Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 36 views

    Radiation Protection and Dosimetry Assessment 2

    Uploaded by

    George Chahni
    This document discusses concepts related to radiation dosimetry and shielding assessment. It defines absorbed dose as the energy absorbed per unit mass. Air kerma is defined as the kinetic energy released in air per unit mass due to ionizing radiation, and includes energy from bremsstrahlung produced outside the unit mass. Exposure is defined as the electric charge deposited in a material per unit mass by ionizing radiation and does not include energy later re-radiated by bremsstrahlung. Shielding calculations use the Beer-Lambert law to determine the fraction of gamma rays not interacting with shielding material based on total and photoelectric cross sections and mass attenuation coefficients.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Radiation Protection and Dosimetry Assessment 2

    Uploaded by

    George Chahni
    36 views2 pages
    This document discusses concepts related to radiation dosimetry and shielding assessment. It defines absorbed dose as the energy absorbed per unit mass. Air kerma is defined as the kinetic energy released in air per unit mass due to ionizing radiation, and includes energy from bremsstrahlung produced outside the unit mass. Exposure is defined as the electric charge deposited in a material per unit mass by ionizing radiation and does not include energy later re-radiated by bremsstrahlung. Shielding calculations use the Beer-Lambert law to determine the fraction of gamma rays not interacting with shielding material based on total and photoelectric cross sections and mass attenuation coefficients.

    Original Title

    Radiation_Protection_and_Dosimetry_Assessment_2

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses concepts related to radiation dosimetry and shielding assessment. It defines absorbed dose as the energy absorbed per unit mass. Air kerma is defined as the kinetic energy released in air per unit mass due to ionizing radiation, and includes energy from bremsstrahlung produced outside the unit mass. Exposure is defined as the electric charge deposited in a material per unit mass by ionizing radiation and does not include energy later re-radiated by bremsstrahlung. Shielding calculations use the Beer-Lambert law to determine the fraction of gamma rays not interacting with shielding material based on total and photoelectric cross sections and mass attenuation coefficients.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views2 pages

    Radiation Protection and Dosimetry Assessment 2

    Uploaded by

    George Chahni
    This document discusses concepts related to radiation dosimetry and shielding assessment. It defines absorbed dose as the energy absorbed per unit mass. Air kerma is defined as the kinetic energy released in air per unit mass due to ionizing radiation, and includes energy from bremsstrahlung produced outside the unit mass. Exposure is defined as the electric charge deposited in a material per unit mass by ionizing radiation and does not include energy later re-radiated by bremsstrahlung. Shielding calculations use the Beer-Lambert law to determine the fraction of gamma rays not interacting with shielding material based on total and photoelectric cross sections and mass attenuation coefficients.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Radiation Protection, Dosimetry and Shielding Assessment

    2
    Georges Chahni
    November 2022

    Dosimetry

    Figure 1: Energy deposition and transfer in mass of air, δm.

    Absorbed Dose
    The absorbed dose is energy absorbed per unit mass and so is:

    E4 + E5 + E6′
    Absorbed dose = Gy (1)
    ∆m
    This does not include the photon energies as they do not constitute absorption, rather energy lost and does not
    include the bremstrahlung either.

    Air-kerma
    The KERMA is a measure of the Kinetic Energy released into matter per unit mass due to ionising radiation. In
    this case it would represent dE
    dm where dm in our case is the mass of air ∆m and dET r is the transferred within the
    Tr

    unit mass.

    E4 + E5 + E6′ + E6′′ + E6′′′


    KERM A = Gy (2)
    ∆m
    KERMA includes the energies due to bremstrahlung even though it occurs outside the unit mass as the Bremstrahlung
    is produced by the interaction of the charged particles within the material. This is considered to be part of the
    energy transferred to the material despite the fact that it is outside the unit mass thus E6′′ + E6′′′ are included.

    1
    Exposure
    The exposure is a measure of the electric charge(dQ) that is deposited in a material element(dm) by ionizing
    dQ
    radiation E = dm . Exposure - like absorbed dose - does not include any energy which may later be re-irradiated due
    to bremsstrahlung.
    e(J4 + J5 + J6′ + J6′′ )
    Exposure = C.kg −1 (3)
    ∆m

    Shielding
    I
    To calculate the fraction of gamma rays that do not interact with the bismuth sheet given only one interaction can
    happen per gamma ray, we can use the Beer-Lambert law probabilistically to measure how many are unattenuated/
    untouched and thus contribute to the intensity. We can consider the total cross section as the sum of the Compton
    Scattering (CS) and Photoelectric cross sections and calculate the mass attenuation coefficient:

    NA × σtot 6.023 × 1023 × 1000 × σtot


    µ= = → µ = 2.88181 × 1021 × (16.77 + 21.03).
    Atomic M ass 209
    The 1000 factor is to keep the units in S.I. as the conversion above gives g and not kg. The Beer-Lambert formula
    gives the interaction probability as:
    I
    Ptot = = exp(−µρx).
    I0
    Plugging in values for the cross sections then gives:
    I
    Ptot = = exp(−2.88181 × 1021 × 37.8 × 10−28 × 9780 × 1000 × 0.005) = 0.587029.
    I0
    The probability of no interaction (Q) occuring is then:

    Qtot = 1 − Ptot = 41.29% (4)

    II
    To calculate the fraction of incident gammas that are not absorbed by the sheet/ are attenuated, we need to realize
    this would only involve the photoelectric effect and thus its cross section (σtot = σP E = 16.77b); the question specifies
    absorption and only one interaction per gamma ray. Using the same principles as above:
    NA × σ P E
    µ= .
    Atomic M ass
    The Beer-Lambert formula then gives:

    Ptot = exp(−2.88181 × 1021 × 16.77 × 10−28 × 9780 × 1000 × 0.005) = 0.789525. (5)
    Therefore, about 21.04% of the incident gammas are not absorbed by the sheet and could contribute to the dose.

    You might also like