Teológico
Teológico
Teológico
Herausgeber / Editor
Jörg Frey (Zürich)
Mitherausgeber/Associate Editors
Markus Bockmuehl (Oxford) · James A. Kelhoffer (Uppsala)
Tobias Nicklas (Regensburg) · Janet Spittler (Charlottesville, VA)
J. Ross Wagner (Durham, NC)
494
Kai Akagi
Mohr Siebeck
Kai Akagi, born 1987; 2017 PhD in New Testament from the University of St Andrews, UK;
2017 Adjunct Instructor in Biblical Studies at The Master’s University, Santa Clarita, Califor-
nia, USA; since 2018 Independent Researcher and Missionary.
orcid.org/0000-0001-5113-4904
3UHIDFH
7KLV PRQRJUDSK LV DUHYLVHG YHUVLRQ RI DGRFWRUDO WKHVLVIURP UHVHDUFK FRQ
GXFWHGDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI6W$QGUHZV6W$QGUHZV8.EHJLQQLQJLQ
GHIHQGHGLQ$SULODQGDZDUGHGWKH3K'LQ1HZ7HVWDPHQWRQ-XQH
:KLOHPDQ\GRFWRUDOUHVHDUFKHVFDQFODLPRQHIDWKHU,DPJUDWHIXOWREH
DEOHWRH[SUHVVP\WKDQNIXOQHVVWRP\WZRDoktorväter*UDQW0DF$VNLOODQG
'DYLG00RIILWW3URI0DF$VNLOOQRZ.LUE\/DLQJ&KDLULQ1HZ7HVWDPHQW
DWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$EHUGHHQLQWURGXFHGPHWRWKHZRUOGVRISVHXGHSLJUDSKDO
DQG4XPUDQUHVHDUFKZKLOHSURYLGLQJSUHFLVHDQGJHQWOHGLUHFWLRQGXULQJWKH
ILUVWWZR\HDUVRIP\UHVHDUFKXQWLOKLVGHSDUWXUHWR$EHUGHHQZKLOH'U0RI
ILWW¶VVHQVHIRUORJLFDOSUHFHVLRQDQGWKHUKHWRULFRIDUJXPHQWDWLRQKHOSHGPH
WREULQJWKLVSURMHFWWRLWVFRQFOXVLRQ
,ZRXOGDOVROLNHWRH[WHQGVSHFLDOWKDQNVWRP\H[DPLQHUV17:ULJKW
DQG0DWWKHZ91RYHQVRQ3URI:ULJKWSURYLGHGHQFRXUDJHPHQWDQGFRQWULE
XWHGWRP\DFDGHPLFGHYHORSPHQWDWYDULRXVSRLQWVWKURXJKRXWP\WLPHDW6W
$QGUHZV ZKHWKHUWKURXJK DQ LQFLVLYHTXHVWLRQRUREVHUYDWLRQUHODWHGWRP\
UHVHDUFKRUWKURXJKVSHDNLQJDQHQFRXUDJLQJZRUG DV,FRQVLGHUHGIXWXUHUH
VHDUFKDQGWHDFKLQJ'U1RYHQVRQQRWRQO\VHUYHGDVDQH[DPLQHUGXULQJP\
YLYDEXWDOVRFRUUHVSRQGHGZLWKPHIROORZLQJWKHYLYDWRPDNHVXJJHVWLRQV
IRUSUHSDULQJWKHWKHVLVIRUSXEOLFDWLRQ
, ZRXOG DOVR OLNH WR WKDQN P\ FROOHDJXHV LQ WKH 5RXQGHO DW 6W $QGUHZV
ZKRVHFROOHJLDOVSLULWDQGGHVLUHIRUH[FHOOHQFHVSXUUHGXVDOOIRUZDUGWKURXJK
RXWRXUVWXGLHV,ZRXOGOLNHWRJLYHVSHFLDOPHQWLRQ RI(VDX0F&DXOOH\DQG
(XLFKDQJ.LP(VDXZDVFRQWLQXDOO\UHDG\WRVSHDNDERXWUHVHDUFKPLQLVWU\
DQGOLIH(XLFKDQJGUDQNPDQ\FXSVRIWHDZLWKPHZKLOHGLVFXVVLQJWKHIHDURI
*RGDQGGLYLQHMXGJPHQW&RULQWKLDQVDQG/XNH$FWVDQGWKHLQWHUVHFWLRQRI
VFKRODUVKLS DQG PLQLVWU\ LQ 6RXWK .RUHD IRU KLP DQG -DSDQ IRU PH :KLOH ,
FDQQRWDGGDSHUVRQDOQRWHIRUHDFK,DOVRZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQNP\RWKHU1HZ
7HVWDPHQWFROOHDJXHV*DUULFN9$OOHQ0D[%RWQHU(UQHVW&ODUN-XVWLQ'XII
-RKQ'XQQH7LP)R[-LK\H/HH3DXO6ORDQ5-DUUHWW9DQ7LQHDQGDPRQJ
WKRVHLQRWKHUGLVFLSOLQHV7LP%D\ORU6SHQFHU%HQWOH\9LROD&KDQ(ULF&RY
LQJWRQ-RQDWKDQ/HWW$QGUHZ0DULQDQG7\OHU5:LWWPDQ
6SHFLDOWKDQNVWR3DXOD$NDJLDQG5DFKHO-R\:HOFKHUIRUWKHLUHGLWRULDO
DVVLVWDQFH WKURXJK SURRIUHDGLQJ DQG KHOSIXO VXJJHVWLRQV IRU LPSURYLQJ VW\OH
DQGUHDGDELOLW\DQGWR*DUULFN9$OOHQIRUFRPSLOLQJWKHLQGLFHV7KDQNVDOVR
9, Preface
WR+HUDOG*DQGLDQG.D]XVD2ND\DIRUWKHLUDVVLVWDQFHLQREWDLQLQJPDWHULDOV
IRUPHZKLOH,SUHSDUHGWKHPDQXVFULSWIRUSXEOLFDWLRQ
7DEOHRI&RQWHQWV
3UHIDFH9
/LVWRI$EEUHYLDWLRQV;,,
&KDSWHU,QWURGXFWLRQ
'LIIHUHQWLDWHG6LPLODULW\
$WWHQWLRQWR6FULSWXUDO8VHDQG,QIOXHQFH
-XGJPHQWDQGWKH-XGJPHQW3URFHVV
5HDGLQJ/XNH$FWVDVD1DUUDWLYH
&KDSWHU-XGJPHQW)LJXUHVLQ3VHXGHSLJUDSKDO/LWHUDWXUH
2. Analysis
7KH6LPLOLWXGHVRI(QRFK
1DWXUHRI-XGJPHQW
$FWLYLW\$VVRFLDWHGZLWK-XGJPHQW
1DWXUHRI)LJXUH
3ULQFLSDO8VHRI6FULSWXUH
(]UD
1DWXUHRI-XGJPHQW
$FWLYLW\$VVRFLDWHGZLWK-XGJPHQW
1DWXUHRI)LJXUH
3ULQFLSDO8VHRI6FULSWXUH
%DUXFK
1DWXUHRI-XGJPHQW
$FWLYLW\$VVRFLDWHGZLWK-XGJPHQW
1DWXUHRI)LJXUH
3ULQFLSDO8VHRI6FULSWXUH
3. Conclusion
&KDSWHU-XGJPHQW)LJXUHVLQ4XPUDQ/LWHUDWXUH
2. Analysis
Table of Contents ,;
3. Conclusion
&KDSWHU'LYLQH$XWKRULW\DQG0HVVLDQLF,GHQWLW\
LQ$FWV±
-HVXV¶V%DSWLVP
6HOHFWHG2WKHU3DVVDJHV
6. Conclusion
&KDSWHU'LYLQH$XWKRULW\DQG0HVVLDQLF,GHQWLW\LQ$FWV
±
1. Previous Approaches
6. Conclusion
&KDSWHU&RQFOXVLRQ
%LEOLRJUDSK\
,QGH[RI$QFLHQW6RXUFHV
,QGH[RI0RGHUQ$XWKRUV
6XEMHFW,QGH[
$EEUHYLDWLRQV
$% $QFKRU%LEOH
$%5/ $QFKRU%LEOH5HIHUHQFH/LEUDU\
$Q%LE $QDOHFWD%LEOLFD
$17& $ELQJGRQ1HZ7HVWDPHQW&RPPHQWDULHV
$618 $FWDVHPLQDULLQHRWHVWDPHQWLFLXSVDOLHQVLV
AUSS Andrews University Seminary Studies
%%(7 %HLWUlJH]XUELEOLVFKHQ([HJHVHXQG7KHRORJLH
BBR Bulletin for Biblical Research
%(&17 %DNHU([HJHWLFDO&RPPHQWDU\RQWKH1HZ7HVWDPHQW
%(7/ %LEOLRWKHFDHSKHPHULGXPWKHRORJLFDUXPORYDQLHQVLXP
%*%( %HLWUlJH]XU*HVFKLFKWHGHUELEOLVFKHQ([HJHVH
%+7 %HLWUlJH]XU+LVWRULVFKHQ7KHRORJLH
Bib Biblica
BibInt Biblical Interpretation
%,16 %LEOLFDO,QWHUSUHWDWLRQ6HULHV
%-68&6' %LEOLFDODQG-XGDLF6WXGLHVIURPWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLD6DQ'LHJR
BT The Bible Translator
%76 %LEOLFDO7RROVDQG6WXGLHV
%=1: %HLKHIWH]XU=HLWVFKULIWIUGLHQHXWHVWDPHQWOLFKH:LVVHQVFKDIWXQGGLH
.XQGHGHUlOWHUHQ.LUFKH
CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly
&%406 &DWKROLF%LEOLFDO4XDUWHUO\0RQRJUDSK6HULHV
CBR Currents in Biblical Research
&(-/ &RPPHQWDULHVRQ(DUO\-HZLVK/LWHUDWXUH
&17 &RPPHQWDLUHGX1RXYHDX7HVWDPHQW
CTM Concordia Theological Monthly
'-' 'LVFRYHULHVLQWKH-XGDHDQ'HVHUW
DSD Dead Sea Discoveries
(&'66 (HUGPDQV&RPPHQWDULHVRQWKH'HDG6HD6FUROOV
(..17 (YDQJHOLVFK.DWKROLVFKHU.RPPHQWDU]XP1HXHQ7HVWDPHQW
ETL Ephemerides theologicae lovanienses
EvQ Evangelical Quarterly
)$7 )RUVFKXQJHQ]XP$OWHQ7HVWDPHQW
)% )RUVFKXQJ]XU%LEHO
)5/$17 )RUVFKXQJHQ ]XU 5HOLJLRQ XQG /LWHUDWXU GHV $OWHQ XQG 1HXHQ 7HVWD
PHQWV
*&6 'LH *ULHFKLVFKHQ &KULVWOLFKHQ 6FKULIWVWHOOHU GHU HUVWHQ>GUHL@-DKUKXQ
GHUWH
+17 +DQGEXFK]XP1HXHQ7HVWDPHQW
+66 +DUYDUG6HPLWLF6WXGLHV
+7.17 +HUGHUV7KHRORJLVFKHU.RPPHQWDU]XP1HXHQ7HVWDPHQW
Abbreviations ;,,,
&KDSWHU
,QWURGXFWLRQ
7KH4XHVWLRQRI-HVXVDQG-XGJPHQWLQ$FWVDQG
:KHQWKHSURWDJRQLVWVRI$FWVWHVWLI\DERXW-HVXVZKDWGRWKH\VD\DERXWKLP"
$PRQJRWKHUHOHPHQWVRIWKHLUSURFODPDWLRQWKH\VD\WKDWKHLVDMXGJH7KLV
UROH LV RI VXFK LPSRUWDQFH WKDW WZR VSHHFKHV FRQFOXGH ZLWK WKH PRVW GLUHFW
VWDWHPHQWVDERXW-HVXV¶VMXGJPHQWLQWKHERRN3HWHU¶VVSHHFKWRWKHKRXVHRI
&RUQHOLXVZKLFKPDUNVWKHVKLIWLQ$FWVWRSURFODLPLQJWKHPHVVDJHDERXW-H
VXVWR*HQWLOHVGHFODUHVLQøźüǁÏ Ġûüó÷ Ľ Ňúóûöƽ÷øÏ ŷļ üøŶ ùïøŶ
ôúóüĥÏ āǃ÷üþ÷ ôëť ÷ïôúņ÷3DXO¶V ILQDO PLVVLRQ VSHHFK EHIRUH KLV DUUHVW
OLNHZLVH FRQFOXGHV LQ E\ GHFODULQJ WKDW *RG ġûüòûï÷ ħöƽúë÷ Ġ÷ Ķ
öƽõõïó ôúǀ÷ïó÷ üĥ÷ øūôøýöƽ÷ò÷ Ġ÷ îóôëóøûǂ÷į, Ġ÷ ċ÷îúť Ŗ ňúóûï÷,
ǀûüó÷ ëúëûíŅ÷ Ćûó÷ ċ÷ëûüƿûëÏ ëŻüļ÷ Ġô ÷ïôúņ÷
:KDWGRWKHVHVWDWHPHQWVVD\DERXW-HVXV"+RZGRHV-HVXV¶VUROHDVMXGJH
SODFHKLPLQUHODWLRQWRRWKHUHVFKDWRORJLFDOMXGJHVLQ-XGDLVP"+RZGRHV-H
VXV¶VUROHDVMXGJHLQ/XNH$FWVUHODWHWRKLVDXWKRULW\DQGLGHQWLW\" )LQDOO\
KRZGRHV-HVXV¶VMXGJPHQWUHODWHWRWKHILQDOMXGJPHQWRI*RG"
1HZ7HVWDPHQWTXRWDWLRQVWKURXJKRXWDUHIURP%DUEDUD$ODQGHWDOHGVNovum Tes-
tamentum GraeceWKUHYHG6WXWWJDUW'HXWVFKH%LEHOJHVHOOVFKDIW
7KHGHVLJQDWLRQ³/XNH$FWV´DSSHDUVDWOHDVWDVHDUO\DV%HQMDPLQ:LVQHU%DFRQ An
Introduction to the New Testament 17+ /RQGRQ 0DFPLOODQ +HQU\ - &DGEXU\
The Making of Luke-Acts/RQGRQ63&.ODWHUSRSXODUL]HGLW,QXVLQJWKLVGHVLJQD
WLRQ,DIILUPWKDWWKHFRQWHQWRI$FWVSUHVXSSRVHV/XNHDOWKRXJK,GRQRWDVVXPHDYLHZ
FRQFHUQLQJWKHXQLW\RIQDUUDWLYHVWUXFWXUHDFURVV/XNHDQG$FWV$FWVLIQRWWKHVHFRQGSDUW
RIDVLQJOHOLWHUDU\ZRUNLVDWOHDVWDVHTXHOWR/XNH,DJUHHZLWK0DUNXV%RFNPXHKO³:K\
QRW/HW$FWV%H$FWV",Q&RQYHUVDWLRQZLWK&.DYLQ5RZH´JSNT±ZKR
UHILQHV&.DYLQ5RZH¶VFULWLTXHRIWKHXQLW\RI/XNHDQG$FWVLQWKHHDUO\UHFHSWLRQRIWKHVH
WZRERRNVLQ³+LVWRU\+HUPHQHXWLFVDQGWKH8QLW\RI/XNH$FWV´JSNT±
5RZH SURYLGHV KLV RZQ IXUWKHU FRPPHQWV LQ ³/LWHUDU\ 8QLW\ DQG 5HFHSWLRQ +LVWRU\
5HDGLQJ /XNH$FWV DV /XNH DQG $FWV´ JSNT >@ ± )RU D VXUYH\ RI UHFHQW
GLVFXVVLRQRIWKHXQLW\RI/XNHDQG$FWVVHH0LFKDHO)%LUG³7KH8QLW\RI/XNH$FWVLQ
5HFHQW'LVFXVVLRQ´JSNT±7KHDXWKRULDOXQLW\RI/XNH$FWVKDVJHQHUDO
FRQVHQVXV3DWULFLD:DOWHUVThe Assumed Authorial Unity of Luke and Acts: A Reassessment
of the Evidence617606&DPEULGJH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVSUHVHQWVWKH
PRVWQRWDEOHFKDOOHQJHEXWKDVJDLQHG OLWWOHDGKHUHQFHGXHWRLWVSUREOHPDWLFPHWKRG6HH
0LNHDO &3DUVRQV DQG +HDWKHU 0 *RUPDQ³7KH $VVXPHG $XWKRULDO 8QLW\ RI /XNH DQG
Chapter 1: Introduction
7KLVVWXG\FRQVLGHUVWKHFKULVWRORJLFDOVLJQLILFDQFHRI-HVXV¶VUROHDVMXGJH
LQWKHVSHHFKHVLQ$FWV±DQG±E\RIIHULQJDUHDGLQJRIWKHVH
VSHHFKHV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKHLU SODFH LQ WKH ERRN ZLWKLQ LWV ILUVWFHQWXU\ -HZLVK
FRQWH[W7KHXQLTXHSUHVHQWDWLRQRI-HVXVDVMXGJHLQWKHVHVSHHFKHVERWKH[
SUHVVHVKLVPHVVLDQLFLGHQWLW\DQGVXJJHVWVKLVGLYLQHDXWKRULW\
7KHVLJQLILFDQFHRIWKLVVWXG\OLHVPRVWGLUHFWO\LQDQVZHULQJWKHTXHVWLRQ
ZKDWLVWKHFKULVWRORJLFDOVLJQLILFDQFHRIWKHZD\$FWVSRUWUD\VWKHSUHVHQWDWLRQ
RI-HVXV¶VUROHDVMXGJHLQWKHVHWZRVSHHFKHV"7KHUHODWLRQVKLSRIWKLVTXHVWLRQ
WRZLGHUFRQYHUVDWLRQVLQELEOLFDOVWXGLHVOHDGVWRWKUHHIXUWKHUSRLQWVRIVLJQLI
LFDQFH)LUVWWKLVVWXG\VSHDNVLQWRWKUHHDUHDVRI1HZ7HVWDPHQWVFKRODUVKLS
WKDWKDYHODFNHGLQWHJUDWLRQWKHVWXG\RIWKHVSHHFKHVLQ$FWVRI/XNDQWKHRO
RJ\DQGRIHDUO\FKULVWRORJ\6HFRQGWKHDSSURDFKRIWKLVVWXG\DYRLGVFRP
PRQSLWIDOOVLQWKHVWXG\RIHDUO\FKULVWRORJ\MXGJPHQWDQG$FWV¶VSHHFKHV,W
HQJDJHVWKRURXJKO\ZLWKUHOHYDQWILJXUHVIURPRWKHU-HZLVKWH[WVJLYHVDWWHQ
WLRQWRWKHXVHDQGLQIOXHQFHRIVFULSWXUDOWH[WVLGHQWLILHVGLIIHUHQFHZLWKLQWKH
VLPLODULW\RIMXGJPHQWDFWLYLW\DQGDSSUHFLDWHVWKHSODFHPHQWRIWKHVSHHFKHV
ZLWKLQDQDUUDWLYHZKROH)LQDOO\WKLVVWXG\VXJJHVWVIXUWKHUZRUNWRDGGUHVV
WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ PHVVLDQLVP DQG ³KLJK´ FKULVWRORJ\ HOVHZKHUH LQ
/XNH$FWVDQGLQRWKHUHDUO\&KULVWLDQWH[WV
7KH,QWHUVHFWLRQRI7KUHH)LHOGV
5HDGLQJVSHHFKHVLQ$FWVWRFRQVLGHUWKHLUFKULVWRORJLFDOVLJQLILFDQFHDGYDQFHV
WKUHHDUHDVRIVFKRODUVKLSWKDWKDYHRIWHQEHHQVHSDUDWHG)LUVWLWIROORZVSUH
YLRXVUHVHDUFKRIHDUO\&KULVWLDQSURFODPDWLRQDQGWKHFRQWHQWDQGIXQFWLRQRI
WKH $FWV VSHHFKHV 6HFRQG E\ DGGUHVVLQJ D WKHRORJLFDO WRSLF LQ SDVVDJHV RI
$FWVLWDGYDQFHVGLVFXVVLRQRI/XNDQFKULVWRORJ\7KLUGWKURXJKLWVFRQFHUQ
ZLWK FKULVWRORJ\ SDUWLFXODUO\ PHVVLDQLF LGHQWLW\ DQG GLYLQH DXWKRULW\ WKLV
VWXG\FRQWULEXWHVWRUHVHDUFKRIFKULVWRORJ\LQ1HZ7HVWDPHQWWH[WVDQGHDUO\
&KULVWLDQLW\$GHVFULSWLRQRILWVUHODWLRQVKLSWRVWXGLHVLQHDFKRIWKHVHILHOGV
IROORZVEHORZVKRZLQJWKHQHHGIRUIXUWKHUZRUN7KRVHLQWKHILUVWDUHDRI
UHVHDUFK ZKHQ GLVFXVVLQJ MXGJPHQW GR QRWGR VR LQUHODWLRQ WR FKULVWRORJ\
7KRVHLQWKHVHFRQGKDYHQRWRIIHUHGGHYHORSHGGLVFXVVLRQVRIMXGJPHQWDQG
RIWHQLQFOXGHOLWWOHLQWHUDFWLRQZLWKMXGJPHQWILJXUHVLQRWKHU-HZLVKOLWHUDWXUH
7KRVHLQWKHWKLUGZKLOHDWWLPHVSUHVHQWLQJ-HVXV¶VMXGJPHQWDVDPHVVLDQLF
RUDGLYLQHIXQFWLRQKDYHQHLWKHUGHYHORSHGWKHVHLGHDVQRUIRFXVHGDWWHQWLRQ
RQ$FWVDQGLWVVSHHFKHV
$FWV$5HYLHZ(VVD\´Neot ±IRUDFULWLTXHLQFOXGLQJDSSOLFDWLRQRI:DO
WHUV¶VVWDWLVWLFDOPHWKRGWRRWKHUPDWHULDOIURP/XNHDQG$FWVZLWKFRQWUDVWLQJUHVXOWV
%\³GLYLQHDXWKRULW\´,PHDQDXWKRULW\RIWKHVRUWWKDW*RGSRVHVVHVUDWKHUWKDQPHUHO\
IRUH[DPSOH³DXWKRULW\IURP*RG´7KHIRUPHUPD\QRWKRZHYHUH[FOXGHWKHODWWHU
2. The Intersection of Three Fields
7KHTXHVWLRQVRIWKHVSHHFKHV¶KLVWRULRJUDSKLFDOIXQFWLRQDQGWKHGHJUHHWRZKLFKWKH\
DUH/XNDQFRPSRVLWLRQVRUUHSURGXFWLRQVRIKLVWRULFDOVSHHFKHVKDYHGLUHFWHGDQRWKHUDUHD
RIUHVHDUFK+HQU\-&DGEXU\³7KH6SHHFKHVLQ$FWV´LQThe Acts of the ApostlesHG)-
)RDNHV-DFNVRQDQG.LUVRSS/DNH7KH%HJLQQLQJVRI&KULVWLDQLW\/RQGRQ0DFPLOODQ
DQG &R± ±DQG 0DUWLQ 'LEHOLXV³7KH 6SHHFKHVLQ $FWV DQG $QFLHQW
+LVWRULRJUDSK\´LQStudies in the Acts of the ApostlesHG+HLQULFK*UHHYHQWUDQV0DU\
/LQJ /RQGRQ 6&0 3UHVV ± ZKLFK KDYH LQIOXHQFHG PRVW ODWHU WUHDWPHQWV
DUJXH WKDWWKH\ DUH /XNDQFRPSRVLWLRQV IXQFWLRQLQJ OLNH WKH VSHHFKHV LQ 7KXF\GLGHV 6HH
&UDLJ6.HHQHUActs: An Exegetical CommentaryYROIntroduction and 1:1–2:47*UDQG
5DSLGV%DNHU$FDGHPLF±IRUDUHFHQWWUHDWPHQWRIWKHVHTXHVWLRQVZLWKUHI
HUHQFHV.HHQHUDUJXHVWKDWWKHVSHHFKHVDUH/XNDQFRPSRVLWLRQVEXWWKDWWKH\ PD\DFFX
UDWHO\UHSUHVHQWZKDWWKHLUVSHDNHUVVDLGKLVWRULFDOO\7ZRSRLQWVUHTXLULQJIXUWKHUFRQVLGHU
DWLRQKRZHYHUDUHKRZDVFULSWXUDOO\GHULYHG-HZLVKKLVWRULRJUDSK\PD\XVHVSHHFKHV
LQGLVWLQFWLRQIURP+HOOHQLVWLFKLVWRULRJUDSK\DQGZKDWIRUPVRIVFULSWXUDOTXRWDWLRQVLQ
WKHVSHHFKHVDQGFRPSDULVRQRIVSRNHQZRUGVLQ/XNHWR0DWWKHZDQG0DUNPD\LQGLFDWH
FRQFHUQLQJ/XNDQUHSURGXFWLRQRIVSHHFKPDWHULDO6HH0DULRQ/6RDUGV The Speeches in
Acts: Their Content, Context, and Concerns/RXLVYLOOH.<:HVWPLQVWHU-RKQ.QR[
±IRUDVXPPDU\RIRWKHUVWXGLHVRIWKH$FWVVSHHFKHV
7KHGLVFXVVLRQRIWKH$FWVVSHHFKHVLQ-DPHV'*'XQQBeginning from Jerusalem
&KULVWLDQLW\LQWKH0DNLQJ*UDQG5DSLGV:LOOLDP%(HUGPDQV±KDVVLPL
ODULWLHVWRWKLVDSSURDFKDOWKRXJK'XQQ¶VFRQFHUQLVWKHXVHRIWKH$FWVVSHHFKHVDVVRXUFHV
IRUKLVWRU\
Chapter 1: Introduction
0DUWLQ'LEHOLXVDie Formgeschichte des EvangeliumsWKHGHG*QWKHU%RUQNDPP
7ELQJHQ-&%0RKU>3DXO6LHEHFN@±
'LEHOLXVStudies in the Acts of the Apostles³3DXORQWKH$UHRSDJXV´LVRQSS±
6HHFKDSWHUIRUIXUWKHUGLVFXVVLRQRIWKLVHVVD\
& + 'RGG The Apostolic Preaching and Its Developments: Three LecturesUG HG
UHSU/RQGRQ+RGGHUDQG6WRXJKWRQ±
,ELG±±
8OULFK :LOFNHQV Die Missionsreden der Apostelgeschichte: Form- und traditions-
geschichtliche Untersuchungen QG HG :0$17 1HXNLUFKHQ9OX\Q 1HXNLUFKHQHU
9HUODJGHV(U]LHKXQJVYHUHLQV
7KHVL[DUH±±±±±DQG±DQGWKHDG
GLWLRQDOWKUHHDUH±±DQG±
2. The Intersection of Three Fields
ZLUG´+HGRHVQRWGHYHORSKRZVXERUGLQDWLRQDQGWKHH[HUFLVHRI³J|WWOLFKHU
0DFKW´LQMXGJPHQWUHODWHWRHDFKRWKHU
)LQDOO\'RQDOG/HH-RQHV¶VVWXG\RIFKULVWRORJ\LQWKHPLVVLRQVSHHFKHVLQ
$FWVDGGUHVVHVWKHVSHHFKHVLQ$FWVDQGDQGDWWHPSWVWRORFDWH
WKHWKHRORJ\RIWKHVHVSHHFKHVHLWKHULQDQHDUOLHU-HZLVK&KULVWLDQLW\RULQD
/XNDQWKHRORJ\UHIOHFWLQJODWHUFKULVWRORJLFDOGHYHORSPHQW+LVH[DPLQDWLRQ
RIFKULVWRORJ\IRFXVHVRQWKHWLWOHVRI-HVXVLQ WKHVSHHFKHVZKLFKKHDUJXHV
ZHUH DOO LQ XVH DW WKH WLPH RI WKH FRPSRVLWLRQ RI $FWV DQG WKHUHIRUH GR QRW
GHPRQVWUDWHDQHDUO\SULPLWLYHFKULVWRORJ\ +HLQFOXGHVDEULHIGLVFXVVLRQRI
WKH$UHRSDJXVVSHHFKLQ$FWV±EXWRQO\WRDUJXHWKDWLWLVD/XNDQ
FRPSRVLWLRQ$OWKRXJKLQFOXGLQJDVSDUWRIWKH³FKULVWRORJLFDONHU\JPD´
LQ$FWV±ZKHQKHGHVFULEHVFKULVWRORJLFDONHU\JPDLQKLVVXPPDU\RI
HOHPHQWVFRPPRQWRWKH PLVVLRQVSHHFKHVKHGRHVQRWPHQWLRQMXGJPHQW
-RQHVPHQWLRQVDQGDVDUHSHWLWLRQHPSKDVL]LQJZKDW/XNHGHHPHG
LPSRUWDQW+HUHFRJQL]HV-HVXV¶VMXGJPHQWLQWKHVHWZRYHUVHVDVSDUWRID
WKHRORJ\RI-HVXV¶VUHWXUQDQGKHVHHPVWRLPSO\Ľ Ňúóûöƽ÷øÏ ŷļ üøŶ ùïøŶ
ôúóüĥÏ āǃ÷üþ÷ ôëť ÷ïôúņ÷LQLVHTXLYDOHQWWRWKHWLWOHýŧļÏ ùïøŶE\
FRPSDULQJWR5RPDQV+HGRHVQRWKRZHYHUGHYHORSWKHVLJQLIL
FDQFHRI-HVXVDVDMXGJH
KLVFRQFHUQLVQRWWRGHYHORSWKHFKULVWRORJLFDOVLJQLILFDQFHRIWKLVUROH
0DQ\VXEVHTXHQWFRPPHQWDULHVLQFOXGHVWUXFWXUDODQDO\VHVRIWKHVSHHFKHVLQ
$FWVDQGDFFRUGLQJWRUKHWRULFDOFDWHJRULHVSODFLQJWKHVWDWHPHQWDERXW
-HVXV¶VMXGJPHQWLQHDFKVSHHFKDVSDUWRIRULPPHGLDWHO\SUHFHGLQJLWVSHU
RUDWLR2WKHU VWXGLHV VXFK DV WKRVH E\ 5REHUW ) :ROIH.KLRN.KQJ <HR
DQG 'HDQ =ZHFN SURYLGH UKHWRULFDO DQDO\VHV RI WKH FRQWHQW RI LQGLYLGXDO
VSHHFKHV IXUWKHU LOOXVWUDWLQJ WKH WHQGHQF\ WR LVRODWH WKH VSHHFKHV IURP WKHLU
SODFHVLQWKHQDUUDWLYH
,ELG±
(J'DQLHO0DUJXHUDWLes Actes des Apôtres (1–12)&17D*HQHYD/DERUHW)LGHV
ZKRGLYLGHV$FWV±DVIROORZV±3URSRVLWLR/H'LHXGHWRXV±
D 1DUUDWLR , -pVXV HQYR\p j ,VUDsO E± 1DUUDWLR ,, .pU\JPH SDVFDO 3HURUDWLR
-pVXV6HLJQHXUXQLYHUVHO
(JRQ$FWV±5REHUW):ROIH³5KHWRULFDO(OHPHQWVLQWKH6SHHFKHVRI$FWV
DQG´JOTT±.KLRN.KQJ<HR³$5KHWRULFDO6WXG\RI$FWV±
:KDW+DV-HUXVDOHPWR'RZLWK$WKHQVDQG%HLMLQJ"´Jian Dao±'HDQ
=ZHFN³7KHExordiumRIWKH$UHRSDJXV6SHHFK$FWV´NTS±
6HHHVS6RDUGVThe Speeches in Acts±
,ELG±
(J-RVKXD'*DUURZD\³µ$SRVWROLF,UUHVLVWLELOLW\¶DQGWKH,QWHUUXSWHG6SHHFKHVLQ
$FWV´CBQ±ZKLFKDUJXHVWKDWLQWHUUXSWLRQRIVSHHFKHVLQ$FWVLVDGHYLFH
WRDOORZLQFOXVLRQRIPDQ\VSHHFKHVZLWKRXWFRQWUDGLFWLQJWKHLUUHVLVWLELOLW\RIWKHDSRVWROLF
PHVVDJH 7KLV SURSRVDO PLVXQGHUVWDQGV /XNH WR PHDQ WKDW WKRVH ZKR KHDU WKH IXOO
PHVVDJHZLOODFFHSWLW%HWWHULV'DQLHO/\QZRRG6PLWK³,QWHUUXSWHG6SHHFKLQ/XNH$FWV´
JBL±ZKLFKSURSRVHVWKDWLQWHQWLRQDOLQWHUUXSWLRQVLQ/XNH$FWVVHUYH
2. The Intersection of Three Fields
VSHHFKHVRI³RXWVLGHUV´WRVKRZ*RG¶VFRQWUROHYHQWKURXJKQRQ&KULVWLDQV
RIDGYDQFLQJ&KULVWLDQLW\DQGLWVSURFODPDWLRQ
WKHUKHWRULFDOSXUSRVHRILQGLFDWLQJWKHKHLJKWHQHGHPRWLRQRIWKHLUDXGLHQFHGXHWRWKHVLJ
QLILFDQFHRIWKHWKLQJVVDLG
2VYDOGR3DGLOODThe Speeches of Outsiders in Acts: Poetics, Theology and Historiog-
raphy617606&DPEULGJH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
'LEHOLXV³6W\OH&ULWLFLVPRIWKH%RRNRI$FWV´LQStudies in the Acts of the Apostles
6HHWKHUHIHUHQFHVDWWKHEHJLQQLQJRIFKDSWHUVDQG
0DUWLQ+HQJHOActs and the History of Earliest ChristianityWUDQV-RKQ%RZGHQ/RQ
GRQ6&03UHVVRQO\PHQWLRQV$FWVDQGRQFHRQS,+RZDUG0DU
VKDOOLuke: Historian and TheologianUHSU([HWHU3DWHUQRVWHU3UHVVPHQ
WLRQVMXGJPHQWRQSSQLQ5HYHODWLRQ-HVXVDVMXGJHLQ$FWV
±$FWVDQGWKH'D\RIWKH/RUGIURP-RHOLQ$FWV
*:+/DPSH³7KH/XFDQ3RUWUDLWRI&KULVW´NTS±:KLOH/DPSH
DVVRFLDWHV WKH VHQGLQJ RI -HVXV LQ $FWV LQ 3HWHU¶V VSHHFK ZLWK WKH UHWXUQ RI -HVXV LQ
MXGJPHQWGXHWRDQGKHGRHVQRWFRQVLGHUWKH/XNDQZULWLQJVWREHHPSKDVL]LQJ
WKLV WKHPH VD\LQJ WKDW³WKLV H[SHFWDWLRQ SUREDEO\ SOD\VD UHODWLYHO\ PLQRU SDUW LQ KLV
WKHRORJ\´ ,Q 1HZ 7HVWDPHQW WKHRORJ\ RXWVLGH RI /XNH$FWVVHH HJ * % &DLUG
New Testament TheologyFRPSOHWHGDQGHGLWHGE\/'+XUVWUHSU2[IRUG&ODU
HQGRQ3UHVV&DLUGGRHVQRWDGGUHVVWKHFKULVWRORJLFDOVLJQLILFDQFHRI-HVXVDVDMXGJH
DQ\ZKHUHDQGRQO\EULHIO\PHQWLRQV-HVXVSOD\LQJDUROHLQMXGJPHQW6HHHJSS±
ZKLFKVSHDNRIDWHPSRUDU\DQGQRQHVFKDWRORJLFDOMXGJPHQWRI3HWHUE\-HVXVDQGS
ZKLFKPHQWLRQVHVFKDWRORJLFDOMXGJPHQWEXWQRW-HVXVVHUYLQJDVDMXGJH
Chapter 1: Introduction
DQ\ZRUNVGHYRWHGWRWKLVWKHPH :KLOH3HWU3RNRUQêPHQWLRQVWKHWKHPHRI
MXGJPHQWRQRFFDVLRQLQFOXGLQJLQUHODWLRQWR-HVXVDVVDYLRUKHGRHVQRWFRQ
VLGHULWVUHODWLRQWRRWKHUMXGJPHQWILJXUHVLQ-HZLVKOLWHUDWXUHDQGRQO\FXUVR
ULO\ UHODWHV LW WR VFULSWXUDO SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI GLYLQH HVFKDWRORJLFDO MXGJPHQW
+RZDUG&ODUN.HH¶VGLVFXVVLRQRIWKHWLWOHV³&KULVW´DQG³6RQRI0DQ´LQKLV
WKHRORJ\RI$FWVPHQWLRQVMXGJPHQWEXWZLWKRXWGHYHORSPHQW+HDOVRQRWHV
$FWVDQGZKHQPHQWLRQLQJWKHIXWXUHUROHRI-HVXVEXWKHGRHVQRW
GLVFXVVWKHPEH\RQGQRWLQJWKDW-HVXVLVERWKMXGJHDQGWKHPRGHODIWHUZKLFK
RWKHUVZLOOEHMXGJHG7KHIROORZLQJZRUNVE\+DQV&RQ]HOPDQQ'DUUHOO/
%RFN+'RXJODV%XFNZDOWHU&KULVWRSKHU07XFNHWWDQG&.DYLQ5RZH
KRZHYHUFRQWULEXWHWRDIRXQGDWLRQLQWKHUHVHDUFKRI/XNDQFKULVWRORJ\IURP
ZKLFKWKLVVWXG\FDQSURFHHG7KHLUGLVFXVVLRQVRI-HVXV¶VMXGJPHQWVHHPWR
FRQVLGHUWKHWKHPHHLWKHUDSDUWRI-HVXV¶VPHVVLDQLFDFWLYLW\RURI-HVXVDFWLQJ
DV <DKZHK ZLWKRXW GHYHORSLQJ HLWKHU LGHD 7KH\ WKHUHE\ DQWLFLSDWH P\ RZQ
FRQFOXVLRQV
)UDQoRLV%RYRQLuke the Theologian: Fifty-Five Years of Research (1950–2005)QG
UHYHG:DFR7;%D\ORU8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV±
3HWU 3RNRUQê Theologie der lukanischen Schriften )5/$17 *|WWLQJHQ
9DQGHQKRHFN 5XSUHFKW0HQWLRQVRI-HVXVDVDMXGJHDSSHDURQSS
DQGDVZHOODVWKURXJKRXWWKHGLVFXVVLRQRI$FWV
±RQSS±+HUHODWHVMXGJPHQWE\-HVXVWR<DKZHK¶VMXGJPHQWLQVFULSWXUH
RQ SS DQG +LV OLPLWHG GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH WKHPH LQFOXGHV -HVXV MXGJLQJ DV WKH
UHSUHVHQWDWLYHRI*RGDQGMXGJLQJIURPKLV³6FKOVVHOSRVLWLRQ´DIWHUWKHDVFHQVLRQLQYLHZ
RI*RG¶VIXOODSSURYDORIKLVOLIHSS
+RZDUG&ODUN.HHGood News to the Ends of the Earth: The Theology of Acts/RQ
GRQ6&03UHVV±7KHRQO\PHQWLRQVRIMXGJPHQWLQWKLVVHFWLRQDUHDQXQGH
YHORSHGVWDWHPHQWDERXWWKHUXOHULQ3VFUXVKLQJHQHPLHVRQSDQGWZRVHQWHQFHVDERXW
WKHXVHRIWKH6RQRI0DQWLWOHZKHQ/XNHVSHDNVRI-HVXVDVDMXGJHRQS
,ELG2WKHUPHQWLRQVRILQWKHERRNDUHRQSSLQFRUUHFWO\LGHQWLILHG
DVRWKHUPHQWLRQVRIRFFXURQSS±
+DQV&RQ]HOPDQQDie Mitte der Zeit: Studien zur Theologie des LukasUGHG%+7
7ELQJHQ-&%0RKU>3DXO6LHEHFN@±TXRWDWLRQIURPSLWDOLFVLQ
RULJLQDO
,ELG±
2. The Intersection of Three Fields
WRZKLFK*RGDSSRLQWV-HVXVLQKLVH[DOWDWLRQIRUKLVHVFKDWRORJLFDOUHWXUQDQG
ZLWKUHIHUHQFHVWR$FWVDQGE\ZKLFK-HVXVDFWVDFFRUGLQJWRWKH
SODQRI*RG
,ELG±
6HHWKHVXPPDU\LQ'DUUHOO/%RFNProclamation from Prophecy and Pattern: Lucan
Old Testament Christology-6176XS6KHIILHOG-6273UHVV±HVS±
,ELG±7KHPHVVLDQLFFRQFHSWWKDW-HVXVH[FHHGVDFFRUGLQJWR%RFNLVWKDWRI
DGPLQLVWHULQJDMXGJPHQWLQ³SROLWLFDORUDGPLQLVWUDWLYH´IRUP
%RFNUHSHDWVWKHDVVHUWLRQWKDW$FWVGRHVQRWXVHWKH27IRUFKULVWRORJ\DIWHU$FWV
DVWKRXJKWKLVDVVHUWLRQZHUHVHOIHYLGHQWHJDWLELG
6HHHVS+'RXJODV%XFNZDOWHUThe Character and Purpose of Luke’s Christology
617606&DPEULGJH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV±±±HVS
±
(J,ELG
,ELG-HVXV¶VUROHDVMXGJHDFFRUGLQJWR%XFNZDOWHULVRQHRIWKUHHIXQFWLRQV
RI-HVXVLQKLVH[DOWDWLRQLQ/XNH$FWV6HHSS±
Chapter 1: Introduction
GLYLQHDXWKRULW\RU-HVXV¶VLGHQWLW\DVWKHPHVVLDK+HDOVRSURYLGHVQRFRP
SDULVRQZLWKRWKHU-HZLVKMXGJPHQWILJXUHV
,QDQRWKHUHVVD\RQFKULVWRORJ\LQ$FWV%XFNZDOWHUDUJXHVWKDW/XNH$FWV
SUHVHQWV-HVXVDVHTXDOWR<DKZHKWKURXJKLWVGHVFULSWLRQVRIKLPDQGKLVDF
WLRQV EXW WKDW -HVXV DOVR DSSHDUV XQH[SHFWHGO\ DV D VODYH PLQLVWHULQJ WR KLV
SHRSOH7KLVHVVD\KRZHYHUQRZKHUHPHQWLRQV-HVXV¶VUROHDVMXGJHDVLGH
IURPRQHVHQWHQFH³%XW/XNHJUHDWO\HQULFKHVWKLVSRUWUDLW>RI-HVXVDVHTXDO
WR<DKZHK@E\SUHVHQWLQJ-HVXVQRWRQO\DVGHLW\ZKRLVDOONQRZLQJSRZHUIXO
DQGSUHVHQW6DYLRXU/RUGRIWKH6SLULW-XGJHRIDOOWKHHDUWKDQGVRRQEXW
E\VKRZLQJWKDWWKLVNLQGRIGHLW\E\QDWXUHEHKDYHVWRZDUGKLVSHRSOHDVRQH
ZKRZDLWVRQWDEOHV´:KLOHVXJJHVWLQJWKDW-HVXV¶VMXGJPHQWKDVVLJQLILFDQW
FKULVWRORJLFDO LPSOLFDWLRQV%XFNZDOWHU GRHV QRWGHYHORS KRZ LW GRHV VR QRU
UHVSRQGWRSRVVLEOHREMHFWLRQVWRKLVLQWHUSUHWDWLRQ
+'RXJODV%XFNZDOWHU³7KH'LYLQH6DYLRXU´LQWitness to the Gospel: The Theology
of ActsHG,+RZDUG0DUVKDOODQG'DYLG3HWHUVRQ*UDQG5DSLGV:LOOLDP%(HUGPDQV
±
,ELG
&KULVWRSKHU07XFNHWW³7KH&KULVWRORJ\RI/XNH$FWV´LQThe Unity of Luke-Acts
HG-9HUKH\GHQ%(7//HXYHQ/HXYHQ8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV±
,ELGT. Ab.GLVWLQJXLVKHV$EHO¶VDFWLYLW\IURP*RG¶VILQDOMXGJPHQWKRZHYHU
,QGH[RI$QFLHQW6RXUFHV
2OG7HVWDPHQW
Genesis Deuteronomy
±
±
± ±
±
±
Exodus
Joshua
±
±
1 Samuel
Leviticus
2 Samuel
±
±
Numbers
±
Index of Ancient Sources
4XPUDQ/LWHUDWXUH
Damascus Document (CD) L
$YLL LLL±
$YLL± Y
Y± ±
1QS Y
LLL± Y
Y
1QpHab Y
Y Y±
Y
1QRule of Benedictions (1QSb/1Q28b)
Index of Ancient Sources
2WKHU(DUO\-HZLVK/LWHUDWXUH
1 Enoch
±
±
±
±
±
± ±
± ±
Index of Ancient Sources
5DEELQLF/LWHUDWXUH
Pirqe Rabbi Eliezer b. Sukka
D
%DE\ORQLDQ7DOPXG b. Zebahim
D
b. Hagigah
E
0LGUDVKLP
b. Menahot Genesis Rabbah
D
b. Nedarim
E Exodus Rabbah
E
b. Pesaۊim Leviticus Rabbah
D
b. Sanhedrin Midrash Psalms
E
Index of Ancient Sources
1HZ7HVWDPHQW
Matthew ±
± ±
±
±
± ±
±
±
Mark
±
±
Luke
±
±
±
±
±
±
± ±
Index of Ancient Sources
±
± ±
±
± ±
± ±
± ±
±
±
±
±
± ±
±
E ±
±
±
± ±
±
± ±
±
John
±
±
Acts
Index of Ancient Sources
2WKHU(DUO\&KULVWLDQ/LWHUDWXUH
Acts of John Panarion
Acts of Thomas Homilia in Christi resurrectionem
*UHJRU\RI1\VVD
Contra Eunomium
Apostolic Constitutions
+LSSRO\WXV
Fragmenta in Proverbia
Barnabas
&OHPHQWRI$OH[DQGULD ,JQDWLXV
Stromateis Ephesians
±
2ULJHQ
Commentarii in evangelium Joannis
1 Clement
2 Clement 3RO\FDUS
To the Philippians
&\ULORI-HUXVDOHP
Catechetical Lectures -HURPH
Commentary on Isaiah
'LG\PXVWKH%OLQG
De trinitate -RKQ&KU\VRVWRP
Homiliae in Acta apostolorum
In genesim
-XVWLQ
Dialogue with Trypho
(SLSKDQLXV ±
Anacortus
First Apology
Index of Ancient Sources
Second Apology Martyrdom of Polycarp
3VHXGR$WKDQDVLXVDoctrina ad Antio-
chum ducem
*UHFR5RPDQ/LWHUDWXUH
$UDWXV +RPHU
Phaenomena Iliad
±
&LFHUR
+RUDFH
De natura deorum
Satirae
±
±
3LQGDU
Olympionikai
±
3KLORVWUDWXV
Epistulae
Tusculanae disputationes
3ODWR
'LR&KU\VRVWRP Euthydemus
De dei cognitione ± %
Leges
6HQHFD
Epistulae morales
(SLFWHWXV
Diatribai
;HQRSKRQ
+HURGRWXV Memorabilia
Historiae
,QGH[RI0RGHUQ$XWKRUV
$EERWW($ &DVH\0DXULFH±
$EHJJ-U0DUWLQ* &DVH\30
$OOHJUR-0 &DVVLG\5LFKDUG-
$UWHUEXU\$QGUHZ( &DYLFFKLD$OHVVDQGUR
$VFKLP$QGHUV &KDQJ'RQJVKLQ'RQ
&KDUOHVZRUWK-+
%DFRQ%HQMDPLQ:LVQHU &KLDOj6DELQR
%DOFK'DYLG/ &RFNHULOO*DUHWK/HH
%DUFOD\-RKQ0*± &ROOLQV-RKQ-±±
%DUWKpOHP\' &RQ]HOPDQQ+DQV±
%DUUHW&.
%DXFNKDP5LFKDUG±± &RRN(GZDUG0
± &URVV)UDQN0RRUH
%HDOO7RGG6
%LUG0LFKDHO) 'DYLOD-DPHV5±±
%ODFNZRRG$ODQ&KDUOHV 'HGHULQJ6±
%ODQF&pFLOH GH6LOYD'DYLG$
%RFFDFFLQL*DEULHOH 'HVMDUGLQV0LFKDHO
%RFN'DUUHOO/± 'LEHOLXV0DUWLQ±±
%RFNPXHKO0DUNXV 'L7RPPDVR/RUHQ]R±
%RJDHUW3LHUUH± 'RGG&+±
%|WWULFK&KULVWIULHG 'XQQ-DPHV'*±
%RXVVHW:LOKHOP 'XSRQW-DFTXHV±
%RYRQ)UDQoRLV
%RZ%HYHUO\$ (FR8PEHUWR
%R\DULQ'DQLHO± (GZDUGV0-
%ULQN/DXULH (QGR0DVDQREX±
%URRNH*HRUJH- (YDQV&UDLJ$
%UR\OHV&UDLJ&
%UXFH))± )HGHU<LW]KDT
%XFNZDOWHU+'RXJODV±± )HUFK$UWKXU-
%XOWPDQQ5XGROI± )HUULV7KHRGRUH3
%XUFKDUG&KULVWRSK )LW]P\HU-RVHSK$
)OHWFKHU/RXLV&ULVSLQ+7±
&DGEXU\+HQU\-
&DLUG*% )OXVVHU'DYLG
&DQVGDOH/HQD
&DUPLJQDF-HDQ
Index of Modern Authors
*DUFtD0DUWtQH])ORUHQWLQR± .OHLQ+DQV
± .OLMQ$)-±
*DUURZD\-RVKXD' .ORSSHQERUJ-RKQ6
*DWKHUFROH6LPRQ .ORVWHUPDQQ(ULFK
*lUWQHU%HUWLO± .QLEE0LFKDHO$
*DYHQWD%HYHUO\5REHUWV .QRKO,VUDHO
*HU|6WHSKHQ .REHOVNL3DXO-±
*KLURQ%LVWDJQH3DXOHWWH .PPHO*HRUJ
*LHVFKHQ&KDUOHV$ .XU]:LOOLDP6
*LYHQ0DUN' .YDOEHLQ+DQV
*QLOND-RDFKLP .YDQYLJ+HOJH6
*UDEEH/HVWHU/ .\U\FKHQNL$OH[DQGHU
*UHHQ-RHO%
*ULQGKHLP6LJXUG /DNH.LUVRSS
*XSWD1LMD\. /DPSH*:+
*XUWQHU'DQLHO0 /DXEVFKHU)GX7RLW
/LHG/LY,QJHERUJ±
+DHQFKHQ(UQVW /LWZDN.HQQHWK'
+DQQDK'DUUHOO' /RKVH(GXDUG±
+DUQDFN$GROI /RRLMHU*Z\QQHGGH
+D\V5LFKDUG% /\RQV0LFKDHO$
+HJHU3DXO /\RQV:LOOLDP-RKQ
+HQJHO0DUWLQ
+HQULFKV7DUDVHQNRYD1LQD 0DFDVNLOO*UDQW
+HQ]H0DWWKLDV± 0DQVRQ7:
+RJDQ.DULQD0DUWLQ±± 0DQ]L)UDQFR±
+ROWHU.QXW± 0DUJXHUDW'DQLHO
+RUEXU\:LOOLDP 0DUVKDOO,+RZDUG
+RUJDQ0DXU\D3 0DVRQ(ULF)
+RUWRQ)UHG/± 0HW]JHU%0
+RZHOO-XVWLQ5 0LFKDODN$OHNVDQGHU5
+XOWJUHQ6WHSKHQ 0LOLN-7
+XUWDGR/DUU\± 0LOOHU,VDDF
0LOOHU0HUULOO
-HUYHOO-DFER± 0RHOOHULQJ+$UPLQ
0RR-RQDWKDQ
-LSS-RVKXD: 0RXOWRQ+.
-RKDQVVRQ'DQLHO 0XVVLHV*
-RKQVRQ/XNH7LPRWK\
1HZVRP&DURO$±
-RQHV'RQDOG/HH 1LFNHOVEXUJ*HRUJH:(±
-RQJH+GH ±
1LW]DQ%LOKDK ±
.HH+RZDUG&ODUN 1RUGHQ(GXDUG±
.HHQHU&UDLJ6 1RYHQVRQ0DWWKHZ
.HQQHG\*HRUJH$
.HQQ\$QWKRQ\ 2¶1HLOO-&
.LHQ]OHU-RQDWKDQ
.LUN-5'DQLHO±± 3DR'DYLG:
Index of Modern $XWKRUV
3HUU\-RKQ 6WUDXVV0DUN/
3HUYR5LFKDUG,± 6WXFNHQEUXFN/RUHQ7
3HVFK5XGROI
3HWHUVRQ'DYLG* 7DERU-DPHV'
3IHLIIHU5REHUW+ 7DOEHUW&KDUOHV+
3RKOHQ]0D[ 7DQQHKLOO5REHUW&
3RNRUQê3HWU 7KHLVRKQ-RKDQQHV
3RP\NDOD.HQQHWK( 7KRPDV%HQMDPLQ'
3XHFKePLOH 7KRUVWHLQVVRQ5XQDU0
7LJFKHODDU(LEHUW-&±±
5DLQERZ3DXO
5HKPDQQ/X]LD6XWWHU± 7RRPDQ:LOOLDP$
5HLVV0RVKH 7XFNHWW&KULVWRSKHU0
5LFFLDUGL$OEHUWR
5RGG\1LFRODH 9DOOH0DUWKD0LODJURV$FRVWD
5RWK:ROIJDQJ0: 9DQGHU.DP-DPHV&±±
5RWKVFKLOG&ODUH. 9DQGH:DWHU5LFN
5RZH&.DYLQ±
± :DOFN/HVOLH:±
5RZODQG&KULVWRSKHU :DOWHUV3DWULFLD
:HLVV-RKDQQHV
6D\OHU*ZHQGRO\Q% :LOFNHQV8OULFK±
6FKDUSHU3KLOLS- :LOOLDPV*2
6FKQDEHO(FNKDUG-± :LVH0LFKDHO2
6FKQHLGHU*HUKDUG :LWKHULQJWRQ,,,%HQ
6FRWW6WHYHQ5LFKDUG :LWKHUXS5RQDOG'
6HJDO$ODQ± :ROIH5REHUW)
6KDNHG6KDXO :ROWHU0LFKDHO
6LQJHU.DUO+HOPXW :RXGH$6YDQGHU
6M|EHUJ(ULN :ULJKW17
6PLWK'DQLHO/\QZRRG :XHOOQHU:LOKHOP
6RDUGV0DULRQ/
6RPPHU%HQMDPLQ' ;HUDYLWV*p]D*±
6SHQFHU)6FRWW
6WDQWRQ*1 <HR.KLRN.KQJ
6WHQVFKNH&KULVWRSK:
6WHXGHO$QQHWWH =LPPHUOL:DOWKHU
6WRQH0LFKDHO(GZDUG± =LPPHUPDQQ-RKDQQHV±±
±
6XEMHFW,QGH[
$DURQ 'HERUDK
$EHO± GHPRQV±
$GDP GLYLQHLGHQWLW\SDUWLFLSDWLRQLQ±
$KULPDQ ±
$KXUD0D]GD GLYLQHSUHURJDWLYH±±
$PUDP
$QDVWDVLV±
$QFLHQWRI'D\V HDJOH
$QJHORI<DKZHK± (O
DQJHORPRUSKLF± (OLMDK
DQJHOVDQJHOLF±± (PSHURUV5RPDQ
±±± (QDFWPHQW±
HQF\FORSHGLD
$SROORQLXVRI7\DQD (QRFK
DSSRLQWPHQW±± (QRFKLF-XGDLVP±
(SLFXUHDQLVP±
$UHRSDJXVVSHHFK± (VVHQLVP
$WKHQV± H[LOH±
±± H[RGXV
$]D]HO
)LUVW-HZLVK5HYROW
%DDO ILOLDOUHODWLRQVKLS
%DSWLVP± ILUHLPDJHU\±
%DUQDEDV±
%HKHPRWK IRUJLYHQHVV±
%HOLDO±± ±±
ERRNVKHDYHQO\
IRUPFULWLFLVP
FKULVWRORJ\ IRXUNLQJGRPV
± ³KLJK´±± IXQFWLRQDOGLYLQLW\
± ³ORZ´±±
± /XNDQ± *DEULHO
FORXGV±±± *DUGHQRI(GHQ
&RUQHOLXV± *HKHQQD±
JORU\±±
FUHDWLRQ± JQRVWLFOLWHUDWXUH
FXOWLFREMHFWV± JROGDQGVLOYHU
Subject Index
+HOOHQLVWLF-XGDLVP± ± DVDWHUP±
+HUPHV /\VWUD
KLGGHQQHVV±
0DJRJ±
LGROVLGRODWU\± 0HOFKL]HGHN±
LPPDQHQFHGLYLQH± PHVVLDKPHVVLDQLVP±±
LPSDUWLDOLW\± ±±±
±±±±
LPSOLHGDXGLHQFH ±
LPSOLHGUHDGHU ±±
LQWHUWH[WXDOLW\
,VDLDQLF6HUYDQW±± ± PHVVLDQLFLGHQWLW\
±
-HUXVDOHP ± 'DYLGLF
-HVXV
± DVMXGJH±± 0HWDWURQ±
±±± 0LFKDHO±±
±± PLQ±
± PRQRWKHLVP±
± YHQHUDWLRQRI± 0RVHV±
-HZLVK&KULVWLDQLW\ PRXQWDLQV
MXELOHH± 0RXQW=LRQ
MXGJPHQW±±
± DQGH[HFXWLRQRIDVHQWHQFH QDUUDWLYHFULWLFLVP±
1LFHQH&UHHG
± HVFKDWRORJLFDO±±
±±± RQWRORJLFDOGLYLQLW\
± 2[\UK\QFKXVSDS\UL
± in personam
± MXGJPHQWSURFHVV± 3DQHQWKHLVP
± RIWKHGHDG 3DQWKHLVP
SDURQRPDVLD
SULHVWO\ 3DXO±±±
MXVWLILFDWLRQ ±±
NHU\JPD± 3HQWHFRVWVSHHFK
.KLUEHW4XPUDQ 3HWHU±±±
.LWWLP± ±±
/HYL 3KDULVHHV
/HYLDWKDQ 3LVLGLDQ$QWLRFKVSHHFK
OLRQ± SUHH[LVWHQFH±
OLWHUDU\FULWLFLVP SULQFHRIWKHFRQJUHJDWLRQ±
/RUGRI6SLULWV± ±
ORUGVKLS± 3VHXGHSLJUDSKD±±
/XNDQWKHRORJ\±
/XNH$FWV±
4
±±
Subject Index
5DSKDHO ± WH[WRI(]UD
UHVXUUHFWLRQ±±
±± 7HDFKHURI5LJKWHRXVQHVV
7HWUDJUDPPDWRQ
UKHWRULFDOFULWLFLVP± WKHRSKDQ\
5RPH WKURQH
± RI'DYLG
6DWDQ± ± RIJORU\±
VHFWDULDQOLWHUDWXUH± ± RIMXGJHPHQW
6LQDL ± RI<DKZHK
VRQRI*RG±
VRQRIPDQ 8JDULW
± (WKLRSLFWHUPVIRU± XQLTXHQHVVRIWKH*RGRI,VUDHO±
± ILJXUHLQ(]UD± ±
± ILJXUHLQ'DQLHO± 8ULHO
± ILJXUHLQWKH6LPLOLWXGHVRI(QRFK±
YLQH±±
VSHHFKHVLQ$FWV YLVLRQ±±±±
± KLVWRULRJUDSK\RI
± LQWHUUXSWLRQVRI YLVLWDWLRQGLYLQH±
6SLULW+RO\± 9XOJDWH±
6WHSKHQ
6WRLFLVP±± ZRUVKLS±
± DQGFXOWLFREMHFWV± ±
± DQGZRUOGDVSHUPHDWHGE\WKHGLYLQH ZUDWK
±
PRUDOLW\± =DGRNLWH-XGDLVP
6\PEROXP5RPDQXP =HXV
6\QRSWLF*RVSHOV± ± VWDWXHRIDW2O\PSLD
6\ULDF =RURDVWULDQLVP
± WH[WRI%DUXFK±