Empsit

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-22-2097
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, November 4, 2022
Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • [email protected]
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — OCTOBER 2022
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 261,000 in October, and the unemployment rate
rose to 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains occurred in
health care, professional and technical services, and manufacturing.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
October 2019 – October 2022 October 2019 – October 2022
Percent Thousands
16.0 160,000
14.0 155,000
12.0 150,000
10.0 145,000
8.0 140,000
6.0 135,000
4.0 130,000
2.0 125,000
Oct-19 Apr-20 Oct-20 Apr-21 Oct-21 Apr-22 Oct-22 Oct-19 Apr-20 Oct-20 Apr-21 Oct-21 Apr-22 Oct-22
This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.
Hurricane Ian
Hurricane Ian had no discernible effect on the national employment and unemployment data for
October. BLS will release the regional and state estimates on November 18th. For information on how
unusually severe weather can affect the employment and hours estimates, see the Frequently Asked
Questions section of this news release.
Household Survey Data
The unemployment rate increased by 0.2 percentage point to 3.7 percent in October, and the number of
unemployed persons rose by 306,000 to 6.1 million. The unemployment rate has been in a narrow
range of 3.5 percent to 3.7 percent since March. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (3.4 percent) and Whites
(3.2 percent) rose in October. The jobless rates for adult men (3.3 percent), teenagers (11.0 percent),
Blacks (5.9 percent), Asians (2.9 percent), and Hispanics (4.2 percent) showed little or no change over
the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers changed little at 1.2 million in October,
and the number of persons on temporary layoff also changed little at 847,000. (See table A-11.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.2
million in October. The long-term unemployed accounted for 19.5 percent of all unemployed persons.
(See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate, at 62.2 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 60.0
percent, were about unchanged in October and have shown little net change since early this year. These
measures are 1.2 percentage points below their values in February 2020, prior to the coronavirus
(COVID-19) pandemic. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons was little changed at 3.7 million in
October. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time
because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was little changed at 5.7
million in October and remains above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals were not
counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding
the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)
Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to
the labor force was little changed in October at 1.5 million. These individuals wanted and were
available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for
work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the
marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, decreased by 114,000 to 371,000
in October. (See Summary table A.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 261,000 in October. Monthly job growth has
averaged 407,000 thus far in 2022, compared with 562,000 per month in 2021. In October, notable job
gains occurred in health care, professional and technical services, and manufacturing. (See table B-1.)
In October, employment in health care rose by 53,000, with gains in ambulatory health care services
(+31,000), nursing and residential care facilities (+11,000), and hospitals (+11,000). So far in 2022,
health care employment has increased by an average of 47,000 per month, compared with 9,000 per
month in 2021.
-2-
Professional and technical services added 43,000 jobs in October. Employment continued to trend up
in management and technical consulting services (+7,000), architectural and engineering services
(+7,000), and scientific research and development services (+5,000). Monthly job growth in professional
and technical services has averaged 41,000 thus far in 2022, compared with 53,000 per month in 2021.
Manufacturing added 32,000 jobs in October, mostly in durable goods industries (+23,000).
Manufacturing employment has increased by an average of 37,000 per month thus far this year,
compared with 30,000 per month in 2021.
Employment in social assistance increased by 19,000 in October and is slightly below (-9,000) its pre-
pandemic level in February 2020. Within social assistance, employment in individual and family
services continued to trend up in October (+10,000).
Wholesale trade added 15,000 jobs in October. Employment in wholesale trade has increased by an
average of 17,000 per month thus far in 2022, compared with 13,000 per month in 2021.
Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up in October (+35,000), with

accommodation adding 20,000 jobs. Employment in food services and drinking places changed little
over the month (+6,000). Leisure and hospitality has added an average of 78,000 jobs per month thus far
this year, less than half of the average gain of 196,000 jobs per month in 2021. Employment in leisure
and hospitality is down by 1.1 million, or 6.5 percent, from its February 2020 level.
Employment in transportation and warehousing changed little in October (+8,000). Within the
industry, job growth occurred in truck transportation (+13,000), couriers and messengers (+7,000), and
air transportation (+4,000). These gains were partially offset by a job loss in warehousing and storage
(-20,000). Monthly job growth in transportation and warehousing has averaged 25,000 thus far this year,
compared with 36,000 per month in 2021.
In October, financial activities employment was little changed (+3,000). Within the industry, job gains
in insurance carriers and related activities (+9,000) and in securities, commodity contracts, and
investments (+5,000) were partially offset by a job loss in rental and leasing services (-8,000).
Employment in financial activities has changed little over the past 6 months.
Employment changed little over the month in other major industries, including mining, construction,
retail trade, information, other services, and government.
In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 12 cents,
or 0.4 percent, to $32.58. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 4.7
percent. In October, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees rose by 9 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $27.86. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
In October, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 34.5 hours for
the fifth month in a row. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees was little changed
at 40.4 hours, and overtime decreased by 0.1 hour to 3.1 hours. The average workweek for production
and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls held at 34.0 hours. (See tables B-2 and
B-7.)
-3-
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised down by 23,000, from
+315,000 to +292,000, and the change for September was revised up by 52,000, from +263,000 to
+315,000. With these revisions, employment gains in August and September combined were 29,000
higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of
seasonal factors.)
_____________
The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 2,
2022, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
Changes to Household Survey Supplemental Data
Four new supplemental questions were added to the household survey in October 2022 to examine the
effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market. These new questions, which focus
on telework, replace the original supplemental questions asked from May 2020 through September
2022. Because data from the new questions will take time to process and review, the Household Survey
Supplemental Data section of the Employment Situation news release has been temporarily
discontinued. Information about the new questions, including future announcements about the
availability of data from these questions, will be available at www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-
coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.
Update to the 2022 North American Industry Classification System
With the release of January 2023 data on February 3, 2023, the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey will revise the basis for industry classification from the 2017 North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS) to NAICS 2022. The conversion to NAICS 2022 will result in minor
revisions reflecting content and coding changes within the mining and logging, manufacturing,
wholesale trade, financial activities, and other services sectors, as well as major revisions reflecting
content and coding changes in the retail trade and information sectors. Many industry titles and
descriptions will also be updated to better reflect official NAICS titles. Approximately 10 percent of
employment will be reclassified into different industries as a result of the revision. Details of updated
titles and new, discontinued, and collapsed industries resulting from the NAICS 2022 update, as well as
changes due to the annual benchmarking process, will be available on January 6, 2023.
For more information on NAICS 2022, visit www.census.gov/naics.
-4-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Change from:
Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct.
Category Sept. 2022-
2021 2022 2022 2022
Oct. 2022
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261,908 264,184 264,356 264,535 179
Civilian labor force.......................................................... . 161,610 164,746 164,689 164,667 -22
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 62.4 62.3 62.2 -0.1
Employed.................................................................. . 154,234 158,732 158,936 158,608 -328
Employment-population ratio......................................... . 58.9 60.1 60.1 60.0 -0.1
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,375 6,014 5,753 6,059 306
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.7 3.5 3.7 0.2
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,298 99,438 99,667 99,868 201
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.7 3.5 3.7 0.2
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.5 3.3 3.3 0.0
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.3 3.1 3.4 0.3
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 10.4 11.4 11.0 -0.4
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.2 3.1 3.2 0.1
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 6.4 5.8 5.9 0.1
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 2.8 2.5 2.9 0.4
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ . 5.7 4.5 3.8 4.2 0.4
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 0.2
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 6.2 5.6 6.3 0.7
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.2 3.7 3.9 0.2
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 2.9 2.9 3.0 0.1
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. . 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.9 0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,700 2,720 2,495 2,663 168
Job leavers..................................................................... . 845 898 905 862 -43
Reentrants...................................................................... . 2,206 1,836 1,840 1,886 46
New entrants................................................................... . 537 440 447 485 38
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,051 2,223 2,154 2,211 57
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. . 1,876 1,807 1,645 1,783 138
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,001 885 899 805 -94
27 weeks and over............................................................ . 2,339 1,137 1,067 1,165 98
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,398 4,149 3,843 3,660 -183
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,108 2,769 2,577 2,534 -43
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961 979 952 870 -82
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... . 20,539 21,044 21,233 21,274 41
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,685 1,434 1,600 1,504 -96
Discouraged workers....................................................... . 455 366 485 371 -114
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category 2021 2022 2022p 2022p
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 292 315 261
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694 233 319 233
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 43 48 33
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -2 3 0
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 9 22 1
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 36 23 32
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 36 13 23
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 12.1 7.4 4.8
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 0 10 9
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 190 271 200
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 15.1 11.6 14.6
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.4 29.3 -7.6 7.2
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.5 -1.7 -11.3 8.2
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 1.5 0.6 1.1
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7 7 4
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 9 1 3
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 29 52 39
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.1 -0.7 12.6 11.8
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 82 91 79
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 71.7 80.7 71.1
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 13 107 35
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5 20 9
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -17 59 -4 28
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 374 381 289
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 342 333 262
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 49.9 49.9 49.9
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 48.4 48.5 48.5
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.6 81.5 81.5 81.5
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 34.5 34.5 34.5
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $31.11 $32.36 $32.46 $32.58
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,082.63 $1,116.42 $1,119.87 $1,124.01
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.0 112.9 113.2 113.4
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.6 174.7 175.7 176.7
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.6
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (256 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.0 59.8 64.3 61.7
Manufacturing (74 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.6 53.4 57.4 56.8
1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; labor force as a percent of the population, and
establishment survey). The household survey provides the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
information on the labor force, employment, and percent of the population. Additional information
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked about the household survey can be found at
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
The establishment survey provides information on drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each those who worked or received pay for any part of the
month from the payroll records of a sample of reference pay period, including persons on paid leave.
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and
CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and earnings data are produced for the private sector for all
government agencies, representing approximately 670,000 employees and for production and nonsupervisory
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on defined as production and related employees in
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately manufacturing and mining and logging, construction
one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a private service-providing industries.
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the Industries are classified on the basis of an
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains establishment's principal activity in accordance with the
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which System. Additional information about the establishment
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect household and establishment surveys result in important
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
responses to a series of questions on work and job search surveys. Among these are:
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in • The household survey includes agricultural
the labor force. workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
People are classified as employed if they did any work are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked private household workers among the employed.
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or These groups are excluded from the establishment
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or survey.
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad • The household survey includes people on unpaid
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal leave among the employed. The establishment
reasons. survey does not.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the • The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
reference week; they were available for work at that time; of age and older. The establishment survey is not
and they made specific active efforts to find employment limited by age.
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting • The household survey has no duplication of
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as individuals, because individuals are counted only
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for establishment survey, employees working at more
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. than one job and thus appearing on more than one
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The
Seasonal adjustment Reliability of the estimates
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor Statistics based on the household and establishment
force and the levels of employment and unemployment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such differ from the true population values they represent. The
seasonal variation can be very large. component of this difference that occurs because samples
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
developments, such as declines in employment or increases than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying (50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-the-
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make month change lies within this interval. Since this range
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
activity. rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
as total payroll employment, employment in most major unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
by aggregating independently adjusted component series. as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be In general, estimates involving many individuals or
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and small number of observations. The precision of estimates
duration are derived from the sum of the independently also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
seasonally adjusted component series, and will not as for quarterly and annual averages.
necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally The household and establishment surveys are also
adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa. population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
For both the household and establishment surveys, a in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current processing of the data.
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated that the estimate is considered final.
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year Another major source of nonsampling error in the
revisions to historical data are made once a year. establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for The sample-based estimates from the establishment
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
estimation procedure with two components is used to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
account for business births. The first component excludes administrative records of the unemployment insurance
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based program. The difference between the March sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains employment estimates and the March universe counts is
from business births. This is incorporated into the sample- known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from
employment. -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment Other information
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and relay services.
deaths over the past 5 years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1
Employment status, sex, and age Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2021 2022 2022 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261,908 264,356 264,535 261,908 263,835 264,012 264,184 264,356 264,535
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,863 164,463 164,753 161,610 164,023 163,960 164,746 164,689 164,667
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 62.2 62.3 61.7 62.2 62.1 62.4 62.3 62.2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,966 159,003 159,144 154,234 158,111 158,290 158,732 158,936 158,608
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 60.1 60.2 58.9 59.9 60.0 60.1 60.1 60.0
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,896 5,460 5,609 7,375 5,912 5,670 6,014 5,753 6,059
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.3 3.4 4.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,045 99,893 99,782 100,298 99,812 100,051 99,438 99,667 99,868
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,567 5,650 5,341 5,935 5,656 5,910 5,549 5,834 5,717
Men, 16 years and over
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,163 84,687 84,799 81,835 84,061 83,891 84,045 84,587 84,571
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,562 2,842 2,886 3,900 3,152 3,046 3,290 3,124 3,218
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,556 82,075 82,093 79,164 81,242 81,164 81,225 81,878 81,792
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,230 2,519 2,530 3,539 2,797 2,692 2,934 2,783 2,834
Women, 16 years and over
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,803 74,316 74,345 72,399 74,050 74,399 74,687 74,349 74,037
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,335 2,618 2,723 3,475 2,760 2,625 2,724 2,629 2,841
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,274 71,590 71,628 69,790 71,311 71,710 71,729 71,493 71,224
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,022 2,251 2,441 3,139 2,430 2,278 2,411 2,258 2,534
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,137 5,337 5,422 5,281 5,558 5,415 5,778 5,565 5,592
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 689 638 697 685 700 669 713 691
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
Employment status, race, sex, and age Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2021 2022 2022 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
WHITE
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,891 122,403 122,490 119,376 121,587 121,822 122,129 122,329 122,078
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,517 3,633 3,725 4,903 4,119 3,884 4,043 3,855 4,087
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,644 64,221 64,276 62,374 63,529 63,464 63,553 64,048 64,043
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,081 1,651 1,749 2,320 2,027 1,966 2,048 1,892 1,985
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,184 53,979 54,043 52,800 53,727 54,123 54,125 53,914 53,695
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,986 1,456 1,550 2,101 1,591 1,442 1,535 1,437 1,638
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,062 4,203 4,171 4,202 4,331 4,235 4,451 4,366 4,340
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 527 426 482 501 476 460 526 463
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,120 20,041 20,124 18,962 19,975 19,907 19,776 20,014 19,984
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,568 1,177 1,244 1,603 1,238 1,268 1,347 1,243 1,259
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,779 9,368 9,335 8,699 9,342 9,212 9,125 9,321 9,264
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761 540 500 780 524 552 582 573 514
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,742 10,072 10,140 9,673 10,030 10,119 10,018 10,058 10,081
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705 565 630 710 598 569 625 578 619
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 673 762 703 719 722 773 728 765
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 601 648 590 603 576 634 635 639
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 72 114 113 116 146 140 92 127
See footnotes at end of table.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
Employment status, race, sex, and age Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2021 2022 2022 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
ASIAN
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,312 10,882 10,776 10,310 10,565 10,693 10,790 10,848 10,797
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 269 323 457 330 287 307 274 327
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
Employment status, sex, and age Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2021 2022 2022 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,159 46,373 46,459 45,159 46,119 46,200 46,287 46,373 46,459
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,736 30,641 30,796 29,663 30,670 30,363 30,918 30,650 30,710
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 66.1 66.3 65.7 66.5 65.7 66.8 66.1 66.1
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,154 29,515 29,595 27,962 29,364 29,170 29,539 29,470 29,434
Employment-population ratio.............. . 62.3 63.6 63.7 61.9 63.7 63.1 63.8 63.5 63.4
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,582 1,126 1,202 1,701 1,306 1,193 1,379 1,180 1,277
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 3.7 3.9 5.7 4.3 3.9 4.5 3.8 4.2
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,423 15,732 15,663 15,496 15,449 15,837 15,369 15,724 15,749
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,495 16,031 16,068 15,410 16,170 15,870 15,976 15,971 16,004
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724 493 606 803 573 581 649 535 634
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,485 12,339 12,294 11,374 11,926 12,113 12,264 12,321 12,186
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642 452 424 680 560 402 547 457 469
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,173 1,145 1,233 1,178 1,268 1,187 1,299 1,178 1,243
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 181 172 218 173 210 183 187 174
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2021 2022 2022 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,921 9,094 9,016 9,025 9,210 8,924 8,646 8,992 9,155
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.9 46.2 46.0 46.4 44.7 46.2 45.4 45.7 46.7
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,365 8,674 8,534 8,368 8,680 8,398 8,110 8,491 8,577
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.1 44.1 43.5 43.1 42.2 43.5 42.5 43.1 43.7
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555 420 481 657 530 526 536 501 578
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 4.6 5.3 7.3 5.8 5.9 6.2 5.6 6.3
High school graduates, no college1
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,774 34,244 33,915 33,395 34,679 34,113 34,284 33,973 33,656
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,801 1,244 1,328 1,888 1,305 1,273 1,514 1,306 1,382
Some college or associate degree
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,236 34,609 35,132 33,863 34,585 34,563 34,538 34,530 34,731
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,474 989 1,037 1,531 1,122 1,012 1,048 1,014 1,074
Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,654 62,473 62,292 59,477 60,800 62,094 62,519 62,478 62,156
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,414 1,100 1,166 1,473 1,297 1,286 1,182 1,132 1,220
1
Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
Total Men Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022
VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,981 18,291 16,059 16,259 1,922 2,032
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,417 8,833 7,267 7,613 1,150 1,221
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 48.3 45.3 46.8 59.8 60.1
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,090 8,610 6,999 7,417 1,091 1,192
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.0 47.1 43.6 45.6 56.8 58.7
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 224 268 195 59 28
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 2.5 3.7 2.6 5.1 2.3
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,564 9,458 8,792 8,646 772 811
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,607 4,949 3,834 4,076 773 873
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,637 4,044 3,081 3,369 557 675
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,500 3,931 2,974 3,278 526 654
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 113 107 92 30 21
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969 905 753 706 216 198
Gulf War-era I veterans
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,144 2,222 1,804 1,904 340 318
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 54 74 51 18 3
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 958 720 773 175 184
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002 886 952 837 50 49
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961 867 917 817 45 49
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 19 35 19 5 0
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 2.2 3.7 2.3 – –
Veterans of other service periods
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,485 1,589 1,304 1,418 180 171
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 38 51 34 6 4
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235,095 236,800 106,291 107,887 128,804 128,913
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,257 153,525 77,395 78,943 73,862 74,582
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,876 148,341 74,192 76,371 70,684 71,970
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,381 5,184 3,203 2,572 3,178 2,611
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,837 83,275 28,896 28,943 54,941 54,332
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
2021 2022 2021 2022
TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... . 31,195 32,819 230,713 231,716
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,987 7,797 154,876 156,956
Participation rate.................................................................... . 22.4 23.8 67.1 67.7
Employed............................................................................ . 6,352 7,224 148,615 151,920
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 22.0 64.4 65.6
Unemployed......................................................................... . 635 573 6,261 5,036
Unemployment rate.............................................................. . 9.1 7.4 4.0 3.2
Not in labor force...................................................................... . 24,208 25,022 75,837 74,760
Men, 16 to 64 years
Employed............................................................................ . 2,636 3,035 73,652 75,544
Unemployed......................................................................... . 264 283 3,091 2,473
Women, 16 to 64 years
Employed............................................................................ . 2,550 2,848 65,667 66,604
Unemployed......................................................................... . 305 244 2,844 2,366
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Employed............................................................................ . 1,166 1,341 9,296 9,772
Unemployed......................................................................... . 66 46 326 196
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
Total Men Women
Employment status and nativity Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022
Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . 43,449 45,908 21,226 22,506 22,223 23,402
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,564 30,459 16,570 17,657 11,994 12,802
Participation rate................................................. . 65.7 66.3 78.1 78.5 54.0 54.7
Employed......................................................... . 27,341 29,451 15,932 17,110 11,409 12,340
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 64.2 75.1 76.0 51.3 52.7
Unemployed...................................................... . 1,224 1,008 639 547 585 461
Unemployment rate........................................... . 4.3 3.3 3.9 3.1 4.9 3.6
Not in labor force................................................... . 14,885 15,450 4,656 4,849 10,229 10,600
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . 218,458 218,627 105,492 106,391 112,966 112,236
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,298 134,294 69,155 70,028 64,144 64,267
Participation rate................................................. . 61.0 61.4 65.6 65.8 56.8 57.3
Employed......................................................... . 127,626 129,693 66,232 67,688 61,394 62,005
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 59.3 62.8 63.6 54.3 55.2
Unemployed...................................................... . 5,673 4,601 2,923 2,340 2,750 2,261
Unemployment rate........................................... . 4.3 3.4 4.2 3.3 4.3 3.5
Not in labor force................................................... . 85,160 84,333 36,338 36,363 48,822 47,970
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2021 2022 2022 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,418 2,165 2,300 2,296 2,308 2,429 2,178 2,178 2,205
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,596 1,448 1,577 1,501 1,520 1,621 1,491 1,474 1,497
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . 785 700 701 769 747 752 645 696 691
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 18 22 – – – – – –
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,548 156,838 156,845 152,070 156,114 156,002 156,931 156,956 156,645
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,933 147,538 147,397 142,194 146,346 146,627 147,397 147,268 147,004
Government.................................... . 20,586 21,166 21,258 20,511 20,601 21,272 21,220 21,313 21,180
Private industries.............................. . 122,347 126,372 126,139 122,175 125,767 125,421 126,111 126,494 126,165
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766 705 743 – – – – – –
Other industries............................. . 121,581 125,667 125,397 121,460 125,210 124,799 125,441 125,902 125,559
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . 9,548 9,235 9,394 9,465 9,255 8,971 8,985 9,161 9,283
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 65 54 – – – – – –
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,094 3,523 3,356 4,398 3,621 3,924 4,149 3,843 3,660
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,913 2,393 2,335 3,108 2,366 2,697 2,769 2,577 2,534
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928 945 817 961 914 910 979 952 870
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,128 21,389 21,901 20,539 20,602 21,103 21,044 21,233 21,274
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,998 3,479 3,301 4,273 3,694 3,888 4,075 3,763 3,577
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,838 2,353 2,288 3,032 2,345 2,676 2,727 2,527 2,486
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927 945 813 962 912 909 966 952 867
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,773 21,047 21,555 20,200 20,180 20,675 20,710 20,887 20,932
1
Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
2
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
Characteristic Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2021 2022 2022 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,966 159,003 159,144 154,234 158,111 158,290 158,732 158,936 158,608
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,137 5,337 5,422 5,281 5,558 5,415 5,778 5,565 5,592
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,999 2,115 2,193 1,992 2,114 2,076 2,255 2,087 2,189
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,137 3,222 3,229 3,289 3,443 3,343 3,485 3,464 3,389
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,830 153,666 153,722 148,953 152,554 152,875 152,953 153,371 153,016
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,800 13,666 13,849 13,718 13,852 13,902 13,670 13,755 13,780
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,030 140,000 139,873 135,282 138,603 138,969 139,259 139,598 139,214
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,355 102,291 102,028 98,795 101,495 101,686 102,053 102,037 101,548
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,257 35,451 35,527 35,029 35,437 35,436 35,555 35,392 35,320
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,237 34,735 34,760 33,042 34,508 34,616 34,694 34,618 34,607
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,862 32,105 31,742 30,723 31,550 31,634 31,804 32,027 31,621
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,674 37,709 37,844 36,487 37,108 37,283 37,206 37,561 37,666
Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,163 84,687 84,799 81,835 84,061 83,891 84,045 84,587 84,571
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,608 2,612 2,705 2,672 2,819 2,726 2,820 2,709 2,779
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972 958 1,010 984 1,046 988 1,036 954 1,027
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,636 1,653 1,695 1,691 1,769 1,742 1,761 1,749 1,751
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,556 82,075 82,093 79,164 81,242 81,164 81,225 81,878 81,792
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,969 7,003 7,150 6,972 7,081 7,022 6,900 7,038 7,146
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,587 75,072 74,943 72,181 74,052 74,151 74,233 74,762 74,581
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,007 54,560 54,379 52,717 54,161 54,190 54,193 54,381 54,130
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,855 18,926 18,845 18,715 18,842 18,740 18,767 18,866 18,718
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,866 18,656 18,721 17,784 18,492 18,631 18,651 18,579 18,656
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,286 16,979 16,813 16,218 16,828 16,819 16,776 16,936 16,756
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,580 20,512 20,564 19,464 19,890 19,961 20,040 20,381 20,450
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,803 74,316 74,345 72,399 74,050 74,399 74,687 74,349 74,037
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,529 2,726 2,717 2,609 2,739 2,689 2,958 2,856 2,813
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,027 1,157 1,183 1,008 1,067 1,088 1,219 1,133 1,162
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,501 1,568 1,534 1,598 1,674 1,601 1,724 1,715 1,637
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,274 71,590 71,628 69,790 71,311 71,710 71,729 71,493 71,224
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,831 6,663 6,699 6,746 6,771 6,880 6,770 6,717 6,635
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,443 64,928 64,929 63,101 64,551 64,818 65,026 64,836 64,633
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,348 47,731 47,649 46,078 47,334 47,496 47,860 47,656 47,418
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,401 16,525 16,682 16,314 16,595 16,696 16,789 16,526 16,602
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,371 16,079 16,039 15,258 16,016 15,986 16,044 16,039 15,951
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,576 15,127 14,928 14,505 14,722 14,814 15,028 15,091 14,865
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,095 17,197 17,280 17,023 17,218 17,322 17,165 17,180 17,216
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,910 46,100 45,631 43,794 45,222 45,449 45,422 45,912 45,556
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,209 36,616 36,309 34,988 36,526 36,954 36,828 36,615 36,155
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,696 9,813 9,629 – – – – – –
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,848 133,027 132,544 128,409 132,648 132,577 132,335 132,661 132,228
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,119 25,976 26,600 25,903 25,440 25,824 26,237 26,230 26,394
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,166 7,739 7,676 6,984 7,541 7,633 7,747 7,746 7,496
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.7
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,334 6,710 6,851 – – – – – –
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,332 9,935 10,095 10,234 10,002 9,723 9,629 9,858 9,974
1
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex
married couples only.
2
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,
referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates
Characteristic (in thousands)
Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2021 2022 2022 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,375 5,753 6,059 4.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7
16 to 19 years.................................... . 697 713 691 11.7 11.0 11.5 10.4 11.4 11.0
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 294 240 10.1 11.2 10.3 9.7 12.4 9.9
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 424 456 12.6 10.2 12.1 10.9 10.9 11.9
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,679 5,040 5,368 4.3 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.4
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,071 1,030 1,020 7.2 6.8 6.4 6.9 7.0 6.9
25 years and over............................. . 5,579 3,980 4,319 4.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,266 3,074 3,386 4.1 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.2
25 to 34 years............................ . 1,763 1,313 1,457 4.8 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.6 4.0
35 to 44 years............................ . 1,311 1,072 1,025 3.8 3.2 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.9
45 to 54 years............................ . 1,192 689 904 3.7 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.1 2.8
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,363 926 962 3.6 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.5
Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,900 3,124 3,218 4.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.7
16 to 19 years.................................... . 361 341 384 11.9 11.2 11.5 11.2 11.2 12.1
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 145 138 9.8 11.2 8.7 11.5 13.2 11.8
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 200 254 13.2 9.8 12.8 11.2 10.3 12.7
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,539 2,783 2,834 4.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.3
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620 606 550 8.2 7.6 7.3 8.1 7.9 7.1
25 years and over............................. . 2,912 2,165 2,271 3.9 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,214 1,675 1,771 4.0 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.2
25 to 34 years............................ . 995 706 769 5.0 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.9
35 to 44 years............................ . 676 564 502 3.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.6
45 to 54 years............................ . 543 405 500 3.2 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.9
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699 490 501 3.5 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.4
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,475 2,629 2,841 4.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.7
16 to 19 years.................................... . 336 372 307 11.4 10.8 11.4 9.6 11.5 9.8
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 149 102 10.4 11.1 11.6 8.2 11.6 8.1
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 224 202 12.0 10.6 11.3 10.5 11.6 11.0
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,139 2,258 2,534 4.3 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.4
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 424 470 6.3 6.0 5.4 5.7 5.9 6.6
25 years and over............................. . 2,667 1,815 2,047 4.1 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.7 3.1
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,052 1,399 1,615 4.3 3.2 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.3
25 to 34 years............................ . 768 607 688 4.5 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.5 4.0
35 to 44 years............................ . 635 507 523 4.0 3.6 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.2
45 to 54 years............................ . 649 284 404 4.3 2.6 2.4 2.7 1.8 2.6
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642 420 446 3.6 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.5
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,120 840 891 2.5 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.9
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,080 708 801 3.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.2
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610 488 577 5.9 4.5 4.7 5.1 4.7 5.7
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,144 4,751 5,027 4.6 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.7
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,269 1,010 1,073 4.7 3.9 4.2 4.1 3.7 3.9
1
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to
persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
2
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,
but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an
opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Reason Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2021 2022 2022 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,306 2,176 2,335 3,700 2,645 2,547 2,720 2,495 2,663
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693 463 526 1,041 827 791 782 758 847
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,613 1,713 1,809 2,659 1,818 1,756 1,938 1,737 1,816
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,082 1,161 1,260 2,102 1,273 1,166 1,354 1,181 1,241
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . 530 552 549 557 545 589 584 556 576
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 976 887 845 832 842 898 905 862
Reentrants........................................... . 2,186 1,867 1,887 2,206 1,990 1,826 1,836 1,840 1,886
New entrants........................................ . 536 441 501 537 464 460 440 447 485
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 39.9 41.6 50.8 44.6 44.9 46.2 43.9 45.2
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 8.5 9.4 14.3 13.9 13.9 13.3 13.3 14.4
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 31.4 32.2 36.5 30.7 30.9 32.9 30.5 30.8
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 17.9 15.8 11.6 14.0 14.8 15.2 15.9 14.6
Reentrants........................................... . 31.7 34.2 33.6 30.3 33.6 32.2 31.2 32.4 32.0
New entrants........................................ . 7.8 8.1 8.9 7.4 7.8 8.1 7.5 7.9 8.2
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 1.3 1.4 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Reentrants........................................... . 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
New entrants........................................ . 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Duration Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2021 2022 2022 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,884 2,127 2,023 2,051 2,262 2,080 2,223 2,154 2,211
5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 1,762 1,474 1,696 1,876 1,552 1,772 1,807 1,645 1,783
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,251 1,859 1,889 3,340 2,089 1,785 2,022 1,966 1,970
15 to 26 weeks................................... . 919 751 714 1,001 753 718 885 899 805
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,332 1,109 1,175 2,339 1,336 1,067 1,137 1,067 1,165
Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7 20.7 21.5 26.9 22.3 22.1 22.3 20.2 20.8
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 8.8 8.6 13.0 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.1
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 39.0 36.1 28.2 38.3 36.9 36.7 37.4 37.1
5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 25.5 27.0 30.2 25.8 26.3 31.4 29.9 28.5 29.9
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.1 34.1 33.7 46.0 35.4 31.7 33.4 34.1 33.0
15 to 26 weeks................................... . 13.3 13.7 12.7 13.8 12.8 12.7 14.6 15.6 13.5
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 20.3 21.0 32.2 22.6 18.9 18.8 18.5 19.5
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
Unemployment
Employed Unemployed
rates
Occupation
Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022
Total, 16 years and over1............................................ . 154,966 159,144 6,896 5,609 4.3 3.4
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . 65,335 68,918 1,453 1,398 2.2 2.0
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... . 27,665 29,433 656 639 2.3 2.1
Professional and related occupations......................... . 37,669 39,485 796 759 2.1 1.9
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,458 25,749 1,709 1,134 6.3 4.2
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,914 29,886 1,400 1,060 4.5 3.4
Sales and related occupations................................. . 14,155 14,242 672 497 4.5 3.4
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,759 15,644 728 563 4.4 3.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... . 14,258 14,463 616 606 4.1 4.0
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,076 938 65 77 5.7 7.6
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,356 8,658 446 413 5.1 4.6
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . 4,826 4,867 104 116 2.1 2.3
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... . 20,001 20,128 1,169 886 5.5 4.2
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,268 8,184 388 295 4.5 3.5
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 11,733 11,944 782 591 6.2 4.7
1
Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect
the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification
system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly
comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed Unemployment
persons rates
Industry and class of worker (in thousands)
Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
2021 2022 2021 2022
Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... . 6,896 5,609 4.3 3.4

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,301 4,381 4.2 3.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... . 63 4 10.0 0.8
Construction......................................................................... . 398 419 4.0 4.1
Manufacturing....................................................................... . 499 463 3.3 3.1
Durable goods.................................................................... . 279 319 2.9 3.3
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 144 4.0 2.7
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,019 699 5.2 3.6
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 273 4.7 3.3
Information........................................................................... . 83 94 3.5 3.3
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 195 1.9 1.9
Professional and business services.............................................. . 791 645 4.4 3.5
Education and health services.................................................... . 677 677 2.8 2.7
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960 738 7.5 5.5
Other services....................................................................... . 239 174 3.5 2.5
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 81 5.1 5.1
Government workers.................................................................. . 467 321 2.2 1.5
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . 510 325 4.7 3.1
1
Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the
introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from
the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2021 2022 2022 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . 2.0 1.1 1.1 2.1 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 1.3 1.4 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.3 3.4 4.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 3.6 3.6 4.8 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.9
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.3 4.3 5.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.6
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... . 7.7 6.4 6.3 8.2 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.8
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
Total Men Women
Category Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,045 99,782 40,994 41,212 59,052 58,570
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,567 5,341 2,478 2,618 3,089 2,723
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,638 1,469 842 786 796 683
Discouraged workers2........................................ . 460 373 315 261 145 112
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . . 1,178 1,096 527 525 651 571
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ . 7,166 7,676 3,467 3,846 3,699 3,830
Percent of total employed......................................... . 4.6 4.8 4.2 4.5 5.1 5.2
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,193 4,449 2,194 2,449 1,999 1,999
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,598 1,733 540 612 1,059 1,122
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... . 361 347 215 194 146 154
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953 1,095 499 565 454 530
1
Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Change
Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. from:
2022p 2022p 2022p Sept.2022
2021 2022 2022p 2021 2022
-
Oct.2022p
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,310 152,674 153,197 154,369 148,005 152,732 153,047 153,308 261
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,847 131,180 130,793 131,656 125,911 130,406 130,725 130,958 233
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,705 21,481 21,409 21,451 20,499 21,196 21,244 21,277 33
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584 638 637 639 578 631 634 634 0
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.5 47.0 46.4 45.5 44.9 45.4 45.7 44.7 -1.0
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538.9 590.9 591.0 593.3 533.5 585.8 588.2 588.8 0.6
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.7 135.0 134.9 135.2 121.3 134.5 135.2 135.6 0.4
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.6 183.5 182.4 183.0 176.0 180.2 180.4 181.1 0.7
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.5 37.8 37.9 37.9 36.5 38.0 38.1 37.9 -0.2
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.8 43.9 43.6 43.6 41.9 43.6 43.8 43.7 -0.1
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.3 101.8 100.9 101.5 97.7 98.6 98.5 99.5 1.0
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239.6 272.4 273.7 275.1 236.2 271.1 272.6 272.1 -0.5
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,636 7,911 7,877 7,888 7,455 7,698 7,720 7,721 1
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,684.0 1,745.4 1,731.3 1,742.1 1,654.0 1,709.7 1,711.3 1,716.9 5.6
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883.1 918.8 907.9 915.3 869.0 900.8 901.3 903.7 2.4
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800.9 826.6 823.4 826.8 785.0 808.9 810.0 813.2 3.2
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,099.9 1,125.0 1,124.9 1,127.1 1,043.5 1,074.7 1,074.3 1,073.9 -0.4
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,852.3 5,040.1 5,020.3 5,019.2 4,757.0 4,914.0 4,934.0 4,930.0 -4.0
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,236.6 2,315.7 2,306.3 2,305.1 2,203.1 2,266.2 2,275.2 2,273.7 -1.5
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,615.7 2,724.4 2,714.0 2,714.1 2,553.9 2,647.8 2,658.8 2,656.3 -2.5
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,485 12,932 12,895 12,924 12,466 12,867 12,890 12,922 32
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,764 8,030 8,008 8,031 7,766 8,003 8,016 8,039 23
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415.8 431.8 429.4 430.0 413.5 430.8 430.8 429.9 -0.9
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407.1 423.3 420.9 425.0 402.1 416.6 416.4 419.6 3.2
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.1 363.5 364.6 364.6 353.6 363.6 366.3 366.1 -0.2
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,397.5 1,445.4 1,446.9 1,452.5 1,398.1 1,443.6 1,449.1 1,454.3 5.2
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,060.9 1,102.1 1,097.2 1,098.8 1,063.6 1,099.3 1,099.6 1,102.6 3.0
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,064.4 1,096.5 1,088.9 1,096.3 1,066.0 1,091.7 1,091.2 1,096.6 5.4
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 159.1 164.7 164.5 166.7 159.2 164.0 164.4 166.4 2.0
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.8 84.1 82.4 84.4 85.4 84.2 83.2 84.7 1.5
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370.1 390.6 387.5 390.3 371.5 388.6 388.6 391.0 2.4
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419.6 424.5 422.4 423.0 419.5 422.9 423.1 422.8 -0.3
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 32.6 32.1 31.9 30.4 31.9 31.9 31.6 -0.3
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 397.5 411.1 410.9 410.9 398.0 410.8 412.1 412.4 0.3
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,672.7 1,729.5 1,730.7 1,730.2 1,676.6 1,723.0 1,727.7 1,732.4 4.7
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992.1 1,022.3 1,024.2 1,018.3 998.4 1,011.1 1,018.5 1,023.3 4.8
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379.6 382.1 379.2 379.7 379.4 381.7 381.4 381.2 -0.2
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616.5 644.6 639.7 642.9 615.3 641.6 641.7 643.5 1.8
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,721 4,902 4,887 4,893 4,700 4,864 4,874 4,883 9
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,656.4 1,723.9 1,720.4 1,719.3 1,642.6 1,701.3 1,709.1 1,710.1 1.0
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.7 100.1 100.2 99.3 99.4 99.7 100.0 99.3 -0.7
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.6 103.4 102.9 102.5 104.3 104.1 103.4 102.8 -0.6
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.5 95.1 94.1 94.8 91.5 94.8 94.2 94.6 0.4
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348.0 357.7 358.4 358.8 348.7 358.4 359.6 360.5 0.9
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 372.5 378.3 373.4 376.2 369.9 377.5 373.7 374.7 1.0
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.8 107.9 107.4 107.9 105.6 105.6 105.9 105.8 -0.1
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871.3 908.4 904.9 906.7 874.1 906.2 908.9 910.5 1.6
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726.8 756.7 754.1 757.8 729.2 757.5 758.1 761.1 3.0
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341.3 370.3 371.0 369.5 334.7 359.3 361.3 363.4 2.1
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,142 109,699 109,384 110,205 105,412 109,210 109,481 109,681 200
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,100 28,643 28,586 28,845 28,013 28,799 28,792 28,823 31
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,725.0 5,913.1 5,903.3 5,931.5 5,716.3 5,896.9 5,908.5 5,923.1 14.6
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,148.3 3,255.6 3,249.0 3,260.0 3,149.9 3,247.2 3,253.9 3,262.6 8.7
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,092.7 2,154.1 2,149.0 2,164.2 2,083.4 2,147.1 2,149.4 2,155.4 6.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
— Continued
[In thousands]
Change
Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. from:
Oct. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Sept.2022
2021 2022 2022p 2022p 2021 2022 2022p 2022p -
Oct.2022p
Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.0 503.4 505.3 507.3 483.0 502.6 505.2 505.1 -0.1
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,577.9 15,778.2 15,659.5 15,822.3 15,537.0 15,829.5 15,821.9 15,829.1 7.2
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,951.0 1,988.7 1,980.2 1,980.5 1,946.8 1,974.7 1,975.3 1,977.1 1.8
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,223.7 1,240.8 1,235.6 1,235.5 1,222.5 1,235.5 1,234.6 1,235.7 1.1
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2 177.5 174.0 174.1 172.3 170.7 172.4 173.3 0.9
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 555.1 570.4 570.6 570.9 552.0 568.5 568.4 568.1 -0.3
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 445.8 426.2 423.5 429.9 444.8 433.1 431.4 430.2 -1.2
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 440.2 423.8 422.2 423.8 423.5 427.9 424.7 419.0 -5.7
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,364.6 1,405.1 1,378.6 1,373.6 1,379.4 1,397.2 1,393.2 1,394.6 1.4
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,118.4 3,209.8 3,181.9 3,195.6 3,118.8 3,200.9 3,201.6 3,198.9 -2.7
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,054.7 1,058.7 1,062.7 1,080.0 1,050.9 1,069.1 1,073.4 1,075.6 2.2
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949.5 990.6 981.4 984.4 943.5 974.6 975.4 980.0 4.6
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,064.8 1,087.5 1,071.5 1,085.1 1,072.0 1,085.5 1,086.8 1,091.5 4.7
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540.8 529.1 520.0 533.1 544.0 533.0 530.4 531.8 1.4
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,160.8 3,147.5 3,136.2 3,209.6 3,138.2 3,225.4 3,219.0 3,216.8 -2.2
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 956.0 939.3 929.8 957.6 950.7 966.7 962.1 956.9 -5.2
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 2,204.8 2,208.2 2,206.4 2,252.0 2,187.4 2,258.7 2,256.9 2,259.9 3.0
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825.7 868.3 856.1 867.5 826.1 859.5 862.6 865.8 3.2
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661.6 642.9 645.2 659.2 649.0 648.6 648.1 647.8 -0.3
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,258.3 6,407.6 6,481.4 6,547.2 6,220.2 6,529.5 6,518.2 6,526.4 8.2
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505.0 567.9 567.3 571.1 505.5 564.3 567.0 571.2 4.2
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.8 146.8 147.3 147.3 145.7 146.8 147.2 147.1 -0.1
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 63.3 62.9 61.7 55.0 61.4 61.7 61.8 0.1
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,546.5 1,612.2 1,594.4 1,614.2 1,528.9 1,597.4 1,587.9 1,601.1 13.2
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.7 354.5 423.9 432.1 384.1 414.0 409.1 411.5 2.4
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.4 47.8 47.0 47.2 50.3 47.8 47.3 47.2 -0.1
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 26.4 35.3 34.1 32.3 26.1 29.1 30.4 31.0 0.6
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 746.1 786.9 790.2 797.2 741.0 785.6 790.6 792.0 1.4
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,044.8 1,044.7 1,057.0 1,077.1 1,077.6 1,114.5 1,114.9 1,121.4 6.5
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,732.9 1,748.2 1,757.3 1,767.0 1,706.0 1,768.6 1,762.1 1,742.1 -20.0
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538.9 543.9 541.7 544.1 539.5 542.6 543.2 544.3 1.1
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,897 3,056 3,042 3,052 2,886 3,032 3,039 3,043 4
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 793.2 844.9 846.0 837.0 793.8 839.8 845.4 840.5 -4.9
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.4 448.9 431.8 446.1 412.0 435.4 432.8 436.5 3.7
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234.4 234.0 234.6 234.4 232.4 234.8 233.9 232.9 -1.0
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660.5 664.2 663.8 661.0 661.8 664.6 662.6 661.3 -1.3
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402.0 427.6 432.1 434.4 401.4 427.7 431.4 432.4 1.0
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.1 436.5 433.2 439.4 384.8 429.8 433.0 439.8 6.8
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,846 9,022 8,969 8,995 8,817 8,967 8,968 8,971 3
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,534.9 6,622.3 6,585.8 6,617.9 6,527.9 6,605.3 6,599.6 6,612.0 12.4
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 20.8 21.1 21.0 21.2 20.8 21.0 21.0 21.1 0.1
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,703.2 2,708.5 2,691.6 2,692.2 2,705.4 2,700.4 2,699.0 2,696.5 -2.5
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,727.6 1,748.6 1,740.4 1,742.2 1,733.4 1,741.5 1,745.6 1,747.5 1.9
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,342.0 1,347.5 1,339.0 1,344.4 1,347.9 1,342.5 1,344.7 1,348.1 3.4
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 641.9 627.5 620.5 622.6 639.5 626.9 621.7 621.5 -0.2
Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 333.7 332.4 330.7 327.4 332.5 331.9 331.7 327.5 -4.2
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 1,004.8 1,050.3 1,043.6 1,056.0 1,001.6 1,041.1 1,045.6 1,051.0 5.4
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,806.1 2,842.4 2,829.6 2,848.5 2,800.1 2,842.8 2,834.0 2,843.4 9.4
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,310.9 2,399.3 2,383.6 2,377.5 2,289.2 2,361.9 2,367.9 2,359.2 -8.7
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,785.8 1,823.8 1,820.8 1,830.1 1,769.6 1,805.1 1,815.4 1,814.5 -0.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
— Continued
[In thousands]
Change
2021 2022 2022p 2022p 2021 2022 2022p 2022p -
Oct.2022p
Real estate and rental and leasing -
Continued
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504.6 554.7 542.2 526.7 499.1 536.3 531.9 524.1 -7.8
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 20.5 20.8 20.6 20.7 20.5 20.5 20.6 20.6 0.0
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,875 22,474 22,466 22,707 21,619 22,402 22,454 22,493 39
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 10,090.9 10,516.5 10,449.6 10,601.3 10,073.2 10,515.3 10,538.6 10,581.3 42.7
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,173.3 1,179.2 1,170.9 1,186.6 1,168.6 1,180.8 1,178.7 1,182.1 3.4
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,024.6 1,064.3 1,062.8 1,082.2 1,076.3 1,112.7 1,118.6 1,123.5 4.9
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,582.3 1,671.9 1,659.3 1,674.7 1,570.9 1,651.3 1,656.4 1,663.2 6.8
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.5 153.9 153.7 156.4 144.3 153.7 154.4 154.7 0.3
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,355.3 2,446.0 2,423.6 2,456.3 2,339.9 2,434.7 2,438.2 2,447.0 8.8
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,700.8 1,774.4 1,769.7 1,807.9 1,675.5 1,772.5 1,777.5 1,784.9 7.4
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840.8 896.9 888.2 897.8 842.0 888.4 892.9 898.2 5.3
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 455.4 491.6 487.7 493.9 452.0 489.6 489.7 491.8 2.1
Other professional and technical services. . . 811.9 838.3 833.7 845.5 803.7 831.6 832.2 835.9 3.7
Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,342.7 2,400.0 2,389.0 2,395.9 2,342.9 2,390.4 2,392.8 2,397.0 4.2
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,441.4 9,557.2 9,627.5 9,709.8 9,202.4 9,496.6 9,523.0 9,514.9 -8.1
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,972.7 9,073.4 9,144.7 9,223.1 8,738.2 9,017.9 9,043.2 9,034.2 -9.0
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 561.6 605.8 604.6 608.9 560.2 601.6 604.0 606.8 2.8
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.3 157.1 157.5 158.8 156.3 156.2 157.1 157.1 0.0
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,843.8 3,817.6 3,912.9 3,985.9 3,699.7 3,872.2 3,882.9 3,884.4 1.5
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,146.5 3,090.2 3,174.6 3,241.1 3,025.1 3,155.0 3,167.6 3,179.4 11.8
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813.0 766.4 763.0 768.6 801.6 775.7 767.3 761.5 -5.8
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.6 156.7 157.0 157.4 143.7 153.6 155.2 155.7 0.5
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 909.3 934.5 941.5 943.7 904.9 932.4 939.4 938.0 -1.4
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,229.2 2,306.0 2,279.0 2,270.4 2,164.1 2,201.0 2,213.6 2,207.2 -6.4
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.9 329.3 329.2 329.4 307.7 325.2 323.7 323.6 -0.1
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468.7 483.8 482.8 486.7 464.2 478.7 479.8 480.7 0.9
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,048 24,298 24,624 24,954 23,805 24,562 24,653 24,732 79
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,827.8 3,585.7 3,851.7 4,006.7 3,651.8 3,840.7 3,850.8 3,859.1 8.3
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,220.2 20,712.6 20,772.1 20,947.7 20,153.6 20,721.0 20,801.7 20,872.8 71.1
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,096.0 16,468.2 16,522.8 16,629.8 16,056.7 16,460.0 16,524.6 16,577.2 52.6
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,990.9 8,211.2 8,234.5 8,311.2 7,965.3 8,218.1 8,250.2 8,280.9 30.7
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,775.6 2,838.7 2,850.7 2,877.0 2,766.2 2,843.9 2,855.3 2,864.9 9.6
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,010.1 1,047.3 1,041.4 1,054.2 1,006.8 1,042.9 1,045.9 1,050.9 5.0
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 1,040.9 1,095.7 1,096.3 1,109.9 1,036.3 1,094.1 1,100.1 1,106.4 6.3
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,004.4 1,030.9 1,031.6 1,033.5 1,005.2 1,031.6 1,032.0 1,033.4 1.4
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 310.4 313.7 311.8 310.6 309.7 314.9 313.5 310.2 -3.3
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,538.2 1,566.7 1,579.8 1,598.3 1,529.2 1,571.1 1,581.0 1,587.1 6.1
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311.3 318.2 322.9 327.7 312.0 319.7 322.4 327.9 5.5
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,128.5 5,216.2 5,244.3 5,254.5 5,122.3 5,211.9 5,237.0 5,247.8 10.8
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 2,976.6 3,040.8 3,044.0 3,064.1 2,969.1 3,030.0 3,037.4 3,048.5 11.1
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,356.3 1,364.4 1,367.4 1,378.8 1,349.2 1,360.6 1,362.9 1,367.0 4.1
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 596.6 614.6 616.1 618.0 597.0 613.0 615.8 617.4 1.6
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870.3 903.5 903.6 909.1 869.6 899.0 901.4 906.1 4.7
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 153.4 158.3 156.9 158.2 153.3 157.4 157.4 158.0 0.6
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,124.2 4,244.4 4,249.3 4,317.9 4,096.9 4,261.0 4,277.1 4,295.6 18.5
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,739.2 2,825.5 2,821.0 2,860.1 2,734.5 2,822.4 2,838.7 2,848.3 9.6
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 192.9 202.6 200.4 205.9 193.3 204.3 202.6 206.9 4.3
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 276.4 278.2 274.7 276.7 274.4 274.7 275.0 274.5 -0.5
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.7 938.1 953.2 975.2 894.6 959.7 960.9 965.8 4.9
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,805 16,441 15,979 15,902 14,728 15,744 15,851 15,886 35
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,108.8 2,568.5 2,378.7 2,309.3 2,123.5 2,304.2 2,324.2 2,333.8 9.6
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 450.8 511.3 524.7 513.1 430.3 490.8 497.4 498.8 1.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
— Continued
[In thousands]
Change
2021 2022 2022p 2022p 2021 2022 2022p 2022p -
Oct.2022p
Arts, entertainment, and recreation -
Continued
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.4 172.1 163.5 163.1 143.4 161.1 161.5 161.7 0.2
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,511.6 1,885.1 1,690.5 1,633.1 1,549.8 1,652.3 1,665.3 1,673.3 8.0
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,695.7 13,872.8 13,600.3 13,592.4 12,604.1 13,440.1 13,526.7 13,552.6 25.9
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,579.6 1,853.6 1,762.8 1,748.2 1,566.3 1,719.1 1,736.7 1,756.6 19.9
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,116.1 12,019.2 11,837.5 11,844.2 11,037.8 11,721.0 11,790.0 11,796.0 6.0
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,571 5,765 5,718 5,750 5,544 5,704 5,724 5,733 9
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,386.8 1,437.8 1,436.1 1,443.6 1,379.6 1,427.9 1,435.9 1,438.3 2.4
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,414.5 1,472.1 1,468.1 1,481.2 1,401.7 1,460.4 1,468.3 1,469.6 1.3
Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,769.4 2,855.4 2,813.9 2,825.4 2,762.6 2,815.2 2,819.7 2,824.9 5.2
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,463 21,494 22,404 22,713 22,094 22,326 22,322 22,350 28
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,882 2,868 2,875 2,879 2,880 2,864 2,867 2,873 6
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,283.6 2,274.7 2,280.1 2,280.8 2,279.7 2,263.9 2,268.0 2,272.0 4.0
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597.9 592.8 594.8 598.1 600.6 599.9 599.1 601.1 2.0
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,388 5,000 5,345 5,419 5,224 5,261 5,261 5,254 -7
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,737.1 2,343.1 2,700.5 2,787.8 2,567.3 2,618.5 2,622.6 2,620.8 -1.8
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,650.7 2,656.9 2,644.6 2,630.9 2,657.0 2,642.4 2,638.1 2,633.1 -5.0
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,193 13,626 14,184 14,415 13,990 14,201 14,194 14,223 29
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,876.7 7,024.2 7,751.1 7,991.8 7,633.0 7,776.2 7,755.0 7,768.5 13.5
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,316.5 6,601.7 6,432.4 6,423.1 6,357.3 6,424.6 6,439.0 6,454.5 15.5
1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry 2021 2022 2022p 2022p
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................ . 34.8 34.5 34.5 34.5
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 39.9 39.9 40.0
Mining and logging............................................................... . 44.8 46.2 46.3 46.2
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.8 38.7 38.7 38.9
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.3 40.3 40.3 40.4
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.4 40.7 40.7 40.8
Nondurable goods............................................................. . 40.2 39.7 39.7 39.6
Private service-providing........................................................... . 33.8 33.4 33.5 33.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.0 34.0 34.0
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.4 38.9 38.9 38.8
Retail trade..................................................................... . 30.8 30.1 30.1 30.1
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.7 38.4 38.5 38.6
Utilities.......................................................................... . 42.3 41.6 42.0 42.5
Information........................................................................ . 36.9 36.6 36.6 36.5
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 37.4 37.4 37.5
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.7 36.6 36.8 36.7
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.4 33.4 33.4 33.3
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.3 25.6 25.7 25.6
Other services.................................................................... . 32.4 32.2 32.3 32.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... . 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.2
Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 3.4 3.1 3.0 2.9
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct.
2021 2022 2022p 2022p 2021 2022 2022p 2022p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $31.11 $32.36 $32.46 $32.58 $1,082.63 $1,116.42 $1,119.87 $1,124.01
Goods-producing...................................... . 31.46 32.59 32.71 32.84 1,255.25 1,300.34 1,305.13 1,313.60
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.30 36.55 36.52 36.56 1,581.44 1,688.61 1,690.88 1,689.07
Construction......................................... . 33.41 34.91 35.07 35.27 1,296.31 1,351.02 1,357.21 1,372.00
Manufacturing....................................... . 30.14 31.04 31.14 31.23 1,214.64 1,250.91 1,254.94 1,261.69
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.62 32.63 32.74 32.82 1,277.45 1,328.04 1,332.52 1,339.06
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.70 28.38 28.44 28.54 1,113.54 1,126.69 1,129.07 1,130.18
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.03 32.31 32.40 32.52 1,048.81 1,079.15 1,085.40 1,089.42
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . 26.67 27.77 27.87 28.00 920.12 944.18 947.58 952.00
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.17 35.21 35.28 35.52 1,346.30 1,369.67 1,372.39 1,378.18
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.22 23.04 23.08 23.16 684.38 693.50 694.71 697.12
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.74 28.19 28.36 28.43 1,034.84 1,082.50 1,091.86 1,097.40
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.28 47.25 47.85 48.12 1,915.34 1,965.60 2,009.70 2,045.10
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.60 47.29 47.66 47.45 1,645.74 1,730.81 1,744.36 1,731.93
Financial activities.................................. . 40.55 41.82 42.06 42.11 1,520.63 1,564.07 1,573.04 1,579.13
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.29 38.91 38.98 39.17 1,368.54 1,424.11 1,434.46 1,437.54
Education and health services.................... . 30.71 31.96 31.98 32.06 1,025.71 1,067.46 1,068.13 1,067.60
Leisure and hospitality............................. . 19.19 20.27 20.32 20.43 504.70 518.91 522.22 523.01
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.21 28.65 28.85 28.98 914.00 922.53 931.86 936.05
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2
Percent Percent
change change
Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. from: from:
Oct. Sept. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Sept.
2021 2022 2022p 2022p 2022 - 2021 2022 2022p 2022p 2022 -
Oct. Oct.
2022p 2022p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.0 112.9 113.2 113.4 0.2 163.6 174.7 175.7 176.7 0.6
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.2 96.4 96.6 97.0 0.4 132.5 141.9 142.8 143.9 0.8
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.4 91.6 92.2 92.0 -0.2 115.3 134.4 135.2 135.1 -0.1
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.7 102.7 103.0 103.5 0.5 144.7 155.8 156.9 158.7 1.1
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.4 93.3 93.5 93.9 0.4 126.7 134.7 135.3 136.4 0.8
Durable goods.......................... . 88.3 91.7 91.9 92.3 0.4 124.0 132.9 133.6 134.6 0.7
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.3 96.4 96.6 96.5 -0.1 132.6 138.8 139.4 139.8 0.3
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.7 117.4 118.1 118.3 0.2 173.0 184.4 186.0 187.0 0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . 105.5 106.8 106.8 106.9 0.1 151.7 160.0 160.5 161.5 0.6
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.3 101.2 101.4 101.4 0.0 142.0 149.0 149.6 150.6 0.7
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.2 96.8 96.7 96.7 0.0 142.7 147.3 147.5 148.1 0.4
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . 138.3 144.1 144.2 144.7 0.3 188.2 206.6 208.0 209.4 0.7
Utilities................................... . 98.7 97.7 98.7 100.1 1.4 147.7 152.5 156.1 159.1 1.9
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.3 101.3 101.6 101.4 -0.2 154.4 170.6 172.4 171.4 -0.6
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.3 109.9 109.9 110.2 0.3 171.4 179.2 180.3 181.1 0.4
Professional and business services. . . . . 124.4 128.6 129.6 129.4 -0.2 187.8 202.5 204.5 205.3 0.4
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . 129.8 134.0 134.5 134.5 0.0 191.8 206.0 206.9 207.4 0.2
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.5 115.0 116.2 116.0 -0.2 171.1 188.1 190.6 191.3 0.4
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.6 105.9 106.6 106.8 0.2 160.1 166.3 168.6 169.6 0.6
1
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
2021 2022 2022p 2022p 2021 2022 2022p 2022p
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,744 76,156 76,337 76,510 49.8 49.9 49.9 49.9
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,970 63,180 63,356 63,504 48.4 48.4 48.5 48.5
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,684 4,892 4,912 4,926 22.8 23.1 23.1 23.2
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 83 84 84 12.5 13.2 13.2 13.2
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,034 1,080 1,087 1,089 13.9 14.0 14.1 14.1
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,578 3,729 3,741 3,753 28.7 29.0 29.0 29.0
Durable goods................................. . 1,898 1,990 2,000 2,009 24.4 24.9 25.0 25.0
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,680 1,739 1,741 1,744 35.7 35.8 35.7 35.7
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,286 58,288 58,444 58,578 53.4 53.4 53.4 53.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,083 11,459 11,465 11,468 39.6 39.8 39.8 39.8
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,719.6 1,800.5 1,803.0 1,806.6 30.1 30.5 30.5 30.5
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,590.3 7,746.7 7,752.1 7,749.3 48.9 48.9 49.0 49.0
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,637.9 1,773.2 1,770.7 1,772.8 26.3 27.2 27.2 27.2
Utilities.......................................... . 135.6 138.2 138.7 139.2 25.1 25.5 25.5 25.6
Information........................................ . 1,136 1,220 1,232 1,237 39.4 40.2 40.5 40.7
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,941 4,998 4,994 5,004 56.0 55.7 55.7 55.8
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . 10,012 10,310 10,320 10,330 46.3 46.0 46.0 45.9
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,378 18,930 19,017 19,079 77.2 77.1 77.1 77.1
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,805 8,334 8,376 8,414 53.0 52.9 52.8 53.0
Other services.................................... . 2,931 3,037 3,040 3,046 52.9 53.2 53.1 53.1
Government............................................ . 12,774 12,976 12,981 13,006 57.8 58.1 58.2 58.2
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry 2022p
2021 2022 2022p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,682 106,280 106,500 106,667

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,626 15,197 15,238 15,267
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 473 472 470
Construction......................................................................... . 5,502 5,691 5,703 5,713
Manufacturing....................................................................... . 8,693 9,033 9,063 9,084
Durable goods.................................................................... . 5,344 5,543 5,562 5,576
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,349 3,490 3,501 3,508
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,056 91,083 91,262 91,400
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... . 23,648 24,304 24,303 24,311
Wholesale trade.................................................................. . 4,543.8 4,683.1 4,691.0 4,704.8
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,263.5 13,496.4 13,487.6 13,478.7
Transportation and warehousing............................................... . 5,411.2 5,690.1 5,690.0 5,692.0
Utilities............................................................................. . 429.1 434.7 434.5 435.7
Information........................................................................... . 2,291 2,417 2,422 2,420
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,639 6,749 6,755 6,762
Professional and business services.............................................. . 17,506 17,899 17,900 17,886
Education and health services.................................................... . 20,781 21,354 21,428 21,480
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,669 13,713 13,787 13,870
Other services....................................................................... . 4,522 4,647 4,667 4,671
1
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Industry 2021 2022 2022p 2022p
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................ . 34.2 33.9 34.0 34.0
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.8 40.6 40.7 40.8
Mining and logging............................................................... . 46.7 47.3 48.1 48.0
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.7
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.3 41.0 41.1 41.1
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2 41.3 41.5 41.6
Nondurable goods............................................................. . 41.4 40.4 40.5 40.4
Private service-providing........................................................... . 33.1 32.8 32.9 32.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 33.9 34.0 33.9
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.2 39.0 39.0 38.8
Retail trade..................................................................... . 30.8 30.2 30.3 30.3
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.5 37.9 37.9 37.9
Utilities.......................................................................... . 42.2 42.4 42.0 42.6
Information........................................................................ . 36.3 36.2 36.1 36.2
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.4 37.3 37.2 37.2
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 36.3 36.6 36.5
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.0 24.5 24.6 24.5
Other services.................................................................... . 31.4 31.2 31.2 31.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... . 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1
Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.5
1
payrolls.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
2021 2022 2022p 2022p 2021 2022 2022p 2022p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.42 $27.67 $27.77 $27.86 $903.56 $938.01 $944.18 $947.24
Goods-producing...................................... . 26.88 28.15 28.29 28.41 1,096.70 1,142.89 1,151.40 1,159.13
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.30 33.14 33.09 33.15 1,461.71 1,567.52 1,591.63 1,591.20
Construction......................................... . 30.95 32.63 32.83 32.99 1,222.53 1,288.89 1,296.79 1,309.70
Manufacturing....................................... . 24.17 25.12 25.25 25.35 998.22 1,029.92 1,037.78 1,041.89
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.19 26.27 26.40 26.52 1,037.83 1,084.95 1,095.60 1,103.23
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.55 23.26 23.38 23.44 933.57 939.70 946.89 946.98
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.32 27.57 27.66 27.75 871.19 904.30 910.01 912.98
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . 22.85 24.07 24.17 24.26 786.04 815.97 821.78 822.41
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.20 29.37 29.55 29.71 1,105.44 1,145.43 1,152.45 1,152.75
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.92 19.63 19.67 19.76 582.74 592.83 596.00 598.73
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.49 26.42 26.60 26.58 942.87 1,001.32 1,008.14 1,007.38
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.22 42.20 42.34 42.80 1,697.28 1,789.28 1,778.28 1,823.28
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.91 38.36 38.90 38.93 1,339.83 1,388.63 1,404.29 1,409.27
Financial activities.................................. . 30.73 32.44 32.53 32.57 1,149.30 1,210.01 1,210.12 1,211.60
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.29 32.68 32.76 32.90 1,135.83 1,186.28 1,199.02 1,200.85
Education and health services.................... . 27.79 29.09 29.13 29.23 905.95 948.33 949.64 952.90
Leisure and hospitality............................. . 16.90 17.93 17.99 18.10 422.50 439.29 442.55 443.45
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.07 24.62 24.77 24.81 755.80 768.14 772.82 776.55
1
payrolls.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3
Percent Percent
change change
Industry Oct. Aug. Sept. from: from:
Oct. Sept. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. Sept.
2021 2022 2022p 2022p 2022 - 2021 2022 2022p 2022p 2022 -
Oct. Oct.
2022p 2022p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.0 120.1 120.7 120.9 0.2 206.6 222.0 224.0 225.0 0.4
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.2 94.3 94.8 95.2 0.4 150.1 162.5 164.2 165.6 0.9
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.0 118.9 120.6 119.9 -0.6 194.7 229.1 232.2 231.1 -0.5
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.8 112.6 112.8 113.6 0.7 181.9 198.3 200.0 202.3 1.2
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 85.0 85.5 85.7 0.2 130.3 139.7 141.2 142.1 0.6
Durable goods.......................... . 82.7 86.0 86.7 87.1 0.5 130.1 141.0 142.9 144.3 1.0
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.7 83.1 83.5 83.5 0.0 130.2 136.5 138.0 138.3 0.2
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.2 127.3 127.9 128.1 0.2 224.2 240.7 242.7 243.9 0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . 113.8 115.2 115.6 115.3 -0.3 185.8 198.2 199.6 199.8 0.1
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.7 108.4 108.6 108.3 -0.3 176.0 187.9 189.4 190.0 0.3
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.4 103.1 103.4 103.4 0.0 167.6 173.5 174.3 175.0 0.4
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . 157.7 163.2 163.2 163.3 0.1 245.8 274.5 276.3 276.2 0.0
Utilities................................... . 92.6 94.3 93.3 94.9 1.7 155.5 166.0 164.9 169.6 2.9
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.9 99.9 99.8 100.0 0.2 173.4 189.6 192.2 192.7 0.3
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.9 118.5 118.3 118.4 0.1 220.9 236.5 236.7 237.2 0.2
Professional and business services. . . . . 142.1 145.3 146.5 146.0 -0.3 264.4 282.3 285.4 285.6 0.1
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . 144.4 148.4 148.9 149.3 0.3 264.9 285.0 286.4 288.0 0.6
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.0 123.1 124.2 124.5 0.2 222.7 250.6 253.8 255.9 0.8
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.6 101.7 102.1 102.5 0.4 174.6 182.4 184.3 185.4 0.6
1
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary

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Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-22-2097

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, November 4, 2022

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — OCTOBER 2022

Establishment Survey Data

Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up in October (+35,000), with

Changes to Household Survey Supplemental Data

Update to the 2022 North American Industry Classification System

For more information on NAICS 2022, visit www.census.gov/naics.

Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct.

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

See footnotes at end of table.

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Less than a high school diploma

VETERANS, 18 years and over

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Foreign born, 16 years and over

AGE AND SEX

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... . 6,896 5,609 4.3 3.4

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

See footnotes at end of table.

See footnotes at end of table.

See footnotes at end of table.

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,682 106,280 106,500 106,667

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

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