to interact with each
other.
 Cloud Computing: The use of remote servers to store and process data.
 Gamification: The use of game-like elements, such as rewards and points,
to encourage user engagement.
 Spatial Computing: A type of computing which uses data from sensors and
cameras to understand the physical world.
 Blockchain: A distributed ledger technology which is used to securely
store data and track transactions.
 Open Source Software: Software whose source code is freely available for
anyone to view, modify, and redistribute.
 Cybersecurity: The practice of protecting networks, systems, and programs
from digital attacks.
 Streaming: The delivery of digital content over the internet in real-time.
 Digital Rights Management (DRM): A system which is used to protect
digital content from unauthorized use.
 Facial Recognition: A technology which is used to identify and
authenticate individuals based on their facial features.
 Machine Learning: A branch of artificial intelligence which focuses on
creating algorithms which can learn from data and make decisions without
human intervention.
7. Research and discuss about Crowdsourcing and the wisdom of crowds
(Provide examples of each to earn points)
 a) Brief history –
 Crowdsourcing has been in use since the late 1990s, when companies
began to utilize the power of the collective to generate ideas, solve
problems, and complete tasks. The term “Crowdsourcing” was coined in
2006 by Jeff Howe and Mark Robinson in their Wired magazine article
“The Rise of Crowdsourcing.”
b) How does IT works?
 Crowdsourcing works by engaging a large group of people to help solve a
problem or complete a task. Companies typically post a task or challenge
and invite anyone to participate. Participants provide input or ideas, which
are then evaluated and the best options are chosen. This process allows
companies to gain access to a large pool of talent and ideas, often with a
minimal investment.
c) What is the Crowdsourcing and the wisdom of crowds and why is it
important?
 Crowdsourcing is a process in which companies utilize the collective
knowledge of large groups of people to complete tasks. The wisdom of
crowds refers to the concept that the collective opinion of a large group of
people is often more accurate than that of even the most knowledgeable
individual. This is important because it can be used to make better
decisions and solve complex problems.
d) Which Companies are Crowdsourcing and the wisdom of crowds?
 Many companies now use crowdsourcing, including Amazon, Microsoft,
Apple, Google, Uber, Airbnb and many more. Crowdsourcing is also
utilized by non-profit organizations, governments, and educational
institutions.
e) Give at least 3 Examples of Crowdsourcing and the wisdom of crowds Successful
Case
1. Netflix used crowdsourcing to develop algorithms for its movie recommendation
system.
2. LEGO used crowdsourcing to create a new set of building blocks, which was the
most successful LEGO product launch in history.
3. Microsoft used crowdsourcing to develop its Azure cloud computing platform.

h) What are the implications, advantages and Disadvantages using

Crowdsourcing and the wisdom of crowds?
 The implications of crowdsourcing are that it can provide access to a
large pool of talent and ideas, often with a minimal investment. The
advantages include increased efficiency, cost savings, and access to a
wider range of ideas. The disadvantages include the risk of data security
breaches, lack of control over the quality of the work, and potential
conflicts of interest.
h) What is the future of the Crowdsourcing and the wisdom of crowds?
 The future of crowdsourcing and the wisdom of crowds is bright. With
the rise of artificial intelligence and machine learning, the power and
accuracy of the collective opinion will only increase. Additionally, as
more companies embrace decentralized and distributed systems, the use
of crowdsourcing will become even more important.
i) Key Terms used (Minimum of 20 terms, define according to usage)
  Crowdsourcing – the process of engaging a large group of people to help
solve a problem or complete a task.
 Wisdom of crowds – the concept that the collective opinion of a large
group of people is often more accurate than that of even the most
knowledgeable individual.
 Task – a specific job or problem that needs to be completed.
 Challenge – a difficult task or problem that needs to be solved.
 Input – information or data that is provided.
 Ideas – concepts or suggestions that are provided.
 Evaluation – the process of assessing the quality or value of something.
 Talent – the skills and abilities of a person.
 Pool – a group of people who can be called upon to do work.
 Investment – resources that are put into something with the expectation of
a return.
 Data security – the process of protecting data from unauthorized access,
alteration, or destruction.
 Quality – the degree to which something meets expectations.
 Conflict of interest – a situation in which someone has competing
interests or loyalties.
 Artificial Intelligence – the ability of a computer or machine to learn and
think independently.
 Machine learning – the use of algorithms and statistical models to find
patterns in data and make predictions or decisions.
 Decentralized – a system in which control is distributed among multiple
entities.
 Distributed – a system in which components are located at different sites.
 Scalability – the ability of a system to grow or shrink to meet the
changing needs of users.
 Optimization – the process of making something as efficient or effective
as possible.
 Open source – technology that is developed and shared publicly, allowing
anyone to modify and redistribute it.

8. Research and discuss about Building an e-commerce Web site (Provide

examples of each to earn points)
a) Brief history –
 E-commerce began in the early 1970s with the advent of electronic data
interchange (EDI), which was used to transfer documents between trading
partners. By the 1990s, businesses were able to implement EDI over the
Internet, which allowed companies to quickly and easily exchange
information with their customers and partners. This development marked
the beginning of the modern e-commerce era, with companies now able to
conduct business online.
b) How does IT works?
 E-commerce websites are built using a variety of technologies, including
HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and other web-based programming languages.
These technologies are used to create an interface that allows customers
to view products, add items to their shopping cart, and complete the
checkout process. The website also needs to have a secure payment
system in place to ensure that customers’ financial information is kept
secure.
 c) What is the and why is it important?
 E-commerce is a type of electronic commerce that allows businesses to
conduct transactions over the internet. It is an important part of the
modern economy, allowing businesses to reach a wider range of
customers and facilitating economic growth by increasing the efficiency
of transactions.
d) Which Companies are Building an e-commerce Web site?
 Many companies are building e-commerce websites, including Amazon,
eBay, Walmart, and Best Buy. These companies are among the most
successful in the industry, and they serve as examples of what a
successful e-commerce website should look like.
e) Give at least 3 Examples of Building an e-commerce Web site Successful
Case
1) Amazon.com - Amazon is one of the world’s leading e-commerce companies, and
its success can be attributed to its innovative approach. The company has created a
hugely successful platform that allows customers to quickly and easily purchase
products from a vast range of categories.
2) eBay - eBay is another hugely successful e-commerce business, and it has a unique
business model. The company allows customers to buy and sell items from other
users, creating an online marketplace.
3) Walmart - Walmart is a retail giant, and it has successfully transitioned to the e-
commerce space. The company has invested heavily in technology, enabling
customers to make purchases online as well as in-store.
f) What are the implications, advantages and Disadvantages of Building an
e-commerce Web site?
 Advantages:
- Increased reach and accessibility: With an e-commerce website,
businesses can reach a much wider audience than they could through
traditional brick-and-mortar stores.
- Lower costs: An e-commerce website requires less overhead than a
physical store, which can save businesses money.
- Easier to scale: An e-commerce website can easily be scaled up or down
to meet the needs of the business.

 Disadvantages:
- Security risks: An e-commerce website must be secure in order to
protect customer data.
- Technical difficulties: If an e-commerce website is not properly
maintained, it can experience technical problems that can affect the
customer experience.
- Competition: With so many businesses selling products online, it can be
difficult to stand out from the competition.
g) What is the future for Business process management?
 Business process management is an important part of e-commerce, as it
allows businesses to optimize their processes in order to increase
efficiency and reduce costs. In the future, businesses will continue to use
business process management to improve their operations and stay
competitive.
i) Key Terms used (Minimum of 20 terms, define according to usage)
 Online Store - A website or platform where customers can browse and
purchase goods and services.
 Shopping Cart - A feature on an e-commerce site that allows customers to
add items to their cart and make a purchase.
 Payment Gateway - A service that processes online payments for e-
commerce transactions.
 Merchant Account - An account with a payment processor that allows
businesses to accept payments from customers.
 Inventory Management - The process of tracking, managing, and updating
the inventory of items for sale.
 Shipping - The process of physically delivering purchased goods to the
customer.
 Digital Marketing - The process of promoting and selling products and
services online.
 SEO (Search Engine Optimization) - The practice of optimizing website
content to improve its visibility in search engine rankings.
 Affiliate Marketing - An online marketing strategy where affiliates are
paid a commission for referring customers to a business.
 Dropshipping - A fulfillment method where a business does not keep
goods in stock but instead transfers customer orders and shipment details
to the supplier.
 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) - A system for managing
customer interactions and data to improve customer relationships.
 Mobile Commerce (M-Commerce) - A type of e-commerce that occurs
over mobile devices.
 Social Commerce - A type of e-commerce that takes place over social
media platforms.
 Analytics - The process of collecting, analyzing, and reporting data to
gain insights.
 Conversion Rate - A metric used to measure the success of an e-
commerce website.
 User Experience (UX) - The overall experience a customer has when
interacting with an e-commerce website.
 User Interface (UI) - The design and layout of an e-commerce website.
 Security - Measures taken to protect customer information from
unauthorized access.
 Automation - The use of technology to automate manual tasks and
processes.
 API (Application Programming Interface) - A set of tools and protocols
used to connect different software systems.

***That’s all for now***

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