WEEK 03

Day 03

Migration to Madina
• Mut’im, the chief of Banu Nawfal who had become Hazrat Muhammad’s(P.B.U.H) protector from the
time of the Taif incident, passed away soon after the second pledge of Aqabah; with his death, the Prophet
(P.B.U.H) was once more vulnerable to the violence of the Quraish. Abu Jahal now perfected a plot to
murder him. The Quraish held a meeting in the council hall, “Dar-un-Nadwa” where it was decided that one
person from each tribe should be selected who would simultaneously attack the Prophet(P.B.U.H) and kill
him. Abu Lahab, now the chief of the Banu Hashim, was not informed of this plan, but the understanding
was that he, being a strong opponent of Islam and the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H), would accept the blood
money and settle the issue.
The prophet was informed of this plan of his enemies by Allah and was told to leave Makkah that same
night: “Remember how the unbelievers plotted against you, to keep you in bonds or slay you, or get you
out (of your home).They plot and plan, and Allah too plans, But the best of planners is Allah.” (Al-Anfal
8:30)
• The Prophet (P.B.U.H) escaped secretly at night leaving behind Ali to sleep in his bed and to return
the valuables entrusted to him by people. the Prophet(P.B.U.H) came out of his house and threw dust at
the assassins, and they could not see him as he recited the following verse. “And We have put before
them a barrier and behind them a barrier and covered them, so they do not see”. [36:9]
• Prophet (P.B.U.H) and Hazrat Abu Bakr left Makkah during the night on a pair of camels and made their
way to a cave in Mount Thaur. Hazrat Abu Bakr’s R.A son and his freed slave Amr ibn Fuhayrah,
followed behind with a flock of sheep to cover up their tracks. Abu Bakr went with him; they took
refuge in Cave Thawr; Abu Bakr went in to make sure it was clean and safe; At that time Abu Bakr was
bitten by a scorpion or a snake as he had put his foot on one of the holes that was left unfilled, but he
did not cry out as the prophet was sleeping in his lap.
• Next morning, when the chiefs of Makka found Ali in Hazrat Muhammad‘s (P.B.U.H)bed they were
furious. Determined more than ever to find him, they offered a huge reward of one hundred red camels
for his capture, dead or alive. Many young men of Quraish went out in search of Prophet (P.B.U.H) and
came close to the cave. Some members of the quraish party climbed upto the cave and the foremost of
them turned around as he saw the cave entrance. His companion asked him why he did not go into the
cave. He answered, “Its entrance is covered with cobwebs and there is a pair of wild pigeons on the
threshold. Obviously, no one could have gone in without disturbing the pigeons and destroying the
cobwebs”. The Quraish were further convinced that the cave was empty when they saw its entrance
covered with branches growing from a nearby tree. They agreed to leave and called one another to return
to Makkah
• Hazrat Abu Bakr trembled with fear and expected them to break in the cave. He said to the holy Prophet
(P.B.U.H), if any one of them looks down he will find us. To this the holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) answered, “ O
Abu Bakr, how can you fear for two men whose constant companion is Allah Himself”
This incident mentioned in Quran in the following words, “For Allah did indeed help him, when the
unbelievers drove him out: he had no more than one companion the two were in the cave and he said to
his companion, have no fear, for Allah is with us” (9:40).
During their brief stay at the cave, Abdullah son of Abu bakr brought the news of Quraish, while Asma
daughter of Abu Bakr, brought them food, and Amr Bin Fuhaira, the freed slave of Abu Bakr, used to bring
the milk sheep to provide them with fresh milk. After spending three days in the cave, they set out for
Madinah.
 • One of the Makkans, Suraqa bin Malik almost caught up with them but could not get near because
his horse kept stumbling and he finally abandoned his desire of capturing Muhammad(P.B.U.H).
• Prophet (pbuh) also stopped at the tents of Aatikah bint Khalf also known as umm e Mu’abd.Hazrat Abu
Bakr (R.A) asked her as if she had some dates and mutton to sell. She replied, in negative. The Holy
Prophet (P.B.U.H) saw a weak goat standing in one corner of her tent and sought her permission to milk
the goat. He touched the goat’s udder with His blessed hands and immediately it filled with milk. All those
present drank till their satisfaction. The Prophet (P.B.U.H) milked it a second time and all the pots of her
house were filled with the milk.
• After under taking six days of journey the Prophet (P.B.U.H) arrived at Quba, a place near Yathrib on
23rd September 622 A.D. He stayed at the place of fourteen days during which he built a mosque. That
was the first mosque of Islam; the Prophet (P.B.U.H) himself participated in the building of the mosque
at Quba. Ali R.A joined him in Quba. Buraidah Aslami and Eighty people from Banu Aslam also accepted
Islam. On his way from Quba to Madinah, the Prophet (P.B.U.H) offered his first Friday congregational
prayers at the quarters of Banu Saleem, and delivered his first Friday sermon.
• Meanwhile the people of Madinah waited for the Prophet (P.B.U.H) eagerly. In their delight, the girls
of the Ansar sang to greet the Prophet. On the day the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) arrived, the people had
just gone back into their houses. The first person to see him was a Jew, thus fulfilling the prophecy contained
in the Torah. In Madinah, the people greeted the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) enthusiastically. Children
were singing as he arrived.
5. (b) What was the significance of this journey for the Muslims? [4]
• The importance of migration can be judged from the fact that the Muslim calendar starts from this
event and not from any other incident in the life of the Prophet (P.B.U.H).
• The migration completely altered the prevailing conditions of Arabia, it reshaped the Arab peninsula
socially and politically.
• Muslims before migration used to pray secretly for fear of the unbelievers. As they were weak and in
minority. They became strong enough to stand against injustice and persecutions.
• Prophet also got the chance to organize his followers into a disciplined community.
• As a result of this event, the first Islamic state was established and the Prophet pbuh became the head
of the state.
• Muslims became one nation and Madina became the place where Prophet’s call received response and
continued to grow and expand.

First Year after Hijra

• On the day the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) arrived at Madina, the people had just gone back into
their houses. The first person to see him was a Jew, thus fulfilling the prophecy contained in the
Torah. In Madinah, the people greeted the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) enthusiastically. Children
were singing as he arrived. Everyone was eager that he should stay with him. The grabbed the halter
of his camel, but the Prophet (P.B.U.H) said, “Let it go its own way, it is under orders.” Eventually
the camel stopped at the home of Banu Malik Ibn al-Najjar. By herself, she knelt at a place, which
today marks the door of the Prophet’s mosque. It belonged to two orphan boys, Sahil and Suhail, of
the Banu Najjar. The Prophet (P.B.U.H) paid them the price of the land and built the mosque of the
Prophet (P.B.U.H) (Masjid-al-nabvi). While the mosque was being built, he stayed at the house of
Abu Ayub al Ansari.
• The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) himself worked hard with the companions to complete the building.
This mosque was known as the “Mosque of the Prophet” or Masjid-e-Nabawi. It is referred to in
the Quran in the following words:
“There is a mosque whose foundation was laid from the first day on piety; it is more worthy of thy standing
forth (for prayer) therein. In it are men who love to be purified, and Allah loveth those who make
themselves pure.” (9:108)
 • After the construction of Masjid e Nabwi Muslims felt the need to find a way to inform people to
come to congregational prayer. The Prophet (pbuh) asked his companions for their advice.
Some suggested that the Muslims, like the Jews, should blow a horn to announce the time for the
prayer. Others said, the Muslims might ring bells as the Christians do in their churches. A few
proposed that the Muslims, like the fire-worshippers, kindle a fire to call people to pray. Yet other
suggested the beating of drums but the Prophet (pbuh) did not approve any of these because it
resembled the unbelievers. Hazrat Umar suggested that people should be called to prayer in
human voice. The Prophet (pbuh) waited to hear a better idea or to receive guidance from Allah.
One day, a companion, 'Abdullah ibn Zaid , came and said, "O Messenager of Allah! I had a
beautiful dream last night."
The Prophet(pbuh) asked , "What was the dream you saw?".
Zaid answered, "I have seen that a man wearing green garments taught me the words of the 'Adhan
and advised me to call people to prayer with these words." He then recited the words for the
'Adhan.
The words were beautiful and full of meaning. The Prophet (pbuh) recognized that the dream of
'Abdullah bin Zaid was true. He asked 'Abdullah to teach the words of the 'Adhan to Bilal, who had
a loud and beautiful voice. Thus he was appointed as the Muezzin.

• The Muslims in Madinah belonged to two categories. Those who had migrated to Madinah from
Makkah were known as Muhajirin or emigrants. Those who belonged to Madinah and had given
shelter to the emigrants and helped them were known as Ansar or the Helpers. The Holy Prophet
(P.B.U.H) established brotherhood between these two groups of Muslims. He told the Ansar that
the Muhajirin were in need of help, and so he wanted to create brotherhood between them. The
Ansar willingly agreed to this. The Holy Quran mentioned this in these words: “Those who believed
and adopted exile, and fought for the faith, with their property and their persons, in the cause of
Allah, as well as those who gave (them) asylum and aid, these are (all) friends and protector, one
of another.”(8:72)
• Even the enmity between the two tribes of Madinah, Aus and Khazraj was forgotten, as mentioned
in the Holly Quran; “....And remember with gratitude Allah’s favour on you; for you were enemies
and He joined yours heart in love, so that by His grace, you became brothers...”(3:103)
• There were three main tribes of Jews; Banu Qainuqa, Banu Nazir and Banu Quraiza, settled in the
suburbs of Madinah in their own strong fortresses. As soon as the Holly Prophet (P.B.U.H) was
settled in Madinah, he called together the Muslims and the Jewish tribes for consultation. After an
exchange of views, an agreement was reached which granted
o equal rights to the Jews with full liberty to follow their own faith without any interference by the
Holly Prophet (P.B.U.H) or his followers.
o It stated that the Muslims and Jews were allies and would help each other,
o that neither party would commit aggression against the other,
o and that in case of an attack on Madinah, both Muslims and Jews would defend it.
o It also guaranteed protection of their life and property
o the Treaty also established the Holy Prophet (P.B.U,.H) as the leader and the head of the State of
Madinah.
o It also stated that the disputes of the Jews would be decided according to their own law of Taurah.
The name of the town was changes from Yathrib to Madina tul Nabi i.e City of the Prophet.
5(b) What lessons can Muslims learn from the brotherhood that was created in Madina?[4]
• Islam establishes human brotherhood on the basis of faith. Allah describes the believers as being
brother. “The believers are a single brotherhood.” [49:10]
 • Brotherhood between Muhajirin and Ansar reminds the Muslims that the feeling of brotherhood is
an essential prerequisite for unity. It guarantees the safety and the well-being of the society at
large.
• Muslims can help by looking to see what they can offer others. Help can be in any form, e.g.,
financial assistance to poor, youth services, challenging social injustice etc.
• Muslims may live in areas where people from another country have come to settle, whether it be
because they are fleeing from persecution for example Kashmir, Palestine etc or to seek work.
Muslims can help them by finding out about them, asking if they need any help, providing
food/clothing/information and /or by helping them to integrate.
Charter of Madina
• In 622 A.D. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) migrated to Yathrib (Madinah) together with his followers
after receiving an invitation from the Arab tribes of Yathrib. At that time, Yathrib was a pluralistic
society composed of people of different religions with a large population of Jews. These tribes were
engaged in bitter quarrels and often went to war over disputes that had been going on for
generations. There were 2 tribes of Arabs divided Aws and Khazraj and Jewish tribes including Banu
Nadir, Banu Quraiza and Bani Qainuqa. They had been waiting for the arrival of a prophet, but they
had expected him to come from the lineage of Ishaq. There were also some Christians living there.
• The continuous state of anarchy in Madinah eventually forced the residents to seek options for
peace. They agreed to make a prominent tribal chief, Abdullah ibn Ubay bin Salool, their king so that
peace and harmony could be achieved. Around this time, Prophet Muhammad (SAW) arrived in
Madinah and the tide turned against Abdullah bin Ubay. Since the Prophet was viewed as a
respectable, honest and trustworthy person, he was requested to head the soon to be city-state of
Madinah.
• After assuming a central role in Madinah, the Prophet recognized a few pressing needs, which
included: Determining the rights and responsibilities of the local population as well as the immigrants
from Makkah. Making agreements with the non-Muslim population of Madinah , especially the Jews,
to ensure peace and harmony. Creating a strategy and plan to defend the city against invasions.
Making resources available for the immigrants to make a living.
• The strong need to create a centralized government in Madinah to end the prevailing anarchy
culminated in the creation of the Charter of Madinah. It is divided into two parts; the first part deals
with the rules and regulations for Muslim immigrants (Muhajirin) and Muslim natives (Ansar) and the
second part deals with the rights and responsibilities of the Jews of Madinah. This charter contains
47 clauses, which laid the foundations of a sovereign nation-state comprising of Muslims, Jews and
Pagans, having equal rights and responsibilities under a common citizenship.
➢ The salient features of this charter include:
• equal rights to the Jews with full liberty to follow their own faith without any interference by the Holy
Prophet (P.B.U.H) or his followers.
• It stated that the Muslims and Jews were allies and would help each other,
• that neither party would commit aggression against the other,
• and that in case of an attack on Madinah, both Muslims and Jews would defend it.
• It also guaranteed protection of their life and property
• Treaty also established the Holy Prophet (P.B.U,.H) as the leader and the head of the State of Madinah.
In the event of a dispute among the signatories, Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was the final authority for
settling the dispute
• A system of financial aid was developed within each tribe and between tribes. Communal funds were
set up which were used in times of financial need such as to pay ransom or blood-money
• The Quraysh of Makkah were to be boycotted commercially by all signatories and nobody was to extend
any support to them.
The constitution meant that the rights of all citizens were safeguarded, and initially the relations between
the different groups remained sound. They engaged in commercial dealings with each other and gave and
received help from each other.