Lesson 2 Bio Ethics

The goals and boundaries of bioethics are as follows:
The study of bioethics has looked into a wide variety of human issues, including debates about the limits of life
(such as abortion and euthanasia), surrogacy, the distribution of limited health care resources (such as organ
donation and health care rationing), and the right to refuse medical treatment due to cultural or religious beliefs.
Bioethicists frequently disagree with one another regarding the boundaries of their field. One common point of
contention is whether or not bioethics should be concerned with the ethical evaluation of all questions involving
biology and medicine, or whether it should focus on just a select few of these questions. Some bioethicists
restrict the scope of the field to the ethical examination of medical treatments and technology advancements, as
well as the scheduling of medical treatment for people. Others would expand upon it.
the scope of ethical evaluation to encompass the morality of all behaviors that might either assist or hurt species
that are capable of feeling fear. Biotechnology has the potential to broaden the application of bioethics to new
areas, such as cloning, gene therapy, human genetic engineering, life extension, astroethics, and life in space,
amongst other topics. These new advancements will have an impact on future evolution and may need the
development of new principles that address the fundamental aspects of existence.
Concerns Regarding Bioethics:
The following are some of the issues that arise when considering bioethics:
1. The ever-increasing involvement of technology in the creation of human life poses a risk to both a person's
mental and physical wellbeing since it interferes with the natural process of human reproduction.
2. The act of having a child born through the use of a surrogate mother is unethical and unnatural, regardless of
whether or not the pregnancy is carried out for financial gain. In this approach, the great emotional and spiritual
attachment that develops between a woman and her unborn child during the course of the pregnancy is broken.
3. The very idea of cloning people poses a direct threat to the essence of what it means to be human and to the
image of God that is innately present in every person; an essential component of this image is the individual's
capacity for free will and distinctiveness. Only those who subscribe to authoritarian ideologies will find the
practice of "printing" people with particular characteristics appealing. A child has the potential to become a
daughter to their grandfather, a sister to their mother, and a brother to either of their parents. The psychological
repercussions of cloning are also quite concerning and pose a significant risk. A human being who was brought
into existence as a result of this method may have the perception that they are not an independent individual but
rather merely "a duplicate" of someone who has previously lived or will live in the future.
4. The development of modern transplantology has made it possible to provide effective assistance to a great
number of patients who, in the past, were destined to die or live with severe disabilities. Donating organs and
tissues as well as the commercialization of transplantation both open the door to the possibility of trading human
body parts, which poses a risk to both people's lives and their physical well-being.
5. The practice of removing human organs that are eligible for transplantation and the development of intensive
care therapy have both contributed to the challenge of determining when a person has died. In the past, this
would have been proven by the involuntary cessation of both respiration and the circulation of blood. Because to
advancements in critical care technology, it is now possible to sustain artificially the body's vital functions for
an extended period of time. It renders the decision of whether or not a person should die dependent on the
physician, which places a new responsibility on modern medicine.
Conclusion:
The discipline of bioethics makes it possible for ethical thinking to keep up with advances in science and
medicine. The public is put in an increasingly difficult position every time there is a breakthrough in medical
science or technological innovation. The groundbreaking advancements in the realm of science have resulted in
the emergence of an infinite number of moral dilemmas. As a direct result of these advancements in science and
technology, the purview of bioethics has broadened to encompass the ethical issues that have been brought to
light by the Human Genome Project, stem cell research, artificial reproductive technologies, the genetic
engineering of plants and animals, the synthesis of new life-forms, the potential for successful reproductive
cloning, nanotechnology, and xenotransplantation, to name only some of the most significant advancements.
Hippocrates was a Greek physician who has long been considered to be the father of modern medicine. Because
of his connection to a body of ancient Greek medical texts, his name is linked to the Hippocratic oath, which is
taken by medical professionals. It is highly unlikely that he was the author of any of these works.
The act of causing no harm or doing the absolute minimum amount of harm necessary to achieve a desired good
result is known as nonmaleficence. The study of fundamental moral notions such as ought and good is referred
to as metaethics.
Normative ethics is the branch of ethics that aims to provide criteria for deciding what kinds of activities are
morally right or bad. Normative ethics is also known as descriptive ethics.
Motherhood provided by a surrogate refers to the process in which an egg is carried to term by a woman who
then gives the baby back to the intended parents after the birth.
The study of organ and tissue transplantation, as well as the clinical application of this knowledge, is known as
transplantology.
Xenotransplantation is the process of transplanting an organ, tissue, or cells from one species into another
species (for example, from a human into a domestic pig).

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The goals and boundaries of bioethics are as follows:

Concerns Regarding Bioethics:

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