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    Homework 2 MATEK 2022

    Uploaded by

    Hafizh Renanto Akhmad
    The document computes the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix A. The eigenvalues are approximately 12.3067, 4.3467 + 0.3473i, and 4.3467 - 0.3473i. The corresponding eigenvectors are [0.5562, -0.3769, 1], [0.5114 + 0.3421i, 0.7411 + 0.0970i, 1], and [0.5114 - 0.3421i, 0.7411 - 0.0970i, 1]. It then computes a symmetric matrix B such that x^T H x = x^T B x, where B = [-1.5, -11

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    Homework 2 MATEK 2022

    Uploaded by

    Hafizh Renanto Akhmad
    36 views6 pages
    The document computes the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix A. The eigenvalues are approximately 12.3067, 4.3467 + 0.3473i, and 4.3467 - 0.3473i. The corresponding eigenvectors are [0.5562, -0.3769, 1], [0.5114 + 0.3421i, 0.7411 + 0.0970i, 1], and [0.5114 - 0.3421i, 0.7411 - 0.0970i, 1]. It then computes a symmetric matrix B such that x^T H x = x^T B x, where B = [-1.5, -11

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    The document computes the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix A. The eigenvalues are approximately 12.3067, 4.3467 + 0.3473i, and 4.3467 - 0.3473i. The corresponding eigenvectors are [0.5562, -0.3769, 1], [0.5114 + 0.3421i, 0.7411 + 0.0970i, 1], and [0.5114 - 0.3421i, 0.7411 - 0.0970i, 1]. It then computes a symmetric matrix B such that x^T H x = x^T B x, where B = [-1.5, -11

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    36 views6 pages

    Homework 2 MATEK 2022

    Uploaded by

    Hafizh Renanto Akhmad
    The document computes the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix A. The eigenvalues are approximately 12.3067, 4.3467 + 0.3473i, and 4.3467 - 0.3473i. The corresponding eigenvectors are [0.5562, -0.3769, 1], [0.5114 + 0.3421i, 0.7411 + 0.0970i, 1], and [0.5114 - 0.3421i, 0.7411 - 0.0970i, 1]. It then computes a symmetric matrix B such that x^T H x = x^T B x, where B = [-1.5, -11

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    [ ]

    6 −4 2
    A= 0 7 −2
    3 −7 8

    Compute the eigenvalues…

    ( )
    6−λ −4 2
    det ( A−λI )=0det 0 7−λ −2 =0
    3 −7 8− λ
    ( 6−λ ) ( 7−λ ) ( 8− λ ) + (−4 ) (−2 ) (3 )+ ( 2 )( 0 )(−7 )−[ ( 6−λ ) (−2 ) (−7 ) + ( 7−λ ) ( 3 ) ( 2 )+ ( 8−λ )( 0 )(−4 ) ]=0
    ( 6−λ ) ( λ 2−15 λ+56 )+ 24−[ 84−14 λ+ 42−6 λ ] =0
    −λ +15 λ −56 λ+ 6 λ −90 λ+336+24−126+ 20 λ=0−λ + 21 λ −126 λ+234=0 λ 1 ≈ 12.3067
    3 2 2 3 2

    λ 2 ≈ 4.3467 +0.3473 iλ 3 ≈ 4.3467−0.3473 i

    …and eigenvectors of the following matrix

    [ ][ ]
    6− λ −4 2 v1
    A v =λ v ( A−λI ) v=0 0 7−λ −2 v 2 =0
    3 −7 8−λ v 3

    ( 7−λ ) v 2−2 v 3=03 v 1−7 v 2 + ( 8− λ ) v 3=0

    2 7 v −( 8−λ ) v 3 14−( 8− λ ) (7−λ )


    v 2= v 3 v1 = 2 = v3
    7−λ 3 3 (7−λ )

    Misalkan v3 =1,

    2 14−( 8−λ )( 7−λ )


    v 2= v=
    7−λ 1 3 ( 7−λ )

    Untuk λ 1

    [ ][ ]
    −6.3067 −4 2 v 1,1
    0 −5.3067 −2 v 1,2 =0
    3 −7 −4.3067 v 1,3

    2 14−(−4.3067 ) (−5.3067 )
    v1,2 = =−0.3769v1,1 = =0.5562
    −5.3067 3 (−5.3067 )

    [ ]
    0.5562
    v1 =t −0.3769 ,t ≠0
    1

    Perkalian Bilangan Kompleks


    ( a+ bi )( c +di )=ac+ ( ad+ bc ) i−bd
    Pembagian Bilangan Kompleks

    a+bi a+bi c−di ac + ( bc−ad ) i+ bd ac+bd bc−ad


    = = = 2 2+ 2 2 i
    c +di c +di c−di c 2 +d 2 c +d c +d

    Untuk λ 2

    [ ][ ]
    1.6533−0.3473 i −4 2 v 2,1
    0 2.6533−0.3473i −2 v 2,2 =0
    3 −7 3.6533−0.3473 i v 2,3

    2 2 ( 2.6533+0.3473 i )
    v 2,2= = =0.7411+ 0.0970i
    2.6533−0.3473 i 2.6533 2+0.3473 2
    14−( 2.6533−0.3473 i )( 3.6533−0.3473i )
    v 2,1= =0.5114 +0.3421i
    3 ( 2.6533−0.3473 i )

    [ ]
    0.5114 +0.3421i
    v 2=t 0.7411+ 0.0970i , t ≠ 0
    1

    Untuk λ 3

    [ ][ ]
    1.6533+0.3473 i −4 2 v 3,1
    0 2.6533+0.3473 i −2 v 3,2 =0
    3 −7 3.6533+0.3473 i v 3,3

    2 2 ( 2.6533−0.3473 i )
    v3,2 = = =0.7411−0.0970 i
    2.6533+ 0.3473i 2.65332 +0.34732
    14−( 2.6533+ 0.3473i ) ( 3.6533+ 0.3473 i )
    v3,1 = =0.5114−0.3421 i
    3 ( 2.6533+0.3473 i )

    [ ]
    0.5114−0.3421i
    v3 =t 0.7411−0.0970 i , t ≠ 0
    1
    [ ]
    5 −3 1
    H= 0 −11 −4
    3 −6 7

    Compute a symmetric matrix B such that xTHx =xTBx.


    T
    x H x= x B x x ( H−B ) x=0
    T T

    As x is not trivial, then H−B skew-symmetric*.


    T T T
    H−B=−( H−B ) =B −H
    If we want B to be symmetric,

    1
    H−B=B −H H−B=B−H B= ( H + H )
    T T T T
    2
    Thus,

    [
    1 5+5 −3+0
    ] [ ][ ]
    1+3 1 10 −3 4 5 −1.5 2
    B= 0−3 −11−11 −4−6 = −3 −22 −10 = −1.5 −11 −5
    2 2
    3+1 −6−4 7+7 4 −10 14 2 −5 7

    Compute a diagonal matrix D, such that yTDy is “similar” to xTBx

    Let an invertible matrix P such that


    −1
    y=P x ⇔ x=P y
    T T T T
    x B x=( P y ) B ( P y )= y P BP y
    We want yTDy to be “similar” to xTBx

    D=P BP We want D to be diagonal. Since B is symmetric, therefore, P is an orthogonal matrix,


    T

    and thus, PT =P−1.


    T −1 T T −1 T T T −1
    P =P D P =P BP P PD P =P P B B=PD P B=PD P

    We can see that P is a matrix that diagonalized B and thus resulting in D . We may find D by finding
    eigenvalues of B.

    ( )
    5− λ −3 /2 2
    det ( B−λI )=0det −3 /2 −11−λ −5 =0
    2 −5 7−λ

    ( 5−λ ) (−11−λ )( 7−λ )+ ( −32 ) (−5) ( 2)+ ( 2) ( −32 ) (−5)−( 5−λ ) (−5) (−5)− (−11−λ )( 2) ( 2)−( −32 )( −32 ) ( 7− λ)=0
    (−λ−11 ) ( λ −12 λ+ 35 ) +30− (125−25 λ )−(−44−4 λ )−( − λ )=0
    2 63 9
    4 4
    (−λ 3 +12 λ 2−35 λ−11 λ2 +132 λ−385 ) + 30−125+25 λ+ 44+ 4 λ− 63 + 9 λ=0
    4 4
    3 2 513 1807
    −λ + λ + λ− =0λ 1 ≈−12.3485λ 2 ≈ 9.4959λ 3 ≈ 3.8525
    4 4

    [ ]
    −12.3485 0 0
    D= 0 9.4959 0
    0 0 3.8525
    *proof

    x T ( H−B ) x=0
    Let

    [] [ ]
    x a b c
    x= y , H −B= d e f
    z g h j

    and x ≠ 0 .

    [ ][ ]
    a b c x
    [ x y z ] d e f y =0x ( ax+ dy+ gz ) + y ( bx+ ey +hz ) + z ( cx+ fy+ jz )=0
    g h j z
    2 2 2
    a x +e y + j z + ( b+d ) xy+ ( c+ g ) xz+ ( f +h ) yz=0
    As we know that x , y , z ≠ 0, then

    a=0e=0 j=0b=−dc=−g f =−h

    thus

    [ ]
    0 b c
    H−B= −b 0 f
    −c −f 0

    which is a skew-symmetric matrix.

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